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3-1
Team Beginnings
Chapter 3
3-2
Stages of Teamwork Group Development Perspective
3-3
Stages of Teamwork Project Development Perspective
Based on characteristics of projects
McGrath (1990) Inception Problem solving Conflict resolution Execution
New product teams (Ancona & Caldwell,1990) Creation Development Diffusion
3-4
Stages of Teamwork Cyclical Perspective
Marks, Mathieu, and Zacarro (2001) Temporal cycles Action, interpersonal, and transition cycles
Gersick (1988) Punctuated Equilibrium
3-5
Stages of Teamwork
Implications of Team Development Stages
Stage theories do not always apply
Emotional highs/lows are normal
Developing the group is important
Times of lower task performance are normal
3-6
Group Socialization
Process by which a person becomes a member of the group
Evaluation and commitment from both sides
Stages: InvestigationSocializationMaintenance
3-6
Group Socialization
Teams constantly changing Flash teams
Positive and negative effects of turnover in teams
Focus on team roles rather than team members
3-7
Team Goals Value and Characteristics of Goals
Value: Direction Motivation
Good goals are: Clear Specific Measurable Moderately difficult Involve team participation
3-8
Team Goals
3-9
Team Goals Hidden Agendas
Types: Motivational Directional
Result is damaged trust
Better dealt with indirectly Focus on group goals Correct communication problems
3-10
Group Norms Ground rules that define appropriate and
inappropriate behavior in a group ImplicitExplicit
FunctionsExpress central valuesHelp coordinate activitiesDefine appropriate behavior Create distinctive identity
3-11
Group Norms How Norms are Formed
Usually unconscious and gradual over timeBased on:
Past groups, outside standards, early group behavior
Impact of Group NormsFairer communicationMaintain respectDistribute powerEnforce conformity
Hawthorne studies
3-12
Application: Jump-Starting Project Teams
Team Warm-UpsDevelop social relations
Project Definitions and PlanningHelp form mental model and effective behavior
Team ContractPlans for how the team will manage its teamwork
activities
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
Activity Continued