SUBMITTED BY:

JITESH KUMAR11EAYEE021B. Tech. IV Yr., VIII Sem.

INTRODUCTION• Street light automation is quite common in these days , but

generating the required energy through speed breaker is latest trend in the technology .

• Our aim is to generate electric energy from speed breaker , store it into a battery, and utilize the stored energy when required.

• To prove this concept practically , proto type module is constructed.

• Entire system is designed as automatic, human involvement is not required for switching ON/OFF the light.

• Speed breaker is designed electro-mechanical technology.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED• 555 IC

• VOLTAGE REGULATOR

• BRIDGE RECTIFIER

• LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

• RESISTOR

• TRANSISTOR

• BATTERY

3

MECHANICAL STRUCTURE OF SPEED BREAKER

BLOCK DIAGRAM

547

MOSFET

Motor shaft

+6VC

R

+

-

+6V

LDR

Speed breaker mechanismCoupled with motor shaft

DC motor built in with reduction gear mechanism

Bridge rectifier

Voltage regulator6V/4.5AHBattery

Street light designed with high glow LED’s

555 Timer chip configured in monostable mode of operation & used as trigger circuit

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Speed breaker Mechanismcoupled with DC motor shaft

DC motor with built-in Reduction gear mechanism

4 X

40

07 +

-10

0µF 1k

LED

7808

+6V

+ -6V/4.5AH Battery

10k

555

4 8

2

6 1 5

3

+6V+6V

1k1k

547 Z44

HighglowLED’s

CurrentLimiting resistor

+6V

0.1µFLDR

DESCRIPTION AS PER BLOCK DIAGRAMS• SPEED BREAKER MECHANISM :- • It works principle of simple physics i.e. when a moving vehicle passes

through this set up, the kinetic energy of vehicle cause roller to rotate transmission shaft coverts to Electrical Energy cum Mechanical Energy.

• Components which is used :- Pipes (Square type) , chain , DC motor (dynamo) , metal sheet , recoil springs ,gear .

• The mechanical structure contains four legs system is considered as motion convertor. Speed breaker mechanism designed with inclined plates . When ever some force applied on the surface, plates come down and turn rotates geared shaft through chain drive loaded with recoil springs in clockwise direction.

• Similarly mechanism released due to spring action moves home position and turn rotates geared shaft through chain drive in anti clockwise direction. The output of this shaft coverts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

• ELECTRIC MOTOR THAT GERNERATES THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY :-• An electrical motor is a machine that converts Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy. But here reversed principle has been implemented there by motor is

converted as generator i.e. Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy.• On the basis Faraday's law of electro-magnetic induction .

• A DC Motor consists of four main parts i.e. armature, magnetic • field, commutator, & brushes.

• BATTERY & ITS CIRCUIT:-• The battery used in the project work is rated for 4.5AHat 6V.• It is a free type rechargeable battery generally called as

secondary cell. It can supply continuously for a specified interval time.

• Current ratings varies in the case of lead-acid battery with high ampere –hour capacity is called heavy duty battery.

• A bridge rectifier circuit is constructed with four diodes & it is filtered using a capacitor.

• A battery cannot be charge at low voltage as well as In high voltage there fore voltage must be regulated by using voltage regulator device.

• LDR :-• LDR means Light Dependent Resistor , LDR is chose to control the street light

accordingly by the sensing the natural light whether it is dark/bright.• It is very sensitive device, which converts the light energy into variable

resistance & it is light intensity is inversely proportional to resistance .• Light dependent cadmium sulphide resistors are cost effective, versatile , wide linearity & available in different sizes for different applications.• LDR range is resistance varies approximately 50 Ω in bright light to a maximum 2 mega ohms in total darkness.• For this application LDR varied from 400Ω to 5000Ω in the reflectance sensor and from 3000Ω to 8000Ω in intensity sensor.

• LED STREET LIGHT

• Street lights are replaced with high glow LED’s, a group of these lights can

produce the same light intensity those are produced by the old lamps.

Moreover the current consumption is very less when compared with old lamps.

The other advantage is that these LED’s operates at very low voltage. Therefore

the streetlight used in this project work is designed with these cool high glow

LED’s. Depending up on the lamp doom size, number of LED’s arranged in a

group may vary, as it is a prototype module, here 12 LED’s are used. To

simulate the lamppost, one small flexible table lamp pole is used & it is fixed

over a wooden plank.

• DESCRIPTION OF TIMER CHIP (555 IC):-• The 555 timer is one of the most popular and versatile integrated

circuits ever produced. It includes 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).

• The 558 is a 16-pin DIP that combines four slightly modified 555s on a single chip.

• The 555 has three operating modes:• Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a timers, missing

pulse detection, Frequency Divider, Capacitance Measurement, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) etc

• Astable - Free Running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator. ,pulse generation, security alarms, etc.

• Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses etc

Conclusion• The project work “Automatic Street light that is powered through speed

breaker” is designed & developed successfully.• For the demonstration purpose, a proto type module constructed with lower

ratings of devices, & results are found to be satisfactory. • As it is a demo module it cannot be use for real applications, but the concept is

near to the real working system, to make it more realistic, higher rating power generator with suitable gear mechanism is essential to produce more energy.

• This concept falls under the subject of non-conventional energy resources, out of the many alternative energy resources one dependable source is solar energy, but it is quite costliest affair.

• Therefore, alternative cheapest source is to generate electricity from speed breaker.

• This technology proven here is the ultimate inexpensive source of all known forms of energy.