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CE 100: CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING

SOLID

O JECT

Shaika SharkiaLecturer, Department of Civil Engineering

University of Asia Pacific (UAP), Dhaka

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CHAPTER

2

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WHAT IS SOLID?

An object having three dimensions, i.e., length,breadth and height or thickness is called a

SOLID

.

LENGTH

HEIGHT

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WHAT IS FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW?

To represent a solid in the orthographic projection, at

least two views are necessary; one view to representlength and height, called

FRONT VIEW

and the other

view to represent length and breadth, called TOP VIEW.

LENGTH

HEIGHT

FRONT VIEW

LENGTH

BREADTH

TOP VIEW

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Draw Front and Top view for the following object.

5 cm

10cm

FRONT VIEW

5 cm

4cm

TOP VIEW

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POLYHEDRON

The solid which is bounded by plane surfaces

or faces is called Polyhedron. The polyhedra

are further sub-divided into three groups:

Regular PolyhedraPrisms

Pyramids

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REGULAR POLYHEDRA

A polyhedron is regular if each of its plane surfaces isa Regular Polygon. The regular plane surfaces which

form the surfaces of the polyhedra are calledFaces

.

The lines at which two faces intersect are called

Edges.

Tetrahedron

Edges

Face

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TYPES OF POLYHEDRA

The Threeimportant regular polyhedra are:

Tetrahedron ----- 4 equal regular squares

Cube or Hexahedron --- 6 equal regular squares

Octahedron --- 8 equal equilateral triangles

Tetrahedron Cube or Hexahedron Octahedron

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A solid figure whose bases or ends have the same size and

shape and are parallel to one another, and each of whose sides

is a parallelogram

WHAT IS PRISM?

Pentagonal Prism Hexagonal Prism Triangular Prism

Triangular Prism Pentagonal Prism Hexagonal Prism Rectangular Prism

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Top Face

Axis

Bottom Face

(Base)

Longer edge

Rectangular

Face

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A massive monument of ancient Egypt having a rectangular base and four

triangular faces culminating in a single apex, built over or around a crypt or tomb

PYRAMID

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A solid figure with a polygonal base and triangular

faces that meet at a common point

WHAT IS PYRAMID?

Square Pyramid Pentagonal PyramidHexagonal Pyramid

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Apex or vertex

Axis

Base

Slant Edges

Triangular

Faces

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FRUSTUM TRUNCATED

When a pyramid or a cone is cut by a

cutting plane parallel to its base, the

remaining portion thus obtained after

removing the top portion is called the

Frustum

.

When a solid (prism/cylinder/pyramid/cone)

is cut by a cutting plane inclined to its base

(not parallel), the remaining portion thus

obtained after removing the top portion is

called theTruncated Solid

.

Fig: Frustum

Fig: Truncated Cone

Fig: Truncated Pyramid

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Waist Slab

Landing

Tread

Riser

TYPICAL SECTION OF A STAIR

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hank You