SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN

INDIA.OTB - CASE STUDIES

Provides about 58 % of livelihood as per 2001 census.

Accounts for 14 % of India’s GDP at constant prices (2004- 2005) in 2011-2012.

Contributes 21 % of total exports and supplies raw materials to industries.

Food grain production – 250.42 million tonnes in 2011-2012.

INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Reality bites….India’s food grain production in: 250 million

tonnes in 2011-2012

• India’s population : 1.27 billion

• Current Growth rate in this sector - 2 % (in last ten years)

• Population growth rate - 1.8 to 2.2% a year.

Time for a second Green Revolution.

This is because with rising population and slow growth rate in the agricultural sector, the situation is likely to get alarming in the next 5-8 years.Agricultural and allied sectors are expected to grow

at 3- 3.5 % per year against a target of 4% --- Approach paper to 12th plan

TARGET FOR THE YEAR : 2020 – 400 million tonnes. IS IT REALISTIC ???Yes, it require changes in technology, policies and approach.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN???An integrated approach based on the

entire farming system focusing on matching soil to seed and product to market.

Let us look at the Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s

The Green Revolution is the significant increase in agricultural

productivity resulting from the introduction of high yield variety of

seeds, use of pesticides and improved technology.

THE GREEN REVOLUTION- WHAT CHANGES COULD BE MADE TO INCREASE FARM PRODUCTIVITY.

Results of green revolutionStatistical Result

Economic Result

Sociological Result.

STATISTICAL RESULT The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79. It transformed India from a chronically food deficient country into the world’s second largest agricultural producer. No other country in the world, which attempted the Green Revolution recorded such level of success.

Economic Result

•The increase in irrigation created need of new dams to harness monsoon water.• This in turn boosted industrial growth, created jobs and improved the quality of life of the people.• India paid back all the loans taken from the World Bank for the purpose of the Green Revolution.

THE LIMITS OF SUCCESSIndia’s agricultural sector

is growing but much slower than the rest of the

economy.

Although largely self sufficient in food

production, India still needs to import edible oil

every year.

Green Revolution has not reach large parts of the

country, especially dry land areas, where poverty

incidence and farming risk tend to be high.

GR also involved environmental costs:

Unsustainable ground water extraction, fertilizers run off, pesticide residues

and salinization.

The priority of introducing Green Revolution was to resolve food crisis and thus environmental

issues were neglected. Between the mid 1960s and mid 1990s ,food production was more than doubled, while the intensity of hunger and

poverty was cut by half.

NEED FOR SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION

According to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam if all Indians have to have good nutrition and plenty of food then India needs 360 million tonnes of food grains by 2020.India has tremendous export potential in agriculture in present era of globalization.

Bill Gates has been among the proponents of a second green revolution, saying:

Three quarters of the world's poorest people get their food and income by farming small plots of land...if we can make smallholder farming more productive and more profitable, we can have a massive impact on hunger and nutrition and poverty...the charge is clear—we have to develop crops that can grow in a drought; that can survive in a flood; that can resist pests and disease...we need higher yields on the same land in harsher weather."

The Second Green Revolution of boosting food-grain output in India to 400 million tons in next 15 years is need of the day.

Its achieving is not very difficult. Rather it is achievable if mindset on introducing newer technology is changed.

India has to whole-heartedly embrace Genetically modified (GM) seeds to double the per acreage production.

Private sector is better suited to deliver results than government managed schemes. Pvt sector to develop and market the usage of GM foods i.e efficient marketing of ideas.

Governments on the other hand can play a key role in expediting irrigation schemes and managing water resources.

Linking of rivers as much as economically possible to bring surplus water of one area to others i.e linking of rivers.

CHANGING MIND SET OF FARMERS.Not only that, a significant contribution is to be made

by the farmers themselves. They have to get out of the ancient mode of being peasant farmers on small land holdings. They have to become businessmen, who trade in agricultural products. Just like any other businessmen they have to look for the most economical way to boost productivity and profits to themselves.

Farmers need to realise that their scope of work can increase from grain production to food processing and marketing.

It requires farmers to become responsible businessmen.

KEY ISSUES

Agro processing is defined as ´Subset of manufacturing that processes raw materials and intermediate products derived from the agricultural sector. It Transforms products originating from agriculture, forestry and fisheries. All operations from the stage of harvest till the material reaches the end users in the desired form, packaging, quantity, quality and price.  Evolved from traditional subsistence level farming to commercial agriculture producing high value and processed products. Recognized as a 'sunrise industry' with a vision to make India the Food Basket of the world.

To improve rural incomes by adding value to raw materials. Save on transport costs by converting high volume materials to low volume high value products.Create opportunities to use by-products as source of raw materials for other farm operations such as animal feed, manure and fuel.Provide opportunity to reduce farm losses by conversion of perishable produce to longer shelf life produce.Creation of jobs leading to poverty reduction and rural urban migration. Add maximum value by minimising product losses.

Objectives of agro processing industries in India

PROSPECTS OF FOOD PROCESSINGPresently, a small percentage of farm

produced is processed into value added products.

India needs US $28 billion of investment to raise food processing levels to 8 – 10 %.

Rapid urbanisation, increased literacy, changing life style, more and more women in workforce, rising per capita income leading to rapid growth and new opportunities in food and beverages sector.

Indians spend about 50% of household expenditure on food items.

A few years ago, companies struggled to sell packaged foods. But now it is much easier to break into the Indian market because of a younger population, higher incomes, new technologies and a growing middle class, estimated at 50 million households. An average Indian spends around 53 per cent of his/her income on food. The domestic market for processed foods is not only huge but is growing fast in tandem with the economy. It is estimated to be worth $90 billion. Processed Food Manufacturing companies are required to be persistent and must adapt products to the Indian cultural preferences.

Another area is herbal medicine. It is being increasingly realized the world over that herbal drugs do not have any side effects. India has a good number of tried and tested herbal products in use and what is required is rigorous quality control, proper packaging and a brand name.