3 Endangered Plant Species

7/25/2019 3 Endangered Plant Species

1/7

3 Endangered plant species

Rafflesia

Rafflesiais a genusofparasiticflowering plants. It contains approximately 28 species (including

four incompletely characterized species as recognized by Willem Meijer in !!"#$ all found in

southeastern %sia$ in Indonesia$Malaysia$&hailandand the 'hilippines.)not in citation given)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Meijerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Meijerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia#cite_note-VJR-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia#cite_note-VJR-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Meijerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia#cite_note-VJR-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus


2/7

Rafflesiawas found in theIndonesianrain forestby an Indonesian guide wor*ing for +r. ,oseph

%rnoldin 88$ and named after-ir &homas -tamford affles$ the leader of the expedition. It

was disco/ered e/en earlier by 0ouis +eschampsin ,a/abetween "! and "!1$ but his notes

and illustrations$ seized by the ritish in 834$ were not a/ailable to western science until 85.citation needed)

&he plant has no stems$ lea/es or true roots. It is a holoparasiteof /ines in the genus Tetrastigma

(6itaceae#$ spreading its absorpti/e organ$ the haustorium$inside the tissue of the /ine. &he only

part of the plant that can be seen outside the host /ine is the fi/e7petaled flower. In some species$

such asRafflesia arnoldii$ the flower may be o/er 33 centimetres (4! in# in diameter$ and weigh

up to 3 *ilograms (22 lb#. /en the smallest species$R. baletei$ has 2 cm diameter flowers.

&he flowers loo* and smell li*e rotting flesh$hence its local names which translate to 9corpse

flower9 or 9meat flower9 (see below#. &he foul odor attracts insects such as flies$ which transport

pollen from male to female flowers. Most species ha/e separate male and female flowers$ but a

few ha/e hermaphroditic flowers. 0ittle is *nown about seed dispersal. :owe/er$ tree shrewsand

other forest mammals eat the fruits and disperse the seeds.Rafflesiais the official state flower of

Indonesia$ the -abahstate in Malaysia$ and of the -urat &hani 'ro/ince$ &hailand.

&he name 9corpse flower9 applied toRafflesiacan be confusing because this common name also

refers to the titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum# of the family %raceae.Moreo/er$ becauseAmorphophallushas the world;s largest unbranched inflorescence$ it is sometimes mista*enly

credited as ha/ing the world;s largest flower. othRafflesiaandAmorphophallusare flowering

plants$ but they are only distantly related. Rafflesia arnoldiihas the largestsingleflower of any

flowering plant$ at least in terms of weight.A. titanumhas the largest unbranchedinflorescence$

while the talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera# forms the largest branched inflorescence$

containing thousands of flowers< the talipot is monocarpic$ meaning the indi/idual plants die

after flowering.

GEORGIA ASTER

Symphyotrichum georgianum(formerlyAster georgianus# is a rare species of flowering plant in

the %steraceae$ the aster family. Its common name is Georgia aster. It is nati/e to the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_foresthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Arnoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Arnoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Deschamps&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoparasitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrastigmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haustoriumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haustoriumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldiihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandentiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Thani_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphophallus_titanumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldiihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corypha_umbraculiferahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_foresthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Arnoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Arnoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Deschamps&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoparasitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrastigmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haustoriumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldiihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandentiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Thani_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphophallus_titanumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldiihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corypha_umbraculiferahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceae


3/7

southeastern =nited -tates$ where it is *nown from %labama$>lorida$?eorgia$@orth Aarolina$

and -outh Aarolina.2)&oday it may be extirpatedfrom the state of >lorida.4)

&he ?eorgia aster is a robust rhizomatousperennialherbproducing colonies of woody stems up

to 33 centimetres (4! in# long. &he thic*$ dar* green lea/es are up to " centimetres (4 in# long

by 2 centimetres (3.8 in# wide. &hey are oblong to lance7shaped with smooth or serrated margins.

&he flower headsare borne on rough7haired$ glandularpeduncles. &hebractsare linear to lance7

shaped.2)&he flower heads are relati/ely large$ up to B 4)to 5)centimeters across. ach ray floret

is up to 2 centimeters long. 4)&he florets are purple and ha/e been described as 9dar* purple94)to

9la/ender /iolet to dar* reddish purple9. 2)&he disc florets at the center are white and purplish.2)

&his plant blooms in Cctober and @o/ember.4)

&he ?eorgia aster grows in oa*7pine woodlands. 2)4)&he local region was once co/ered in apost

oa*7sa/anna$ and this species was a member of this ecosystem. &his type of plant community

depends on natural disturbance$ such as wildfire. &oday this type of plant community has been

largely destroyed or degraded by fire suppressionand the remo/al of certain large grazing

mammals.)4)&he ?eorgia aster is therefore a relictspecies of this historic ecosystem$ and grows

in remaining woodlands.4)

31 populations are estimated to remain.4)

&hreats to the sur/i/al of the species include elimination of habitat disturbance such as fire.

Cther threats include road construction andherbicideapplication.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_extinctionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizomehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennial_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaceous_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_(botany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peduncle_(botany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-ns-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_stellatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_stellatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_savannas_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_suppressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-ns-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relicthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_extinctionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizomehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennial_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaceous_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_(botany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peduncle_(botany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-ns-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-fna-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_stellatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_stellatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_savannas_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_suppressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-ns-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relicthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_georgianum#cite_note-usfws-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide


4/7

Acalypha


5/7

Acalypha capitata

Acalyphais a genusofflowering plantsin thefamilyuphorbiaceae. It is the sole genus of the

subtribeAcalyphinae. It is one of the largest euphorb genera$ with approximately 1B3 to 152

species.)2)4)&he genus nameAcalyphais from the ?ree*akalephes(9nettle9#$ and was inspired

by the nettle7li*e lea/es.1)?eneral common names include copperleaf.B)

&he genus is distributed mainly in the tropicsand subtropics$with about 53D of species nati/e to

the %mericas and about 43D in %frica.5)
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acalypha_capitata&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbiaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-qin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-sag-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-stein-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acalypha_capitata&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbiaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-qin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-sag-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-stein-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-6


6/7

Description[edit]

&he genus includes annuals or perennial herbs$ shrubs$and small trees. Most are monoecious$

and some are dioecious. Indumentum of simple hairs or glands$ rarely of stellate hairs. &he

lea/es are alternately arranged$ undi/ided$ generally petiolate$ stipulate< stipels rarely present at

apex of petiole or leaf base$ caduceus. &he blades entire or more freEuently dentate or crenate$

pinnately or palmately /eined. &here are se/eral types of inflorescence$terminal or axillary$

freEuently both$ unisexual or androgynous. Male inflorescences spicate$ densely flowered$ with

se/eral flowers at each node subtended by a minute bract. >emale inflorescences generally

spicate$ sometimes racemose or panicle7shaped$ with F4(FB# flowers at each node$ usually

subtended by a large bract$ increasing and foliaceous in the fruit$ generally dentate or lobedlowers unisexual$ apetalous$ disc absent. Male flowers /ery small$ shortly pedicellate$

globose in bud< calyx parted into 1 small /al/ate sepals< stamens 1F8(F5# on a slightly raised

receptacle$ filaments free or basally connated< anthers with di/aricate or pendulous thecae$

unilocular$ more or less elongated and later becoming /ermiform< pollen grains oblate7

spheroidal$ with 4FB pseudopores$ tectate$ psilate< pistillode absent. >emale flowers generally

sessile or subsessile$ pedicellate in a few species< calyx of 4F (1FB# small sepals imbricate$

connate at base< o/ary of F2)4 carpels$ surface often muricate$ pubescent or papillose< o/ulessolitary in each cell$ anatropes< styles reddish$ free or basally connate$ se/eral times di/ided into

filiform segment$ rarely bifid or entire< staminodes absent.>ruits capsular$ small$ 47lobed$ soon

dehiscing septicidally into 4 bi/al/ed cocci< generally surrounded by the accrescent female bract.

-eeds small$ o/oid or ellipsoid$ usually carunculate$ smooth or fo/eolate< endosperm present$

whitish< the embryo straight< cotyledons broad and flat.%llomorphic female flowers present in

some species$ generally terminal (sometimes median or basal# in the inflorescences< ebracteate$

long pedicellate or subsessile< calyx as in the normal female flowers< o/ary and fruits 72 locular.")

Uses[edit]

A. hispida$ the chenille plant or red7hot cat;s tail$ is culti/ated as a houseplantfor its interesting

flowers. It earned the oyal :orticultural -ociety;s %ward of ?arden Merit$8) as has A.

hispaniolae$ the :ispaniola cat;s tail.!) Cthers are grown for their foliage and a number of
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acalypha&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioecyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioecyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acalypha&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houseplanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acalypha&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioecyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acalypha&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houseplanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliage


7/7

culti/ars ha/e been de/eloped$ such as A. wilkesiana ;Cbo/ata Aristata; and A. wilkesiana

;:offmannii;.3)

A. bipartita is eaten as a /egetable in some parts of %frica$ and it is used in bas*etryand as

animal fodder.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket_weavinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket_weavinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha#cite_note-11

Documents

3 Endangered Plant Species