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The Bruker ICP-MS – a Versatile Tool for Sensitive and Interference Free Analysis of Different Matrices

2

Environmental

Waters Analysis • Drinking water • Effluents from industrial sites

Sea Water Analysis• Most elements at ultra-trace levels

Soil, Sediment and Land Site Contamination

• Trace and toxic elements• Samples digested/leached in acids

Applications for ICP-MS

Agriculture and Food

Food safety

• Toxic elements Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As

Plants, HerbsFertilizer, Animal FeedFood, Fruits and Beverages

• Toxic, essential and macrominerals

• Meats, Crops, Milk, Tea, Wine, Juice

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3

Clinical research

Bloods, Serums, Urine, Tissues

• Complex matrix, viscous

• High levels of C, S, P, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl

Trace, Toxic and Nutritional

• As, Pb, Tl, Th, Cd, Cr

• Se, Cu, Mn, Au, Pt

• I, Hg

Applications for ICP-MS

Geochemical Applications

Soils

• Digestion required

• High TDS & matrix

Rocks, Ceramics, Fly ash, Coal

• Possibly crushed & fused

• Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn

Minerals and precious metals prospecting

• Gold and the PGEs (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir and Os)

• Rare earth elements at trace levels

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Other Applications

Industrial

• Cement and building products

Nuclear

• Cooling water (10B/11B)

• Isotope ratios

Forensic

• Gun powder residues

Gold Characterization• Purity• Element fingerprinting

to infer the origin of the material

Applications for ICP-MS

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Diagram of ICP-MS Operations

Sample

Data Process

Ion SourceMass AnalyserDetector

VacuumVacuum

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ICP-MSSample Preparation – Introduction

Liquid samples• (dilute), run

Suspensions• filtrate/digest, run

Viscous samples• dilute, run

Powders and Solids • digest (microwave), run

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S.G.

P.G. A.G.

N.G.

Sample Flow

To Waste

P.G. – Plasma Gas

A.G. – Auxiliary Gas

N.G. – Nebulizer Gas

S.G. – Sheath Gas

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High Performance Ion Optics

90 degree ion mirror• Increased efficiency and sensitivity

• Reduced contamination

• Improved long term signal stability

• Simplified operation

• Maintenance-free

Curved entrance rods• Double off axis quadrupole

• Removes excited neutrals before they reach thequadrupole

• Lowest possible backgrounds

• Better detection limits

8

12

3

4

5

6

7

Ion Optics – working principle

1. Extract lens-1

2. Extract lens-2

3. Extract lens-3

4. Corner Lens

5. Mirror lens (L, R, B)

6. Entrance Lens

7. Entrance Plate

IonsIons

NeutralsNeutrals

PhotonsPhotons

Bruker ICP-MS - Low Noise Quadrupol

Entrance lense

S-shaped pre-Quadrupol

3 MHz Quadrupol

1

2

3

1

2

3

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Schematic of the Detector Operation

The detector coverts ions into electrical pulses. Adjustment of voltage applied to control dynode provides attenuation of final output signal.

Control Section

Signal Output

QuadrupoleGain Control

Ion to e-

Conversion

Amplification

e-

e-e-+ e-

9 Orders Linear Dynamic Range

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

10ppt

100ppt

1ppb

10ppb

100ppb

1ppm

10ppm

100ppm

0.1%

1%

Normal-sensitivity-Mode

1 MHz

1 GHz

Cd - Limit TVO5 ppb

U - 1 ppb

Ca-Conc.

K-ConC.

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Interference Management

The CRI Technology

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Spectral Interferences in ICP-MS

CRI reduce/remove common plasma based interferences

Element Isotope Interfering ion

Calcium 40Ca 40Ar+

Vanadium 51V 16O35Cl+

Chromium 52Cr 40Ar12C+

Iron 56Fe 40Ar16O+

Arsenic 75As 40Ar35Cl+

Selenium 78Se 40Ar38Ar+

80Se 40Ar40Ar+

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CRI – Collision Reaction Interface

• Operates on the plasma, NOT the ion beam

• Uses similar chemistry to collision cells, but under very different conditions of temperature and pressure

15

Simple collision and reaction gases (He and H2) are injected into the plasma as it passes through the cones…

Interferences are attenuated, allowing lower detection limits and better accuracy for ‘difficult’ elements.

e.g. As, Se, V, Cr, Ca, Fe, etc.

CRI Simple and Effective

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New and Improved CRI II

Universal Mode• CRI in ‘All He mode’ for all elements• Faster and simpler methodology

Caters to future USEPA 200.8 requirements

Nitrox 500 for online addition of N2 -improves As & Se detection

limits

Multi-mode• Using optimal CRI conditions for more

complex matrices (H2, He)

• Clinical, semi-conductor, geochemical, etc…

Fe-analysis in Ca-matrix with CRI - H2

CaO (and ArO) interference on Fe

Bruker Quantum, ICP-MS Software

• Integrated LC-ICP-MS• Integratede LA-ICP-MS

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Aerosol dilution

Minimizes sample preparation by extending matrix tolerance of ICP-MS

• For samples containing 0.2 to 4% Total Dissolved SolidsEg. seawater contains ~3.5% TDS

• Inline dilution via detuning of nebulizer efficiency & sheath gas dilution effect

• Achieve 10-fold dilution without additional sample prep

• Suitable for seawater, metals and mining, high TDS effluents

Auto-optimization of Aerosol Dilution

Two dilution settings

• Low dilution5-fold dilutionSamples with ~1-2%

TDSMetals and mining,

effluents

• High dilution10-fold dilutionSamples with ~2-4%

TDS Seawater

5-fold reduction in oxide interferences

Rare Earths21.04.2320

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Typical Analysis Settings

0.1-0.3 L/min

0.8-1.1 L/min

More efficient nebulization

Low gas dilution

Aerosol Dilution Settings

0.8-1.1 L/min

0.1-0.3 L/min

Less efficient nebulization

High gas dilution

Followed by automatic optimization of ion optic settings

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Seawater Analysis using Aerosol Dilution

% Recovery of 10ug/L multi-element spiked into undiluted seawater

0%

100%

% Recovery 105% 109% 99% 109% 92% 95% 110% 101%

56Fe 75As 78Se 52Cr 59Co 68Zn 114Cd Pb

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New! Nitrox 500 Gas Accessory

Add N2 or O2 online to auxiliary gas

0-500 mL/min, computer controlled

N2 for improved sensitivity and reduced

interferences on As & Se

• 3-4 times sensitivity improvement

• lower DL’s for enviro applications

O2 for organic solvents

• petrochemical applications0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

N2 OFF N2 ON

Effects of Nitrogen Addition

As75 Se78

Summary

All-digital Detection SystemAll-digital Detection System

• Only detector to offer 109 working range in pulse-counting (digital) mode.

• No cross-calibration of digital-analog modes required

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Unmatched SensitivityUnmatched Sensitivity

• High efficiency ion mirror

• Excellent detection limits

• Attractive to laser ablation and niche application markets

Simplified Interference ManagementSimplified Interference Management

• Innovative Collision-Reaction Interface (CRI)

• Removes interferences at plasma interface, not the ion beam

• Simplified setup and maintenance

Low Maintenance DesignLow Maintenance Design

• Hollow ion mirror design requires no cleaning

• No need for additional cleaning / replace of interference management technology

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For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.