3-Cloud Computing

8/7/2019 3-Cloud Computing

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M.Mahesh Reddy.

Presentation By,


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Abstract

y In this presentation we are going to know about whatis a cloud computing and about its history.

y The characteristics it derives and the key features ofcloud computing.

y More over the architecture and the layered structure ofcloud computing.


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Introductiony Cloud computing is location-independent

computing, whereby shared servers provide resources,

software, and data to computers and other devices ondemand, as with the electricity grid.

y Cloud computing is a natural evolution of thewidespread adoption ofvirtualization, service-

oriented architecture and utility computing. Detailsare abstracted from consumers, who no longer haveneed for expertise in, or control over, the technologyinfrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.


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What actually it provides.?

y Cloud computing describes a new supplement,

consumption, and delivery model for IT services basedon the Internet, and it typically involves over-the-Internet provision of dynamically scalable and often

virtualized resources.

yIt is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-accessto remote computing sites provided by the Internet.


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National Institute of Standards and

Technology(NIST) Definition for Cloud Computing

y The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for theInternet, based on the cloud drawing used in the past

to represent the telephone network,[7]

and later todepict the Internet in computer network diagrams asan abstraction of the underlying infrastructure itrepresents.

y

Typical cloud computing providers deliver commonbusiness applications online that are accessed fromanother Web service or software like aWeb browser,

while the software and data are stored on servers.


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Historyy The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephonyin

that telecommunications companies.

y The first scholarly use of the term cloud computingwas in a 1997 lecture by Ramnath Chellappa.

yAmazon played a key role in the development of cloudcomputing by modernizing their data centers after the

dot-com bubble.y In 2007, Google, IBM and a number of universities

embarked on a large scale cloud computing researchproject.


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Derives Characteristics from,1. Autonomic computing "computer systems capable

ofself-management"

2. Clientserver model clientserver computing refersbroadly to anydistributed application thatdistinguishes between service providers (servers)and service requesters (clients)

3. Grid computing "a form ofdistributed computing

and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtualcomputer' is composed of a cluster of networked,loosely coupled computers acting in concert toperform very large tasks"


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4. Mainframe computer powerful computers used mainly by

large organizations for critical applications, typically bulkdata-processing such as census, industry and consumerstatistics, enterprise resource planning, and financialtransaction processing.[12]

5. Utility computing the "packaging ofcomputing resources,

such as computation and storage, as a metered service similarto a traditional public utility, such as electricity";[13]

6. Peer-to-peer distributed architecture without the need forcentral coordination, with participants being at the same timeboth suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to thetraditional clientserver model)

7. Service-oriented computing Cloud computing providesservices related to computing while, in a reciprocal manner,service-oriented computing consists of the computingtechniques that operate on software-as-a-service.


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Economics

y Cloud computing users avoid capital expenditure(CapEx) on hardware, software, and services whenthey pay a provider only for what they use.

y Consumption is usually billed on a utility(resourcesconsumed, like electricity) or subscription (time-based, like a newspaper) basis with little or no upfrontcost.

y Other benefits of this approach are low barriers toentry, shared infrastructure and costs, lowmanagement overhead, and immediate access to abroad range of applications.


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Architecturey The systems architecture of the software systems

involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typicallyinvolves multiple cloud components communicating

with each other over application programminginterfaces, usuallyweb services and 3-tier architecture.

y This resembles the Unix philosophyof having multipleprograms each doing one thing well and working

together over universal interfaces. Complexity iscontrolled and the resulting systems are moremanageable than their monolithic counterparts.


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Front end

This includes the clients network(or computer) and the applicationsused to access the cloud via a userinterface such as a web browser.

Back endcomprising various computers,servers and data storage devices.


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Key featuresy Agilityimproves with users' ability to rapidly and

inexpensively re-provision technological infrastructureresources.

y Application Programming Interface (API) accessibility

to software that enables machines to interact with cloudsoftware in the same way the user interface facilitatesinteraction between humans and computers. CloudComputing systems typically use REST-based APIs.

y Device and location independence enable users to

access systems using a web browser regardless of theirlocation or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile). Asinfrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connectfrom anywhere.


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y Reliabilityis improved if multiple redundant sites are used,

which makes well designed cloud computing suitable forbusiness continuityand disaster recovery.Nonetheless, manymajor cloud computing services have suffered outages, andIT and business managers can at times do little when they

are affected.y Scalabilityvia dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of

resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time,without users having to engineer for peak loads.Performance is monitored, and consistent and loosely

coupled architectures are constructed usingweb services asthe system interface.One of the most important newmethods for overcoming performance bottlenecks for a largeclass of applications is data parallel programming on a

distributed data grid.


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y Securitycould improve due to centralization of data,

increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns canpersist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, andthe lack of security for stored kernels.Security is often asgood as or better than under traditional systems, in partbecause providers are able to devote resources to solvingsecurity issues that many customers cannot

afford.Providers typically log accesses, but accessing theaudit logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.Furthermore, the complexity of security is greatlyincreased when data is distributed over a wider area and /or number of devices.

y Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier,since they don't have to be installed on each user's

computer. They are easier to support and to improve sincethe changes reach the clients instantly.


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Layers

yClientAcloud client consists ofcomputer hardware and/orcomputer software that relies on cloud computing for

application delivery, or that is specifically designed fordelivery of cloud services and that, in either case, isessentially useless without it. Examples include somecomputers, phones and other devices, operating

systems and browsers.


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y

Platform

Cloud platform services or "Platform as a Service(PaaS)" deliver a computing platform and/or solution

stack as a service, often consuming cloudinfrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.Itfacilitates deployment of applications without the costand complexity of buying and managing theunderlying hardware and software layers.


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y

InfrastructureCloud infrastructure services, also known as"Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)", delivers computerinfrastructure - typically a platform virtualizationenvironment - as a service. Rather than purchasing servers,software, data-center space or network equipment, clientsinstead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service.Suppliers typically bill such services on a utility computingbasis and amount of resources consumed (and therefore

the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity. IaaSevolved fromvirtual private server offerings.


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yServer

The servers layer consists ofcomputer hardware and/or

computer software products that are specifically designedfor the delivery of cloud services, including multi-coreprocessors, cloud-specific operating systems and combinedofferings.


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Cloud storage

y Cloud storage is a model of networked computer datastoragewhere data is stored on multiple virtual servers,generally hosted by third parties, rather than being hostedon dedicated servers.

y Hosting companies operate large data centers; and peoplewho require their data to be hosted buy or lease storagecapacity from them and use it for their storage needs.

y The data center operators, in the background,virtualize the

resources according to the requirements of the customerand expose them as virtual servers, which the customerscan themselves manage. Physically, the resource may spanacross multiple servers.

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3-Cloud Computing