3: Ecology

Natural Selection• Not all organisms are the same

(some are resistant to antibiotic, some might have longer fingers, some might have longer beaks)

• If the environment changes, the organism may be able to get more food than another organism

• That means it can reproduce more• For example

Natural Selection, continued

• If the food changes (invasive species, maybe?) the bird who has a beak that can get into the new flower can eat.

Natural selection

• Did the beak change because the environment changed?

• When will you see the change?• Over a LONG period of time.

Did you know?• Hummingbird stats:

• Can see UV light• They lap up nectar with their tongue, not by

sucking in thru “straw”• Heart rate=1260 bpm• Resting heart rate= 250 bpm• Respiration rate= 250 breathes/min• Mass= 2 to 20 grams (1cent=2 grams)

• Wings beat 70x sec, or 200 x/sec if diving

Use the cards to put the levels of organization in order

• Cell• Tissue• Organ• Organ system• Organism• Population• Community• Ecosystem• Biome • Biosphere

Abiotic

• Non-living factors (no DNA)• Light, temp, pH, space, gases

Biotic

• living factors, have DNA

Producer

• makes its own food using• Chloroplast (photosynthesis)

Consumer

• Eats for energy

Autotrophic

• producer • What does trophic mean?• energy

Heterotrophic

• Consumer

Population

• All of one type of organism in an area

Community

• All biotic organisms in an area

Food chain (bluck)

• Why are food chains not as good as food webs?

• Chains do not show as many interactions between organisms

• Create a food web using the

organisms on your sheet

Create an energy pyramid on your sheet, starting with algae•

Identify your 3°Consumer

• Make sure you got a teacher check

Review

• Identify the

• Producer

• 1° Consumer

• 2° consumer

• Decomposer

• Source of energy

If there are 1200 calories of energy in the algae, how

many are available to your 3°consumer?

• 1.2 calories

Where are the bacteria?

• Decomposers are written outside the Energy pyramid

• Name some other decomposers

Where’s the energy coming from to start the food web?

• Sun

What is this a sketch of?

• Secondary succession• How plant life changes over time• why is this secondary?• Started with soil

Lichens

• Combination of fungus and algae• Fungus gives algae a home• Algae gives fungus food

(photosynthesis)• They are Pioneer organism: first

organism that can live on and break down rock into soil

The pioneer organism

• In picture is grass• On rock would be lichen

The climax community

• Hardwood forest (depending on biome)

• What is biome?• Name some

What is this a graph of?

• Carrying capacity• Environment can only sustain a

certain population of each creature

3 abiotic factors that cycle the carrying capacity

• Amount of light• Amount of pollution• Temperature• Amount of rain, snow

3 biotic factors that cycle the carrying capacity

• Amount of food• # predators• Disease

Identify a possible population for line A

• Any prey (mouse, rabbit, grass)

Identify a possible population for line B

• Any predator of the prey in #25• Lion, hawk, owl, deer

Habitat

• What is it?• Where an organism lives• Fill in #27 (a) and (b)

Niche

• What is it?• Role an organism has (food for…,

pollinator,. Decomposer….)• Fill in your answers