3 ABAP 4 6 Basic Functions

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ABAP Basic Functions3-ABAP 4_6 Basic Functions.1This is PricewaterhouseCoopersPROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.

You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material toother employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.


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List of Topics

Objectives

Terminology and GUI Enhancements

ABAP Editor/Debugger

Internal Table Types

Open SQL Enhancements

Runtime Errors


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Module Map

Objectives





Runtime Errors


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Module Map

Objectives





Runtime Errors


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Release 3.0 Release 4.6

Terminology Changes

ABAP/4 Development

Workbench

Object Browser

ABAP/4 Editor

ABAP/4 Dictionary

ABAP/4 Query

Function Library

Field Strings

ABAP Workbench

Object Navigator

ABAP Editor

ABAP Dictionary

ABAP Query

Function Builder

Program Structures


7/38ABAP Basic Functions3-ABAP 4_6 Basic Functions.7This is PricewaterhouseCoopersPROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.


Refresh

Object List

Favorites

Close

Browser

Object

Menu

Workbench GUI Enhancements




Module Map

Objectives





Runtime Errors




ABAP Workbench Enhancements

As of release 4.6 the enjoyABAP Workbench isavailable Redesigned with an

emphasis on usability,

and simplified navigation

The following tools aredisplayed within the workarea: ABAP Dictionary Class Builder ABAP Editor Function Builder Screen Painter Menu Painter Text Element

Maintenance




ABAP Editor Enhancements

As of release 4.0 the following settings are available in the

Settings menu of the ABAP Editor: Compress/decompress code blocks Setting case of code to KEYWORD LARGE The Edit Locally option




Edit Control Mode

As of release 4.6 the Edit Control Mode allows for editing

in the front-end using the ABAP Editor

ABAP source code is transferred to the front-end for

editing

Edit Control mode can be used to maintain the following

objects: ABAP programs (ABAP Editor) Method implementations (Class Builder) Function module source code (Function Builder) Screen flow logic (Screen Painter) Type groups (ABAP Dictionary)




Single

Step

Continue

Next Page

Execute

Debugger GUI Enhancements




Create Watchpoint

Debugger

New functions have been added to the debugger in release 4.0

making it easier to use




Breakpoints

Breakpoints

By clicking on the Breakpoints pushbutton, a scrollable display

of the breakpoints defined in the program is displayed

Can set up to 30 breakpoints




Watchpoints

Watchpoint processing in the debugger has been significantly

improved

It is now possible to define multiple watchpoints, attach

conditions to them and link two or more watchpoints using a

relational operator




Modification Assistant

The Modification Assistant offers support in the following

areas: Customizing Personalization

Customer exits Customer developments

These tools are all supported by corresponding

tools such as the IMG, Business Add-Ins,

transaction CMOD and the development

environment

Modifications made to those ABAP Workbench objects

not supported by the Modification Assistant are logged

and displayed in an overview


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This is PricewaterhouseCoopersPROPRIETARY MATERIAL (hereafter, the Material) intended for internal use only.You may not rent, lease or distribute the Material to clients or other third parties, but you may transfer the Material to

other employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Module Map

Objectives





Runtime Errors





Summary of Changes

In previous releases there was only one type of internal

table

As of release 4.6 there are three types of internal tables

Standard Sorted Hashed

The type of table used determines the way in which the

entries in the table are accessed by the system





Table Types

Standard tables are the same tables available in release

3.x The time for key access to entries is in linear relation

to the number of entries in the table

Sorted tables are ones that are always sorted correctly The time for key access to entries is in logarithmic

relation to the number of entries in the table

Hashed tables contain records that all have a unique key The time for key access to entries is constant

regardless of the number of entries in the table. Key access can only be used to read entries in a

hashed table Index operations are not allowed





Line Type

Key Sequence

Uniqueness Attribute

Index Access

Key Access

UA 0007)

Properties of Internal Tables





Table Types

Uniqueness UNIQUE| NON-UNIQUE UNIQUE

Access Time

For n Entries

PredominantlyKey

NON-UNIQUE

PredominantlyIndex

Remains Constant

(O(1))

Key Only

Increases Logarithmically

(O(log(n))Increases Linearly

(O(n))

Hash FunctionBinary SrchTable Scan

Access Using

Key Access

HashedSortedStandard


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DATA: TYPE HASHED TABLE of WITH [UNIQUE | NON-UNIQUE] [INITIAL SIZE ] [WITH HEADER LINE].

REPORT TYPES: BEGIN OF line_type,

f1, f2,END OF line_type.

DATA: tab1 TYPE HASHED TABLE OF line_type WITH UNIQUE KEY f1WITH HEADER LINE.

tab1-f1 = Y. Tab1-f2 = 1. INSERT TABLE tab1.tab1-f1 = X. Tab1-f2 = 1. INSERT TABLE tab1.tab1-f1 = A. Tab1-f2 = 1. INSERT TABLE tab1.

READ TABLE tab1 WITH TABLE KEY f1 = A.

SORT tab1 by f1.LOOP AT tab1.WRITE:/ tab1-f1, tab1-f2.

ENDLOOP.

Hashed Table Example


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TYPES: BEGIN OF line_type,f1, f2, f3,

END OF line_type.

DATA: tab1 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF line_type WITH KEY f1 f2,wa type line_type.

wa-f1 = 'B'.wa-f2 = '5'.wa-f3 = '12.45'.

READ TABLE tab1 FROM wa INTO wa.READ TABLE tab1 WITH TABLE KEY f1 = 'B'

f2 = '5' INTO wa.

WA before read

WA after read

Work area WA

Internal Table tab1

Using the Key in the READStatement


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Summary of Internal TableOperations


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Ranges Table Types


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Module Map

Objectives





Runtime Errors


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SELECT INTO FROM AS INNER JOIN AS ON ~ = ~AND ~ = ~AND

WHERE ENDSELECT.

REPORT SELECT t1~carrid t1~connid t2~customid INTO (carrid, connid, custid)FROM sflight AS t1INNER JOIN sbook AS t2

ON t1~carrid = t2~carridWHERE t1~connid = t2~connidAND t1~fldate = t2~fldate.WRITE:/ carrid, connid, custid

ENDSELECT.

Inner Join


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SELECT INTO FROM AS LEFT OUTER JOIN AS ON ~ = ~AND ~ = ~AND

WHERE ENDSELECT.

REPORT SELECT t1~carrid t1~connid t2~customid INTO (carrid, connid, custid)FROM sflight AS t1LEFT OUTER JOIN sbook AS t2

ON t1~carrid = t2~carridWHERE t1~connid = t2~connidAND t1~fldate = t2~fldate.WRITE:/ carrid, connid, custid

ENDSELECT.

Left Outer Join


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SELECT INTO FROM

WHERE = GROUP BY HAVING

ENDSELECT.

REPORT SELECT connid count(*) SUM( luggweight )

INTO (connid, counter, luggweight) FROM sbookWHERE carrid = LH AND fldate = 19991231GROUP BY connid.

IF luggweight > 100WRITE:/ connid, counter, luggweight.

ENDIF.

ENDSELECT.

SELECT connid count(*) SUM( luggweight )INTO (connid, counter, luggweight) FROM sbookWHERE carrid = LH AND fldate = 19971129GROUP BY connid.HAVING SUM( luggweight ) > 100.

WRITE:/ connid, counter, luggweight.

ENDSELECT.

Having Clause


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SELECT INTO FROM AS

WHERE IN( SELECT FROM

WHERE = ~ )

ENDSELECT.

Sub-Select Clause

Sub-queries were introduced in release 4.0 to provide a more

efficient method of performing complex select statements

Select records at database layer Data transferred to program is significantly reduced


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Module Map

Objectives





Runtime Errors


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CATCH Keyword

As of release 4.0 the CATCH keyword is available for

processing runtime errors

The CATCHENDCATCH block allows the programmer

to catch ABAP runtime errors and assign these to a SY-SUBRC

This functionality allows errors to be reported in a

controlled manner (rather than a short dump)


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DATA: int type I,

char(3) type C value ABC.

[..]

CATCH SYSTEM-EXCEPTIONS

CONVERSION_ERRORS = 1.

[..]

MOVE char TO int. MOVE keyword to trigger CATCH

[..]ENDCATCH.

IF SY-SUBRC = 1.

WRITE: / Conversion error has occurred.

ENDIF.

CATCH Keyword

To code the first part of a CATCHENDCATCH block it is necessary to codeCATCH SYSTEM - EXCEPTIONS and specify one of the following: Error Class Specific error ID OTHERS, which traps all catchable runtime errors


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Module Review

Objectives





Runtime Errors

Documents

3 ABAP 4 6 Basic Functions