2nd Philippine National Sanitation Summit -Presentation 8

8/6/2019 2nd Philippine National Sanitation Summit -Presentation 8

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MasbateMasbate’’s Zero Open Defecations Zero Open DefecationProgram through CommunityProgram through Community--ledled

Total SanitationTotal Sanitation2nd National Sanitation Summit: Better Water Quality and

Safety through Improved Sanitation

9-10 July 2008Asian Development Bank Auditorium, ADB Headquarters

Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City

Edgar ViterboCountry AdvisorPlan Philippines

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its

Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for

any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.



Cagayan/Isabela

Total Phase-out

End of FY08

Mindoro Occ.Phasing-in

Cebu/Camotes

Start Phasingdown by

FY09

Masbate 1Mid-Phase

NorthernSamar

Mid-Phase

WesternSamar

Mid-Phase

Eastern

SamarMid-Phase

SouthernLeyte

Mid-PhaseAgusan del

SurPhasing-in

Plan Program Units (PU) in the Philippines

Virtual PUCountry Office

Phasing-in



What is CLTS?What is CLTS?Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a revolutionary

low-cost approach to rural sanitation:

– – hands hands - - off facilitation,off facilitation, – – community appraisal, analysis and action, and community appraisal, analysis and action, and

– no hardware subsidy no hardware subsidy

Other salient features:• Stimulating a collective sense of disgust and shamedisgust and shame

rather than knowledge of health hazards• Learn that the community is ingesting each otheringesting each other’’ss

fecesfeces• From haphazard open defecationopen defecation to a fixed point in a

covered pit that stops routes of contamination• Key success is the attitude and approach of the

facilitatorfacilitator



WhatCLTS

cando?

WhatWhat

CLTSCLTS

cancando?do?

• The effective way to zero openzero open

defecationdefecation – Advocacy

– Capacity building

– All involved (participation)

• The approach maximizes project andprocess ownership of the community

• Mobilizes the LGU partners to re-discover its role in the sanitation

program• The national government and other

partners with the IYS 2008 campaignrecognize its potential

• Innovate new latrine designs for thefamily options

• Unlearn and understand better the artof latrine and shit (mindset)

• Enhances latrine markets (popularity)



…… NowNow

BeforeBefore……

Program Realignment towardsProgram Realignment towardsZero Open DefecationZero Open Defecation

LatrinesLatrines

(capacity(capacity

building)building)

BehavioralBehavioral

changechangeAwarenessAwareness

raisingraising

HealthHealth

impactimpact

AwarenessAwareness

raisingraising

(capacity(capacitybuilding)building)

BehavioralBehavioral

changechange

LatrinesLatrines HealthHealth

impactimpact

Sanitation is the solution, zero open defecation is the mission…



Latrine unit cost trend towardsLatrine unit cost trend towards

CLTSCLTSCSP 1 (Ave)

FY 1999-04

CSP 3FY 2009-14

CSP 3FY 2009-14

CSP 2 (End)FY 2004-09

CSP 2 (Start)FY 2004-09

Unit Cost

(PhP)

HardwareComponent

CostReduction

14,000

~ 5,000

Housing &Sub-structure

5,000 1,600 Min 0Min 0

65% 68%70% ~100%70% ~100%

Less: housing

Software components

ZeroHardware

Subsidy

ZeroHardware

Subsidy

Less: pit lining

CountryStrategic

Plan

TargetPriorities

Zero OpenDefecationZero OpenZero Open

DefecationDefecationPlan

FamiliesPlan & non-

Plan Families



CLTSChallenge

s

CLTSChallenge

s

• Issue on rights-basedapproach and on-goingprograms

• Partners may not easilyyield hardware subsidy

• Extreme cases e.g., poorhouseholds along waterways where available(acceptable) option is tooexpensive

• First impression of thelearning process



4 easy steps for rural health

workers and families4 easy steps for rural health

workers and families

uwag pagtapatinuwag pagtapatin ((offoff--setset))

Huwag pamahalinHuwag pamahalin ((simplifysimplify))

Huwag sayanginHuwag sayangin ((savesave))

Huwag pagsamahinHuwag pagsamahin ((segregatesegregate))



Huwag pagtapatin (off-set)Locate the sanitary bowl away (min. 1-2m) fromdug pit; can be installed adjacent or insidethe house:

– Children and women can use it even during thelate nights or inclement weather conditions.

– No more fear of sanitary bowl base slab collapsing

– Walling and roofing can be saved while curtains

can be a temporary measure for privacy

– Dug pit when filled can be replaced without

disturbing the sanitary bowl position

– As an individual family latrine, the needed privacyof adolescent girls can be secured

– The dug pit can be shared with a neighbor if

needed or for the family’s second latrine



Huwag pamahalin (simplify)Huwag pamahalin (simplify)• Dug pit: Don’t use CHB for lining, dig small

pit to preserve ground stability, if lining

needed use recycled or indigenousmaterials (i.e., drum, gulong, riprap, buhong kawayan, wood pole, culvert, sand bag,etc.)

• Concrete paving: use bambooreinforcement for base and pit cover(Ferrocement is another option), soil-cement mix as sealer to protect pit from

surface run-off• Sanitary bowl: buy your own preference, orconsult RHU or VBSI for any availablesanitary bowls available, attend sanitation

training to learn how to make one



Huwag pagsamahin (segregate)Huwag pagsamahin (segregate)• Waste water segregation

• Sanitary bowl with minimum flushwater

• Black water only to dug pit,separate soak pit for gray water

• Effluent cleaner, not risk to watertable

• Seepage control of black water

• Recycle gray water



HuwagHuwag sayanginsayangin (save)(save)Recover the resourceRecover the resource• When the pit is filled cover it with 6 in.

soil

• Plant ornamental plants or fruit bearingplants

• Don’t water with brackish water• Witness how shit can transform into

food, harvest for householdconsumption or sale in the market

Dig new pitDig new pit• Connect the sewage pipe and replace

the concrete cover• When the second pit is filled, harvest

the compost material from the first pit• Third pit can be dug if possible to

optimize plant’s nutrients on the firsthole



WayWay

forwardforward

• Update next CSP with zeroopen def thru CLTS

• Strengthen partnership withLGUs and POs (all tiers) oncapacity building and advocacy

• Promote other latrine models(UDDT, VIP latrine, Bio-gas

toilet, baffled wall reactor forwet pit, etc.)

• Integrate zero open def with

other programs• Increase investment to

software components



Thanks for listening..hanks for listening..

The most important medicalThe most important medical

advance since 1840 wasadvance since 1840 was

sanitationsanitation – – beating antibiotics,beating antibiotics,vaccines, and anesthesia (fromvaccines, and anesthesia (from

a poll in the British Medicala poll in the British Medical

Journal) Journal)

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2nd Philippine National Sanitation Summit -Presentation 8