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Designing interpretive signs: Principles inpractice

ARTICLE

Source: OAI

CITATIONS

13

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138

3 AUTHORS:

Gianna Moscardo

James Cook University

116PUBLICATIONS 1,763CITATIONS

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Roy Ballantyne

University of Queensland

109PUBLICATIONS 2,101CITATIONS

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Karen Hughes

University of Queensland

29PUBLICATIONS 535CITATIONS

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Available from: Roy Ballantyne

Retrieved on: 25 January 2016
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/institution/James_Cook_University?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Queensland?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Queensland?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Hughes3?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Queensland?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy_Ballantyne?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/James_Cook_University?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gianna_Moscardo?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43480638_Designing_interpretive_signs_Principles_in_practice?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_3https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43480638_Designing_interpretive_signs_Principles_in_practice?enrichId=rgreq-80b449ed-cd30-4f50-9e8e-18b06f035ec1&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzQzNDgwNjM4O0FTOjk5MzI2NzIyMzE0MjU3QDE0MDA2OTI3NDQ0ODA%3D&el=1_x_2


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A

Abstract st ructure, 79

Acccm lighting, 34

Ac.cess ibi lit y

American with Disabilities Act

anci,91

he\l

Tin

g im p:.1

irllWn r

~ m d

94--95

improving, to signs and

ex hi bilS , 91-97

removal of phys ical barriers

.nd, 91-92

vis ion im

pairment

and, 52

Action, 52- 53

Active sentences, 62

Act vc verbs, 63

AJ"l-'lC:l li

ull

lO lig illi llg, )-1

Ado lescents, 110

)\duit IHenley, tests of. 55-56

Age, ~ l i n s LO

d iff

ere

nt g r

oups,

104--10

"Aha" moment, 69-72

Ambience of your illlerpre live

fac

ilit

y 33

Ambiguous statements in ti tles, 48

American with Disabilities Act

l990)

,

9l.

Analogies, 17-18, 36-38,

72

everyday, for biological

cU l

u.:e

p ls,

19

Ana

logous colors,

51

Anecdotes, 65, 116

Aparthe id ,

usi

ng hO I i

nter

p

re

t

a

tion to present informati on

about, 84

Aquariums, 3

An

cl ip, 77

interpreting,

89-91

line, 77

Art ga

lleries, 1,

3,86,89,90

Artifacts, everyday, 86

Ani 'H-ilJ-It: :IiLit:m:t:

progra

m ,

90

AS) 'lllmetry,

49-50

Allemion

ef>Ttlng visitors , 27 - 38

me thods

of

auracling, 35

AUention

spa

n , 112-13

Attrac Ung power,

117

Aud ience. Sec

s

Visi tors

appealing to mature , 96-97

i

dentify

ing, 14 16

interpretation

in demonstrati

ng

understa nd ing of,

and

respect for.

11-

12

making

personal

connec

t

ion

wil h ,

5-7

Audio presenta tions, 93

Audiotaped sto ries, 86

Aud io tour, 23

Aud iovisua l

di

sp lays , 86-87

B

acJ.:::ground in fo rmaLi on, 90

Da

l

ancc

formal, 49

in for ma l,49-50

;

ik ing

. 1Q_40

of visual we igh t,

48

Best-practice signage

inte rpre tive,

121

placement,

89

Biological con

cepts

, everyday

analogies for , 19

Boardwal ks,

14,23,31,

B7

130dy-ldnesthet

iC

intelligence,

106

Body text, size of, 40

OVl


3/6

136

D

Decorative typefaces , 42

Diagrams, 77, 95

Dialogue, 65

Diffu

5C

li

gh

ti

ng,

34

Discovery holes, ) 11

Dramat iza tions, 95

E

Ear ly primary, 108-9

Eastern Lake Ontario Sand Dune

und

Wctlu nd Ar

cfI,

cnsc

study of, 79

Ecosystems, 79

Editing, 18

El eva tors, 9 1

Emorions, co

lor and,

50

Emotive appr

oac

h, 83-84

Lnteftainmc.nt in inle.rpn.:.t ivc

settings, 8

EROT principles, 5

Evaluation , 11 5-2 0 .

See also

Research; Surveys

l

or

mative, 116-1 8

fron t-end , 115, 11 6

II I.:t:U

fU I,

1 1:;

sU

lTImativc,

115,

11 8-20

sys tematic. 115

Everyday nni fac ts, 86

Everyday items, 86

Exa mpl

es

,

use

of, in

th

emes. 48

Exhibits.

See

also

In ter pretive

signs anct exhibits

computer, 109

evaluation of, 22-25

imp roving access to. 91

-97

im


4/6

Interpretation,

co

ll timlC:d

in

t r n l i

u n

dc

r ::;t

an d

ing of, and respect for

audi

ence,

11 -

12

in engagi ng vis itors in it.'a rning

experiencc, 10-11

intended audience, 5-7

making personal conn ec tion

with , 5-7

organiz


5/6

138

Organiza

ti

on , 40

O rienta tio n 51gns , 1-3

Outdoor in :e

rp

rC

l


6/6

Stnlcture, continued

of exhib its, 109, 122

of

text, 40, 62 , 95

of

walks, 87, 88

Smd1ers,9

Subheadings, 9 102

Subthemes,

]9

choo ing be t tool for

job,

19-21

Summative evaluation,

115 ,

118-20

Sun light, 34

Surprise , 31

Surveys.

ee

t/so Evalua tion;

Research

exit,

120

frontend evalua li

on

using, 14

mh

ouse,7l

of

visitors, 15, 22

Symmetry,

49

Sy:HCl11alic

cvaluat ion , ] l 5

T

T;tc:

ti le.

gr:l phkc; , c)2-c)1

Takehome messages , LO 5 1

Text, 79

amount

of, 48

breaking up, 44-47

layering of, 9, 12,69,

74-77,

104, 122

selecting effect ive, 60-62

spacing of, 41-42

stnl cture

of

40 62,

95

Thcmcs, 19

choosing best tool f

or

job, 19-21

in connecting dots, 72-74

defined, 16

developing appropriate, 10

devel

oping

prior

to selecting

illustrations, 79

examples

of

erfect ive interpre-

tative , 17

in

terp reta

ti

on

basing on,

9-10

selection 01

87-88

turning one

LOpic

il1lo several

interpre

ti

ve , 18

INDEX

Themes, co t ued

turning your objec

ti

ves in to,

16 -

18

use of examples in ,

48

Three-dimensional features in

setting off titles, 36

Three-cl imensionalmodels , 52

Titles, 9, 35-38

ambiguous statemenlS in, 48

humor in, 48

le ngt.h of

3fi. 4R

making catchier, 37

questions in,

48

three-dimensional fea tures in

setting off, 36

type si

ze

for, 36

Tone,

color

in

selling, 50-51

Tourist attractions,

1

T

ra

fric fl ow 100

optimizing, 32

problems o

f

119

Trails

ch ildren's,

within

regular

exhibi ts , 11 _n

in terpretative signs along, 3

interpretive,

3, 88-89, 112

signs for 22, 32

Transitional style, 43

Transitional type faces,

42

T r i a ~ a n d e T o r

format, 117

Typelaces, 40, 42- 43

categories of, 42-43

U

Unexpected provocative statements,

36-38

V

Varied experiences, providing, 7-8

Variety,

47-48

color in adding, 50

Verbs, 62

us

i

ng

ac

ti

ve vivid, 62

Virtual reality exhibits , 86-87

Vision impairment , 52

Visitor centers, L 2, 3, 15, 23, 115

139

Visitors. ee

also

Audience

allowing choice in

i

nt

erpreta-

tion, 10-11

a

rOUSing emo tions or, 83-86

books of 120

direc ti ng, 66

experiences

of, 3

4 5 6 8

10,13,17,20,21,22,32,

36,53,64,67,71,

84

exp lori ng

perceptions of, 120

now of , 2

1R

gelling attention of. 27-38

identirying management issues,

14

keeping atlenltOn of , 39

locating signs

wi

thin

line

of

vision, 28-29

number 01 32

popularity of signs with , 22- 23

surveys of, 15,

22

le:chniqu es

to

fOSler

learning,

69-8

1

usage pa tterns

of, 119

Visu>I]

cues,

9S

Visual harmony, creating, 48 -

50

Visual symmetry, 49

W

\OVar memorials,

86

War museums ,

83-84

Warning signs, 2-3

categories

of, 1

Wear and

tear,

examining pallerns

uf, [U t :::.ig lJ

p laCt

JlIt::lJt ,

28

Whi te space, 48

Wildlife parks, 3, 1

5,23

Wildli fe viewi ng, p r t ~ l i o n

signs for 23

Witticisms, 37

Words

number

of,

on

signs, 43-44

power

of

written,

55-60

Working

memory, 96

z

Zoos, 3, 69, 103

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2943 Moscardo 2007 Back Pages