2nd JOINT SEMINAR KYUSHU UNIVERSITY … JOINT SEMINAR KYUSHU UNIVERSITY-BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY Hydrogen-related Science, Technologies and Society Ito Campus Kyushu University Fukuoka,

2nd JOINT SEMINAR KYUSHU UNIVERSITY-BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY

Hydrogen-related Science, Technologies and Society

Ito Campus

Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan

10-11 July, 2008

S

UNIVERSITÉ DEBORDEAUX

Hydrogen Utilization Processes Lab.

CFRP High-Pressure H2 Accumulator

West Zone Building, Ito Campus

Speakers: Kyushu University: Prof. Kenji FUKUDA, Prof. Kohei ITO, Prof. Ryuichi ITOI, Prof. Masamichi KOHNO, Prof. Yoshiyuki KONDO, Prof. Saburo MATSUOKA, Prof. Yuji OHYA, Prof. Hiromichi ONIKURA, Prof. Kazunari SASAKI, Prof. Joich SUGIMURA Bordeaux University: Prof. Philippe BERTRAND, Prof Jean-Louis BOBET, Prof. Gérard DUSSOUY, Prof. Maryse GAIMARD, Prof. Jean-Claude GRENIER, Dr. Nicolas SAINTIER, Dr. Julien JUMEL, Prof. Vanessa OLTRA-GRILLET CNRS/CEA: Prof. Jacques CHENE

Local Organizing Committee: Chairmen: Prof. Yasuyuki TAKATA and Prof. Jean-Marc OLIVE

(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University)

Prof. Motoji YAMAMOTO, Prof. Masamichi KOHNO, Prof. Satoshi WATANABE, Prof. Osamu MORIUE, Prof. Yoshinori HAMAMOTO, Prof. Kazuyuki YAGI and Prof. Ryo KIKUUE (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Mr. Keiji TANABE and Ms. Kimiko AOKI (International Affairs Section, Kyushu University)

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Seminar Program Thursday, 10th July 2008 OPENING CEREMOMY 9:00-9:30 Chair: Prof. Yasuyuki TAKATA

Prof. Tisato KAJIYAMA (President, Kyushu University)

Prof. Alain BOUDOU (Président, Université Bordeaux 1 and Vice Président Université de Bordeaux) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 9:30-9:55 Chair: Prof. Jean-Marc OLIVE

Prof. Masaharu YANAGIHARA (Vice President, Kyushu University) International Strategies of Kyushu University

Prof. Daniel CHASSEAU (Vice President, Université Bordeaux 1) Building a Sustainable System of Collaborations between Bordeaux and Kyushu Universities SESSION 1 9:55-10:45 Chair: Prof. Jean-Marc OLIVE

Prof. Philippe BERTRAND (UMR 5805-EPOC, Université Bordeaux 1 - CNRS) The Global Carbon Regulation and the Human Activities-driven Climate Change

Prof. Maryse GAIMARD (Laboratoire SSD/UMR ADES 5185, Université Bordeaux 2, Université Bordeaux 3) Urbanization, Air Pollution and Human Health COFFEE/TEA BREAK SESSION 2 11:05-12:20 Chair: Prof. Toshiaki KITAGAWA

Prof. Kenji FUKUDA (Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University) Basic Role of Energy on Real Economics and Its Implications

Prof. Gérard DUSSOUY (Université Bordeaux IV) Geopolitics of Energy: A Problematic Transition

Prof. Yuji OHYA (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University) A New Wind Turbine with Wind-lens Technology and Its Application to an Irrigation Plant in a Desert Area in China LUNCH SESSION 3 13:20-14:10 Chair: Prof. Philippe BERTRAND Prof. Ryuichi ITOI (Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University) Geothermal Energy Utilization in Japan

Prof. Vanessa OLTRA-GRILLET (GREThA, UMR CNRS 5113, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV) Environmental Innovation in the Automotive Industry: the Case of Low Emission Vehicles (LEVs) POSTER SESSION 14:10-15:10 Poster presentations will be given by Ph. D. students of Kyushu University. For detail, see page 3 LABORATORY TOUR 1 15:10-16:10 HYDROGENIUS and Hydrogen Technology Research Center, Kyushu University

2nd JOINT SEMINAR KYUSHU UNIVERSITY

BORDEAUX UNIVERSITYHydrogen-related Science, Technologies and Society

For Participants from Bordeaux University

On Thursday night, you will join the reception hosted by Fukuoka Strategy Conference for Hydrogen Energy (FSCHE) held in Hotel Nikko Fukuoka. The reception will start at 17:10 and the University bus will take you to the venue just after the laboratory tour.

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Friday, 11th July 2008 SESSION 4 9:00-10:40 Chair: Prof. Shigeru HAMADA

Prof. Masamichi KOHNO (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Hydrogen Thermophysical Properties at Very High Pressure

Dr. Nicolas SAINTIER (L.A.M.E.F.I.P - Université Bordeaux 1- ENSAM) The Use of Crystalline Plasticity FE Simulation for Analyzing the H-plasticity Interactions

Prof. Yoshiyuki KONDO (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Effect of Hydrogen on Torsional Fatigue of Stainless Steels

Prof. Jean-Louis BOBET (ICMC Bordeaux-CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1) Materials for Hydrogen Storage COFFEE/TEA BREAK SESSION 5 11:00-12:40 Chair: Dr. Nicolas SAINTIER

Prof. Saburo MATSUOKA (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Effect of Hydrogen on Tensile Properties of Metallic Materials for Hydrogen Energy Infrastructures

Prof. Hiromichi ONIKURA (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Development of High-Pressure Hydrogen Accumulator Reinforced by Carbon Fiber

Prof. Joichi SUGIMURA (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Hydrogen in Tribosystems

Dr. Julien JUMEL (Laboratoire de Mécanique-Physique, UMR CNRS 5469, Université Bordeaux 1) High Temperature Ageing of SOFC Interconnect Prod-hyge Activity at the Laboratory of Physics-Mechanics (LMP) LUNCH

SESSION 6 14:20-16:00 Chair: Prof. Masamichi KOHNO

Prof. Jacques CHENE (LECA, Equipe CEA-CNRS, UMR 8587, CEA Saclay) Isotopic Tracing of Hydrogen Applied to H-induced Environmental Degradation of Materials

Prof. Kohei ITO (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University) Theoretical Estimation of Hydrogen Solubility in Water

Prof. Jean-Claude GRENIER (ICMC Bordeaux-CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1) Advanced Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells

Prof. Kazunari SASAKI (Department of Mechanical Engineering & Hydrogen Technology Research Center, Kyushu University) Alternative Electrode Materials for Fuel Cells LABORATORY TOUR 2 16:00-17:00 Hydrogen Utilization Processes Laboratory, Professor Kazunari SASAKI, Kyushu University



For Participants from Bordeaux University

On Friday night, you will join the reception hosted by Kyushu University held in Sea Hawk Hotel Fukuoka. The reception will start at 18:30 and the University bus will take you to the venue just after the laboratory tour.

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List of Posters 1. Hajime MIYATA, Effect of Hydrogen on Tensile Strength Properties of Cast Iron 2. Hiroshi NISHIGUCHI, Effects of Hydrogen and Pre-strain on Tensile Properties of Carbon

Steel STPG370 (0.19C-0.21Si-0.56Mn, mass%) for 1 MPa Hydrogen Pipelines 3. Daisuke TABUCHI, Research on Manufacturing Composite High-pressure Vessel for

Hydrogen Storage 4. Reza MIRESMAEILI, Stephane NDONG-MEFANE, Arnaud MACADRE, Jean-Marc OLIVE

and Hiroshi KANAYAMA, Role of the Microstructure on Mechanics and Hydrogen Diffusion in Steels

5. Stephane NDONG-MEFANE, Hiroshi KANAYAMA, Masao OGINO and Mohamed Fathy EL-AMIN, Simulation Of Hydrogen Diffusion In Materials By Finite Element Method

6. Reza MIREMAELI, Masao OGINO, Ryuji SHIOYA, Hiroshi KAWAI and Hiroshi KANAYAMA, Modeling of the Hydrostatic Stress and Equivalent Plastic Strain Distributions around the Blunting Crack Tip in Impure Iron

7. Jian ZHAO, The First Consideration of Parallel Analysis For Hydrogen Simulation 8. Yuya TACHIKAWA, Numerical Analysis of Material Transportation Problems in Fuel Cells

With Micro Porous Layers 9. Takuya HOSHIKO, Hironori NAKAJIMA, Toshiaki KONOMI, Tatsumi KITAHARA and

Shoichiro KITA, Diffusion Impedance Analysis for Estimation of Water Layer Thickness Adjacent to the Cathode Catalyst Layer of a PEMFC

10. Shoich KOBAYASHI, Takashi NAKAHARA, Kosuke MARUYAMA, Kunihiro KADO, Akihiro HAYAKAWA, and Toshiaki KITAGAWA, Turbulent Burning Velocity of Hydrogen-Air Premixed Propagating Flames

11. Shogo MOROE, Peter.L.WOODFIELD, Jun FUKAI, Motoo FUJII, Masamichi KOHNO, Yasuyuki TAKATA and Kan'ei SHINZATO, Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Gases by the Transient Short-Hot-Wire Method

12. Shinji KAWAUCHI, Takuhito OTOFUJI, Yasuyuki TAKATA and Masamichi KOHNO, Micro-processing with a Bessel Laser Beam

13. Heung-Kil PARK, Hiromichi ONIKURA, Osamu OHNISHI, Takao SAJIMA and Ahmad SHARIFUDDIN, Micro Grooving and Drilling into Hard and Brittle Materials by Chemically Plated Diamond Tools and Their Application to Micro Devices

14. Kazushi MIYATA, Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of a Refrigerant Flowing in a Vertical Small Diameter Tube

15. Takashi YOSHIMORI, Kenji ADACHI, Keisuke YOSHIDA, Satoru UCHIDA and Hiroshi TAKAMATSU, Detection of Eutectic Solidification during Freezing of Electrolyte Solutions by Electric Impedance Measurement

16. Jae-Ho JEONG, Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise Phenomena on the Hydrogen Vehicle Air Conditioner

17. Ayaka SATO, Wake Structure of Single Rising Clean Bubble 18. Mizuho MATSUBARA, Image-Based CFD in Hepatic Veins and the Inferior Vena Cava on

Budd-Chiari Syndrome 19. Seido YARIMITSU, Kazuhiro NAKASHIMA, Yoshinori SAWAE, and Teruo MURAKAMI,

Formation of Optimum Boundary Lubricating Films for Friction Reduction of Artificial Articular Cartilage Material

20. Carlos MORILLO, Surface and Tribological Analysis of Alumina Nanocomposites Proposed as Mechanical Sealing

21. Takashi NAKAE, Countermeasure against Self-excited Vibration Generated in Mechanical Systems

22. Jangho HONG, Study of Vibration Problem for Delta Type Parallel Robot Based On a New Dynamic Calculation Method

23. Yusuke FUJII, Development of an Intraoral Radiographic Training Simulator



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THE GLOBAL CARBON REGULATION AND THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES-DRIVEN CLIMATE CHANGE

Philippe BERTRAND

UMR5805-EPOC, Université Bordeaux 1 – CNRS

Avenue des facultés, B.18 33405 Talence Cedex, France

[email protected] http://www.epoc.u-bordeaux.fr/

One of the major topics of the EPOC laboratory (Bordeaux University and CNRS) is to investigate the natural climate variability through past ocean-climate interactions. Air-Sea carbon exchanges driven by physical, or biological processes (primary biological productivity and related carbon burial in sediments), are largely influenced by climate changes and, in turn, play a key role to modulate atmospheric CO2 and the global greenhouse effect. The precise location of areas that dominate such processes through time is however still debated, some of them being carbon sources while some others are sinks. The release of fossil carbon by the human activities introduced an abrupt change within this regulation. The fourth report of the IPPC (2007) shows respective contributions of natural cycles and human activities in the recent global climate change and predict future changes of climate and sea level according to possible socio-economical scenarii.

URBANIZATION, AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH

Maryse GAIMARD

Laboratoire SSD/UMR ADES 5185 Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux 3

146, rue leo Saignat – 33076 Bordeaux cedex E-mail: [email protected]

http//www.ades.cnrs.fr Urbanization is one of the more important phenomena of today’s world. Nowadays, more than half of the world population lives in cities and the urbanization rate will grow even higher in the future (65 % of people may live in cities by 2050). Cities are the main pollutants. Although cars are manufactured environmentally friendlier and more economical, the main pollutants still derive from car exhausts. This growth of air pollution in the cities has great effects on human health, especially on the development of cancers, heart and chest diseases, respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma and thus increases mortality rates. Children and elderly people are the most affected. In order to maintain good human health, it is important that the development of urbanization is done in the context of improving urban environment.



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BASIC ROLE OF ENERGY ON REAL ECONOMICS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Kenji FUKUDA

Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering

Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, JAPAN, 819-0395

[email protected] Food produces the surplus of exergy 'physically' for human beings. The function of food exists in the fact that we can acquire more exergy from it than that we input to produce it. Similarly to food, surplus of exergy is generated 'physically' from each energy resource by its burning and converting to yield larger exergy than that required for mining and refining. With using the surplus of exergy we produce surplus of products to exchange in economic market. In other words, the function of food and energy resource to produce surplus of exergy 'physically' are the essential and the only players for "real economy world" since "producing" and "exchanging" the "surplus products" are the economy itself. The direct relation between exergy and real economy, and its implications are shown.

GEOPOLITICS OF ENERGY: A PROBLEMATIC TRANSITION

Gerard DUSSOUY

University Bordeaux IV 20, Allée du Brion, 33520 Bruges, France

[email protected] The world is coming in a period of problematic energetic transition. Particularly, the oil, like the only one motor-fuel to date, is in its final phase, although its end stays uncertain. That could create tensions, put in danger the “energetic peace” of the world. Solutions of substitution are waited. Is hydrogen panacea? Are the “hard sciences” able to comfort the scholars on International Relations about this point? The interest of this meeting concerns this question. In the same time, he underlines the interactions between the various fields of the human life.



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A NEW WIND TURBINE WITH WIND-LENS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS

APPLICATION TO AN IRRIGATION PLANT IN A DESERT AREA IN CHINA

Yuji OHYA* , Takashi KARASUDANI* and Xing ZHANG**

*Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan **Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

[email protected] http://www.riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/windeng/index-j.html

We have developed a highly efficient wind turbine equipped with a compact brimmed diffuser shroud. We call it a wind-lens turbine. The features are as follows. 1) Three fold increase in output power compared to conventional wind turbines due to concentration of wind energy (“wind-lens” technology). 2) Brim-based yaw control: The brim at the exit of diffuser makes a wind turbine rotate following the change in the wind direction. 3) Significant reduction in wind turbine noise: Since the vortices generated from the blade tips are considerably suppressed through the interference with the boundary layer within the diffuser shroud, the aerodynamic noise is reduced substantially. 4) Improved safety. Recently, we installed six 5kW wind-lens turbines in a desert area in northwest China, constructing an irrigation plant using vast wind energy to stop desertification.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY UTILIZATION IN JAPAN

Ryuichi ITOI

Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, JAPAN, 819-0395

[email protected] http://www.mine.kyushu-u.ac.jp/e-esec/kenkyu/energy.html

Geothermal energy has been utilized in a wide range from power generation to spa depending on its temperature. Nineteen geothermal power plants are operating in Japan with the total installed capacity of 533 MW. It has superiority in terms of stable output among natural energy resources. Waste water separated from produced steam－water mixture is normally sent back to formation for avoiding excessive pressure drop in reservoir and thermal and chemical pollution of surface water resources by discarding it to river or lake. These operations lead geothermal energy to be sustainable and environmental friendly. Lower temperature fluid can be used for agriculture such as heating greenhouse for roses at Kuju, Oita. Geothermal heat pump systems have been installed for air conditioning in areas where high temperature resource is not available.





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ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY:

THE CASE OF LOW EMISSION VEHICLES (LEVS)

Vanessa OLTRA-GRILLET

GREThA (UMR CNRS 5113) University Montesquieu Bordeaux IV

Avenue Léon Duguit F-33608 PESSAC

[email protected] http://beagle.u-bordeaux4.fr/gretha

Under the pressure of environmental regulations, car manufacturers seek to develop new technologies for low emission vehicles (LEVs). The presentation focuses on the technological competition between the various engine technologies for LEVs. The debate is on the trade-off between the exploitation of the dominant design – i.e. the internal combustion engine – and the exploration of alternative new engine technologies –i.e hyprid propulsion and fuel cell vehicles. We first discuss the environmental and economic performances of each technological option. Based on patent data, we propose to analyse and to compare the innovative strategies of the main car manufacturers in the field of LEVs. As a conclusion, we survey the main economic barriers to the development of fuel cell vehicles and the sources of technological lock-in, and we finally present some prospective analyses on the development of engine technologies.

HYDROGEN THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AT VERY HIGH PRESSURE

Masamichi KOHNO

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

[email protected] For development of hydrogen technology and for setting standards concerning safety and the sale of hydrogen to the public, thermophysical properties of hydrogen such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, and the PVT relationship need to be known accurately. Much of the earlier work with hydrogen properties was collected and evaluated for engineering purposes by NIST. The temperatures and pressures where their data were collected are limited to the low-temperature region. In the high temperature and high pressure region where no actual experimental data is available extrapolation has been made based on either empirical or theoretical considerations. Such extrapolations raise major concerns about the accuracy of some published tables of thermophysical properties data. Acquisition of the measured data with reliability in the high temperature and the high-pressure region is an extremely important issue that must be addressed. In the presentation, our work on measurement of hydrogen thermophysical properties at very high pressure is introduced.



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THE USE OF CRYSTALLINE PLASTICITY FE SIMULATION FOR ANALYZING

THE HYDROGEN-PLASTICITY INTERACTIONS

Nicolas SAINTIER*, Isabelle AUBERT** and Jean-Marc OLIVE***

* LA.M.E.F.I.P - Equipe d'Accueil 2727 - Université Bordeaux 1- ENSAM - Esplanade des Arts et Métiers - 33405 TALENCE cedex, France [email protected]

http://www.lamef.bordeaux.ensam.fr/ ** Laboratoire de Mécanique Physique -CNRS/Université Bordeaux 1-351, cours de la Libération-

33405 Talence cedex, France [email protected],

http://www.lmp.u-bordeaux1.fr/ *** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University

744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan [email protected]

http://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/english/index.php The effect of absorbed hydrogen on the plastic strain localization at the grain scale is one of the key issues to be addressed for analyzing and modelling the hydrogen-plasticity interactions. Slip bands morphology dependance on hydrogen content was studied on type AISI316L polycrystalline stainless steel after tensile mechanical test in ambient air. The first step was to obtain statistics on both slip band spacings (SBS) and slip band heights (SBH) by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) on a representative number of grains and slip bands. To analyze these data, the plastic strain field heterogeneity in polycrystals was taken into account thanks to numerical simulation of crystalline plasticity on numerical aggregates corresponding as much as possible to the real one. Numerical models of polycrystals were obtained from the data provided by the EBSD technique.

HYDROGEN AND NOTCH EFFECTS ON TORSIONAL FATIGUE OF STAINLESS STEEL

Yoshiyuki KONDO, Masanobu KUBOTA and Katsunori OHGUMA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University

744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan [email protected]

The effect of absorbed hydrogen on the torsional fatigue in high cycle region was studied under cathodically charged condition using three kinds of austenitic stainless steels SUS304, SUS316 and SUS316L. The tensile strengths of these materials were varied into three levels by cold work, hot drawing and solution heat treatment. The absorbed hydrogen gave a detrimental effect in the case of hardened materials irrespective of chemical composition. In solution heat-treated material, however, no significant effect was observed. In the reversed torsional fatigue test using buff-finished specimen, a crack initiated in shear mode and it transformed into mode I crack and propagated to the final fracture. Pre-corrosion by anodic polarization introduced corrosion traces of grain boundary, slip band and twin boundary on the specimen surface. A crack directly initiated and propagated in mode I without the formation of shear mode crack. This resulted in a significant reduction of fatigue life in cathodically charged condition. These results suggested that high tensile strength and small notch were detrimental factors for the torsional fatigue of austenitic stainless steel used in hydrogen environment.



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MATERIALS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE

Jean-Louis BOBET

Université Bordeaux 1 – CNRS - ICMCB 87 av Du Dr Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France

[email protected] http://www.icmcb-bordeaux.cnrs.fr/

The search for new hydrogen storage materials has become one of the main purposes in the development of hydrogen economy. The requirements with respect to these materials are: suitable thermodynamical properties, efficient sorption kinetics, high absorption capacity at moderate temperature and pressure, good cycling properties and low price. A large number of systems for hydrogen storage are known but no one of them meets all requirements. Metallic magnesium is cheap, abundant in the Earth’s crust and can form the hydride MgH2 offering the highest storage capacity among all the metals. Nevertheless, both kinetics and thermodynamics properties have to be improved. For the kinetics, the effects of catalyst deposited by supercritical process are studied. For the thermodynamic, new ternary compounds based on magnesium are investigated. The relationship between structure and properties will be discussed. EFFECT OF HYDRIGEN ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF METALLIC MATERIALS

FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY INFRASTRACTURES

Saburo MATSUOKA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan

[email protected] We are investigating the fatigue and fracture properties of carbon and low-alloy steels for hydrogen energy infrastructures. In this study, the effects of hydrogen on the tensile properties of JIS-SGP carbon steel pipe for hydrogen gas pipelines were investigated. Tensile specimens were immersed in a 20 mass% NH4SCN aqueous solution at 313 K for 48h and then charged with hydrogen. The reduction of area decreased linearly with increasing hydrogen content in hydrogen charged specimens. The voids in the tensile fracture specimen were elongated along the tensile axis in uncharged specimens, while they were elongated in the direction perpendicular to the tensile axis in hydrogen charged specimens. It can be concluded that hydrogen enhanced slip deformation ahead of the void edge at the equatorial plane and results in the flat ellipsoidal void in the direction perpendicular to the tensile axis.



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DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN ACCUMULATOR

REINFORCED BY CARBON FIBER

Hiromichi ONIKURA*, Takao SAJIMA** and Daisuke TABUCH**

* Department of Mechanical Engineering ** Department of Intelligent Machinery and Systems, Graduate School of Engineering

Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan

[email protected] From the viewpoint of environmental issues and energy problems, it is needed to establish a hydrogen energy infrastructure. Now, accumulators for 40MPa which are made of chrome molybdenum steel are currently used at hydrogen stations. However, an accumulator made of steel has the following problems. 1) The higher the pressure in use becomes, the thicker the accumulator becomes. Therefore, the storage volume of hydrogen decreases greatly. 2) Further inspection is needed because of the existence of hydrogen embrittlement. 3) Using stainless steel materials like SUS316L for accumulator, the tank becomes thicker because of its low strength, although it has no hydrogen embrittlement. In order to solve these problems, we have proposed a high-pressure hydrogen accumulator made of CFRP. By applying the in-process curing method, we have developed a CFRP accumulator which has high length-diameter ratio.

HYDROGEN IN TRIBOSYSTEMS

Joichi SUGIMURA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan

[email protected] http://tribo1.mech.kyushu-u.ac.jp/TR/index.html

Friction, wear and other tribological phenomena are affected by environmental gasses present around tribointerfaces. Adsorption, reaction, and permeation of gas at solid surfaces cause changes in mechanical and chemical properties of the interface. Oxygen and water vapor have most dominant effect among various gas elements in normal atmosphere; surface oxidation usually provides protecting films on metal surfaces to afford lower friction and wear, but it gives opposite effects under some conditions. In contrast, little is known about the effect of hydrogen except for hydrogen embrittlement in rolling contact fatigue. Recent experiments suggest its several different behaviors; hydrogen reduces oxide films to promote adhesion, adsorbs onto solid surfaces to prevent adhesion, and permeates into solid to modify surface layers. These effects are often obscured by a small amount of contaminants.



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HIGH TEMPERATURE AGEING OF SOFC INTERCONNECT

PROD-HYGE ACTIVITY AT THE LABORATORY OF PHYSICS-MECHANICS (LMP)

Isabelle AUBERT, Marion LAMAZOUADE-TAREK, Julien JUMEL and Gregory BRESSON

Laboratoire de Mécanique Physique, CNRS UMR 5469, Université Bordeaux 1 351 cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France

[email protected] http://www.lmp.u-bordeaux1.fr/

The LMP is involved in the PRODHYGE program driven by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). The main goal of this project is to validate the feasibility of an innovative coaxial architecture for a high temperature hydrogen generator able to overcome the main drawback of the SOFC type systems (mechanical strength, thermal cycling, gaz leakage ...). The LMP is in charge of the definition and qualification of the metallic interconnect of the system. The function of this elastic component is to deliver the input current to the electrolyte where hydrolyses occurs. To obtain a high electrical conductivity the contact pressure must be keeped, and formation of isolating oxydes avoided. During this talk, will be presented the various numerical and experimental tools developed at the LMP to study the relaxation-oxydation of the metallic interconnects.

ISOTOPIC TRACING OF HYDROGEN APPLIED TO H-INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS

Jacques CHÊNE

Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Aqueuse, Equipe CEA-CNRS, UMR 8587, CEA Saclay ,Bât.

458, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France [email protected] http://www-dpci.cea.fr

The development, for the next decades, of hydrogen as an energy vector, requires an improvement of the prediction and prevention of the hydrogen-induced environmental degradation of structural materials which may occur at the different steps of the hydrogen cycle: production, transport and storage. For this purpose one needs precise data on the behaviour of hydrogen in materials: interaction with the surface, kinetics of H absorption and redistribution, H interaction with microstructural defects, mechanisms of H-induced damage. The isotopic tracing of hydrogen with deuterium and tritium is one of the most appropriate method to collect these experimental data. The purpose of this presentation is to give various illustrations of the isotopic tracing applied to a better understanding of the mechanisms of H-induced environmental degradation of materials.



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THEORETICAL ESTIMATION OF HYDROGEN SOLUBILITY IN WATER

Kohei ITO, Hidetaka MURAMATSU and Minori SHIROTA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University

Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan [email protected]

Hydrogen solubility in water will be a key physical property in hydrogen energy system. For example, hydrogen solubility give a direct influence to the performance of water electrolysis cell. We here show a semi-theoretical derivation of the hydrogen solubility, based on the minimum of free energy, SKR state of equation, and the mixture rule. We considered two cases of liquid/gas interface: plane and sphere. We changed pressure largely from 0.1 to 40MPa. The solubility increased almost proportional to pressure, showing 6% difference to Henry low. The solubility had minimum at 55 Celsius degree, corresponding the change from endothermic to exothermic heat at the temperature. The discrepancy of the solubility between the cases of sphere and plane was small in the considered pressures. This discrepancy, however, increased with decreasing pressure; the solubility in case of sphere interface of 0.001mm radius was about 10% larger than that in case of plane interface under 1MPa.

ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS AND PROTONIC CERAMIC FUEL CELLS

Jean-Claude GRENIER

ICMC Bordeaux-CNRS, 87 Avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Université de Bordeaux 1, Pessac Cedex, 33608, France

[email protected] http://www.icmcb-bordeaux.cnrs.fr/

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the development of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel cells (ITSOFCs) and Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFCs) operating at rather low temperatures (500 – 700 °C), in order to reduce thermal degradation and to use low-cost materials. Reducing the operation temperature increases the electrode overpotentials, the reaction kinetics being slowered. The challenge of these technologies is to develop new electrocatalystic materials. Typically, Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting (MIEC) oxides are studied in ICMCB-Bordeaux. A review of these materials, of their physical and electrochemical properties will be presented as well as fuel cell tests.



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ALTERNATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR FUEL CELLS

Kazunari SASAKI

Department of Mechanical Engineering & Hydrogen Technology Research Center,

Kyushu University Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

[email protected] Fuel cells are promising energy conversion systems which are essential to realize hydrogen-based energy society. Since longer durability, higher performance and lower system costs are still needed for their commericializations, materials developments for these technological issues are desired. In this contribution, after presenting an overview of the current status of fuel cell R&D, we focus on the materials issues, especially for the electrode applications. Possible alternative electrode materials developed in our group will be presented, based on the understanding of the durability and degradation mechanisms of fuel cells, including polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Future perspectives of the fuel cell R&D are also discussed.




BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY

10th-11th July, 2008

Documents

2nd JOINT SEMINAR KYUSHU UNIVERSITY … JOINT SEMINAR KYUSHU UNIVERSITY-BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY Hydrogen-related Science, Technologies and Society Ito Campus Kyushu University Fukuoka,