Name________________________________________________Date__________Period______

2nd Semester Physics ACP Review

Directions: TURN THIS IN THE DAY OF YOUR EXAM. You will receive a grade on your completed review. Each section has the objective listed. • Each section has the number of questions you can expect on your ACP for that particular objective.

TEK: Characterize materials as conductors or insulators based on their electrical properties. 2 Questions on ACP Critical Information:

• Insulators have charges that stay in one location (electrons cannot move far).

• Example insulators include air, glass, paper, plastic, wood, rubber. Conductors have electrons move freely along the surface of the material. Example conductors include all metals, tap water

_____1. Doug rubs a piece of fur on a hard rubber rod, giving the rod a

negative charge. What happens? A. Protons are removed from the rod. B. Electrons are added to the rod. C. The fur is also charged negatively. D. Fur is left neutral

_____2. A repelling force must occur between two charged objects under which conditions?

A. charges are of unlike signs B. charges are of equal magnitude C. charges are of like signs D. charges are of unequal magnitude

_____3. When charging two objects by rubbing them together: A. neither may be a conductor. B. they must be made of different material. C. they will sometimes end up with both being positively

charged. D. the heat produced by friction is a necessary part of this

process.

_____4. Of the following substances, which one contains the highest density of free electrons?

A. Rubber B. Glass C. Iron D. Amber

_____5. Which of the following best characterizes electrical conductors? A. low mass density B. poor heat conductors C. total electric charge is zero D. electric charges move freely

_____6. Which of the following best characterizes electrical insulators? A. charges on the surface don't move B. good heat conductors C. high tensile strength D. electric charges move freely

_____7. A glass sphere, a copper sphere, a wood sphere and a rubber sphere are placed on individual insulating stands. Which sphere will distribute electrical charge over its surface most quickly?

A. glass B. copper C. wood D. rubber

Work/Explanation/Proof 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

_____8. An initially uncharged sphere (sphere B) is charged by a negatively

charged sphere. What materials are the spheres made up of? A. Sphere A and B were insulators B. Sphere A and B were conductors C. Sphere A was an insulator, Sphere B was a conductor D. Sphere A was a conductor, sphere B was an insulator

_____9. Sphere A and Sphere B show electrons on them. Based on how the electrical charges are distributed, which statement is most likely correct?

A. Sphere A is an insulator, Sphere B is a conductor B. Both Sphere A and Sphere B are insulators C. Both Sphere A and Sphere B are conductors . D. Sphere A is a conductor, Sphere B is an insulator

TEK: Investigate and calculate in terms of current through, potential difference across, resistance of, and power used by electric circuit elements connected in both series and parallel combinations. 2 Questions on ACP

Main Equation (Ohm's Law):

• V = IR o V = potential difference. Aka voltage. (Unit = volts) o I = current (Unit = Amps) o R = Resistance (Unit = Ohms. Ω)

Key Information:

• For a series circuit o Current is the same throughout o Equivalent resistance is the sum of all resistors (Req= R1 + R2 + R3 ...)

• For a parallel circuit: o Potential difference is the same throughout o Equivalent resistance is the reciprocal of the resistors

𝑹𝒆𝒒 =𝟏

𝟏𝑹𝟏

+𝟏𝑹𝟐

+𝟏𝑹𝟑

• To measure current: o Use an ammeter. Must be hooked up in series →

o Symbol is

• To measure potential difference (voltage): o Use a voltmeter. Must be hooked up in parallel →

o Symbol is

Work/Explanation/Proof 8.

9.

_____10. Which is the current in the circuit shown below? A. 2A B. 4 A C. 0.5A D. 0.25A

Use the picture on the right for the next 2 questions _____11. In the circuit to the left,

equivalent resistance is A. 300 Ω B. 650 Ω C. 54.16 Ω

_____12. Which of the following is equal at each point along the circuit in the picture?

A. current B. potential C. power D. resistance

Answer the next 3 questions based on the diagram

_____13. Which of the following is equal at each point along this circuit? A. current B. potential difference C. power D. resistance

_____14. The current through the 300 resistor is: A. 120 A B. 25 A C. 0.04 A D. d. 60 A

_____15. The equivalent resistance in the above circuit is: A. 620 Ω B. 60 Ω C. 0.0166 Ω D. 0.013 Ω E. 0 6. Ω

_____16. The current through a wire is 2A, the voltage is 15V. What is the resistance through the circuit?

A. 7.5 ohms B. 30 ohms C. 1.76 ohms D. 17 ohms

_____17. The resistance of the wire is 0.2 ohms, the voltage is 120V. What is the current in the wire?

A. 24A B. 600A C. 5.008A D. 0.1996A

Work/Explanation/Proof 10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

_____18. What is the current through the 2 ohm resistor for the circuit →?

A. 120A B. 6A C. 20A D. 2A

_____19. Where would you place an ammeter and voltmeter in the following circuit? Assume you want to measure the voltage drop for EACH resistor. How would you measure the total voltage of the entire circuit? Draw the set up on the circuit below.

_____20. What is the resistance of a circuit with 120V and 4A?

_____21. What is the resistance of a circuit with 120V and 30A?

_____22. What is the current in a 12V circuit if the resistance is 20 Ω? _____23. What voltage is required to move 2A through 20 Ω? _____24. What is the current in a 20V circuit if the resistance is 10 Ω?

TEK: Investigate and describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields in applications such as generators, motors, and transformers. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP. Key Information:

• Transformers: transform electricity into the required current and voltage (for whatever job is at hand) o step-up transformers: used to transport electricity at a high voltage and low current. Example: electricity leaving a power

plant o step-down transformers: takes electricity and lowers the voltage (increases the current). Example: transformer for your

cell phone. o Transformers make use of electricity and magnetism.

• Generators: turns mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a wire loop through a magnetic field. o Current flows in alternating directions as the loop is turned and the electrons in the wire are pushed by the north or south

poles of the magnet _____25. In the transformer shown below, which of the following is true?

A. Current is decreased, Voltage is increased

B. Current is decreased, Voltage is decreased

C. Current is increased, Voltage is decreased

D. Current is increased, Voltage is increased

Work/Explanation/Proof 18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

Work/Explanation/Proof 25.

_____26. Transformers are designed to step-down the voltage of electricity that

is generated in a power station to safe levels before the electricity reaches homes. Based on what principle does the transformer function?

A. Electricity and magnetism B. Electricity and nuclear energy C. Magnetism and nuclear energy D. Magnetism and electrostatic force

_____27. In a step-up transformer, which of the following is true? A. Current is decreased, Voltage is increased B. Current is decreased, Voltage is decreased C. Current is increased, Voltage is decreased D. Current is increased, Voltage is increased

_____28. Explain how magnetism and electricity are two sides of the same coin (ie. How one can create the other, use examples.)

_____29. What is a motor?

_____30. What is a generator?

_____31. What is a transformer?

_____32. A loop is placed between the poles of a magnet as shown at right. The current is traveling in a clockwise direction in the loop (as viewed from the right). Will the loop rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise as viewed from the front of the magnet?

A. Clockwise B. Counterclockwise C. It will not rotate D. It will rotate in another direction

_____33. Draw the magnetic field lines (with arrows).

A. B.

_____34. The diagram at right shows two wires, A and B, which are oriented

perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Note that the current is

flowing in opposite directions. Draw the magnetic fields created. Then

decide if the wires will:

A. Attractive B. Repulsive C. No force

Work/Explanation/Proof 26.

27.

32.

33.

34.

xA B

_____35. Indicate the direction of the magnetic force.

A. B.

TEK: Examine and describe oscillatory motion and wave propagation in various types of media. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP.

TEK: Compare characteristics and behaviors of transverse waves (including electromagnetic waves and the EM spectrum), and characteristics and behaviors of longitudinal waves (including sound waves) 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP Key Information:

• There are two primary shapes of waves:

• Transverse waves: the vibration and direction of energy are perpendicular (90°). o Example: electromagnetic waves, light

• Longitudinal waves: vibration and energy travel parallel. o Example: sound waves.

Sound waves travel fastest in solids. Slowest in gases. Light waves travel fastest in a vacuum (think outer space).

_____36. A student performs an experiment on waves and finds that the energy of the wave seems to move at a 90° angle to the movement of the particles. The student observed a/an

A. Transverse wave B. Longitudinal wave C. Standing wave D. Polarizing wave

_____37. A student performs an experiment on waves and finds that the energy of the wave moves parallel to the movement of the particles. The student observed a/an:

A. Light wave B. Sound wave C. Guitar strings wave D. None of the above

_____38. Which waves have oscillations parallel to their direction of motion? A. sound waves from a stereo speaker B. water waves on the ocean surface C. radio waves from a transmitter D. light waves in an optic fiber

_____39. Which of the following best describes the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves?

A. Transverse waves vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

B. Transverse waves vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

C. Longitudinal waves vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

D. Longitudinal waves vibrate in little circles in the direction of wave propagation.

Work/Explanation/Proof 35.

Work/Explanation/Proof 36.

37.

38.

39.

_____40. In a wave experiment it is determined that the particles of the wave

moves perpendicular to the movement of the particles. What kind of wave was observed?

A. Sound B. Light C. Heat D. Ripples of water

_____41. Which of the following statements about waves are true? A. Sound waves travel fastest through vacuum B. Electromagnetic waves travel fastest through vacuum C. Sound waves travel fastest in air D. Light travels fastest through water

TEK: Investigate and analyze characteristics of waves including velocity, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, and calculate using the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP Key Information: v= fλ

• V = velocity (m/s)

• f = frequency (hertz)

• A = wavelength (meters)

_____42. If the above wave is 9 meters long, what is the

wavelength? _____43. If the above wave is 12 meters long and the speed is

50 m/s, what is the frequency? _____44. A student produces the

following wave in a rope. What is the amplitude in centimeters (cm)?

A. 4 cm B. 5 cm C. 9 cm D. 1 cm

_____45. Which is the wavelength of a wave that travels at a

speed of 3.0 * 108 m/s and has a frequency of 1.5 x 1016 Hz?

A. 2.0 x 10-8 m/s B. 5.0 x 107 m/s C. 2.0 x 108 m/s D. 6.0 x 1024 m/s

_____46. When the frequency of a sound wave is doubled, then:

A. both the velocity and wavelength double B. the wavelength halves C. the velocity halves D. the velocity halves and the wavelength doubles

Work/Explanation/Proof 40.

41.

Work/Explanation/Proof 42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

Use the above wave to answer the questions below: (each one is a question. Not multiple choice!) _____47. What would the wavelength be if the above wave is 20 meters

long? _____48. What would the speed be if the frequency was 725 Hz? (use

wavelength from #47) _____49. What would the speed if the frequency was 1600 Hz? (use

wavelength from #47) _____50. What would the wavelength be if the above wave is 4 meters?

_____51. What is the speed if the frequency is 567 Hz? (use wavelength from #50)

TEK: Investigate behaviors of waves, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, resonance, and the Doppler Effect. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP Key Information:

• Reflection: light or sound can bounce off an object. Example: light bouncing off a mirror. Echoing sound in a parking garage.

• Refraction: light passes through a substance and bends in the process. Example: Looking at your straw through a glass of water

• Diffraction: both light and sound can bend around obstacles. This is also the "fan" you see when it passes through a narrow opening.

• Interference: waves can collide. This can either amplify the waves (constructive interference) or reduce the waves (destructive interference).

• Resonance: an object will vibrate at its natural frequency. This results in an increase in amplitude. Example: breaking a glass with your voice.

• Doppler Effect: there is a shift in apparent sound frequency as an object moves. o Objects move toward each other: Higher frequency, shorter wavelength. o Objects move away from each other; lower frequency, longer wavelength

_____52. Astronauts traveling toward Earth in a fast-moving spacecraft

receive a radio signal from an antenna on Earth. Compared to the frequency and wavelength of the radio signal emitted from the antenna, the radio signal received by the astronauts has a-

A. lower frequency and a shorter wavelength B. lower frequency and a longer wavelength C. higher frequency and a shorter wavelength D. higher frequency and a longer wavelength

_____53. A saxophone vibrates at 256-hertz. It is brought near a non-

vibrating tuning fork. The tuning fork begins to vibrate at the same frequency. Which phenomenon causes the non-vibrating tuning fork to begin to vibrate?

A. Diffraction B. Resonance C. Interference D. Doppler Effect

Work/Explanation/Proof 47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

Work/Explanation/Proof 52.

53.

_____54. The double slit experiment

shown to the right is caused by

A. Diffraction B. C. Interference D. All of the above E. None of the above

_____55. Which phenomenon provides evidence that light has a wave

nature? A. Emission of light from an energy-level transition in a

hydrogen atom B. Diffraction of light passing through a narrow opening C. Absorption of light by a black sheet of paper D. Reflection of light from a mirror

_____56. A dampened fingertip rubbed around the rim of a crystal

stemware glass causes the glass to vibrate and produce a musical note. This effect is due to

A. resonance B. reflection C. refraction D. rarefaction

_____57. A/an ______________ has energy but no mass

A. Electron B. Proton C. Photon D. Neutron

For help on the next questions: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/fix.cfm https://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/free.cfm

A pulse is sent through a rope.

_____58. In the box, draw the pulse as it returns after reflecting from a fixed end.

_____59. Draw the pulse as it returns after reflecting from a free end.

Another pulse is sent through a rope.

_____60. Draw the pulse as it returns after reflecting from a fixed end.

_____61. Draw the pulse as it returns after reflecting from a free end.

Work/Explanation/Proof 54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61

_____62. This question shows pulses A and B at time = 0 as they head toward each other. Each pulse travels at a constant speed of 2 squares per

second on a string which is 16 squares long. For this questions at t = 1 s, 2 s, 3 s, and 4 s, show the position of pulse A in red and pulse B

in blue. Using the principle of superposition/wave interference, show the resultant displacement of the string in green.

_____63. The incident wavefronts are shown below. Draw in the refracted

wavefronts. At any location you wish, draw the normal, the incident

and the refracted ray. Label the incident and refracted rays and

angles.

_____64. Draw the waves as they pass through the slits.

TEK: Describe and predict image formation as a consequence of reflection from a plane mirror and refraction through a thin convex lens. 2 questions on ACP

_____65. A top view of a mirror and an arrow is shown below. For help →

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/optics/ifpm.cfm

A. Locate and sketch the image of the arrow.

B. Position an observer’s eye where the whole image could be seen.

C. Draw a ray diagram that shows how light from both ends of the arrow

reach the observer.

For help → https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Refraction-and-Lenses/Optics-Bench/Optics-Bench-Refraction-Interactive _____66. An object is at 2F. Where will the image form? DRAW IT on the diagram.

A. Inside F B. Between F and 2F C. At 2F D. Beyond 2F

_____67. How would you describe the image from above?

A. Inverted, reduced, real B. Inverted, same size, real C. Inverted, magnified, real D. No image is formed.

_____68. An object is well beyond 2F. Where will the image form? DRAW IT on the

diagram A. Inside F B. Between F and 2F C. At 2F D. Beyond 2F

_____69. How would you describe the image from above?

A. Inverted, reduced, real B. Inverted, same size, real C. Inverted, magnified, real D. No image is formed.

_____70. An object is between F and 2F. Where will the image form? DRAW IT on the

diagram A. Inside F B. Between F and 2F C. At 2F D. Beyond 2F

_____71. How would you describe the image from above?

A. Inverted, reduced, real B. Inverted, same size, real C. Inverted, magnified, real D. No image is formed.

TEK: Describe the photoelectric effect and the dual nature of light. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP. Key Information:

• Photoelectric effect: light hits a metal and knocks of electrons. o Shows the particle nature of light.

• Photons are the bundles of light energy. Photons have both energy and momentum. o Photons do NOT have mass. o The energy is directly proportional to frequency. (Planck’s equation) E = hf o The higher the frequency of the light, the more energy. o The lower the frequency of light, the less energy.

• Double Slit Experiment: Diffraction shows the wave nature of light.

o Why? Because the light “fans” out as it passes through a narrow opening. Just like water.

_____72. An electromagnetic wave transmits —

A. energy but not matter B. matter but not energy C. both matter and energy D. neither energy nor matter

_____73. Which phenomenon provides evidence that light has a wave

A. Emission of light from an energy-level transition in a hydrogen atom

B. Diffraction of light passing through a narrow opening C. Absorption of light by a black sheet of paper D. Reflection of light from a mirror

_____74. Photoelectric effect is defined as

A. Photons of light hit a metal target. This causes the metal target to give out electrons.

B. Light waves constructive interference to create more intense light

C. A photoelectron returning to the ground state from its excited state

D. None of the above

_____75. Students are conducting an experiment on the photoelectric effect. In order to increase the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons, the students must use light of

A. High amplitude B. High intensity C. High wavelength D. High frequency

_____76. A photon of light has:

A. Energy and mass B. Mass and momentum C. Energy, mass, and momentum D. Energy and momentum

TEK: Compare and explain the emission spectra produced by various atoms. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP Key Information:

• Electrons travel in different energy levels.

• When a photon of light hits an electron, that electron jumps to a higher energy level. This is called the excited state.

• For an electron to return to ground state it must give off energy. It gives off visible light as energy and returns to its original energy level.

• Every element has its own electron configuration. This means every element has its own emission spectra.

• Emission spectra is the visible light given off by an excited electron(s).

_____77. Which part of the atom is responsible for emission spectra? A. The protons in the nucleus split B. The electrons in the outer orbitals split C. The electrons in their orbital change energy levels D. The neutrons in the nucleus split

_____78. What is responsible for an element's emission spectra?

A. Atomic mass B. How many electrons an atom has C. Density D. Electron configuration and arrangement

Work/Explanation/Proof 72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

TEK: Describe the significance of mass-energy equivalence and apply it to explanations of phenomena such as nuclear stability, fission, and fusion. 2 QUESTIONS ON ACP Key Information:

• Einstein showed us E=mc2. This relates mass and energy and that you can convert between them.

• Nuclear reactions release massive energy due to destruction/conversion of mass into pure energy.

• Binding energy: two ways of looking at it o Energy released when a nucleus forms o Energy necessary to break a nucleus apart.

• The difference in binding energy of products and reactants = the energy released in a nuclear reaction.

• 4 Fundamental Forces in Nature: o Strong: Force that holds the nucleus together. Strongest force, but works over very small distances. o Electromagnetic: Force that holds 2 atoms together. Positive and negatives attract. o Weak: short-range nuclear force. Responsible for beta decay. o Gravitational: long-range force that can act over millions of miles.

_____79. The atomic nucleus has positively charged protons held in a small

space, but they do not repel each other even though all protons have like charges. What force keeps the nucleus together?

A. Electromagnetic B. Gravitational C. Strong nuclear D. Weak nuclear

_____80. What force is responsible for causing (mediating) beta decay? A. Strong B. Weak C. Electromagnetic D. Gravitational

_____81. Some radioactive elements give out alpha particles, in the form of a Helium nucleus, in a process known as alpha decay. Which of the following forces is responsible for alpha decay?

A. Strong nuclear forces B. Weak nuclear forces C. Electrostatic forces D. Gravitational forces

_____82. The nucleus of a helium atom is an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. Which statement best explains how the two protons in an alpha particle can be bound so closely together?

A. The strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are the same.

B. The strong nuclear force is weaker than the electromagnetic C. The strong nuclear force is strong than the electromagnetic force D. The strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are

negligible.

_____83. A helium atom consists of two protons, two electrons, and two neutrons. In the helium atom, the strong force is a fundamental interaction between

A. Electrons only B. Electrons and protons C. Neutrons and electrons D. Neutrons and protons

_____84. Albert Einstein proposed the equation, E=mc2. His equation states that

the energy of a nuclear reaction can be calculated using A. The sum of the original mass and the new mass of the nucleus B. The ratio of the original mass and the new mass of the nucleus C. The difference in the original mass and the new mass of the

nucleus D. The product of the original mass and the new mass of the

nucleus

_____85. In a nuclear reaction, what explains the "missing mass"? A. V = IR B. P = IV C. v = fλ D. e = mc2

_____86. What is the energy released in a nuclear reaction?

A. The sum of reactant and product binding energies B. The difference in reactant and product binding energies C. The product in reactant and product binding energies D. The ratio of reactant and product binding energies.

Work/Explanation/Proof 79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

TEK: Explain everyday examples that illustrate the four laws of thermodynamics and the processes od thermal energy transfer 2 QUESTIONS ON THE ACP Key points

• Conduction: heat transfer by contact

• Convection: heat transfer by fluid motion (hot air rises and hot water also rises)

• Radiation: heat transfer by electromagnetic waves

• Heat in terms of the transfer of molecular motion within a system o Temperature is the average kinetic energy of an object or system (units are Kelvin or Celcius) o Heat is the total kinetic energy (units are Joules)

• Concept of thermal equilibrium: Transfer of average kinetic energy in a system until all the average kinetic energy is equal

• Q = mcp ∆T o Heat gained or lost = (mass)(specific heat)(change in temperature)

• Specific heat is a property of a material and shows its resistance to changing temperature

• Pressure: force per unit area the molecules exert on the wall of a container (units are Pascal or Newtons/meter2

• Kinetic energy of atoms: heat

• Relationship between temperature, heat, and work

• Work can change the temperature or heat of a system

• Laws of Thermo: o 0th o 1st o 2nd o 3rd

Matching A. Absolute Zero B. Celsius C. Conduction D. Convection E. Entropy F. Fahrenheit G. Heat

H. Heat Engine I. Internal Energy J. 0th Law of Thermodynamics K. 1st Law of Thermodynamics L. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics M. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics N. Radiation

O. Refrigerator P. Temperature Q. Thermal Energy R. Thermodynamics S. Thermometer

_____87. The total amount of energy contained in an object. _____88. This states that when two objects are in contact, heat will flow until they are in thermal equilibrium. _____89. Heat that is transferred by movement of a fluid. _____90. The energy transferred between objects in contact as a result of temperature difference. _____91. A device that uses heat to do work and but is 100% efficient and expels excess heat. _____92. A measure of the average molecular kinetic energy. _____93. Thermal energy in motion. _____94. This states that it is impossible to achieve a temperature of absolute zero. _____95. A device that uses work to move heat from a cold place to a hotter one. _____96. The amount of disorder in a system. _____97. A transfer of heat energy through space by means of electromagnetic waves. _____98. The study of the flow of heat energy. _____99. This states that heat will always flow from hot objects to cold objects, efficiency is always less than 100%, and total disorder can never

decrease. _____100. The lowest possible temperature on the Kelvin scale where all molecules would stop. _____101. This states that energy is never created or destroyed: heat lost by an object is gained by another. _____102. A unit of measurement that was once called Centigrade because there are 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water

in this scale. _____103. A unit of temperature in which the freezing point of water is 32 degrees. _____104. A capillary tube with a liquid that is calibrated to measure temperature. _____105. The total energy of motion of the molecules in an object.

_____106. Which of the following things has the most thermal energy? A) The ocean B) A camp fire C) A hot oven D) A hot water bottle

_____107. What is the causes heat to flow? A) Temperature B) Thermal Energy C) Temperature Difference D) Coldness

_____108. Two objects in thermal equilibrium have

A) the same energy B) the same temperature C) different temperatures D) the same heat

_____109. Which of the following is the best conductor of heat? A) Wood B) Water C) Aluminum D) Plastic

Work/Explanation/Proof 106.

107.

108.

109.

_____110. A certain type of decorative lamp contains colored liquids. These liquids form globs that break off and rise to the top of the liquid. The globs rise due to _________.

_____111. In the school cafeteria, heat lamps are often used to keep prepared for for all 3 lunches. This process of thermal energy transfer is _______________.

_____112. The metal skewer gets so hot that you drop your

marshmallow in the campfire because of ____.

_____113. Heat is ____while temperature is ____

A. The total kinetic energy of the molecules in an object, how much heat an object has.

B. The total thermal energy in an object, the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

C. How hot or cold something is, how much heat an object has.

D. The average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object, the total kinetic energy of the molecules in an object.

_____114. What does temperature measure?

A. Potential Energy B. Chemical Energy C. Average Kinetic Energy D. Solar Energy

_____115. Ms. Ansari likes her coffee nice and hot. She pours 0.250 kg

of water with an initial temperature of 98.8 C into her room temperature ceramic coffee mug and allows it to reach thermal equilibrium. Assume the specific heat of coffee is that of water (4186 J/kg*K). If 27,850 J of heat are lost to the mug in the transfer, what is the final temperature of her coffee in degrees Kelvin?

_____116. Which of the following is FALSE?

A. Cold objects ALWAYS have less heat than hot objects

B. Absolute zero is the temperature where there is NO kinetic energy of molecules.

C. Heat flows naturally from hot to cold. D. Cold objects have heat.

_____117. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics

A. States that energy is destroyed after use. B. States that the internal energy of a system is equal to

the heat lost/gained minus the energy lost/gained as work.

C. States that entropy of a system is always increasing. D. States that molecules tend to move towards order

and organization.

_____118. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics_____.

A. States that energy is destroyed after use. B. States that the internal energy of a system is equal to

the heat lost/gained minus the energy lost/gained as work.

C. States that entropy of a system is always increasing. D. States that molecules tend to move towards order

organization.

_____119. Which image shows greater entropy?

A. B.

Work/Explanation/Proof 110.

111.

112.

113.

114.

115.

116.

117.

118,

119.

TEK: Calculate the mechanical energy of, power generated within, impulse applied to, and momentum of a physical system.

2 questions on ACP

Key Points

• Mechanical energy (ME) = potential energy (PE) + kinetic energy (KE)

• You may need to use F=ma in a 2 step process

• Momentum is mass x velocity

• Impulse has 2 ways to calculate

o Impulse = force times time

o Impulse = mass times change in velocity

• Momentum: Mass in motion

• Impulse is the change in momentum

_____120. What is the impulse of an 8 kg object moving from 9 m/s to 3

m/s?

_____121. The table shows the mass, velocity and height of four different objects. Which one has the greatest mechanical energy.

_____122. A golfer hits a 0.050 kg golf ball, giving it a speed of 78 m/s.

What is the impulse?

A. 1.2 Ns (Newton seconds)

B. 3.9 Ns

C. 6.2 Ns

D. 8.7 Ns

_____123. An airbag is used to safely decrease the momentum of a

driver in a car crash. The airbag reduces the magnitude of the

force on the driver by:

A. Increasing the length of time the force acts on the

driver

B. Decreasing the distance over which the force acts on

the driver

C. Increasing the rate of acceleration of the driver

D. Decreasing the mass of the driver

_____124. A 0.75 kg ball moving at 20 m/s is brought to a stop by a force

of 5 N. How many seconds does it take to stop the ball?

A. 3 s

B. 5 s

C. 15 s

D. 4 s

_____125. A 4 kg bowling ball moves at 12 m/s. A force of 8 N slows it

down to 2 m/s. How long was the force applied?

A. 0.2 s

B. 1 s

C. 5 s

D. 6 s

_____126. Which statement accurately describes what happens as a ball

falls freely (without air resistance) toward the ground?

A. The total mechanical energy of the ball remains the

same, but its potential energy decreases.

B. The total mechanical energy of the ball remains the

same, but its kinetic energy decreases.

C. The total mechanical energy of the ball increases, but

its kinetic energy decreases.

D. The total mechanical energy of the ball decreases, but

its potential energy increases.

Work/Explanation/Proof 120.

121.

122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

_____127. A 1000 kg car smashes into a wall with a force of 200

N and stops in 0.02 s. What was the initial velocity of

the car?

_____128. How much time does it take to slow down a 20 kg

object with a force of 8 N from 40 m/s to 20 m/s?

TEK: Demonstrate and apply the laws of conservation of momentum in one dimension. 2 questions on ACP Key Points

• Energy is conserved (meaning equal) from one form to another

• Momentum is conserved (meaning equal) before and after a collision

• Write your conservation of momentum equation here. Modify it to show both an elastic and inelastic collision

_____129. A10 kg box car moving at 6 m/s crashes into a 20 kg

box car that is at rest. After the crash, the two cars

are stuck. What is the final velocity?

_____130. A steel ball and a piece of clay have the same mass.

They are dropped from the same height on a

horizontal steel platform. The ball bounces back with

nearly the same speed with which it hit. The clay

sticks to the platform. Which object experiences the

change in momentum?

A. The ball

B. The clay

C. Both have the same change

D. There is no change for either

_____131. Two balls, A and B, are involved in a collision, seen below. What is the velocity of B after the collision?

_____132. In any collision,

A. Total momentum is not conserved

B. Total kinetic energy is conserved

C. Total momentum is conserved

D. Total momentum and kinetic energy are

conserved and the masses are equal.

_____133. The Dad has a mass of 80 kg and the his daughter

has a mass of 40 kg. They are both at rest and push

off from each other. Predict what will happen.

A. Dad moves to the left at a higher velocity than

his daughter who moves to the right.

B. Dad moves to the right at a lower velocity than

his daughter who moves to the left

C. Dad moves to the left at a lower velocity to the

left than his daughter who moves to the right.

D. Dad and his daughter both move to the right at

the same velocity

Work/Explanation/Proof 106.

107.

Work/Explanation/Proof 129.

130.

131.

132.

133.