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3. Earning a living. Jobs.haladóalapfokú nyelvvizsgaközépfokú nyelvvizsga

felsofokú nyelvvizsga1. What do you do for a living?2. Do you enjoy your work?3. Do you regard your job mainly as a way of earning money or the main method of

self-fulfilment?4. What qualities does your job require?5. What is the difference between full-time and part-time jobs?6. What is the difference between wages, salaries and fees?7. Which jobs are the most popular in Hungary nowadays?8. What are the reasons for their popularity?9.How do young people choose their careers?

10.Is it easier now or more difficult for school-Ieavers to decide what to do?

11. What part should schools play in helping young people to choose a career?12. What are your future plans?13. What do you consider the most important features of a job?14. How important is job satisfaction, and what does it consist of?15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working alone at home?16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in a team?17. What makes a good employer?18. What is a good employee like?19. Why do many women go out to work and not stay at home with their children

nowadays?20. Is there job discrimination in Hungary? If yes, against whom?21. Do people get equal pay for equal work?22. Are certain jobs considered to be for men or for women only?23. What sort of qualifications does someone need nowadays in order to get a good job?24. Is salary the most important factor when choosing a career?25. Do the best jobs depend on a good education?26. What reasons do people have for changing jobs?27. How can employees be motivated in their jobs?28. How can the employer-employee relationship be managed?29. Why do employees go on strike?30. What is your opinion about strikes?31. What are trade unions?32. What is a day-off, a pa id holiday and sick leave?33. Which do you prefer: flexitime or fixed hours?34. What would you do if you were in search of a job?35. Where are jobs advertised?36. How would you prepare for a job interview?37. What information does a ev contain?38. When do people retire in Hungary?39. What are the problems retired people have to cope with?40.Are there special facilities in Hungary for the welfare of the elderly, or is 1he family

mainly responsible for their welfare?

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Kérdések és válaszok angol nyelvbol Earning a living. Jobs.

€41. Is unemployment a big problem in Hungary?42. What are Jobcentres?43. Do you think in the future there will be enough work for everybody?44. Will people have shorter working hours in the future?45. Why do you think it is the dream of many young people to find work abroad?46. What are the advantages or disadvantages of working abroad?47. Do you think it is worthwhile for people over 40 to take part in retraining courses?48. Would you rather work for a private or a state firm?49. What fringe benefits do companies offer their employees?50. Do you think children are influenced by their parents' profession in any way when.

choosing their career?

1. I'm a shift leader in a factory but I'm studying economics as correspondent studentIat a university. I started the university because it is possible to get promoted with a €

degree.

2. I don't really enjoy being a secretary as I'd like more challenging tasks. Now my workis rather monotonous, I type letters, writc weekly and monthly reports, phone busi-ness partners and prepare all the documentation for meetings. It's not an easy taskto fulfil my boss's demands as he would like to be in the officc all day long, but mycolleagues are ali very nice with me.

3. Neither. Now I'm just trying to get as much experience as possible and to deal withdifferent fields so that later I could find a well-paying and challenging job.

4. I should be hardworking, reliable and flexible. As I work for a big multinational com-pany; it's not unusual that I have to do overtime, especially when we are working onan important project. Since we work in teams, it's essential for all the members to dotheir best, otherwise we work in vain and the project fails. We usually work with con-fidential material that we can't take home. If one of us gets ill or travels on business,we have to take over his or her tasks.

5. I think full-timejobs mean that you work eight hours a day.If you have a part-timejob, you work less, usually four or six hours a day.

6. Salaries are flXed month ly payments especially for professional employees or peopleworking in an office. Wages are usually paid weekly; according to the hours youwork. A fee is an amount of money you pay to a professional person or institution fortheir advice or services.

7.These days a lot of young people would like to become lawyers or economists, orthey would like to find a job in connectionwith computer science.

8. The main reason why these jobs are so popular is that they are well-paid. Most youngpeople would like to work for a big company and get a company car, a mobile phoneand a laptop, and where they can travel abroad on business.

9. There are some young people who choose a popular job, no matter whether they areinterested in that field or not. Others try to find work that suits their abilities andinterests. There are families where the parents tell their children what to become.

10. Nowadays it's easier to gain admission to an institution of higher education, but it'smore difficult to fmd a lucrative job after graduation. There are many more studentsin higher education than some years ago, so the job market is getting full.

11. In an ideal case, schools should let students concentrate on the field that suits thei,abilities and interests the most. They should provide them with the best possihkfacilities, such as libraries, and computer and language labs, so that they could gCIthe most recent information on any issue that they are interested in.

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Kérdések és válaszokangol nyelvbol Earning a living. J o bs.

€12.I'd like to be a vet because I like animals very much. My grandfather was a vet too,

and I often saw how he managed to cure animals. Last year I decided to study biol-ogy harder, and I would like to apply for the Veterinary University. After graduation,it's my dream to open a clinic in my hometown.

13. In my opinion, a good job must be chaIlenging and motivating. I would like to workwith people and help them. It's very important for me to enjoy what I do and be amember of a good team.

:l4.lt's not for me, but it seems to be for many other people. Of course, money is impor-Itant for me too, but there are other factors, like job satisfaction, that count more. €

:lS.Yes,of course. It's not only important to have a degree, but where you get it frommatters too.Thebetter reputation the institutionhas, the morevaluableyour degree is.

14. I think job satisfaction is one of the most important things at work. This means that.it's not enough to be good at what you do, but you should enjoy it as weIl.

15. If you work alone, you have more freedom and you don't depend on others. You candecide your own schedule, and you can stop other people from disturbing you bysimply tuming off the phone. It's a disadvantage, though, that you must solve alI yourproblems totally alone.

16. If you are a member of a team, you must constandy cooperate with others and adaptto their work style. On the other hand, you can share ideas, discuss problems andhelp each other.

17. He or she provides job security, good salary and fringe benefits, such as free healthinsurance, travel subsidies and sports facilities. A good employer constandy tries tomotivate the employees and creates ideal working conditions. He or she shouldorganise activities for the employees outside work, like sightseeing tours and eveningprogrammes.

18. A good employee is efficient, loyal to the employer and reliable. He or she has toadapt to changing work conditions and has to be able to cooperate with others.

19. Women have become more career-oriented. They don't have to stay at home and lookafter their children as there are creches and nursery schools. They can take care ofhousework more easily because there are labour-saving household devices. Anotherreason why they go to work is that the family needs the money.

20. I think that middle-aged and elderly people are at a disadvantage when they arelooking for a job because most companies advertise jobs for people under 35.

21.According to the law, women and men get the same salary for the same job, but asfar as I know, especiaIly in blue-coIlar jobs, women are paid less because they areconsidered weaker than men.

:l6.The most frequent reason is that an employee is made redundant and has to findanother job. He or she has to leave either because the firm goes bankrupt or closesdown, or because the employer is not satisfied with his or her work. There might befamily reasons as weIl. Some people have to change jobs becallse of their health.There are people who change for a better-paid job or a job with better benefits.Others change jobs just because their tasks have become monotonolls and they needa change.

:l7.They might be promoted or offered more money and benefits. They could be givenmore chaIlenging and rewarding tasks and more responsibility.

28. There must be regular discussions between the employer and the employees wherethey talk about alI aspects of work. They must feel free to share opinions concerningproblems, possible suggestions and solutions.

29. They strike if they are not satisfied with working conditions, the pay or job security.

30. I think they should be the last resort. Problems should be solved by other means, butstrikes sometimes seem inevitable.

31.Trade unions are organisations of workers protecting their interests or improvingworking conditions.

32. A day-off is a day when you don't have to work. Most people have two days off aweek, Saturday and Sunday, but it can also happen that you need a day-off duringthe week for some reason. Employees are entided to a certain number of days a yearas their paid holiday. In Hungary if you are ill, you go on sick leave and get less payfor that period.

33.I prefer flexitime because it makes it easier to organise my day. In my workplaceeverybodymust be in from 9 to 2 and it's up to us whether we start earlier or finishlater, but we have to work eight hours a day.

34.First I would ask my friends whether they know about vacancies.I would read jobadvertisements, surf the net and go to the Jobcentre. I would alsosend my ev andcover letter to fmns that might employme.

:l2.TrilditionaIly there are men's jobs and women's jobs. For example, turners are mosdymen, and kindergarten teachers are mosdy women.

:l:l.lf YOllwant to get a good job, you must have a degree and more than one languagec('rtil'icate.

35. Jobs are advertised in daily papers, magazines, professional journals, on the Interneland in Jobcentres.

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Kérdések és válaszokangol nyelvbol Earning a living. Jobs.

€36. First I would collect ali kinds of information about the firm and its activities. Then I

would think over the possible questions of the interviewers and my responses.'18.lt's difficult to decide as both have advantages and disadvantages. I think private I€firms might offer a higher salary but job security is better in state firms.

37.A ev contains personal details, such as the candidate's name, address, phone num-ber, nationality, date of birth, and marital status. You must give details of your edu-cation and qualifications, your previous experience, your language and other skills.You may also inelude a list of your interests. It's advisable to add names of peoplewho can provide references.

'19.Companies can offer free health insurance, luncheon vouchers, a company car, travelsubsidies, free summer camps for the children of the employees, holiday vouchers,and use of sports facilities.

38. In Hungary the usual retirement age is 60 for women and 62 for men, but it depends'on what their jobs are.

SO.It depends on whether the parents were successful in choosing their own careers ornot. If children see that their parents enjoy their work and are satisfied with it, theymight choose it as their own career.

39.They might have health or financial problems, and there are some pensioners whoare simplybored or lonely.

40. In Hungary usually the families look after the elderly: they either visit them regularlyand do the shopping, cook for them and eIean their flats, or the elderly person moves tothe home of the family and stays with them. There are aIso homes for the elderly wherethey get everything they need and there are doctors and nurses to look after them.

41.Fortunately it's not as big a problem as in some Western European countries,although there are certain regions where the rate of unemploymentis rather high.

42. Jobcentres are offices run by the govemment where people can get advice and helpconcerning finding work and where jobs are advertised.

43. I'm a little sceptical about it. As there are more and more modem and efficientmachines in industry, fewer people are needed in production. The service market isgetting full, so people won't find jobs in services either. People working in part-timejobs instead of full-time jobs is a possible solution.

44. Tosolve the problem of unemployment, employing people in part-time jobs is a way out.

45. In my opinion, they think that their life will be easier and more interesting there.They also hope to earn much more money than in Hungary,but they might not con-sider that life is more expensive abroad.

46. The advantages of working abroad are that you can learn the local language, get toknow interesting people, and acquire the most recent technologies. Probably youearn more, although your expenditures can be higher too. The disadvantages includethat you might feel like an outsider, have language problems and find the peoplearound you and their customs strange. You might often feellonely as you are far fromyour family and friends.

'17.1think they simply can't give up and must try something. Completinga retrainingcoursc givesthem a possibilityto find a job more easily.

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Kérdések és válaszok angol nyelvbol Earning a living. Jobs.

€ I officehours'ofls,auaz fogadóóra Ihe cost of living Oa ,kost av 'IIVII) megélhetésiköltségek I€working hours 'w3:kll) ,auaz munkaido p..id holidays ,peld 'holIdelz fizetett szabadság

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with one's work WIOWAnz w3:k net! gross earnings 'net I 'graus ,3:ml)s nettó/bruttó jövedelemmake (made, made) up melk (meld, meld) APfo: behozza a lemaradást social security ,sau JI sl'kjuaratl társadalombiztosítási

for lost time lost 181m contribution kontn,bju:In hozzájárulásemploy Im'pl1 foglalkoztat, alkalmaz pension contribution 'penIn kontn,bju:In nyugdíjjárulékemployer Im'plla munkaadó deduction dl'dAkIn levonásemployee ,lm'plli: alkalmazott manual worker/ 'mrenjual ,w3:ka I blu: fizikai munkáscolleague 'koli:g kolléga blue-collar worker ,kola ,w3:kaapply for a job a'plal fo: a d30b jelentkezik egy állásra white-collar worker walt ,kola 'w3:ka szellemi munkát végzoapplicant/candidate 'repllkant 1 'krendl,delt pályázó, jelölt skilled worker ,skIId 'w3:ka szakmunkáscall up for an interview k:1 APfo: an 'lntavju: elbeszélgetésre hív semi-skilled worker ,semi'sklld 'w3:ka betanított munkásappoint a'pmnt kinevez unskilled worker An,sklld 'w3:ka segédmunkástake (took, taken) up a telk (tuk, 'telkan) APa állást elfoglal retraining ,ri:'trelml) továbbképzés, átképzés

post paust profession pra'feIn hivatáspromote pra'maut eloléptet job d30b foglalkozásresign n'zarn lemond t career ka'na életpálya, karrierretire n'tala nyugdíjba megy

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off/make (made, made) melk (meld, meld) responsibility n,sponsa'bllatJ felelosség, feladatkör. sy redundant/ n'dAndant a job of high responsibility a d30b av hal felelosségteljes munkaworkido (did, done) over- w3:k 1 du: (did, dAn) túlórázik n,sponsa'bllatJ

time 'auva,18lm do (did, done) shift work du: (did, dAn)Ilft w3:k több muszakbanbe on the dole (GB) bi: on Oa daul munkanélküli segélybol él dolgozikbe on strike bi: on stralk sztrájkol enterprise 'enta,pralz vállalkozásflexible working 'IIeksabi w3:kll) auaz 1 kötetlen munkaido enterpreneur ,ontrapra'n3: vállalkozó

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