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2A. Develop a Formal Action Plan: Goals and Objectives
Conservation Coaches Network Workshop Presentation
Adaptive Management Workshop Presentations
1A-1B. Team, Scope, Vision1B. Conservation Targets1B. Viability Assessment
2A-1. Strategy Selection2A-2. Results Chains2A-3. Goals and Objectives
2B. Monitoring Plan
1C. Threat Rating
1D. Conceptual Models
This Presentation
• What is a goal?• How to define goals• What are objectives?• How to define objectives• How to determine if strategies (with results
chains and objectives) are sufficient to achieve goals
Goals & Objectives
What is a Goal?
Goal: A formal statement detailing a desired impact of a project, such as the desired future status of a target.
Goals & Objectives
Criteria for Goals
A Good Goal Meets the Criteria:Linked to targets: Directly associated with one or more of
your conservation targets.
Should be phrased in terms of the Key Ecological Attribute(s) of the target that you are trying to conserve
Size – Geographic extent (ecosystem or habitat); Abundance &/or demographics of the population/community (species)
Condition – Composition, structure, & biotic interactionsLandscape Context – Landscape-scale ecological
processes, adjacency and connectivity
Goals & Objectives
Criteria for Goals
Impact oriented: Represents the desired future status of the conservation target over the long-term.
A preview of Results Chains:
Goals & Objectives
Criteria for Goals
Time Limited: Achievable within a specific period of time, generally 10 or more years.
Measurable: Definable in relation to some standard scale (numbers, percentage, fractions, or all/nothing states).
Specific: Clearly defined so that all people involved in the project have the same understanding of what the terms in the goal mean.
Goals & Objectives
This Presentation
• What is a goal?• How to define goals• What are objectives?• How to define objectives• How to determine if strategies (with results
chains and objectives) are sufficient to achieve goals
Goals & Objectives
How to Define Goals
1. Choose a conservation target
2. Select key ecological attributes of the target to represent in the goal
3. Write a draft description of the future desired condition of the target
4. Apply criteria
5. Modify the goal as needed
6. Analyze whether all relevant strategies / results chains should be sufficient to achieve the goal
Goals & Objectives
Our Example – Swan Coastal Plain Wetlands
Adapted from WWF Australia’s WetlandsWatch Project
Goals & Objectives
2. Select Key Ecological Attributes of the Target to Represent in the Goal
From the Viability Assessment…
Indicator Ratings
Target Category KEA Indicator Poor Fair Good Very
Good
Seasonally flooded
wetlandsSize
Area of seasonally
flooded wetlands
# of hectares
<1,000 ha.
1,000 – 2,000 ha.
2,001 – 3,000
ha.
>3,000 ha.
Goals & Objectives
2. Select Key Ecological Attributes of the Target to Represent in the Goal
From the Viability Assessment…
Indicator Ratings
Target Category KEA Indicator Poor Fair Good Very
Good
Seasonally flooded
wetlands
Landscape Context
Water level fluctuations
Hydroperiod
<12 weeks fully flooded and/or 17+
weeks completely
dry
12+ weeks fully
flooded and ≤16 weeks
completely dry
Goals & Objectives
2. Select Key Ecological Attributes of the Target to Represent in the Goal
• Target: Seasonally flooded wetlands• Key Ecological Attributes:
– Area– Water level fluctuations
Goals & Objectives
3. Write a Draft Goal
• Target: Seasonally flooded wetlands• Key Ecological Attributes:
– Area– Water level fluctuations
• Draft Goal: By 2025, the area of seasonally flooded wetlands are restored to historic levels
Goals & Objectives
4. Apply Criteria
• Target: Seasonally flooded wetlands
• Key Ecological Attributes:– Area– Water level fluctuations
• Draft Goal: By 2025, the area of seasonally flooded wetlands are restored to historic levels
• Criteria:– Linked to target?– Impact-oriented?– Time-bound?– Specific?– Measurable?
Goals & Objectives
5. Modify the Goal as Needed
• Target: Seasonally flooded wetlands
• Key Ecological Attributes:– Area– Water level fluctuations
• Draft Goal: By 2025, the area of seasonally flooded wetlands are restored to historic levels
• Criteria:– Linked to target?– Impact-oriented?– Time-bound?– Specific?– Measurable?
Modified Goal:
Goals & Objectives
5. Modify the Goal as Needed
• Target: Seasonally flooded wetlands
• Key Ecological Attributes:– Area– Water level fluctuations
• Draft Goal: By 2025, the area of seasonally flooded wetlands are restored to historic levels
• Criteria:– Linked to target?– Impact-oriented?– Time-bound?– Specific?– Measurable?
Modified Goal: By 2025, there are at least 2,100 ha. of seasonally flooded wetlands with good annual water level fluctuations and representative native species.
Goals & Objectives
Final Goal
• By 2025, at least 2,100 ha of high conservation value* wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain maintain a “good” hydroperiod** and contain viable populations of key native flora and fauna, as listed by the Department of Environment and Conservation.
* High conservation value wetlands = wetlands assigned ‘Conservation’ management category by the Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia.** “Good” hydroperiod is defined as 12-16 weeks in fully flooded condition and no more than 16 weeks in completely dry condition (no standing water)
Goals & Objectives
Goal: By 2025, ensure “Good” base flows in summer (Aug-Oct) so that no sections of river go dry (~50 to 75 CFS in dry years)
Key Attribute = Hydrologic regime
Bold = CurrentItalics = Desired
Poor Fair Good Very Good
6 Great Basin Riverine Aquatic System
Landscape Context
hydrological regime
Base flow No base flow in summer
Low base flow in summer (including drying up in sections)
Moderate base flow in summer (no sections go dry)
High base flow in summer Fair
Current RatingConservation Target
Enter # of TargetCategory
Key Attribute
IndicatorIndicator Ratings
Example of a Goal Goals & Objectives
Careful…A Goal is NOT a Threat Reduction Objective
Conservation target: Seasonally flooded wetlands
Goal: By 2025…high conservation value* wetlands…
Threat to target: Clearing for residential development and infrastructure
Threat reduction objective: Beginning in 2012, there is no further clearing of high conservation value wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain.
Goals & Objectives
Example Goal
• Target: Coral Reefs• Goal: By 2025, at least 80% of the coral reef
habitat in the northern bioregion will have live coral coverage of at least 20% and will contain healthy populations of key species* * Healthy populations of species at the top of the food
chain, such as sharks, and an abundance of other key species, such as parrot fish and spiny lobster. Whether a population is “healthy” will be based on the latest scientific understanding. See viability assessment for population numbers for different species.
Goals & Objectives
Example Goal
• Target: Montane forest (in Eastern Arcs)• Goal: By 2017, 100% of remaining montane
forest* is effectively conserved** and connectivity among major forest patches*** is created.
* Based on baseline data from 1999 -2003 (total is around 2,000,529 ha)
** Effectively conserved = Intact tree canopy with full set of species including representative endemic species
*** Ulugurus (Bunduki, Kitumbaku Hills), East Usambaras (Derema, Nilo-Kambai/Segoma), Udzungwa (Scarp to Matundu/Iyonde)
Goals & Objectives
Which of the Following Comply with the Criteria for a Good Goal?
• In 10 years, eliminate mangrove harvesting in all of Ban Don Bay, Thailand.
• By 2022, more than 80 pairs of quetzales will successfully nest and reproduce each year in the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve.
• Within 12 years of the start of the project, Katani Nature Preserve will serve as an effective ecological corridor for tigers traveling between Karimara and Sulaken National Parks.
• By 2015, the population of Golden Lion Tamarins has increased.
Goals & Objectives
This Presentation
• What is a goal?• How to define goals• What are objectives?• How to define objectives• How to determine if strategies (with results
chains and objectives) are sufficient to achieve goals
Goals & Objectives
Develop Your Objectives
Objective: A formal statement detailing a desired outcome of a project such as reducing a critical threat.
A good objective should meet the following criteria:
Outcome Oriented: Specifies necessary changes in critical threats and other factors that affect one or more project goals
Goals & Objectives
Develop Your Objectives
Specific: Clearly defined so that all people involved in the project have the same understanding of what the terms in the objective mean.
Measurable: Definable in relation to some standard scale (numbers, percentage, fractions, or all/nothing states).
Time Limited: Achievable within a specific period of time. (Necessarily less than the timeframe of the associated goal.)
Practical: Achievable and appropriate within the context of the project.
Goals & Objectives
This Presentation
• What is a goal?• How to define goals• What are objectives?• How to define objectives• How to determine if strategies (with results
chains and objectives) are sufficient to achieve goals
Goals & Objectives
How Do You Write a Good Objective?
1. Select a result in your results chain where you want an objective
2. Write a draft objective for that result
Draft 1: “More landowners are implementing BMPs on their properties”
3. Apply the criteria to modify and refine your draft objective - Outcome oriented - Specific- Measureable - Time limited- Practical
Landowners implement best mgmt practices
Goals & Objectives
How Do You Write a Good Objective?
3. Apply the criteria to modify and refine your draft objective
Draft 2: “By 2022, at least 75% of landowners are implementing BMPs on their properties”
Draft 3: “By 2022, at least 75% of those landowners informed about best management practices are implementing at least two BMPs on their properties”
Goals & Objectives
Develop Your Objectives
OBJ. C2: By 2015 and thereafter, at least 90% of Eucalyptus-
Melaleuca woodlands and 75% of the seasonally-flooded wetlands
remain invasives-free
OBJ. B: By 2011, there are no more than 10 infractions issued annually against landowners in
the Swan Coastal Plain for illegal clearing of vegetation
OBJ. A: By 2013, none of the landowners in the Swan Coastal Plain are creating fire breaks as
part of their vegetation management regime
OBJ. C1: By 2015 and thereafter, no new invasive plant species are
detected in the Eucalyptus-Melaleuca woodlands and
seasonally flooded wetlands
Goals & Objectives
Which of These Comply with the Criteria for a Good Objective?
• By 2010, no water concessions are granted in identified critical grasslands and associated wetlands.
• Promote community wellbeing and health in the area surrounding the Indah Biosphere Reserve.
• To establish a sustainable enterprise-based conservation and development project that meets the needs of local people while protecting biodiversity in the region surrounding Indah Biosphere Reserve.
• By the end of the project, annual household income for all families participating in non-timber forest product harvesting enterprises has increased by at least 20%.
Goals & Objectives
OBJ. HF2: By 2012, at least 80% of samples over entire scope
meet updated State and Federal water quality standards of
nitrates, nonylphenols, and other potential pollutants
OBJ. A2: By 2011, permits for NPDES
include limits for nonylphenol
OBJ. A1: At least once/year starting in 2008, SLOSEA
provides a synthesis of pollutant data to public and policy makers
Real World Examples of Objectives
OBJ. A4: During next cycle, stormwater plans are updated to
reflect findings from the pollutant monitoring strategy
Adapted from SLOSEA 2008, Morro Bay, California
Goals & Objectives
OBJ.: By 2015, 2.78 million acres in WUI treated annually by federal agencies
OBJ.: By 2012, 60% of American population understands the need for ecological fire management (including rxfire, thinning, letting natural fires burn)
Real World Examples of Objectives
OBJ.: By 2015 Congress and agency leadership allocate $705 million/year for restoration of fire-adapted ecosystems
Adapted from TNC Global Fire Initiative 2008, USA
Goals & Objectives
This Presentation
• What is a goal?• How to define goals• What are objectives?• How to define objectives• How to determine if strategies (with results
chains and objectives) are sufficient to achieve goals
Goals & Objectives
Determining If Strategies Are Sufficient to Achieve Goal
• Build a high-level results chain including:– A target and its goal(s)– All relevant threat reduction results– Viability results (optional)– All relevant strategies– For each strategy, 1-2 major intermediate results
• Analyze whether all strategies, with their associated major results / objectives, will be sufficient to achieve the goal
Goals & Objectives
Determining If Strategies Are Sufficient to Achieve Goal
Goal: By 2025, at least 2,100 ha of high conservation value* wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain maintain a “good” hydroperiod…
Viability results (optional) are included to clarify which strategies contribute to which aspects of viability
Goals & Objectives
Sufficient?Goal: By 2025, at least 2,100 ha of high conservation value* wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain maintain a “good” hydroperiod…
Include strategies that other organizations are implementing
Determining If Strategies Are Sufficient to Achieve Goal
Goals & Objectives
Conservation strategies are a group of actions designed to enhance viability of a target (GOAL) and/or abate a critical threat (OBJECTIVE).
Goals & Objectives – What you want to accomplish
Strategies – How you are going to get there
A threat reduction objective is not a goal.Objectives should be specific, measurable, time Limited,
and practical.
Be relatively sure that your strategies are really sufficient to achieve your objective/goal.
Key Points Goals & Objectives