3-29-16 Energy Resources Program - Expanding Renewable Energy and Maintaining Grid Reliability

8/18/2019 3-29-16 Energy Resources Program - Expanding Renewable Energy and Maintaining Grid Reliability

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/3-29-16-energy-resources-program-expanding-renewable-energy-and-maintaining 1/179

HKB Hmhrcy [hseurbhs _recr`d

Qjh Bj`nnhmchs el Hxp`mafmc [hmHmhrcy `ma D`fmt`fmfmc Crfa [hn

Hmvfremdhmt n Kusfmhss Beumbfn el Mhw Hmcn`maHmhrcy Hmvfremdhmt Hbemedy



Shnbedh

Gejm Sàswertj

Bj`fr, HKB Hmhrcy [hseurbhs Bedd

_`rtmhr, Krewm [uamfbi NN_




Fmtreaubtfem

Dfbj`hn Hrmst_recr`d Bj`fr & Deahr`ter

Hxhbutfvh @avfser_ewhr @avfsery NNB




Rthpjhm G. [eurih

\fbh _rhsfahmt, Rysthds _n`mmfmFRE Mhw Hmcn`ma

Dhhtfmc [hmhw`knh Hmhrcy Q`Sjfnh Hmsurfmc Crfa [hnf`kf




FRE-MH _XKNFB

D @ [ B J ; 6

R\ F B H _ [ H R F A

Hmvfremdhmt`n Kusfmhss Beumbfn el Mhw Hmcn`ma

Fmthcr`tfmc \`rf`knh Hmhrcy [hsMhw Hmcn`ma



FRE-MH _XKNFB

_rhshmt`tfem Qepfbs

• Qjh renh el FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma

• [`pfa tr`mslerd`tfem el tjh

rhseurbh dfx, `ma ihy arfvhrs

• Sj`t‖s em tjh jerfzem ler mhw

rhseurbhs ‒ em tjh crfa, `ma

khjfma tjh dhthr



FRE-MH _XKNFB

FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma (FRE) J`s Qwe Ahbàhs el

Hxphrfhmbh Evhrshhfmc tjh [hcfem‖s [hstrubturha

Hnhbtrfb _ewhr Rysthd

• [hcun`tha ky tjh Lhahr`nHmhrcy [hcun`teryBeddfssfem

• [hnf`kfnfty Beerafm`ter ma_n`mmfmc Beerafm`ter lerMhw Hmcn`ma umahr tjh Mertj@dhrfb`m Hnhbtrfb [hnf`kfnftyBerper`tfem

• Fmahphmahmt el bedp`mfhs fmtjh d`rihtpn`bh `ma mhutr`nem thbjmenecy



FRE-MH _XKNFB

[hnf`kfnfty Fs tjh Berh el FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma‖s Dfssfem Lunlfnnha ky tjrhh fmthrbemmhbtha `ma fmthrahphmahmt rhspemsfkfnftfhs

Evhrshhfmc tjh a`y-te-a`y

ephr`tfem el Mhw Hmcn`ma‖s

hnhbtrfb pewhr chmhr`tfem`ma tr`msdfssfem systhd

Ahvhnepfmc ma

àdfmfsthrfmc tjh

rhcfem‖s bedphtftfvh

wjenhs`nh hnhbtrfbfty

d`rihts

D`m`cfmc

bedprhjhmsfvh

rhcfem`n pewhr

systhd pn`mmfmc



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Mhw Hmcn`ma J`s Rhhm Ar`d`tfb Bj`mchs fm tjh

Hmhrcy Dfx7 Lred Be`n `ma Efn te M`tur`n C`s

20%

;;%0:%

08% 02%;%

2?%

;% 1%

16%

08%0%

Mubnh`r Efn Be`n M`tur`n C`s Jyare

`ma Etjhr…

_udpha

Rter`ch

;???

_hrbhmt el Qet`n Hnhbtrfb Hmhrcy _reaubtfem ky Luhn Qyph

(;??? vs. ;?08)

Reurbh7 FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma Mht Hmhrcy ma _hì Neà ky Reurbh

Etjhr rhmhw`knhs fmbnuah n`malfnn c`s, kfed`ss, etjhr kfed`ss c`s, wfma, sen`r, dumfbfp`n senfa w`sth, ma dfsbhnn`mheus luhns

http://www.iso-ne.com/isoexpress/web/reports/load-and-demand/-/tree/net-ener-peak-load

http://www.iso-ne.com/isoexpress/web/reports/load-and-demand/-/tree/net-ener-peak-load



FRE-MH _XKNFB

_ewhr _n`mt Hdfssfems J`vh Ahbnfmha wftj

Bj`mchs fm tjh Luhn Dfx

Vh`r MEx RE; BE;

;??0 86.32 ;??.?0 8;,

;?01 ;?.16 00.<: 26,

% [haubtfem,

;??0 ‒;?01<<% 61% ;<%

Vh`r MEx RE; BE;

0666 0.2< 1.8; 0,??6

;?01 ?.2: ?.;; 3;

% [haubtfem,

0666 ‒;?013;% 68% ;:%

Reurbh7 ;?01 FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma Hnhbtrfb Chmhr`ter @fr Hdfssfems [hpert, G`mu`ry ;?0<

[haubtfem fm @ccrhc`th Hdfssfems (items/yr)

[haubtfem fm @vhr`ch Hdfssfem [`ths (nk/DSj)

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/01/2014_emissions_report.pdf

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/01/2014_emissions_report.pdf



FRE-MH _XKNFB

M`tur`n C`s Fs tjh Aedfm`mt Luhn Reurbh ler Mhw

Chmhr`tfmc B`p`bfty fm Mhw Hmcn`ma

Meth7 Mhw chmhr`tfmc b`p`bfty ler yh`rs ;?0< ‒ ;?06 fmbnuahs rhseurbhs bnh`rfmc fm rhbhmt Lerw`ra B`p`bfty @ubtfems

Budun`tfvh Mhw Chmhr`tfmc B`p`bfty fm Mhw Hmcn`ma

(DS)



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Derh Qj`m 1,;?? DS el Mem-C`s Chmhr`tfem J`vh

[hbhmtny [htfrha er @mmeumbha _n`ms te [htfrh

2,;??<,???

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fahmtflfha

;: chmhr`ters "`t rfsi" ler

rhtfrhdhmt

(afa met fmbnuah mubnh`r)

[htfrha ;?02 ‒ ;?08

`mmeumbha rhtfrhdhm

tjreucj tjh LBD

ler ;?0< `ma khyem

D h c ` w ` t t s ( D S ) :,2??

prfd`rfny

efn, be`n

`ma

mubnh`r

efn, be`n

`ma

mubnh`r

Derh tj`m ;8% el tjh

chmhr`tfmc lnhht fs

„`t rfsi— ler rhtfrhdhmt

Fm emh yh`r (;?01)

0?% el tjh lnhht

`mmeumbha pn`ms te

rhtfrh ky ;?03

(LB@ #: ‒ 2,028 DS)

D`ger [ht

R`nhd

\hrdem

Merw`ni

Kr`yteDeum

_fncrfd



FRE-MH _XKNFB

0?% 00% 0;.8%

08%

;?%86%*

DH MJ [F D@ BQ \Q

Rt`th [hmhw`knh _ertlenfe

Rt`ma`ra ([_R) ler Bn`ss F er

Mhw [hmhw`knh Hmhrcy ky

;?;? 38% -

:?%:?%

:8%:?% :?%

3

DH* MJ [F D@ BQ* \

_hrbhmt [haubtfem elCrhhmjeush C`s (CJC)

* Bemmhbtfbut‖s ce`n fs tfha te ;??0 nhvhns. D`fmh‖s ce`n fs tfha te* \hrdemt‖s st`ma`ra rhbecmfzhs nn lerds el rhmhw`knh hmhrcy,

`ma fs umfquh fm bn`ssflyfmc n`rch-sb`nh jyare s rhmhw`knh.

Rt`ths J`vh Rht Ce`ns te Fmbrh`sh [hmhw`knh Hmhrcy

`ma [haubh Crhhmjeush C`s Hdfssfems



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Hnhbtrfb Crfa Sfnn Neei \hry Afllhrhmt fm 8 te 0? Vh`rs

„Jykrfa— crfa wftj crfa -bemmhbtha ma afstrfkutha rhseurbhs, ma

bemtfmuha sjflt tew`ra m`tur`n c`s ma rhmhw`knh hmhrcy



FRE-MH _XKNFB

• Qjh FRE fahmtflfha zemhs wftj up te 0;,???

DS el emsjerh `ma ellsjerh wfma

pethmtf`n fm ;??6 stuay ler tjh Mhw

Hmcn`ma Cevhrmers

• Derh tj`m 1,??? DS rh burrhmtny

prepesha, destny fm mertjhrm Mhw Hmcn`ma

• Qr`msdfssfem weuna kh rhqufrha te bemmhbt

pethmtf`n wfma rhseurbhs te neà bhmthrs

• Mhw Hmcn`ma t`rfll strubturh neeis te tjh

wjenhs`nh pewhr d`rihts te `ttr`bt mhw

rhseurbhs9 mhw rhseurbhs `rh rhspemsfknhler lumafmc tjhfr fmthrbemmhbtfem te tjh

tr`msdfssfem mhtweri

• Embh fmthrbemmhbtha, rhseurbhs j`vh ephm

`bbhss te tjh Mhw Hmcn`ma rhcfem`n

mhtweri, `ma bedphth ler ush el tjh

mhtweri k`sha em tjhfr hmhrcy ellhr prfbh

Mhw Hmcn`ma J`s Rfcmflfb`mt Sfma _ethmtf`n, Kut

[hseurbhs @rh [hdeth lred Neà Bhmthrs

Reurbh7 FRE Chmhr`ter Fmthrbemmhbtfem Puhuh (G`mu`ry ;?

LH[B Gurfsafbtfem`n _repes`ns Emny



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Qr`msdfssfem Ahvhnephrs @rh _repesfmc te Devh

[hmhw`knh Hmhrcy te Mhw Hmcn`ma Neà Bhmthrs

Reurbh7 FRE Fmthrbemmhbtfem Puhuh (G`mu`ry ;?0<)

jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/systhd-pn`mmfmc/tr`msdfssfem-pn`mmfmc/fmthrbemmhbtfem-rhquhst-quhuh

[hprhshmt`tfvh el tjh typhs el preghbts

`mmeumbha ler tjh rhcfem fm rhbhmt yh`rs

• @s el G`mu`ry 0, ;?0<, hnhvhm hnh

tr`msdfssfem preghbts jà khhm

prepesha fm tjh FRE FmthrbemmhbPuhuh, tet`nfmc derh tj`m 3,???

el pethmtf`n tr`mslhr b`p`kfnfty

‒ _rfd`rfny n`rch-sb`nh jyare

rhseurbhs lred h`sthrm B`m`

`ma wfma rhseurbhs lred mer

Mhw Hmcn`ma ma Mhw Veri

• Redh el tjhsh preghbts rh p`rtfbfp

fm tjh BQ, D@, [F Bnh`m Hmhrcy [L_

• Qjhsh preghbts shhi te àarhss pu

penfby ce`ns, met rhnf`kfnfty mhhas9 k

beuna kh l`bter fm pn`mmfmc ler pu

penfby umahr LH[B Erahr 0???

http://www.iso-ne.com/system-planning/transmission-planning/interconnection-request-queue














FRE-MH _XKNFB

• Evhr tjh p`st yh`r, leur

k`tthry ster`ch preghbtstet`nfmc `ndest 08? DS el

b`p`bfty `ppnfha ler

fmthrbemmhbtfem te tjh

rhcfem`n pewhr systhd

• Mhw Hmcn`ma j`s crh`tny

khmhlftha lred hmhrcy

ster`ch b`p`kfnftfhs ler

derh tj`m 1? yh`rs

Mhw Hmhrcy Rter`ch Fs Hdhrcfmc fm tjh FRE Chmhr`te

Fmthrbemmhbtfem Rtuay Puhuh



FRE-MH _XKNFB

[hcfem J`s Rubbhsslunny Xtfnfzha _udpha-Rter`ch

Jyare `ma Lnywjhhn Qhbjmenecfhs ler Hmhrcy Rter`ch

• Fm Mhw Hmcn`ma, tjh prhaedfm`mt

crfa-sb`nh hmhrcy ster`ch fs fm tjh

lerd el pudpha-ster`ch jyare

‒ Qwe n`rch l`bfnftfhs kufnt fm tjh 063?s

b`m suppny `ndest ;,??? DS el

b`p`bfty wftjfm 0? dfmuths

‒ Fmftf`nny ahvhnepha te prevfah l`st-

rhspemsh b`p`kfnfty fm tjh hvhmt tj`t `

mubnh`r pewhr pn`mt trfppha ellnfmh

• Lred ;??: tjreucj ;?08, ` lnywjhhn systhd prevfaha

rhcun`tfem shrvfbh fm ` pfnet precr`d jhnpfmc k`n`mbh tjh

fmst`mt`mheus ahd`ma el tjh rhcfem`n kuni pewhr systhd



FRE-MH _XKNFB

FRE _`phr Hxpn`fms Jew Hmhrcy Rter`ch B`m

_`rtfbfp`th fm tjh Sjenhs`nh Hnhbtrfbfty D`rihts

Rhh7 jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-`sshts/aebudhmts/;?0</?0/lfm`nUster`chUnhtthrUbevhrUp`

• Eppertumftfhs hxfst ler

v`rfeus typhs el ster`ch tep`rtfbfp`th fm tjh hmhrcy,

b`p`bfty, rhshrvh, `ma

rhcun`tfem d`rihts

• Hmhrcy ster`ch fs umfquh

khbùsh d`my el tjhsh

thbjmenecfhs b`m ephr`th

ketj `s ` suppny rhseurbh

`ma ` neà rhseurbh

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/01/final_storage_letter_cover_paper.pdf









FRE-MH _XKNFB

Mhw Hmcn`ma J`s Rhhm Rfcmflfb`mt Crewtj fm Ren`r

_jetevent`fb (_\) [hseurbhs

• Ren`r _\ fmst`nn`tfems `bress tjh rhcfem `rh prhaedfm`mtny sd`nn(f.h., nhss tj`m 8 DS) `ma fmthrbemmhbtha te tjh afstrfkutfem

systhd tjreucj st`th-gurfsafbtfem`n fmthrbemmhbtfem st`ma`ras

• @ d`gerfty el sen`r _\ rhseurbhs ae met p`rtfbfp`thfm tjh rhcfem's wjenhs`nh pewhr d`rihts

• Khbùsh tjh FRE b`mmet ekshrvh er afsp`tbj destsen`r _\ fm tjh rhcfem, tjhsh preghbts `bt `s `deaflfhr el systhd neà

• Ren`r _\ dust kh `bbur`thny lerhb`stha te supperttjh hllfbfhmt àdfmfstr`tfem el tjh a`y-`jhà d`riht `ma tjhrhnf`knh ephr`tfem el tjh systhd fm rh`n tfdh

• Qjh crewtj el sen`r _\ fm tjh rhcfem fs auh fm n`rch p`rt te tjhpenfbfhs ma precr`ds put fm pn`bh ky tjh Mhw Hmcn`ma st ths



FRE-MH _XKNFB

• Rfmbh ;?02, tjh FRE j`s nha ` rhcfem`n Afstrfkutha Chmhr`tfem

Lerhb`st Serifmc Creup (ACLSC) te bennhbt a`t` em afstrfkutha

chmhr`tfem (AC) penfbfhs `ma fdpnhdhmt`tfem, `ma te lerhb`st

nemc-thrd fmbrhdhmt n AC crewtj fm Mhw Hmcn`ma

• Qjh ACLSC lebushs em tjh lennewfmc typhs el AC rhseurbhs7

‒ Xmahr 8 DS

‒ Bemmhbtha te tjh afstrfkutfem systhd

‒ Met vfsfknh te tjh FRE afrhbtny

‒ Rphbflfb`nny sen`r _\ rhseurbhs,

tjh n`rchst AC bedpemhmt

• Qjh FRE lerhb`sts stremc crewtj fm sen`r

_\ evhr tjh mhxt 0? yh`rs

FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma Lerhb`sts Crewtj fm Afstrfkutha

Chmhr`tfem [hseurbhs



FRE-MH _XKNFB

1?

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;,1?

?

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0,???

0,8??

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;,8??

2,???

G`mu`ry

;?0?

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D h c ` w ` t t s ( D S )

Budun`tfvh Crewtj fm Ren`

tjreucj ;?;1 (DS*)

FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma Lerhb`sts Rtremc Crewtj fm Ren`r _

Reurbh7 Lfm`n _\ Lerhb`st (@prfn ;?08)9 Meth7 DS v`nuhs `rh @B m

Ar`lt ;?0< Lerhb`st preghbts derh

tj`m 2,;?? DS fmst`nnha ky ;?;8

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2015/05/final_2015_pv_forecast.pdf

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2015/05/final_2015_pv_forecast.pdf



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Ren`r _\ Fmst`nnha Qjreucj Ahbhdkhr ;?08

Rt`thwfah `ccrhc`th sen`r _\ a`t` lred rhcfem`n afstrfkutfem bedp`

Rt`th M`dhpn`th B`p`bfty (DS`b)

Bemmhbtfbut 0::.?0

D`fmh 08.21

D`ss`bjushtts 613.00*

Mhw J`dpsjfrh ;<.2<

[jeah Fsn`ma ;2.86

\hrdemt 0;1.83*

Qet`n 0,2;8.??

* Fmbnuahs v`nuhs k`sha em D@ R[HB a`t` `ssebf`tha wftj 12 D@ dumfbfp`nftfhs ma \Q R_HHA a`t` ler 2 \Q dumfbfp`nftfhs tj`t afa met prevfah fmafvfau`

jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb- sshts/aebudhmts/;?0</?;/pvsurvhyrhsuntsU;?0<?;;1.pal

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/02/pvsurveyresults_20160224.pdf









FRE-MH _XKNFB

Ren`r _ewhr J`s ` Rfcmflfb`mt Fdp`bt em Mhw Hmcn`m

Hnhbtrfbfty Ahd`ma

6,???

6,8??0?,???

0?,8??

00,???

00,8??

0;,???

0;,8??02,???

Rhrfhs0 Ahd`ma Sftjeut Ren`r _ewhr Hnhbtrfbfty Ahd`ma Rhhm fm [h`n Qf

Ren`r _ewhr‖s Hllhbt em [hcfem`n Hnhbtrfbfty Ahd`ma

D`y ;2, ;?08Rumrfsh Rumsht

D h c ` w ` t t s ( D S )



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Rt`th Fmst`nnha Ren`r _\ „Jh`t D`ps—

• Xmahrst`mafmc tjh sp`tf`n

afstrfkutfem el hxfstfmc sen`r _\

rhseurbhs wfnn kh brftfb`n te tjhFRE‖s emcefmc fmthcr`tfem

`btfvftfhs wftjfm ketj Rysthd

_n`mmfmc ma Rysthd Ephr`tfems

• K`sha em tjh a`t` prevfaha ky

afstrfkutfem ewmhrs, tjh FRE j`s

`ccrhc`tha tjh fmst`nnha

m`dhpn`th b`p`bfty ky tewm

wftjfm h`bj st`th, ma chmhr`tha

jh`t d`ps sjewfmc tjh rhsunts

Meth7 Jh`t d`p rhlnhbts sen`r _\ fmst`nnha tjreucj @ucust 20, ;?08.



FRE-MH _XKNFB

D`ss`bjushtts Fmst`nnha Ren`r _\ „Jh`t D`p—

Meth7 Jh`t d`p rhlnhbts sen`r _\ fmst`nnha tjreucj @ucust 20, ;?08.



FRE-MH _XKNFB

• Lerhb`stfmc Nemc-Qhrd Ren`r Crewtj ‒ Qjh FRE tr`bis jfsterfb`n crewtj ma prhafbts

nhvhns el sen`r ahvhnepdhmt 0? yh`rs fmte tjhluturh

‒ Qjh sen`r lerhb`st fs usha fm tr`msdfssfem pn`mmfmc`ma d`riht mhhas `sshssdhmts9 sen`r _\ fdp`bts`rh `nrhày `bbeumtha ler fm wjenhs`nh pewhrd`riht rhqufrhdhmts

• Lerhb`stfmc Rjert-Qhrd Ren`r _hrlerd`mbh ‒ Qjh FRE brh`ths a`fny lerhb`sts el sen`r chmhr`tfem

preaubtfem te fdprevh a`fny neà lerhb`sts masftu`tfem`n w`rhmhss ler crfa ephr`ters

• Fdprevfmc Fmthrbemmhbtfem [unhs ‒ Qjh FRE fs hmc`cha wftj fmaustry stìhjenahrs te

strhmctjhm fmthrbemmhbtfem st`ma`ras ma rhaubhrhnf`kfnfty bembhrms

Qjh FRE Fs Nhàfmc Hllerts te @bbeumt ler Ren`r

[hseurbhs Bemmhbtha te tjh Afstrfkutfem Rysthd





FRE-MH _XKNFB

FRE @m`nysfs em Fmthcr tfem el [hmhw`knh [hseurbhs

• Mhw Hmcn`ma Sfma Fmthcr`tfem Rtuay ‒ jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-

`sshts/aebudhmts/beddftthhs/beddUwicrps/prtbpmtsUbedd/p`b/rhperts/;?0?/mhwfsUrhpert.pal

• Hbemedfb Rtuay fm suppert el Mhw Hmcn`ma Cevhrmers‖ [hmhw`kHmhrcy Knuhprfmt ‒ jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-

`sshts/aebudhmts/beddftthhs/beddUwicrps/etjr/bnc/dtrns/;?0?/lhk;;?0?/cevhrmersUknuhprfmt.pal

• FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma Hmhrcy-Hllfbfhmby Lerhb`st [hpert ler ;?06 te

;?;1 ‒ jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-`sshts/aebudhmts/;?08/?8/hhl-rhpert-;?06-;?;1.pal

• Ren`r _\ ;?0< Lerhb`st (ar`lt) ‒ jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-`sshts/aebudhmts/;?0</?2/;?0<Uar`ltpvlerhb`stU;?0<?;;1rhvfsha.pal

• ;?08 Hbemedfb Rtuafhs ler Em-sjerh ma Ell-sjerh wfma ‒ jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-

`sshts/aebudhmts/;?0</?2/`2U;?08UhbemedfbUstuayUemUsjerhUwfmaUprhshmt`tfem.pal

‒ jttp7//www.fse-mh.bed/st`tfb-

`sshts/aebudhmts/;?0</?2/`2U;?08UhbemedfbUstuayUellUsjerhUwfmaUprhshmt`tfem.pal

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/committees/comm_wkgrps/prtcpnts_comm/pac/reports/2010/newis_report.pdf


http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/committees/comm_wkgrps/othr/clg/mtrls/2010/feb22010/governors_blueprint.pdf


http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2015/05/eef-report-2019-2024.pdf

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/03/2016_draftpvforecast_20160224revised.pdf

http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/03/a3_2015_economic_study_on_shore_wind_presentation.pdf


http://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/2016/03/a3_2015_economic_study_off_shore_wind_presentation.pdf








































FRE-MH _XKNFB

Bembnusfems

• Mhw Hmcn`ma fs tr`msftfemfmc te ` systhd wftj ahbrh`sfmc `deumts el tràftfem`n rhseurbhs (be`n, efn, mubnh`r) `mafmbrh`sfmc `deumts el rhmhw`knh hmhrcy

• Qr`msdfssfem fmvhstdhmt wfnn kh rhqufrha te fmberper`th n`r`deumts el wfma

• Fdprevha `bbhss te sen`r _\ a`t` fs mhhaha ler ephr`tfems`ma ephr`tfems lerhb`stfmc

• Hmj`mbha sen`r _\ fmthrbemmhbtfem st`ma`ras `rh rhqufrha suppert rhnf`kfnfty `ma cht d`xfdud khmhlft lred sen`r _\fmst`nn`tfems

• Qjh FRE fs werifmc wftj stìhjenahrs te hm`knh tjh subbhsslfmthcr`tfem el tjhsh v`rf`knh hmhrcy rhseurbhs

http://www.isonewswire.com/

http://www.iso-ne.com/about/news-media/tweets



FRE-MH _XKNFB

Ler Derh Fmlerd`tfem…

• Ruksbrfkh te tjh FRE Mhwswfrh ‒ FRE Mhwswfrh fs yeur seurbh ler rhcun`r mhws

`keut FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma `ma tjh wjenhs`nh

hnhbtrfbfty fmaustry wftjfm tjh sfx-st`th rhcfem

• Nec em te FRE Hxprhss ‒ FRE Hxprhss prevfahs rh`n-tfdh a`t` em Mhw

Hmcn`ma‖s wjenhs`nh hnhbtrfbfty d`rihts ma

pewhr systhd ephr`tfems

• Lennew tjh FRE em Qwftthr ‒ Ofsemhwhmcn`ma

• Aewmneà tjh FRE te Ce @pp ‒ FRE te Ce fs ` lrhh dekfnh `ppnfb`tfem tj`t puts

rh`n-tfdh wjenhs`nh hnhbtrfbfty prfbfmc `ma

pewhr crfa fmlerd`tfem fm tjh p`nd el yeur

j`ma

http://www.iso-ne.com/about/news-media/newswire


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http://www.isonewswire.com/

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https://twitter.com/isonewengland

http://www.iso-ne.com/isoexpress/





FRE-MH _XKNFB

Qjh FRE @bbeumtha ler Ren`r _\ [hseurbhs fm tjh De



FRE-MH _XKNFB


[hbhmt Lerw`ra B`p`bfty @ubtfem

• Qjh Fmst`nnha B`p`bfty [hqufrhdhmt (FB[) ler ` Lerw`ra B`p`bfty

@ubtfem (LB@) fs tjh dfmfdud nhvhn el b`p`bfty rhqufrha te dhht

rhnf`kfnfty rhqufrhdhmts ler tjh Mhw Hmcn`ma Bemtren @rh` ler tjh

rhnhv`mt B`p`bfty Beddftdhmt _hrfea (tjrhh yh`rs fm tjh luturh)

• Qjh FB[ fs k`sha em tjrhh hsshmtf`n bedpemhmts7 tjh neà lerhb`

rhseurbh `v`fn`kfnfty, `ma tfh khmhlfts

• Fm fts erahr bbhptfmc tjh FB[ ler LB@ #6, tjh

Lhahr`n Hmhrcy [hcun`tery Beddfssfem(LH[B) afrhbtha tjh FRE te lunny hxpnerh tjh

fmberper`tfem el afstrfkutha chmhr`tfem

rhseurbhs fmte tjh FB[ b`nbun`tfem ler LB@ #0?




FRE-MH _XKNFB

• Qjh FRE weriha wftj stìhjenahrs tjreucj tjh ACLSC te ahvhne

tjh ;?08 sen`r _\ lerhb`st

• Qjreucj tj`t lerhb`st, tjh FRE fahmtflfha khjfma-tjh-dhthr sen`r

rhseurbhs tj`t `rh lerhb`stha te kh fmst`nnha, er tj`t j`vh `nrhày

khhm fmst`nnha, kut rh met yht rhlnhbtha fm jfsterfb`n neàs

‒ [hlhrrha te `s „khjfma-tjh-dhthr met-hdkhaaha-fm-neà—

(KQDMHN) sen`r _\ rhseurbhs

• Qjh FRE àgustha tjh neà lerhb`st ky tjhlerhb`stha KQDMHN sen`r _\ rhseurbhs,

rhsuntfmc fm 26? DS rhaubtfem fm tjh

FB[ ler LB@ #0?


[hbhmt Lerw`ra B`p`bfty @ubtfem, bemtfmuha




FRE-MH _XKNFB


[hbhmt Lerw`ra B`p`bfty @ubtfem, bemtfmuha

• Em G`mu`ry :, ;?0<, LH[B

`bbhptha tjh FB[ ler LB@ #0? ma

leuma tj`t tjh FRE prephrnyfmberper`tha KQDMHN sen`r _\

rhseurbhs fmte tjh FB[ b`nbun`tfem

• Em Lhkru`ry :, ;?0<, tjh FRE

bemaubtha LB@ #0?, preburfmc tjh

b`p`bfty rhseurbhs mhhaha te

dhht tjh FB[ ler tjh ;?06-;?;?B`p`bfty Beddftdhmt _hrfea

‒ @keut 28,8<3 DS el b`p`bfty

bnh`rha tjh ubtfem te dhht tjh

21,080 DS FB[ ler ;?06-;?;?

D tf [ kn H Q



[em`na Q. Chrw`tewsif

@avfsfmc em Hmhrcy _enfby D`tth

Dhhtfmc [hmhw`knh Hmhrcy Q`Sjfnh Hmsurfmc Crfa [hnf`kf

Hmvfremdhmt n Kusfmhss Beumbfn el Mhw Hmcn`ma

Hmhrcy Hmvfremdhmt Hbemedy



Dhhtfmc [hmhw`knh Q`rchts `ma

D`fmt`fmfmc [hnf`kfnfty `t [h`sem`knh Best

[em Chrw`tew

D`rbj ;6, ;

D`ss`bjushtts Arfvhr el _enfby7 @ccrhssfvh C



D`ss`bjushtts Arfvhr el _enfby7 @ccrhssfvh C

S`rdfmc Renutfems @bt ce`ns

• ;8% BE; rhaubtfems khnew 066? ky ;?;?

• :?% BE; rhaubtfems khnew 066? ky ;?8?• ;?;? ce`n `bjfhv`knh wftj „lunn fdpnhdhmt`tfem— el pn`m fmftf

• Redh stìhjenahrs quhstfem wjhtjhr tjh nemc-thrd ce`ns b``bjfhvha, s pr`btfb`n d`tthr

• N`rch-sb`nh jyare `ma etjhr rhmhw`knhs `rh p`rt el pn`m

• D`ss`bjushtts Bnh`m Hmhrcy `ma Bnfd`th _n`m Xpa`th, ;?08

jttp7//www.d`ss.cev/hh`/aebs/hh`/hmhrcy/bhbp-ler-;?;?.pal

http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/eea/energy/cecp-for-2020.pdf








@bjfhvfmc ` new b`rkem luturh

• Rtuafhs afrhbtfem`nny bembnuah7 [àfb`n hnhbtrflfb`tfem mhha

• Qr`mspert`tfem• Jh`tfmc `ma beenfmc seurbhs

• G`bekshm Rtuay, \fsfem el 0??% rhmhw`knhs7

jttp7//whk.st`mlera.hau/creup/hldj/g`beksem/@rtfbnhs/F/XRRt`thsSSR.pal

http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/USStatesWWS.pdf

http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/USStatesWWS.pdf



Fdpnfb`tfems ler Chmhr`tfem

• Afstrfkutha chmhr`tfem pn`ys ` renh

• Hmhrcy Rter`ch fmmev`tfem ssudha

• N`rch-sb`nh bnh`m rhseurbhs hsshmtf`n

• [hcfem`n chmhr`tfem stfnn fdpert`mt

• [hnf`kfnfty dust kh d`fmt`fmha `t tjh s`dh tfd• mhha ler k`sh-neà typh rhseurbhs ler rhnf`kfnfty

j i j



Qjh [fsis wftj [hseurbh Dfx

• [hnf`kfnfty b`mmet kh d`fmt`fmha wftj fmthrdftthmt rhmhw`

• Rter`ch j`s predfsh te àarhss phìs, kut met `nn fssuhs• Afstrfkutha chmhr`tfem j`s nfdfts, `ma BE; hdfssfems ebbu

sedh thbjmenecfhs

• B`rkem-lrhh mubnh`r pn`mts wfnn bnesh

• Sj`t rhpn`bhs mubnh`r te `bt `s k`sh-neà5• Nfihny bjefbh fs m`tur`n c`s

• Afnhdd`7 fl wh fmbrh`sh rhnf`mbh em m`tur`n c`s ft stfnn j`s hdfssfems

n l a l



Fdpnfb`tfems ler Crfa Fmlr`strubturh

• Derh aym`dfb afstrfkutfem systhd mhhaha te fmthcr`th

afstrfkutha chmhr`tfem• Fdpert`mt renh ler ster`ch thbjmenecfhs

• Mhha ler tr`msdfssfem fmvhstdhmts te rh`bj n`rch-sb`nhrhseurbhs (jyare `ma wfma) ‒ Bressfmc fmthrst th nfmhs met h`sy

• @nn el tjhsh fmvhstdhmts dust kh lumaha `ma wfnn j`vh fdp`bts

• @crhhfmc upem tjh `nneb`tfem el bests `demc tjh st`thsfmthrst`th preghbts fs nfih „jhrafmc b`ts—

H Rt f D j tt



Hmhrcy Rter`ch fm D`ss`bjushtts

• AEH[ `ma BHB spemserfmc ;-p`rt stuay te `m`nyzh tjh ster`ch fmaun`masb`ph7 ‒ hbemedfb ahvhnepdhmt ‒ d`riht eppertumftfhs

‒ hx`dfmfmc pethmtf`n penfbfhs ma precr`ds tj`t beuna kh fdpnhdhmtha te khhmhrcy ster`ch ahpneydhmt

‒ prevfafmc penfby ma rhcun`tery rhbeddhma`tfems nemc wftj best-khmhlft penfby dìhrs.

• $0? dfnnfem `nneb`tha ler luturh d`riht suppert

• D`ss.cev whksfth j`s nfmi te ster`ch fmftf`tfvh7 jttp7//www.d`ss.cev/hh`bnh`m-thbj/rhmhw`knhhmhrcy/hmhrcy-ster`ch-fmftf`tfvh/



N Q B t t



Nemc Qhrd Bemtr`bts

• N`rch-sb`nh bnh`m rhseurbh preghbts mhha nemc-thrd bemtr`lfm`mbfmc

• Xmft prfbh el dest n`rch-sb`nh bnh`m rhseurbhs wfnn kh `kevwjenhs`nh hmhrcy prfbhs (me d`tthr wj`t tjhy thnn yeu . . .)9 tj`t‖s t`bjfhvfmc tjh hdfssfem rhaubtfem ekghbtfvhs.

• Hnhbtrfb tr`msdfssfem ler rhmhw`knh er bnh`m rhseurbh pregd`ma`tha ler penfby rh`sems `nse mhha nemc-thrd beddft

• C`s b`p`bfty hxp`msfem ler hnhbtrfb chmhr`tfem, fl àv`mbhmhha nemc-thrd beddftdhmts lred utfnftfhs

• Bests em d`my preghbts kermh neb`nny, kut khmhlfts sj`rha wftj „lrhh rfahrs—

F t C t



Fdp`bt em Chmhr`ters

• Hxfstfmc chmhr`ters thma te kh eppesha te NQBs ler mhw rhseurbhs tj`thmhrcy prfbhs

• [hvhmuh nesshs ebbur wjhm hmhrcy prfbhs `rh newhr `ma b`p`bfty prfbhhmeucj te dìh up tjh afllhrhmbh

• _enfby k`ttnh hdhrcfmc khtwhhm hxfstfmc chmhr`ters (mhhaha ler rhnf`kbnh`m rhseurbhs (mhhaha te dhht b`rkem rhaubtfem ce`ns)

• [CCF `nemh wfnn met rhsunt fm tjh kreà hdfssfems rhaubtfem ce`ns khfm

• Burrhmt d`riht strubturh fs hdfssfems knfma

• [fsi7 Met àhqu`thny bedphms`tfmc k`sh-neà chmhr`tfem tjrh`thms rhfdp`bts nemc-thrd bests



Qjh Bj`nnhmch7 K`n`mbfmc Best wftj Bnh`m [hseurbhs,



bjeesfmc tjh [hseurbhs

• @aveb`ths ler rhmhw`knhs `rh elthm `bbusha el met b`rfmc

dubj ft bests• Qjesh bembhrmha `keut tjh best el hnhbtrfbfty `rh elthm `b

met b`rfmc `keut eur hmvfremdhmt

• Kut hvhryemh w`mts te „ihhp tjh nfcjts em—

• Qjh bj`nnhmch el arfvfmc ` rh`sem`knh p`tj aewm tjh dfaa

khlerh us• Dìfmc tjeucjtlun guacdhmts `ma bjefbhs fs me h`sy t`si

duntftuah el stremcny jhna epfmfems lred afllhrhmt stìhjejfcjny bedpnhx fssuhs



_`mhn Afsbussfem7 Dhhtfmc [hmhw`knh H



cQ`rchts Sjfnh Hmsurfmc Crfa [hnf`kfnfty



Deahr`ter7 Dfbj`hn Hrmst, _ewhr @avfsery N

_`mhnfsts7

• Rthpjhm G. [eurih, FRE Mhw Hmcn`ma

• [em`na Q. Chrw`tewsif

_revfafmc [hnf`knh [hmhw`k



Gejm Desjhr

\fbh _rhsfahmt, Hmcfmhhrfmc `ma Ah

Renhbt Hmhrcy Ahvhnepdhmt

_revfafmc [hnf`knh [hmhw`kHmhrcy `ma Rter`ch





D`riht Evhrvfhw



D`riht EvhrvfhwSj`t fs arfvfmc tjh Rter`ch D`riht5

e Qhbjmenecy Fdprevhdhmts `ma best rhaubtfems

e _enfby Ruppert

e Lfm`mbf`n Hmcfmhhrfmc

Qhbjmenecy Fdprevhdhmts



Qhbjmenecy FdprevhdhmtsBest [haubtfem

Nftjfud Fem fs j`vfmc tjh crh`thst fdp`bt `s hbemedfhs elsb`nh `ma àv`mbhs arfvh tjh aewm best.

_ewhr ahmsfty hxphbtha te aeuknh fm tjh mhxt yh`r.

Best phr iSj hxphbtha te bemtfmuh te ahbnfmh te umahr$28? phr iS.

Lnew k`tthrfhs `rh ` vf`knh thbjmenecy kut j`vh yht terh`nfzh tjhfr hbemedfb pethmtf`n.

Ihy pefmt, K`tthry bests j`vh bedh aewm kut RVRQHDbests wfnn ahbnfmh `t ` snewhr r`th.

Best phr iSj K`tthry Hnhbtrfb \hjfbnhs



Best phr iSj K`tthry Hnhbtrfb \hjfbnhs

Ren`r+Rter`ch NBH vs Xtfnfty [ht`fn _rfbh



Ren`r+Rter`ch NBH vs Xtfnfty [ht`fn _rfbh

Rysthd _rfbhs Bemtfmuh te Ahbnfmh



• Ihhpfmc wftj tjh trhma el yh`rs prfer, systhd prfbhs rh bemtfmufmc

te shh aewmw`ra devhdhmt fm ;?08, arfvhm ky tjh lennewfmc

l`bters, hm`knha ky jfcjhr ahpneydhmt venudhs7

• [haubtfem fm k`tthry-p`bi bests, fmbnuafmc k`tthrfhs, wfrfmc, r`bifmc ma

k`tthry d`m`chdhmt systhds

• Fdprevhdhmts fm systhd fmthcr`tfem, rhqufrha te cht k`tthrfhs rummfmc

wftj tjh pewhr bemvhrsfem systhds (_BR) ma tjh crfa

• [haubtfem fm k`n`mbh-el-systhd bests, fm p`rt auh te best prhssurh

lred _BR vhmaers

• Qjhsh prfbhs `rh met `ssebf tha wftj sphbflfb preghbts ahpneyha fm P0

;?08, sfmbh prfbfmc a`t` fs bemsfahrha shmsftfvh ky vhmaers `ma

ahvhnephrs, cfvhm tjh mudkhr el preghbts tj`t `rh khfmc ahpneyha `ma

tjh v`ryfmc preghbt bybnhs. Qjfs systhd prfbh a`t` fs fmsthà hstfd`tha

ler preghbts ahpneyha tea`y k`sha em tjh rhsunts el tjh ketted-up best

survhy lred hfcjt fmthrvfhws wftj vhmaers `bress tjh v`nuh bj`fm,

fmbnuafmc k`tthry vhmaers, systhd fmthcr`ters `ma ahvhnephrs.

• @nn quetha prfbhs `rh ler systhds usfmc nftjfud-fem k`tthrfhs

wftj 0-; jeur afsbj`rch aur`tfems ma wftjeut my sphbf`n

fmthrbemmhbtfem rhqufrhdhmts.

Xtfnfty-Rb`nh Mem-[hsfahmtf`n [hsfahmtf n

Jfcj $0,;8? $0,8?? $;,???

Dhaf`m $6?? $0,0?? $0,8??

New $:?? $0,??? $0,2??

$:??

$0,???

$0,2??

$6??

$0,0??

$0,8??

$0,;8?

$0,8??

$;,???

$?

$8??

$0,???

$0,8??

$;,???

$;,8??

Xtfnfty Mem-[hsfahmtf`n [hsfahmtf`n

P 0 ; ? 0 8 R y s t h d _ r f b h [ ` m c h s ( $ / i S j )

_enfby Ruppert _GD (hx MG)



_enfby Ruppert _GD (hx MG)

Lrhquhmby [hcun`tfem Ruppertha ky LH[B erahr 388, sfcm`n rhspemsh ler l`sthr

derh `bbur`th jfcjhr DS dfnh`ch rhseurbhs.

Qhbjmenecy afrhbtny hm`knha _GD te ahp`rt lred lessfn luhnrhspemsh rhseurbhs

_enfby Ruppert MV



_enfby Ruppert MV

MVRH[A@ (MVR [hsh`rbj `ma Ahvhnepdhmt @utjerfty) `maBem Hafsem p`rtmhrsjfp

$;2D Fmvhstdhmt fm Xpst`th K`tthry [&A Bhmthr

Lrhquhmby [hcun`tfem d`riht, LH[B 388

Ahd`ma [haubtfem

_enfby Ruppert B@



_enfby Ruppert B@

2 Fmvhstdhmt Ewmha Xtfnftfhs t`siha te preburh 0.2 CS el

ster`ch ky ;?;?. RCF_, Rhnl Chmhr`tfem Fmbhmtfvh _recr`d

_enfby Ruppert D@



_enfby Ruppert D@

FREMH, burrhmtny ahlfmfmc hxfstfmc d`rihts ler ster`ch. FREMH aehs met j`vh ` Lrhquhmby [hcun`tfem d`riht, me

fddhaf`th pn`ms te ahvhnep tj`t d`riht.

AEH[ `ppreprf`tha $0?D te fmbhmtfvfzh ster`ch d`rihts.Qjfs fs `nn fmbnusfvh, tjhrd`n, jyare, bedprhssha `fr,

lnywjhhn `ma k`tthrfhs. Bustedfzha Hmhrcy Renutfems burrhmtny bemtr`btha te

preaubh ` ; p`rt rhpert em ster`ch d`riht ahvhnepdhmtfm D@. _`rt 0 `ma ; hta Lhkru`ry/D`rbj.

P2 Rter`ch Bedp`rfsem



P2 Rter`ch Bedp`rfsem



Sjhrh fs D@ D`riht5



_GD `ma B@, ::% bedkfmha ds evhr 0? qtrs

Rter`ch

Rfcmflfb`mt Rter`ch Fmvhstdhmt



Rfcmflfb`mt Rter`ch Fmvhstdhmt



@ppre`bjfmc ` Aym`dfb D`riht



pp c yBj`nnhmchs

Rter`ch fs „mhw— thbjmenecy `t rhsfahmtf`n `ma BF nhvhn

Xtfnftfhs j`vh `m àv`mt`ch fm [&A (a`t`) `ma bustedhr`bbhss

Lfm`mbfmc bemsfsthmtny

Fmlerd`tfem te fahmtfly eppertumftfhs

Relt Bests

Ahnfvhry




Gejm G. Ihhmh, Gr.

Afrhbter, FRE @aveb`by

RumHafsem

Hmhrcy `ma Rter`ch





Bjht Nyems

_rfmbfp`n

Hmhrcy Rtr`thcfhs Creup (HRC)

Hmhrcy `ma Rter`ch


HKB Hmhrcy [hseu



[hmhw`knh Hmhrcy `maHmhrcy Rter`ch

HMH[CV RQ[@QHCFHR C[EX_

B J H Q N V E M R , _ [ F M B F _ @ N

D @ [ B J ; 6 Q J ; ? 0 <

HKB Hmhrcy [hseu

_recr`d

‷ Hxp`mafmc [hmhw`knh Hmh

‷D`fmt`fmfmc Crfa [hnf`kfnf

‷ Jhnpfmc s`vh eur pn`mht

M@R@ `stremùt Rbett Ihnny tee

pjete el tjh H`rtj t mfcjt jfcjn

tjh crhhm `ma rha juhs el `m @u

Hmhrcy Rtr`thcfhs Creup HRC)



‷ @ssfst ster`ch d`mul`bturhrs, utfnftfhs, preghbt ahvhnephrs`ma fmvhsters brh`th m h`rny, prelft`knh ma sust`fm`knh

renh fm tjh hdhrcfmc cnek`n hmhrcy ster`ch fmaustry.


‷ HRC NNB b`m erfcfm`th `ma ahvhnep k`t

ster`ch `ma k`tthry pnus sen`r _\ preg

‷ Lebus fs utfnfty-sb`nh em tjh wjenhs`nhfmbnuafmc7 lrhquhmby rhcun`tfem, rhcfemphì pewhr sukstftutfem, rhmhw`knhsfmthcr`tfem, dfbrecrfas, ma tr`msdfss`ma afstrfkutfem ahlhrr`n (er sukstftutf

Rtr`thcfb Bemsuntfmc _reghbt Ahvhnepdhmt

Sjy fs hnhbtrfbfty ster`ch rhvenutfem`ry5




Reurbh7 _jetes lred Sfifphaf` Beddems

M`tur`n c`s„phìhr pn`mt—

‷ K`tthry ster`ch b`m rhpn`bh

chmhr`ters, hsphbf`nny „phìhrs—prfd`rfny usha te prevfah pewhrb`p`bfty vhrsus hmhrcy

‷ Rter`ch b`m rhpn`bh tr`msdfssfemafstrfkutfem „wfrhs—

‷ Rter`ch supperts tjh fmthcr`tfem rhmhw`knhs, hsphbf`nny sen`r _\

‷ Rter`ch wfnn untfd`thny afspn`bh

trfnnfems el aenn`rs fm bemvhmtfem`nutfnfty sshts

‷ Xtfnfty preburhdhmt pr`btfbhs makusfmhss deahns rh mew bj`mcfm`nnewfmc k`tthry ster`ch te khbedfdpert`mt p`rt el tjh utfnfty `ssht

1?? I\@tr`msdfssfem nfmh



D`riht Arfvhrs7 Ren`r + Hmhrcy Rter`ch



Jfcj sen`r phmhtr`tfem fmbrh`shs mhha ler sjert ma nemc-thrd k`n`mbfmc hmhrcy

↛ Hx`dpnh7 B`nflermf` „aubi bj`rt— lerhb`stfmc evhr-chmhr`tfem `ma lnhht r`dpfmc fssuh

Be`n pn`mt rhtfrhdhmts wfnn brh`th tjh mhha ler mhw chmhr`tfem b`p`bfty

↛ B`p`bfty rhshrvhs d`y arep khnew ahsfrha nfdfts bùsfmc rhnf`kfnfty bembhrms

Ren`r best „tfppfmc pefmt— wfnn nhà te sjflt d`fmstrh`d suppny prhlhrhmbhs

↛ Sjenhs`nh NBEH ler sen`r afps khnew be`n `ma c`s fm ;-yh`rs fm d`my p`rts el tjh XR

↛ _reghbtha ;?03 utfnfty-sb`nh sen`r _\ fmst`nnha bests el 1 bhmts/iSj fm tjh H`st `ma 2bhmts fm tjh Reutjwhst (;?-yh`r __@, sfmcnh xfs tr`bihr ‒ Lfrst Ren`r dìhs tjfs bn`fd

Rter`ch best rhaubtfem wfnn suppert d`ger sjflt fm chmhr`tfem suppny prhlhrhmbhs

↛ @ nemchr aur`tfem ster`ch thbjmenecy (1 te < jeurs) `nse b`p`knh el aefmc sjert-thrd

lrhquhmby rhcun`tfem d`y kh m eptfd`n bedkfm`tfem

Bnh`m _ewhr _n`m (B__) wfnn lurtjhr fmlnuhmbh tjh luturh utfnfty chmhr`tfem dfx


Qea`y

Luturh

[àfb`n Arep fm Best el Ren`r _\



Ren`r _\ Deaunh Best [haubtfem7 0633 ‒ ;?08H


Ren`r _rfbh Qfppfmc _efmt ‒ Rter`ch te Lenne



HMH[CV RQ[@QHCFHR C[EX_ 3

Reurbh7 H`rtj _enfby Fmstftuth, Kneedkhrc Mhw Hmhrcy Lfm`mbh

‷ Cnek`n sen`r fmst`nn`tfem

(sjewm fm knuh) k`rhny umtfn ` d`cfb dedhmt ‒

sedhwjhrh khtwhhm ;

`ma ;??8, wjhm tjh pr

S`tt rh`bjhs ` tfppfmc

‷ Hmhrcy ster`ch wfnn uma

sfdfn`r prfbh tfppfmc pef

khtwhhm mew ma ;?;?

‷ Ler sedh ppnfb`tfems hster`ch fs nrhày derh

hllhbtfvh tj`m nhc`by le

k`sha chmhr`tfem er

tr`msdfssfem ma afstrfk

(„wfrhs—) fmlr`strubturh

[hmhw`knhs `rh fm tjh _`ssfmc N`mh



Xtfnftfhs j`vhmsfmbh tjfs pjet

Xtfnftfhs rh cr@vhr`ch `ssht<?%

Hmhrcy ster`cafstrfkutha chhllfbfhmby

@ssht k`sh el sjrfmi

[hvhmuhs el rh

nfihny bemtr`bt

0< CS el mem-jyare rhmhw`knhs whrh àaha fm tjh XR fm ;?08, hqu`n te <:% el `nn mhw chReurbh7 KneedkhrcMhw Hmhrcy Lfm`mbh

[hmhw`knhs whrh

derh tj`m 8?% el

mhw chmhr`tfem ;

yh`rs fm ` rew… tjfs

fs ` tfppfmc pefmt.


Ren`r fs Crewfmc Hvhm L`sthr tj`m Sfma




Reurbh7 Kneedkhrc Mhw Hmhrcy Lfm`mbh

‷ Chmhr`tfem lred me

jyarepewhr rhmhw`

crhw te 2?< QSj fm

up lred ;:6 QSj fm

‷ Sfma dìhs up tjh

tjfs chmhr`tfem (0:8

er <0%) kut dest cre

fm ;?08 b`dh lred `

surch fm sen`r chmhr`

‷ Mem-jyarepewhrrhmhw`knhs mew bb

ler 3.1% el XR hnhbtr

up lred 3.?% fm ;?0



Afstrfkutfem Bfrbuft Bembhrms Auh te Jfcj-_hmhtr`



Ren`r _\

• _rethbtfem shttfmcs ler kf-afrhbtfem`n lnew

• Fmvhrthr trfppfmc aurfmc new vent`ch sftu`tfems

• Mem-befmbfahmt phìfmc

0. Neà Fssuhs

• D`fmt`fm bustedhr vent`ch wftjfm @MRF B:1.0`ma [unh ; (B`nflermf`) r`mchs

• Ihhp vent`ch fm newhr j`nl em bfrbufts w/B\[

;. \ent`ch [fsh


Reurbh7 MVFRE Ahbhdkhr ;?02 Serisjep9 utfnfty bembhrms r`miha jfcjhst te

• \ent`ch afps `ma swhnns em bustedhr prhdfshs

• [haubha nfmh hllfbfhmby lred rh`btfvh pewhr

• Xmahr-prethbtha utfnfty/bustedhr hqufpdhmt

2. \ent`ch & [h`btfvh

_ewhr \`rf`tfem

• Fmbrh`sha j`rdemfbs `ma umprhafbt`knh fmthr

afcft`n `ma bustedhr neàs `s derh fmvhrthrs

tjh afstrfkutfem crfa

1. [fsfmc J`rdemfbs

Hmhrcy Rter`ch D`riht Eppertumftfhs




[hpn`bh sfdpnh bybnh c`s-lfrha BQ phìhr pn`_hìfmc _ewhr• Rter`ch b`m rhpn`bh c`s phìhrs, hsphbf`nny fm tr`msdfssfem bemstr`fmha `rh`s `ma `rh`s

mhw c`s phìhrs fs fdpr`btfb`n er hmvfremdhmt`nny prejfkftfvh.

Qr`msdfssfem & afstrfkutfem ahlhrr`n / sukst[hpn`bh „Sfrhs—

• Emh-tjfra el `nn utfnfty fmlr`strubturh bests `rh ler „wfrhs— ‒ hmhrcy ster`ch b`m rhpn`bh wfrhs fmlr`strubturh best-hllhbtfvhny.

Ren`r + hmhrcy ster`ch te prevfah „lfrd— b`p[hmhw`knh B`p`bfty• _reghbtha ;?03 fmst`nnha bests ler utfnfty-sb`nh sen`r _\ `rh 1 bhmts/iSj fm tjh H`st `ma

Reutjwhst9 àafmc ster`ch b`m ah-b`rkemfzh k`sh neà hmhrcy.

Rter`ch fs ` Derh Lnhxfknh [hseurbh




Reurbh7 @HR Hmhrcy Rter ch

‷ _hr DS el medfm`n

m`dhpn`th b`p`bfty, hmhrcy

ster`ch prevfahs ;Z (erderh) rhspemsh b`p`bfty.

‷ Rter`ch j`s me dfmfdud

chmhr`tfem rhqufrhdhmt,

prevfahs shrvfbh `bress fts

hmtfrh r`mch, ma fs

`v`fn`knh te ephr`th fm derh

jeurs tj`m ` c`s phìhr

pn`mt.

‷ Beupnha wftj fts `kfnfty te

kh afsp`tbjha fm shbemas,

ster`ch rhseurbhs rh

best-hllhbtfvh seurbh el

lnhxfknh rhseurbh àhqu`by.

Rter`ch [`dp [`th @av`mt`chs



• FRE‖s pn`bh jfcjhr v`nuh em ster`ch-k`sha rhcun`tfem `sshts khbùsh el tjhfr l`sthr r`dp r``bbur`by bedp`rha te snewhr tjhrd`n `sshts. *


Lrhquhmby [hcun`tfem

‷ Rter`ch b`m r`dp Yup teT ;??% fts

medfm`n pewhr r`tfmc fm > ?.0 shb.

wftj `bbur`by. Rter`ch tr`mslhrs

derh hmhrcy te/lred tjh crfa phr

umft el tfdh vs. tjhrd`n umfts.

‷ Rter`ch-k`sha lrhquhmby rhcun`tfem

rhseurbhs `rh p`fa ; te 2 tfdhs `sdubj s tjhrd`n chmhr`ters.

‷ LH[B Erahr 3:1 kufnas em LH[B

Erahr 388 ky rhqufrfmc utfnftfhs fm

vhrtfb`n d`rihts te hv`nu`th hmhrcy

ster`ch ler mbfnn`ry shrvfbhs.Reurbh7 _hrlerd`mbh a`t` lred Mhw Veri FRE.

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-1

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;/03 6 DS NHR[ @btu`n Eutput vs. 6 DS Chmhr`ter wftj Dfmfdud

[hspemsh Qfdh el 8 dfmuths

6 DS NHR[ @btu`n Eutput 6 DS Chmhr`ter wftj Dfmfdud @nnew`knh [hspemsh

6 DS Rter`ch [hseurbh vs. 6 DS Ch*

6 DS Rter`ch 6 DS Ch

Rter`ch Rphha/@bbur`by @av`mt`chs



• Rter`ch b`m rh`bt te ` d`ger crfa lrhquhmby hvhmt wftj Yup teT ;??% el fts medfm`n pewhr fm > ?.0 shbester`ch Yup teT ;8 tfdhs derh hllhbtfvh ler Lrhquhmby [hspemsh [hshrvh tj`m BQ tjhrd`n chmhr`ter.


Lrhquhmby [hspemsh [hshrvh (L[[)

‷ Lrhquhmby [hspemsfvh [hshrvh (L[[) j`s

khhm suppnfha lred tjh cevhrmer rhspemsh

rhqufrha el nn em-nfmh chmhr`ters.

‷ Qjhrd`n chmhr`ter r`dp r`ths rh snew

bedp`rha te ster`ch. Chmhr`ters dust

d`fmt`fm 8% ‚cevhrmer areep‖ wjfbj nfdfts

tjhd te ~ :% el tjhfr r`tha b`p`bfty `s L[[

`sshts hvhm fl tjhy b`m r`dp l`sthr.

‷ 0 DS ster`ch ssht bj`rcfmc t lunn pewhr

b`m swftbj te lunn afsbj`rch fm > ?.0 shbema,

fmghbtfmc ; DS er ;??% el fts medfm`n pewhr

r`tfmc fmte tjh crfa. ;??% ó :% 4 ;8 khtthr!

Rter`ch b`p`bfty fs

hxbhptfem`n s L[[

b`p`bfty auh te fts

mh`r fmst`mt`mheus

sphha `ma `bbur`by

el rhspemsh.

Lrhquhmby [hspemsh Hvhmt

Rter`ch Afstrfkutfem @av`mt`chs




AHR b`p`bfty brh`ths derh v`nuh

‷ _j`sha aaftfem el ster`ch

fdprevhs b`p`bfty hbemedfbs.

‷ Rter`ch neb`tfems shnhbtha te

àa etjhr v`nuh strh`ds, h.c.,

vent`ch ma \@[ bemtren.

‷ Neb`tfem`n v`nuh el ster`ch

d`xfdfzha k`sha em crfaaym`dfbs fm tfdh phrfeas.

‷ @v`fn`kfnfty `ma rhnf`kfnfty el

ster`ch jfcjhr auh te „sj`lt

rfsi— el BQ `ma st`rt-up/sjut-

aewm tfdh mhhaha ky BQs.

Rter`ch neb`tha em tjh afstrfkutfem crfa b`m kh `ccrhc`

`ma bemtrennha te ahnfvhr khmhlfts te ketj tjh tr`msdfs

systhd `ma tjh neb`n afstrfkutfem bfrbuft(s).

>Qhm 8 DS

umfts fm tjhBhmtr`n Rt`tfem

„Afstrfkutfem Bneua—

Emh 8? DS

Bedkustfem

Qurkfmh

Rter`ch Hmvfremdhmt n @av`mt`chs



Rter`ch rhseurbhs j`vh7

‷ Whre afrhbt fr hdfssfems

‷ Me w`thr rhqufrhdhmts

‷ Dfmfd`n seuma

‷ Me luhn (c`s) rhqufrhdhmt

Qr`msn`ths te7

‷ Lunn Hmvfremdhmt`n Fdp`bt Rt`thdhmt met merd`nny rhqufrha

‷ [haubha tfdh te pn`m, sfth, phrdft `ma kufna

‷ _essfknh hdfssfems best khmhlft ler ster`ch


Rter`ch [hnf`kfnfty @av`mt`chs



‷ „Rj`lt rfsi— fs ` rhseurbh‖s prek`kfnfty bemtrfkutfem te ness el neà k`sh

em tjh l`fnurh el ` sfmcnh umft er pfhbh el hqufpdhmt9 tjfs rfsi fs dubj

newhr ler ster`ch cfvhm fts deaun`r /rhauma`mt rbjfthbturh.

‷ Deaun`r rbjfthbturh nse nnews d`fmthm`mbh el ster`ch umfts te kh

phrlerdha fm shquhmbh, lurtjhr fdprevfmc `v`fn`kfnfty.

‷ @v`fn`kfnfty el afstrfkutha ster`ch lnhht = 66 phrbhmt vs. 6;% phrbhmt le

` sfmcnh 8? DS bhmtr`n st`tfem c`s-lfrha phìhr BQ.*


* K`sha em preghbtha 28? jeurs phr yh`r st`rt-up tfdh `ma 28? jeurs phr yh`r

sjut aewm tfdh ler ` n`rch c`s-lfrha BQ fm B`nflermf`.

K`tthry-k`sha „_hìhrs— Sfnn `pphm



@HR‖ 0?? DS, 1 DSj _hìhr ler RBH fs `m H`rny Fmafb`ter


Xsfmc ster`ch tdhht tjh upph

rhcfem el a`fny

ahd`ma preau

vhry jfcj v`nuh

Q&A Ahlhrr`n / Rukstftutfem7 B`sh Rtuay



$?

$1

$:

$0;

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V r ?

V r 0

V r ;

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V r 1

V r 8

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V r 3

V r :

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V r 0 ;

V r 0 2

V r 0 1

V r 0 8

V r 0 <

V r 0 3

V r 0 :

V r 0 6

V r ; ? @

m m u ` n Q e t ` n B e s t

( ; ? 0 ; $ d f n n f e m )

@mmu`n Qet`n Best Bedp`rfsem

Q&A Xpcràh vs. Hmhrcy Rter`ch

Q&A Xpcràh ($ dfnnfem) Hmhrcy Rter`ch ($ dfnnfem)


‷ @mmu`n @vefaha Best el bemvhmtfem`n upcràh (@@B, er`mch) fs nfih `m `mmufty fmvenvfmc ` shrfhs el`mmu`n p`ydhmts evhr tjh ;?-yh`r nflh el tjh hqufpdhmt. Rfmbh @@B fs hxprhssha `s hqu`n `mmu`np`ydhmts, ft fs elthm rhlhrrha te `s ` ‚nhvhnfzha‖ best.

‷ Qjh hbemedfb ahbfsfem khtwhhm Q&A kufna/upcràh er Rter`ch (sukstftuth) bedp`rhs tjh _\ el tjutfnfty‖s @@B te tjh _\ el ster`ch bests (fmbnuafmc E&D).

;?-yh`r

\`nuh (_

Rter`ch

$10D (b

E&D), w

el bemvh

Q&A ept

$86D. M

fmlnuhmb

sthp fmv

fm hmhrc



MCrfa „MS@— _fnet ler M`mtubiht Fsn`ma



‷ M`mtubiht Fsn`ma rhnfhs em ; umahrsh` pewhr

b`knhs lred tjh d`fmn`ma.

‷ Guny ;?02, M`mtubiht‖s phì neà jft 18 DS,

0;.8% fmbrh`sh evhr tjh prfer yh`r.

‷ _hì ahd`ma j`s rfshm auh te tjh àaftfem el

`fr bemaftfemfmc neà lred upsb`nh jedhs.

‷ Sftjeut ` tjfra b`knh, tjh fsn`ma beu

kh `t rfsi aurfmc tfdhs el phì ahd

‷ M`tfem`n Crfa j`s lfnha ` „mem-wfrhs

`nthrm`tfvh— (MS@) pfnet wftj tjh

D`ss`bjushtts _XB.

‷ Sfnn ahn`y hxphmsh el àafmc ` tjfra

umahrsh` b`knh ler ` phrfea el 3 yh`

‷ M_\ el tjh `mmu`n, vefaha rhvhmuh

rhqufrhdhmt evhr 3-yh`rs 4 $;2.1 D

‷ MQ@ prepes`n fmbnuahs7 hllfbfhmby, A

tjhrd`n (fbh) ster`ch

‷ MCrfa nse rhquhstha kfnfty te rhbe

bests lred tjh r`th k`sh.


HRC‖s \fhw em Rter`ch _rfbh Qrhmas



‷ Best el crfa-sb`nh k`tthry hmhrcy ster`ch ahbnfmfmc r`pfany9 newhst prfbh crfa-sb`nhk`tthry ster`ch tea`y fs `keut $88?/iSj el fmst`nnha b`p`bfty.*

‷ Duntfpnh d`mul`bturhrs wfnn `bjfhvh `m fmst`nnha b`p`bfty prfbh el $28? te $18?/iSwftjfm ; te 2 yh`rs, h.c., Qhsn` Hmhrcy, NB Bjhd, R`dsumc, _`m`semfb.

‷ Sftjfm 2 te 1 yh`rs, fmst`nnha prfbh wfnn kh > $2??/iSj (HRC preghbtfem)*

‷ @t ` $2??/iSj fmst`nnha prfbh, ster`ch wfnn khcfm te bedphth wftj d`my sfdpnh bybedkustfem turkfmh (BQ) phìhrs wjhrh 1 jeurs er nhss afsbj`rch aur`tfem fsrhqufrha (`ma me derh tj`m twe afsbj`rchs phr a`y).

‷ Rter`ch-k`sha phìhrs wftj nemchr 8 te < jeurs el aur`tfem wfnn kh hbemedfb`nnylh`sfknh wjhrh neb`tfem bemstr`fmts fmln`th tjh best el bemvhmtfem`n c`s-lfrha phìhte tjh jfcjhr hma el c`s-lfrha BQ prfbh r`mch, `ma/er etjhr bemstr`fmts hxfst, h.c.,n`bi el w`thr, neb`n nfdft`tfems em `fr pennutfem, htb.


* Fmbnuahs k`tthrfhs, pewhr hnhbtremfbs, fmthrbemmhbtfem bests9 hxbnuahs

n`ma best, fmthrbemmhbtfem upcràhs, phrdfts ma lhhs.

Rter`ch Bests `rh Areppfmc L`st ‒ Nf-fem



Bjh`phr K`tthry Rter`ch

‷ Nf-fem best wfnn arep ky derh tj`m8?% fm 8 yh`rs

Fdp`bts

‷ Nf-fem wfnn sukstftuth ler sedhbhmtr`n st`tfem phìhrs

‷ K`tthry ster`ch wfnn kh afstrfkuthate b`pturh neb`tfem`n khmhlfts

H`rny Hx`dpnhs‷ @HR 0?? DS, 1-jr phìhr

‷ Ember $8.; K afstrfkutha ster`chrhquhst te Qhx`s _XB


Reurbh7 Hmhrcy Hmvfrem. Rbf., ;?01, 3, 2186 ‒2133 | [ekhrt D. A`rnfmc, Ihvf

C`nn`cjhr, Ghllrhy @. Iew`nsif, Rhumckud J``b `ma Lfifnh [. Krusjhttà.

Burrhmt `ma Luturh _rfbh el Nftjfud

K`tthry Rter`ch Rysthds

Qea`y

Rter`ch Bests Areppfmc L`st ‒ \[K Lnew



Bjh`phr K`tthry Rter`ch

‷ Lnew k`tthry best beuna arep ky

derh tj`m 3?% fm 8 yh`rs

Fdp`bts

‷ Lnew k`tthrfhs wfnn st`rt te afspn`bhsfdpnh bybnh c`s-lfrha „phìhrpn`mts— `ma „fmthrdhaf`th— pewhrpn`mts tj`t burrhmtny ephr`th lred 1te : jeurs phr a`y

H`rny Hx`dpnhs‷ Me burrhmt hx`dpnhs, kut prepes`ns

`rh khfmc dàh


Burrhmt `ma Luturh _rfbh el Lnew

K`tthry Rter`ch Rysthds

Reurbh7 Hmhrcy Hmvfrem. Rbf., ;?01, 3, 2186 ‒2133 |

[ekhrt D. A`rnfmc, Ihvfm C. C`nn`cjhr, Ghllrhy @.

Iew`nsif, Rhumckud J``b `ma Lfifnh [. Krusjhttà.



Cnek`n st`tfem`ry ster`ch lerhb`st7 ;?08-;1

Reurbh7 Hmhrcy Rtr`thcfhs Creup



* Dekfnfty ster`ch hxbnuaha.


?

8

0?

08

;?

;8

2?

28

1?

18

8?

;?08 ;?0< ;?03 ;?0: ;?06 ;?;? ;?;0 ;?;; ;?;2 ;?;1

_rfer budun`tfvh CS @mmu`n CS aaha

C f c ` w ` t t s






‷ Nflhtfdh hbemedfb fdp`bt el fmvhstdhmts fm st`tfem`ry ster`ch wfnn kh jfcjhr tj`mtjh sud el fmftf`n b`pft`n fmvhstdhmt, er `keut $08? kfnnfem.

Afrhbt fmvhstdhmt fm st`tfem`ry k`tthry

ster`ch ky `ppnfb`tfem7 ;?08-;1

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8

0?

08

;?

;8

2?

28

;?08 ;?0< ;?03 ;?0: ;?06 ;?;? ;?;0 ;?;; ;?;2 ;?;1

Lrhquhmby rhcun`tfem[hmhw`knhs fmthcr`tfem

Q&A ahlhrr`n

_hì pewhr sukstftutfem

Kufnafmc hmhrcy d`m`chdhmt

(XR$km)





‷ @s ster`ch khbedhs bjh`phr ma k`n`mbfmc rhqufrhdhmts bùsha ky rhmhw`knhs khbedhderh `buth, `vhr`ch afsbj`rch aur`tfem wfnn bnfdk lred 0.8 jeurs tea`y te 2.8 ky ;?;1.

‷ Aurfmc tjh s`dh phrfea, `vhr`ch d`riht prfbh el ster`ch wfnn l`nn ky mh`rny :?% lredXR$38?,??? phr fmst`nnha DSj el b`p`bfty fm ;?08 te XR$0<?,???/DSj ky ;?;1.

Cnek`n lerhb`st el st`tfem`ryster`ch fm werna d`rihts7 ;?08-;1

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;?08 ;?0< ;?03 ;?0: ;?06 ;?;? ;?;0 ;?;; ;?;2 ;?;1

Cfc`w`tts (budun`tfvh)

Cfc`w`tt jeurs (budun`tfvh)

Buddun`tfvh v`nuh (XR$km)


Bemt`bt Fmlerd`tfem



Bjht Nyems

Leumahr & _rfmbfp`n

Hmhrcy Rtr`thcfhs Creup

bjhtOhmhrcystr`thcfhscreup.bed

D7 63:-::<-2<?6www.hmhrcystr`thcfhscreup.bed


_revfafmc [hnf`knh [hmhw`kHmhrcy `ma Rter`ch

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.energystrategiesgroup.com/

http://www.energystrategiesgroup.com/




@rdema Bejhm

Hxhbutfvh Afrhbter

Bnh`m @fr Q`si Lerbh

Hmhrcy `ma Rter`ch


Neeifmc `jhà7 tjh mhha ler zhre b`



Neeifmc `jhà7 tjh mhha ler zhre b`

lfrd b`p`bfty fm `m untr`-new b`rk

luturh

@rdema Bejhm, Hxhbutfvh Afrhbter

Bnh`m @fr Q`si Lerbh


Qjh Bj`nnhmchs el Hxp`mafmc [hmhw`knh Hmhrcy `ma D`fmt`fmfmc Crfa [hnf`kfnft

D`rbj ;6, ;?0<

RQ@KFNFWFMC BNFD@QH @Q ; AHC[HHR DH@MR MH@[ WHHDFRRFEMR KV DFA BHMQX[V



D@MV R@V QJFR B@M KH AEMH @NN E[ DERQN



@NN SFQJ HMH[CV HLLFBFHMBV @MA

[HMHS@KNHR, _[FD@[FNV SFMA @MA REN@[

SJ@Q SEXNA QJ@Q NEEI NFIH FM MHS

HMCN@MA5

Mhw Hmcn`ma Rbhm`rfe

:?% j nl f a/j nl _\ k



• :?% 4 j`nl wfma/j`nl _\, ky hmhrcy

•Neà a`t` - MV FRE, àgustha ler Mhw Hmcn`ma _hì `m

• Sfma 4 `btu`n FRE MH ler ;?01

• Ren`r _\ 4 M[HN a`t`



<6,;?:

:?,???

FRE-MH RBHM@[FERFMRQ@NNHA B@_@BFQV (DS)



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• 88 dfnnfem Qhsn` _ewhrw`nn k`tthrfhs



• 88 dfnnfem Qhsn` _ewhrw`nn k`tthrfhs

‒ $0<8 kfnnfem (`t $2??? h`bj fmst`nnha er > j`nl el burrhmt be

‒ Leur phr b`pft`

‒ 3<2 phr squ`rh dfnh

• 1< mhw Mertjlfhna Deumt`fm l`bfnftfhs

28,???

FRE MH RBHM@[FERAHBHDKH[ ‒ NFQQNH RX[_NXR

[_R :?

BEM\HMQFEM@N

B@_@BFQV



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Ahd`ma rhspemsh

k n n a ( a n j



• B`m sukst`mtf`n neàs (h.c. fmaustrf`n prebhsshs, j

`ma beenfmc, H\ bj`rcfmc) kh ahlhrrha evhr whhisdemtjs5

• Sfnn d`ger fmaustrf`n b`pft`n fmvhstdhmts kh dàh

ephr`th emny `t new b`p`bfty l`bter (f.h. `t tfdhs

wfma `ma sum surpnushs `rh `v`fn`knh)5

_GD HZ_H[FHMBH A[ ;??6-;?08

• @vhr`ch burt`fndhmt 1 Z phr yh`r



• @vhr`ch burt`fndhmt 1 Z phr yh`r

• @vhr`ch aur`tfem 4 2.8 jeurs

• @vhr`ch `mmu`n tet`n jeurs burt`fnha 4 01 jeurs

• @vhr`ch burt`fndhmt 4 0% el phì

• Jew dubj l`r wh hxtr`pen`th tjfs te derh jeurs, du

`ma whhi-nemc hpfseahs5

Qr`msdfssfem aehsm‖t senvh tjh preknh



Rfdun`tha a`fny wfma b`p`bfty l`bters `bress

HX (D`y ;?2?)



Qjh 0??% SSR `ssudptfems ler D

• 02 CS emsjerh wfma



02 CS emsjerh wfma

• <? CS ellsjerh wfma (0;? B`ph Sfmas)

• 0 CS w`vh (5!)

• ;; CS utfnfty sb`nh _\

D`fmh‖s jfcj beurt puts hma te Kewh



D`fmh s jfcj beurt puts hma te Kewh

Deumt`fm wfma pewhr pn`mQjh preghbt fm _hmeksbet Beumty w`s lfrst prepesha sfx yh`rs `ce,

mhvhr wem rhcun`ters' `pprev`n ‒ ` ahbfsfem `llfrdha Qjursa`y ky

D`fmh Ruprhdh Guafbf`n Beurt.

KV D@QQ KV[MH RQ@LL S[FQH[

Ahbhdkhr 2, ;?08



Hvhm `bimewnhacfmc tjh pessfknh bemtrfkutfem el ARD,

fmthrbemmhbters `ma ster`ch te lfrdfmc up wh`tjhr ahp

rhmhw`knhs, ` ahhp ahb`rkemfs`tfem el tjh crfa wfnn mhh

sfcmflfb`mt phmhtr`tfem el zhre b`rkem lfrd b`p`bfty.

Etjhr `m`nyshs7 XM AHH_ AHB@[KEMFW@QFEM

EL XR

Lfcurh)0;.)Fmbrhdhmt`n)Hmhrcy)Rysthd)Bests)fm);?8?)



c ) ) ) cy) y ) ) ) )

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]$1??!

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$1??!

$<??!

$:??!

$0,???!

$0,;??!

Dfxha! Jfcj![hmhw`knhs! Jfcj!Mubnh`r! Jfcj!BBR!

K f n n f e m s )





FRE MH RBHM@[FER

AHBHDKH[ NFQQNH RX[_NXR

Sjhrh aehs afsp`tbj`knh pewhr pn`y prelft



-

8,???

0?,???

08,???

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;8,???

2?,???

28,???

0 ; 2

1 8

< 3

: 6

0 0 0

0 2 2

0 8 8

0 3 3

0 6 6

; ; 0

; 1 2

; < 8

; : 3

2 ? 6

2 2 0

2 8 2

2 3 8

2 6 3

1 0 6

1 1 0

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1 : 8

8 ? 3

8 ; 6

8 8 0

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3 ; 3

AHBHDKH[ ‒ NFQQNH RX[_NXR

[_R :?BEM\HMQFEM@N

B@_@BFQV0<,;;? DS

Whre b`rkem k`n`mbfmc b`p`bfty eptf

• Mubnh`r7



‒ Hxfstfmc Chm FF

‒ Chm FFF+ (@_-0???) ‒ @av`mbha mem-nfcjt w`thr rh`bters (h.c. denthm s`nt rh`bte

phkknh kha)

• C`s wftj b`rkem b`pturh

• BQs wftj ahb`rkemfzha nfqufa luhn vf` BBR (h.c. `dde

• Jfcj b`p`bfty l`bter rhmhw`knhs

• Afsp`tbj`knh rhmhw`knhs (h.c. wfma/B@HR)



#; Whre b`rkem b`p`bfty preburhdhmt fmbhmtfvhs

• Nemc rum zhre b`rkem b`p`bfty d`riht ùbtf

F tf l t l n lf



• Fmbhmtfvhs ler preburhdhmt el nemc-rum lfrd

b`rkem hmhrcy5• Fm chmhr`tfem-rhcun`tha gurfsafbtfems, rhseu

preburhdhmt àahrs ler b`p`bfty `ma afsp`t

v`nuh5

• Rphbf`n sht `sfah preburhdhmts el zhre b`rksfdfn`r te B`nflermf`‖s senfbft`tfem el hmhrcy s

Dìfmc bnh`m hmhrcy penfbfhs thbjmenecy

mhutr`n . _enfbfhs te bemsfahr weuna fmbnua



• @nnewfmc mubnh`r `ma BBR te p`rtfbfpst`th bnh`m hmhrcy er [_R precr`ds

• Qhbjmenecy-mhutr`n lhahr`n t`x fmbhm

subj `s tjh FQB `ma _QB.

• [hvfsftfmc mubnh`r-afsbrfdfm`tery pre

fm tjh B__.



www.zhreb`rkemcrfa.erc

_`mhn Afsbussfem7 _revfafmc [hnf`knh [hmhHmhrcy `ma Rter`ch

Deahr`ter7 [em`na Q. Chrw`tewsif




_`mhnfsts7

• Gejm Desjhr, Renhbt Hmhrcy Ahvhnepdhmt

• Gejm G. Ihhmh, Gr., RumHafsem

• Bjht Nyems, HRC

• @rdema Bejhm, Bnh`m @fr Q`si Lerbh

Mhtwerifmc Krhì




Lfrdfmc [hmhw`knh Hmhrcy `ma Dhhtfm_hì Hmhrcy Ahd`ma wftj Bnh`m Hm



B`renym E‖Bemmer Afrhbter, Hxthrm`n @ll`frs `ma

Beddumfb`tfems JP XR

Jyare-Puhkhb




PXÆKHB JVA[E_ESH[

B`renym E‖Bemmer

JPXR

N`ma `rh`s el tjh Xmftha Rt`ths `ma Puækhb



[ekust crfa wftj st`th-el-tjh-`rt thbjmenecy

• _n`mmha em ` nemc-thrd k`sfs `ma

ahsfcmha te dhht pewhr mhhas fm



c p

wfmthr

• Qjh dest hxthmsfvh tr`msdfssfem

systhd fm Mertj @dhrfb`

‒ Rysthd nhmctj7 ;0,;1? df.

‒ Mudkhr el sukst`tfems7 82?

‒ 08 fmthrbemmhbtfems wftj

mhfcjkerfmc systhds

• @mmu`n fmvhstdhmt7 $0.< kfnnfem

<;? df.

Kestem (D@)Ahtreft (DF)

Mertj @dhrfb ‖s n`rchst bnh`m hmhrcy preaubhr

• <; jyarehnhbtrfb chmhr`tfmc st`tfems

• ;3 rhshrvefrs wftj ` bedkfmha



ster`ch b`p`bfty el 03< QSj/yh`r wftj

duntf-`mmu`n d`m`chdhmt pn`m• Fmst`nnha b`p`bfty7 2<,<12 DS

• Jfcj ahd`ma `t phì phrfeas7

‒ Qwfbh ` a`y

‒ Sfmthr phì ahd`ma (jfsterfb`n phì7

26,;1? DS em G`mu`ry ;;, ;?01)

• Afllhrhmbh khtwhhm Puækhb‖s phì neà

(wfmthr) `ma suddhr neà7 ;?,??? DS

• @mmu`n fmvhstdhmt7 $0.; kfnnfem

[hbhmt Jyarepewhr Kufna Eut

0<,???DS

N` Cr`mah bedpnhx

0,88?DS



+:.3%

H`std`fm-0, H`std`fm-0-@, R`rbhnnh

`ma [uphrt afvhrsfem

2:8DS

_ærfkemi`

60? DS

[ed`fmh-08;<DS

Qeunmusteub

[ed`fmh bedpnhx



Jyare-Puækhb‖s Bnh`m Hmhrcy Hxperts

2?

28



?

8

0?

08

;?

;8

Q S j

Mhw Veri

Mhw Hmcn`ma

Etjhr D`rihts

Bemtr`bts

Mhw Veri hxperts (;?0?-;?01)

`bbeumtha ler ;8-2?% el mmu`n

hxpert qu`mtftfhs

Mhw Hmcn`ma hxperts (;?0?-;?01)

`bbeumtha ler `reuma 1?% el

`mmu`n hxperts (8?% wjhm

fmbnuafmc tjh \hrdemt bemtr`bt)

Crewfmc Fmthrhst fm Jyare-Puækhb jyarepewhr



PXHKHB

EMQ@[FE

MHS

K[XMRSFBI

DH

\

Q

MJ

D@

MV

[hlurkfsjdhmt

el mubnh`rpn`mts

Bnh`m _ewhr _n`m (5)

[hnf`mbh em m`tur`nc`s `ma bnh`m hmhrcy

mhhas

_n`mt bnesurhs

Puækhb jyarepewhr b`m bemtrfkuth te Mhw Hmcn`

bj`nnhmchs

Mhw Hmcn`ma hmhrcy bj`nnhmchs Puækhb jyarepew

Jh`vy rhnf`mbh em m`tur`n c`s ler pewhr



[HNF@KFNFQV

Jh`vy rhnf`mbh em m`tur`n c`s ler pewhr

preaubtfem

Bemstr`fmha m`tur`n c`s pfphnfmh systhd

@mtfbfp`tha pn`mt bnesurhs tet`nnfmc 0?,??? DS

Mem c`s seurbh

Afsp`tbj`knh `ma lnhxfk`shneà `ma phìfmc

BERQ M`tur`n c`s ahd`ma phìs fm wfmthr bùsfmc

m`tur`n c`s `ma hnhbtrfbfty prfbhs te spfih

Rhburh, rhmhw`knh luh

te tjh ven`tfnfty `ma um

BNH@MHMH[CV

[hnf`mbh em efn/be`n aurfmc wfmthr phìs

Bj`nnhmcfmc CJC rhaubtfem ce`ns ler tjh

hnhbtrfb shbter

[hmhw`knh pewhr

\hry new CJC

Bnh`m Hmhrcy `ma Qr`msdfssfem [hquhst ler _rep

• Qjrhh Rt`ths (Bemmhbtfbut, D`ss`bjushtts `ma

[jeah Fsn`ma) nùmbj ` senfbft`tfem ler prepes`ns ler



nemc thrd bnh`m hmhrcy suppny `ma `ssebf`tha

tr`msdfssfem preghbts

• Ekghbtfvhs7 afvhrsflfha hmhrcy pertlenfe, nemc-thrd

hmvfremdhmt`n `ma hbemedfb khmhlfts, fmbrh`sha

mhtweri rhnf`kfnfty `ma derh st`knh prfbhs

• Kfas sukdfttha G`mu`ry ;:

Hnfcfknh _reghbt Kfas



Nemc-thrd bemtr`bts

ler [_R hnfcfknh

rhseurbhs k`sha em

burrhmt st`th

preburhdhmt

ùtjerfty

B`thcery 0 + shp`r`th

tr`msdfssfem preghbt

bedpemhmt umahr LH[B-

lfnha t`rfll

_repes`ns

fmlr`strubt

beddftdh

venud

Fmbn. \hrdemt Crhhm Nfmh

6 preghbts 006 preghbts

Jyare-Puækhb @ _`rtmhr fm Qwe [L_ Kfas



\H[DEMQ C[HHM NFMH

M_Q

Mertjhrm _`ss Qr`msdfssfem Nfmh[@AFRREM

Sftjfm tjh [L_, M_Q fs tjàv`mbha preghbt.

JP beddfts te ahnfvhr7



AHR B@MQEMR

R@MAV _EMA

PXHKHB

EMQ@[FE

MHS

K[XMRSFBI

DH

\

Q

MJ

D@

MVQJH ME[QJH[M _@RR

P

• @ tet`n el <.2 QSj el bnh

• 0,?6? DS `t tjh tfdhs mhhas ft dest7

• 0< phì jeurs, D

G`mu`ry, Lhkru`ry

Ahbhdkhr

Hnhbtrfbfty afstrfkutfem bedD`ss`bjushtts `ma [jeah

• Luma tjh bests `ssebf`

el tjh M_Q preghbt ler t

luma tjh sukshquhmt ;?

\hrdemt Crhhm Nfmh

_n`ttskurcj

Sfma `ma jyare bedkfm`tfem te suppny ` bnh`m knebi el fmbrhdhmt`n

rhmhw`knh hmhrcy te Mhw Hmcn`ma evhr mhw AB tr`msdfssfem

_reghbt Rudd`ry7



_n`ttskurcj_reghbt Rudd`ry7

• 1?? DS AB tr`msdfssfem preghbt khtwhhm _n`ttskurcj, MV `maMhw J`vhm, \hrdemt (<? dfnhs, umahrcreuma/umahrw`thr)

• Ahvhnepha ky fmaustry nhàfmc bedp`mfhs wftj prevhm b`p`kfnfty7

• Qr`msdfssfem ‒ @mk`rfb/M`tfem`n Crfa

• Sfma ‒ Fmvhmhrcy

• Jyare ‒ JPXR

• Fm shrvfbh ;?;?

• Sfma `ma jyare suppnfhrs wfnn hmthr fmte nemc-thrd __@s (up te ;?

yh`rs) wftj Mhw Hmcn`ma utfnftfhs, utfnfzfmc hxfstfmc rhmhw`knh

bemtr`btfmc ùtjerfty

Bnh`m Hmhrcy [L_ Qfdhnfmh

Lfm`n [L_ Fssuha Mevhdkhr 0;, ;?08

_repes`n Rukdfssfem Ahànfmh G`mu`ry ;:, ;?0<



Sfmmfmc _reghbts Rhnhbtha @prfn ;< ‒ Guny ;<, ;?0<

Bemtr`bt Hxhbutfem wftj HABs Gumh ;2 ‒ Rhpthdkhr ;;, ;?0<Bemtr`bts Rukdfttha ler[hcun`tery @pprev`n

Guny ;< ‒ Ebtekhr ;8, ;?0<

[hcun`tery @pprev`n ;?0<

• Jyare-Puækhb supperts jyarepewhr preburhdhmt nhcfsn`tfem phmafmc fmD`ss`bjushtts `ma urchs tfdhny p`ss`ch tjfs sprfmc

Neeifmc @jhà7 Jyarepewhr preburhdhmt nhcfsn`



• Me dhbj`mfsd hxfsts ler D`ss`bjushtts te pursuh fmbrh`sha nhvhns eljyarepewhr em ` sb`nh tj`t àarhsshs hmhrcy bj`nnhmchs

• Hxpnfbft ùtjerfty ler utfnftfhs te purbj`sh jyarepewhr fs rhqufrha

• _ewhr purbj`sh `crhhdhmts hmsurh ahvhnepdhmt el mhw tr`msdfssfem,crh`thr jyare suppny qu`mtftfhs `ma derh khmhlfbf n thrds ler

bustedhrs

• Bnh`m hmhrcy/tr`msdfssfem be`nftfem hst`knfsjha te àveb`th lernhcfsn`tfem fm suppert el utfnfty sb`nh bnh`m hmhrcy

‒ D`ss`bjushtts Bnh`m Hnhbtrfbfty _`rtmhrsjfp




Rthvh Nh`jy\fbh _rhsfahmt, _enfby

Mertjh`st C`s @ssebf`tfem


D`rbj ;6, ;?0<

Kestem, D@



M`tur`n C`s‖s[enh fm [hcfem‖s

Bnh`m Hmhrcy Luturh

[hd`ris t7

Hmvfremdhmt`n Kusfmhss Beumbfn Lerud

Rthpjhm Nh`jy

Mertjh`st C`s @ssebf`tfem

@keut MC@

Mem-prelft tràh `ssebf`tfem



Neb`n c`s utfnftfhs (NABs) shrvfmc MhwHmcn`ma, Mhw Veri, Mhw Ghrshy,_hmmsynv`mf`

Rhvhr`n fmthrst`th pfphnfmh bedp`mfhs

NMC fdperthrs (Afstrfc`s, [hpsen)`ma NMC trubifmc bedp`mfhs

Evhr 2?? „`ssebf`th dhdkhr—bedp`mfhs, lred fmaustry suppnfhrs`ma bemtr`bters te hnhbtrfb crfaephr`ters

www.mertjh`stc`s.erc



D&MH

_MCQR

Frequefs



Bepyrfcjt7 Mertjh`st C`s @ssebf`tfem_rhp`rha ky7 Mev`r`D`rbj ;?08

Qhmmhsshh

@ncemqufm

Afstrfc`s

B`m`pert

M`tur`n C`s Rhrvfbh /D`riht Rj`rh fm [hcfem



Ler Mhw Hmcn`ma

C`s 4 2:% el jedh jh`tfmc

C`s 4 18% el pewhr chm

C`s 4 <2% el prepesha pewhrchm fm FRE-MH quhuh

;.< dfnnfem c`s bustedhrsfm tjh < st`ths

D`ss`bjushtts M`tur`nC`s Rysthd



Ler D@

C`s 4 2;% el prfd`ry hmhrcy

C`s 4 80% el jedh jh`tfmc

C`s 4 16% el pewhr chm

0.< dfnnfem c`s bustedhrs

Mertjh`st Rt`ths Nhà X.R. fmC`s Hllfbfhmby Fmvhstdhmts



6 Mertjh`st st`ths 4 $82<dfnnfem fmvhstdhmt fm ;?01

Hqu`n te 23.8% el X.R. tet`nel $0.1 kfnnfem

Reurbh7 @BHHH, „;?08 Rt`th Hmhrcy Hllfbfhmby Rberhb`ra—, rhnh`sha Ebt. ;?08

;?01 D@ Nhcfsn`tfem emM`tur`n C`s

J 10<1 , `pprevha um`mfdeusny ky D`ss. Jeush `ma Rhm`th,

`ma sfcmha ky tjh Cevhrmer fm Gumh ;?01



_jete7 Ellfbh el Cevhrmer

_`trfbi

Xpcràh c`s nhì bn`ssflfb`tfem st`ma`ra

@bbhnhr`th tjh rhpn`bhdhmt el enahr, derh „nhì-premh— pfph

Hmbeur`cha utfnfty prepes`ns ler fmbrh`sfmc „tjh `v`fn`kfnfty el

m`tur`n c`s shrvfbh— fm tjh Beddemwh`ntj

_recrhss fm [haubfmcHdfssfems



Hdfssfems lred m`tur`n c`s systhds fm D@j`vh ahbnfmha ky evhr 8?% sfmbh 066?,`bberafmc te D@ HH@‖s rhbhmt CJC`sshssdhmt rhpert. Bj`rt kevh lred rhpert

‒ D@ AH_ a`t` seurbh.

M`tur`n c`s systhds 4 >0.8% el tet`n st`thCJC hdfssfems.

Khndemt, D@, D`rbj ;8, ;?0<

@ Mudkhr el _repes`ns



D`p7 LH[B prhshmt`tfem te MHB_XB, <-08

_hmafmc / _n`mmha _reghbts

Vh`r _reghbt Bedp`my

;?0< @FD @ncemqufm/Rphbtr`



c q / p

;?0< BQ Hxp`msfem Qhmmhsshh/Ifmahr Derc`m

;?0< R`nhd N`thr`n @ncemqufm/Rphbtr`

;?0< Mhw D`riht Aedfmfem

;?0</;?03 C`rahm Rt`th Hxp`msfem Sfnnf`ds

;?03 Bemstftutfem B`ket/Sfnnf`ds

;?03 Srfcjt Fmthrbemmhbt Frequefs

;?03 Mertjhrm @bbhss M`tfem`n Luhn

;?03 \`nnhy N`thr`n Dfnnhmmfud

;?03 B;B _MCQR

_n`mmha _reghbts (bemt‖a)

Vh`r _reghbt Bedp`my

;?03 Reutj te Mertj Frequefs



;?03 Reutj te Mertj Frequefs

;?03 @tn`mtfb Krfach Rphbtr`

;?03 Mhw Veri K`y Hxp`msfem Sfnnf`ds

;?03 [`d`pe Hxp`msfem Dfnnhmmfud

;?03/0: _hmmH`st MG NABs, Rphbtr`

;?0: Mertjh`st Hmhrcy Afrhbt Qhmmhsshh/Ifmahr Derc`m

;?0: @bbhss Mertjh`st Rphbtr`, Hvhrseurbh, M`t‖n

Crfa

;?0: ;?0: _reghbt _MCQR

;?0: H`sthrm Rysthd Xpcràh Dfnnhmmfud



Bemmhbtfbut Hxp`msfem _reghbt7Ifmahr Derc`m / QC_

_reghbt Rbeph7



g p _revfafmc 3; DDbl/a el

àaftfem`n b`p`bfty te dhhtutfnfty ahd`ma

Bustedhrs7XFN Jenafmcs (BQ M`tur`n

C`s & Reutjhrm BQ C`s)

Hvhrseurbh (V`mihh C`s)

_reghbt Rt`tus7

LH[B fssuha bhrtflfb`th,D`r. 00, ;?0<

_repesha Fm-Rhrvfbh A`th

‒ Mevhdkhr ;?0<

Reurbh7 Ifmahr Derc`m

C`s NABs `rh beddfttfmc tefmlr`strubturh fmvhstdhmts

C fnf f f f f



C`s utfnftfhs `rh fmvhstfmc fm

prepesha pfphnfmh preghbts ‒ tedhht luturh utfnfty ahd`ma.

Evhr 0 kfnnfem bukfblhht phr a`y el mhwb`p`bfty ‒

Mhw Hmcn`ma c`s NABs‖

beddftdhmt

C`s _n`mmha te Luhn Derh_ewhr Chm fm [hcfem

_repesha mhw c`s pn`mts fm



_jetes7 Leetprfmt _ewhr

ahvhnepdhmt er bemstrubtfem fmD@, BQ, [F 4 2,;?? DSs,`bberafmc te MH_C@.

Mhw Hmcn`ma Cevhrmers‖Hmhrcy Fmftf`tfvhs

Rt tf f A ;?02 n g f t



_jete7 J`rtlera Beur`mt, @prfn ;?08

Rt`rtfmc fm Ahb. ;?02, shvhr`n gefmt

st`thdhmts hxprhssfmc bembhrm evhrrhcfem‖s jfcj hmhrcy (hnhbtrfb) bests `ma

fdp`bts em hbemedy `ma hmhrcyrhnf`kfnfty.

MHRBEH ;?01 bembhpt ler rhcfem`nhnhbtrfb t`rfll ler pfphnfmh fmvhstdhmt ‒ afa met àv`mbh.

Rt`ths pursufmc duntf-st`th „bnh`m

hmhrcy [L_,— `ma fmafvfau`n st`th

rhcun`tery/nhcfsn`tfvh btfems em hnhbtrfbt`rflls `ma pfphnfmh fmvhstdhmts.



Sh‖rh Dìfmc _recrhss








_ùn G. Jfkk`ra\fbh _rhsfahmt

@m`nysfs Creup


Dhhtfmc Luturh Hmhrcy Mhhas



c cy

HKB ‒ [hmhw`knhs & [hnf`kfnfty

_ùn Jfkk`ra

D`rbj ;?0<



Qjh Bj`nnhmch

• Sfmthr luhn ahnfvhry preknhd fs fdpert`mt, `ma beuna cht wersh Met preknhd ler jh`tfmc & beddhrbf`n/fmaustrf`n prebhss mhhas (m`tur`n c`s NAB

`rh eknfc`tha te `bqufrh rhseurbhs te dhht mhhas9 k`biha ky lhahr`n sftfmc ùtjerft

[hseurbh bj`mchs wfnn fmbrh`sh rhcfem‖s hnhbtrfb systhd mhha ler c`s

Luma`dhmt n hbemedfb/bedphtftfem k`rrfhr rhd`fms te lfrd, yh`r-reuma tr`mspert`tbemtr`bts ler hnhbtrfbfty chmhr`tfem

• @aaftfem`n c`s-lfrha b`p`bfty wfnn kh àaha te rhpn`bh nhc`by umfts9

Ahphmahmbh em M`tur`n C`s



„mfdknh— b`p`bfty wfnn kh mhhaha `s ahcrhh el systhd mht v`rf`kfnftyfmbrh`sh (auh te bj`mchs fm chmhr`tfem & neà)

• FREMH j`s tìhm sthps wftjfm fts purvfhw ‒ lebusha em luhn-mhutr`n

d`riht senutfems te ahnfvhr new-best, hllfbfhmt eutbedhs

Fmbhmtfvhs ler fmvhstdhmts ler luhn `ssur`mbh `ma phrlerd`mbh wjhm mhhaha ‒ LB_F, 3-yh`r nebi-fm, snepfmc ahd`ma burvh

[hshrvh nhvhns ma prfbfmc9 hmhrcy d`riht tfdfmc ma lnhxfkfnfty

_hrlerd`mbh ùaftfmc, fmbrh`sha vfsfem fmte c`s systhd bemaftfems

• Nhlt te d`riht, rhnf`knh senutfems wfnn hdhrch

Qjh Bj`nnhmch

• Bemvhrsfem el hxfstfmc `sshts te au`n-luhn b`p`kfnfty Qjeus`mas el DS el hxfstfmc c`s-emny b`p`bfty b`m àa au`n-luhn b`p`kfnfty

Bemvhrsfems j`vh j`pphmha, `ma `rh umahrw`y

L`fnurh te ae se (`ma hmsurfmc luhn em sfth) fmbrh`shs rfsi el b`p`bfty d`rihtphrlerd`mbh phm`ntfhs

• Kufnafmc au`n-luhn b`p`kfnfty fmte mhw b`p`bfty

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3-29-16 Energy Resources Program - Expanding Renewable Energy and Maintaining Grid Reliability