2.l ETAP Real-Time

OperationOperation

MaintenanceMaintenance

PlanningPlanning

Operation Technology, Inc.Operation Technology, Inc.Irvine, CaliforniaIrvine, California

ETAP Real-Time

MonitorMonitorMonitorMonitor

OperateOperateOperateOperate

SimulateSimulateSimulateSimulate

AnalyzeAnalyzeAnalyzeAnalyze

PredictPredictPredictPredict ControlControlControlControlOptimizeOptimizeOptimizeOptimize

ManageManageManageManage

ETAP Real-Time

ETAP Real -Time

Power System Monitoring & Simulation

Intelligent Load Shedding

ETAP Real -Time

ETAP Real-Time

Energy Management System

ETAP Real-Time

Operations Maintenance

Engineering

Planning

Financial

As a component of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, ETAP optimizes the exchange of information between diverse tiers of an organization while channeling domain sensitive information.

Market SolutionsMarket Solutions Oil Refineries Oil Platforms Oil Production Fields Chemical Plants Mining Manufacturing Plants Health Care Facilities Generation Plants Data Centers Switchgear & Relay Manufacturers

ETAP Real -Time

ObjectivesObjectives Optimize Operation

Optimal Load Shedding

Prevent Downtime

Minimize System Losses

Minimize Energy Costs

Predict System Response

Train & Assist Operators

Prevent Outage Due to Operator Error

Safe Operation & Avoid Penalties

Improve Equipment Life Time

Provide Data Accessibility ETAP Real -Time

ETAP Real-Time Users

ETAP Real -Time

OTI Test Lab

ETAP Real -Time

System ArchitectureSystem ArchitectureSystem ArchitectureSystem Architecture

ETAP Real -Time

Bring Your ETAP To LifeBring Your ETAP To Life

ETAP Real -Time

Client Server ArchitectClient Server Architect

ETAP Real -Time

Windows 2000 / XP, MultitaskingWindows 2000 / XP, Multitasking

Protocols & StandardsProtocols & Standards

MMS

ModBus

NetBeui

DNP

ICCP

IEC870

T103

NetDDE

UCA

IPX/SPX (Netware)

TCP/IP

OPC

ETAP Real -Time


Virtual Monitoring Advanced Monitoring Real-Time Simulation Online Control Event Playback Trending Alarm & Warning Energy Cost Analysis


Monitoring CapabilitiesMonitoring Capabilities

Multi-Console Server/Client Monitoring

Graphical Monitoring via ETAP One-Line Diagram

Visual Monitoring via Watch Windows (MMI)

Archived (Historical) Data Retrieval / Display

Electrical & Non-Electrical Metering Tags

OPC Interface Layer

Multi-Access Levels


Advantages of ETAPAdvantages of ETAP

Intelligence

Simple to Modify the System

Option to Override Monitored Data

Online Switching & Breaker Operation

Visual Monitoring (MMI) by Watch Windows


Virtual MonitoringVirtual Monitoring






Standard Monitoring SystemsShortcomingsStandard Monitoring SystemsShortcomings

Display Data on Static Images and Objects

High Costs to Setup & Maintenance MMI

Require Hardware for Every Monitored Point

Modifications Require New Static Images

Does Not Recognize Bad Data

Lack Electrical Intelligence

Primitive Data Reconciliation


Advanced MonitoringAdvanced Monitoring



Error Detection




Load Estimator / Distributor


State Estimator Load Estimator / Distributor Error Detection Global (Server) & Local Alarm & Warning Alarm & Warning Acknowledgement Equipment Overload Detection Over-Voltage & Under-Voltage Detection Graphical Notification via One-Line Diagrams Pinned Data (Override Monitored Data)



Real-Time SimulationReal-Time Simulation

Predict System Behavior to Operator ActionsPredict System Behavior to Operator Actions Open/Close Circuit Breakers

Reject Generators

Load Impact & Ramping

Accelerate Motors

Protective Device Sequence-of-Operation

ConductConduct EngineeringEngineering AnalysisAnalysis Using Actual Operating Loading, Generation, &

Configuration







Load Flow

Motor Acceleration

Short-Circuit ANSI/IEC

Arc Flash

Device Coordination & Selectivity

Sequence-of-Operation

Harmonics

Transient Stability

Reliability Assessment

More...

Simulation ModulesSimulation Modules


Event PlaybackEvent PlaybackEvent PlaybackEvent Playback

Event PlaybackEvent Playback


Playback Forward

Playback Reverse

Set Speed/Scan Rate

Pause

Step Forward

Step Reverse

Next Event

Previous Event

Scan Forward

Scan Reverse

Display Options




Replay Archived Historian Data

Improve Operator Knowledge

Predict System Behavior On-Demand

Investigate Cause & Effect

Explore Alternative Actions

Replay “What If” Scenarios



Intelligent Energy Management

Demand-Side Management

Automatic Generation Control

System Optimization & Automation


Energy Management SystemEnergy Management System


Real-Time Data

OptimizationRequirements

SystemControl

System Topology

EMS

Auto Control Overload, OverVoltage & UnderVoltage

Auto Control Generation, LTC, Shunt Capacitor, …

Generation MW & Mvar Averaging with $ Constraints

Minimize System Losses

Peak Shaving

Minimize Mvar & Power Factor Penalties

Active Inhibition & Permissive Control of Load & Generation

Optimize Spin Reserve

Maximize Voltage Security Index …



Optimization ControlOptimization ControlOptimization ControlOptimization Control

Optimization Objectives

Bus Voltage Constraints

Branch Flow Constraints

Control Movement Constraints

User-Definable Constraints (Macros)

Energy Costs (Generation & Exchange Power)



Reduce Energy Costs

Reduce Peak MWh Costs

Reduce Mvar / Power Factor Penalties

Improve System Operation & Stability

Increase Equipment Life Time

Increase System Capacity

Savings






Objectives

Operation Dependent

Fast Response

Optimal Load Shedding

Intelligent Load SheddingIntelligent Load Shedding

WhyWhy Load Shed: Load Shed: Partial loss of energy source due to a disturbance

(Generators and/or Utility Connections)


Load SheddingLoad Shedding

Optimal Load Shedding:Optimal Load Shedding: Best combination (also minimum) load that must be

removed to keep the system operational

Load Shedding Protection is Essential:Load Shedding Protection is Essential: Critical loads with limited power supply


Shed Too Much Load

Loss of Critical Process

Total Loss of Production

Safety & Environmental Concerns

$$$

Improper Load SheddingImproper Load Shedding


Conventional MethodsConventional Methods

A. Breaker Interlock Scheme

B. Under-Frequency Relay (81)

C. PLC-Based Load Shedding


Breaker Interlock SchemeBreaker Interlock Scheme

Shed load larger than max. import power


Breaker Interlock SchemeBreaker Interlock Scheme

Limitations

Fixed load priority

Only one stage of load shedding

Usually more loads are shed than needed

Modifications are costly and impractical

Can result in complete system shutdown

Advantages

Fast Action

Simple to implement


Under-Frequency Relay (81)Under-Frequency Relay (81)

Shed fixed load based on 81 relay settings


StageFrequency

HzDelay Sec.

MW Shed

1 58.5 0.25 10

2 57.5 2.00 30



Features

Detects after effects of disturbances

Detects frequency & rate of change

Can have multiple stage settings

Settings are based on analysis

Fixed settings (10% of load for .5 Hz

drop)




Limitations

Slow response time

Lack of knowledge about system loading

Lack of knowledge about the disturbance

Lack of knowledge about spin reserve

Analysis knowledge is always lost


Shed load based on the PLC tables

PLC-Based Load SheddingPLC-Based Load Shedding

Advantages

Access to system loading

Access to system generation

Access to CB operating status

Knowledge about spin reserve





Limitations Lack of system topology / connectivity / islanding

Lack of system islanding conditions

Load priority is predefined and fixed

Slow response - initiation from frequency relays

Drop load based on the frequency relay settings

Fixed logic – calculations are preformed at PLC

P + j Q

Gen

Load 3

Load 2

Load 1

Normal Operation – 0 Spin Reserve

Needs for Fast ResponseNeeds for Fast Response


j QL

Gen

Load 3

Load 2

Load 1j QG

3-Phase Fault for 5 Cycles



P = 0

Power Inrush after Fault Clearance

P’ + j Q’

P’ > PQ’ >> Q


Gen

Load 3

Load 2

Load 1


Slow Load Shedding

P + j Q

Gen

Load 3

Load 2

Load 1



Fast Load Shedding

P + j Q

Gen

Load 3

Load 2


Load 1


Requires Intelligence to Recognize System Topology Configuration Operating Status Generation Level Power Exchange Operating Load Spin Reserve Disturbance Type & Location Transient Response to Disturbances

Needs for Optimal SolutionNeeds for Optimal Solution


P + j Q

Gen1

Load 1

P’ + j Q’

Gen2

P1 + jQ1

P3 + jQ3

P2 + jQ2

P4 + jQ4

P5 + jQ5

P6 + jQ6

Load 2

Load 3

Load 4

Load 5

Load 6


Study ConditionStudy ConditionIntelligent Load Shedding

Study DisturbanceStudy Disturbance

j Q

Gen1

Load 1

j Q

Gen2

Load 2

Load 3

Load 4

Load 5

Load 6


j Q

j Q


Study 81 Relay ResponseStudy 81 Relay Response

P + j Q

Gen1

Load 1

P’ + j Q’

Gen2

P1 + jQ1

P3 + jQ3

P6 + jQ6

Load 2

Load 3

Load 6



Load 4

Load 5

Actual Operating ConditionActual Operating Condition

P + j Q

Gen1

Load 1

P’ + j Q’

Gen2

P1 + jQ1

P3 + jQ3

P6 + jQ6

Load 3

Load 6



Load 2

P4 + jQ4

P5 + jQ5

Load 4

Load 5

Actual Operating ConditionActual Operating Condition

jQ

Gen1

Load 1

P’ + j Q’

Gen2

jQ1

jQ3

P6 + jQ6

Load 3

Load 6



Load 2

P4 + jQ4

P5 + jQ5

Load 4

Load 5

81 Relay Response81 Relay Response

P + j Q

Gen1

Load 1

P’ + j Q’

Gen2

P1 + jQ1

P3 + jQ3

P6 + jQ6

Load 3

Load 4

Load 5

Load 6



Load 2

DependenciesDependencies

Disturbance Type & Location Generation Level Spin Reserve System Configuration System Loading Load Distribution Operation Constraints Individual Circuit Breaker Loading


Intelligent Load SheddingIntelligent Load SheddingObjectiveObjective

Shed Minimum Load

How to Achieve ObjectivesHow to Achieve Objectives

Fast Load Shedding (less than 100ms) Optimal Combinations of Loads (CBs) Neural Network + Direct Logic Knowledge Base Direct User-Definable Logic Multiple Subsystems



ILS Knowledge BaseILS Knowledge Base

Hundreds of TS Studies Stored

System Knowledge is Never Lost


ILS ConfigurationILS Configuration





Fast Load SheddingFast Load SheddingFast Load SheddingFast Load Shedding

CBTrip

70

TriggerSignalto CB

10

FaultDetection

(50)

Fault Clearing Time

ms

10

TriggerReceivedby PLC

LoadCB

Open

90Local PLC

Time ms

PLCOutput

Triggers

30

Remote PLCs

PLCOutput

Triggers

90

LoadCB

Open

15070

TriggerReceivedby PLCs

30Time ms



Fast Load SheddingFast Load SheddingFast Load SheddingFast Load Shedding

FaultDetection

(50)

TriggerSignalto CB

CBTrip

5.50.5Fault

Clearing Time Cy

0.5

TriggerReceivedby PLC

PLCOutput

Triggers

Local PLC

2

LoadCB

Open

7Time Cy

Remote PLCs

PLCOutput

Triggers

7

LoadCB

Open

125.5

TriggerReceivedby PLCs

2Time Cy




ILS vs. Frequency Relay LSILS vs. Frequency Relay LSILS vs. Frequency Relay LSILS vs. Frequency Relay LS


ILS vs. Frequency Relay LSILS vs. Frequency Relay LSILS vs. Frequency Relay LSILS vs. Frequency Relay LS


* PLC time only ** Exclude detection of signal

ETAP ILSPMS

SiemensPowerLogic

SQDPMS ABB

FrequencyRelays

Response <100ms 100ms* 150ms** <100ms** Seconds

ILS ComparisonILS Comparison


Fault

Time

LoadCB

Open

81 Relay

100ms to 500ms

PLC Receives

Signal

150ms to 300ms


ILS vs. PLC Based LSILS vs. PLC Based LSILS vs. PLC Based LSILS vs. PLC Based LS


Key FeaturesKey FeaturesKey FeaturesKey Features

User-Defined Load Priority User-Defined Load Groups Unlimited Load Shedding Schedules Operator Friendly Interface On-Line Testing to Validate ILS Actions User-Defined Trigger Inhibition Operator Alerts



Optimal CB CombinationOptimal CB Combination


LoadMW

Shed Load

Req. to Shed

16.00ILS Group1 7.22

2.004.57

ILS Group2 3.25 17.04 -1.04

PLC Based 7.222.004.57

8.23 22.02 -6.02

ILS Operator Friendly InterfaceILS Operator Friendly Interface

Operator Display Load MW

Loads to Shed

Spinning Reserve

Required Load to Shed

Active Triggers


Unlimited Load Shedding SchedulesUnlimited Load Shedding Schedules

ILS Load Shed VerificationILS Load Shed Verification


ILS ConfigurationILS Configuration



ILS Normal OperationILS Normal Operation

ILS Server


PLC Based Backup OperationPLC Based Backup Operation

System Data

Frequency Relay

X

ILS Server

ILS ResponseILS Response

Generator Breaker Trip

Utility Main Breaker Trip

Fuel Availability

Process Alarms

Faults in the System

Spinning Reserve Availability

User-Customizable Triggers


Response to Mechanical & Electrical DisturbancesResponse to Mechanical & Electrical Disturbances

P.T. Newmont ProjectP.T. Newmont Project


P.T. Newmont ProjectP.T. Newmont Project


Integration ServicesIntegration Services

Integration Strategy

System Modeling & Development

Architecture & Technology Consulting

Technology Pre-Study & Piloting

Enterprise Systems Connectivity

Metering Hardware Evaluation

Monitoring & Control System Design

and more

ETAP Real -Time

PARTE 2PARTE 2

ELABORACION DIAGRAMA UNIFILAR

CREANDO UN NUEVO PROYECTO

ABRIENDO PROYECTO CREADO

ELABORACION DIAGRAMA UNIFILAR

One-Line Diagram

Toolbar Format

Mode Toolbar

Dumpster

Project View

Project Toolbar

Configuration Manager

Study Case Toolbar

Scenario Wizard

Message Log

EtapElaboración Diagrama Unifilar

OLV

Select Status Configuration

Unlimited Number of Configurations to Save Status of Switching

Devices/Loads

Select Mode

Edit Mode: Drag/Drop & Connect Elements

Study Mode: Load Flow, Short-Circuit, … etc.

Message LoggerView the latest messages related to

PowerStation Projects.It can be expanded or reduced.

One-Line DiagramIn Edit Mode

Help LineDisplays the

description for every entry field.

Edit Toolbar AC ElementsDC Elements

Instrument Devices

Project View

Mode Toolbar Format(Etap 7.1)

•Pointer•2W Transformer

•Cable•Reactor

•Power Grid•Wind Turbine Generator

•Induction Motor•Lumped Load•Static Load•Panel System

•Remote Connector•Static Var Compensator

•Composite Motor•Fuse

•HVCB•Recloser

•Overload Heater•Single Throw Switch

•Display Options•Instrumentation

•Bus•3W Transformer•Trans. Line

•Impedance•Generator•MG set•Synch. Motor•MOV

•Capacitor•Harmonic Filter•Phase Adapter

•HV DC Transmission Link•Composite Network•Contactor•LVCB

•In line- Overload Relay

•Ground Grid•Schedule Report Manager

•Double Throw Switch

BusPointerDC

CableDC Impedance

ConverterBattery

DC MotorDC Lumped Load

DC Composite MotorDC CB

Charger

InverterVFD

DC Double Throw Switch•Single Throw Switch

DC Fuse

Uninterruptible power supply

Composite NetworkComposite CSD

DC Static Load

•Current Transformer

•Voltmeter

•Multi meter

•Voltage Relay 27 / 59

•Frequency Relay 81

•Motor relay

•Differential Relay

•Tag Link

•Potential Transformer

•Ammeter

•Reverse Power Relay

•MV Solid State Trip Relay

•Overcurrent Relay

•Multi-function Relay

Analysis Toolbar Format

Analysis Toolbars have the following sections:

1. Run the calculation

2. Display Options

3. View the generated reports

4. Stop the calculation

5. Get On-Line data and Get Archived Data

6. Load Flow Result Analyzer

All PowerStation Analysis toolbars follow this general format.

System Dumpster

El concepto basurero del Etap es diferente al basurero que se usa en windows. El Dumpster tiene varias celdas de memoria donde se almacena el o los elementos (agrupados) eliminados o cortados, hasta que se haga doble click en la barra de herramientas del Dumpster donde tendra la opción de

Entrando a la opción Edit se elimina un elemento en forma definitiva.

El Dumpster permite almacenar aquellos elementos del OLV que no son deseados en un momento, pero pueden ser recuperados del basurero durante la construcción del OLV

Project View

El Project View es un árbol de representacion gráfica que incluye las presentaciones, configuraciones, casos de estudio, librerias y componentes asociados con tu proyecto.

Project Toolbar

El Project Toolbar contiene los botones que le permiten realizar los accesos rápidos de muchas órdenes comúnmente usadas en ETAP.

Configuration Manager

El propósito del director de configuración es proporcionar una interfaz para las capacidades siguientes:

Inspección del estado de configuración de cada dispositivo en el proyecto activo de una manera tabular

Capacidad de cambiar el estado de configuración de cualquier PD , Fuente o Carga en el proyecto

Capacidad de rastrear cambios en el estado de configuración de cualquier PD, Fuente o Carga en el proyecto

Capacidad de comprobar (inspector) el estado de configuración de cualquier PD, Fuente o Carga en el proyecto

Study Case Toolbar

Esta barra de tareas es mostrada automáticamente cuando usted está en uno de los modos de estudio. La barra de tareas de Caso de Estudio le permite controlar y manejar los parámetros de solución de estudio e informes de salida.

Scenario Wizard

Un escenario le permite agrupar todas las opciones de estudio en un lugar. Por esta razón, los escenarios son útiles en cualquier momento en que usted quiere registrar un estudio para la ejecución. Los escenarios son creados y registrados en el Mago de escenario y pueden ser controlados individualmente en cualquier momento. Un proyecto puede tener un número ilimitado de escenarios. Los escenarios son compuestos de los parámetros siguientes:

System (Network Analysis or CSD Analysis)Presentation (for example, one-line diagram, UGS, or CSD)

Revision Data (Base or Revision Data)Configuration Status (for example, Normal, Stage 1, or TSEvents)

Study Mode (for example, LOAD FLOW or SHORT-CIRCUIT)

Study Case (loading and generation system operation factors and solution parameters)

Study Type (vary depending on Study Mode)

Output Report (vary depending on Study Mode)

Message LogETAP registra ciertas actividades cuando usted trabaja con su proyecto . Por ejemplo, ETAP registra una entrada siempre que usted abra o cierre un proyecto. Además, ETAP registra entradas cuando usted suprime objetos de OLE o pone al día conexiones de OLE y siempre que encuentre algunos errores internos al correr un modo de estudio, ( ejemplo: corriente circulante )

Message Log

Documents

2.l ETAP Real-Time