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FAKULTAS TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA BANTEN BAB II RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR OLEH : SANTOSO BUDI santoso budi,fak teknik mesin UNTIRTA,HP 08129589918 , Email [email protected]

2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

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Page 1: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

FAKULTAS TEKNIK MESIN

UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA BANTEN

BAB II

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

OLEH : SANTOSO BUDI

santoso budi,fak teknik mesin UNTIRTA,HP 08129589918 ,

Email [email protected]

Page 2: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

SISTEM COMPRESSOR

Page 3: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

FILTER

Page 4: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

INTERCOOLER

Page 5: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

TABEL UDARA- MOISTURE

Gambar 6.7B

Page 6: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

CONTOH SOAL :

KANDUNGAN MOISTURE DALAM UDARA

Page 7: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor
Page 8: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

REGULATOR

Page 9: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

REGULATOR

Page 10: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

TIPE ABSORPTIVE DRYER

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TIPE REGENERATIP ADSORPTIVE DRYER

Page 12: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

CHECK VALVE

BALL CHECK VALVE

PILOT OPERATED CHECK VALVE

Page 13: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

PENGGUNAAN CHECK VALVE

Page 14: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

SUTTLE VALVE

Page 15: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

RELIEF VALVE

Page 16: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

RANGKAIAN PILOT OPERATED VALVE

DAPAT DIGERAKAN DENGAN REMOTE C

Page 17: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

PENGOPERASIAN

PILOT –OPERATED VALVE

Page 18: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

CONTOH

RELIEF VALVE

Page 19: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor
Page 20: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

CONTOH KOMPRESSOR JENIS PISTON

TUNGGAL

Page 21: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

LANJUTAN

Page 22: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

ACCUMULATOR

BLADDER ACC DIAPRAGMA ACC DIAPRAGMA ACC

Page 23: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

SINGLE STAGE

HORIZONTAL

MULTI STAGE

VERTICAL

Page 24: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

RESISTENSI ALIRAN DAN TEKANAN

PADA KOMPRESOR SENTRIFUGAL DAN AXIAL

Page 25: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

AXIAL COMPRESSOR

Page 26: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

VANE ROTARY COMPRESSOR

Page 27: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Total Energy Balance

cWm

QHgZ

u ˆ2

2

adiabatic

compression

Note that Ŵc in TEB includes efficiency while Ŵ in

MEB does not include efficiency

12ˆ TTCHW pc

Page 28: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

ISO THERMAL COMPRESSOR

Page 29: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

POLYTROPIC COMPRESSOR

Page 30: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor
Page 31: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Isentropic Work of Compression As a first approximation, a compressor without any internal

cooling can be assumed to be adiabatic. If the process is

also assumed to be reversible, it will be isentropic.

.1

1 constpp

Solve for , substitute into MEB, and integrate

Page 32: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Isentropic Work of Compression Upon Integration

This is the isentropic (adiabatic) work of compression.

The quantity p2/p1 is the compression ratio.

11

ˆ

1

1

2

1

10

p

ppW S

Page 33: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Compressor Work Compression is not reversible, however. Deviations from

ideal behavior must be accounted for by introducing an

isentropic compressor efficiency such that the true work

of compression is given by.

ad

Sc

WW

0

ˆˆ

How can ad be found?

12ˆ TTCW pc

Page 34: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Isothermal Compression If sufficient cooling is provided to make the compression

process isothermal, the work of compression is simply:

1

210 lnˆ

p

p

M

RTW T

For a given compression ratio and suction condition, the

work requirement in isothermal compression is less than

that for adiabatic compression. This is one reason that

cooling is useful in compressors.

Page 35: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Polytropic Compression In actuality the S = 0 path assumed in writing the

expression p/ const. is not the true thermodynamic path

followed by gases in most large compressors and the

compression is neither adiabatic not isothermal. A polytropic

path is a better representation for which:

.1

1 constpp

nn

Here n depends on the nature of the gas and details of the

compression process.

Page 36: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Polytropic Compression

11

ˆ

1

1

2

1

1n

n

pp

p

n

npW

where Ŵp is the work for polytropic compression

Again the actual work of compression is larger than the

calculated work and:

p

p

c

WW

ˆˆ

Page 37: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Polytropic Compression The polytropic efficiency p is often the efficiency quoted

by manufacturers. From this efficiency useful relations can

be stated to convert from polytropic to adiabatic results:

To get n the polytropic exponent:

p

pn

1p

n

n

11

or

To get relationships between T or and compression ratio

simply replace with n. n

n

p

p

T

Tge

1

1

2

1

2..

Page 38: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Multistage Compression Consider a two stage compression process p1→p2→p3

with perfect intercooling (temperature reduced to T1 after

each compression)

11

11

ˆ

1

2

31

1

1

210

p

pRT

p

pRTW S

Now find p2 which will minimize work, differentiate wrt p2

312 pppopt

Page 39: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Multistage Compression 2

1

1

3

2

3

1

2

p

p

p

p

p

p

So the compression ratio that minimizes total work is such that each

stage has an identical ratio.

This can be generalized for n stages as:

n

n

p

p

p

p

p

p1

1

1

2

3

1

2

.

1

1 constp

pT

i

ii

When T is not cooled to T1:

i

ii

p

pT 1

Page 40: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Multistage Compression P-H Chart Method Example

Natural Gas (methane)

P = 100 psia

P = 300 psia P = 900 psia

Page 41: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

Isentropic Compression

Page 42: 2.Materi Bab II Reciprocating & Sistem Compressor

“Real” Compression

HIdeal HActual