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ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

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TLO:

Identify the engagement techniques required to effectivelydestroy the enemy using proper engagement techniques as

outlined in FM 23-1 Bradley Gunnery

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SAFETY:

RISK ASSESMENT:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS:

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ENGAGEMENT DECEISION

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ELO:

Identify the characteristics that makeup Engagement Decision.

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ENGAGEMENT DECISION

• Target Determination

• Weapon / Ammunition Selection

• Target Confirmation

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TARGET DETERMINATION

Targets are categorized by the threat level that they represent. To defeat multiple targets, the most dangerous targets must be engaged

first.

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TARGET THREAT LEVELS• MOST DANGEROUS: Enemy target with armor defeating capabilities, that appears to be preparing to engage you.

• DANGEROUS: Enemy target with armor defeating capabilities, that is not preparing to engage you.

• LEAST DANGEROUS: Enemy target that does not have an armor defeating capability.

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DETERMINING FACTORS When multiple targets of the same threat level are encountered, the targets must be prioritized to the threat they represent. Factors used to determine this are :

• Engage close-range targets before long-range targets.

• Engage stationary targets before moving targets.

• Engage frontal targets before flank or rear targets.

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WEAPON / AMMUNITION SELECTION

The logical selection of a weapon or ammunition that is appropriate for a

given target.

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TARGET CONFIRMATION

• The rapid verification of the initial identification and discrimination of the target.

* The Bradley Commander is solely responsible for target confirmation.

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ENGAGEMENT EXECUTION

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ELO:

Identify the characteristics that makeup Engagement Execution.

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ENGAGEMENT EXECUTION The weapon systems on the Bradley are used to engage and destroy targets using direct precision and area fires. In order for crews to take advantage of the BFVs weapon systems to quickly lay, engage, and destroy threat targets, they must be experts in the methods and techniques of engagement execution.

• Methods of Engagement

• Engagement Techniques

• Engagement Termination

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METHODS OF ENGAGEMENT

Once a target has been acquired and discriminated, the BC must determine which method to use to engage the target.

• Battlesight Gunnery

• Precision Gunnery

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BATTLESIGHT GUNNERY• Fastest method of engaging targets.

• Utilizes preselected ammunition and range settings (Battlecarry. Does not require the gunner to select ammunition or range.

• Battlecarry set during fire planning. Must consider most frequently expected target and engagement distances.

• Battle carry options: - Ballistic Battlecarry - Extended Battlecarry

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LINE OF SIGHT

TRAJECTORY OF ROUND

AMMUNITION BALLISTIC BATTLESIGHT EXTENDED BATTLESIGHT

APDS-T (M791) 1,200 METERS 2,000 METERS

HEI-T (M792) 800 METERS 2,000 METERS

COAX (7.62-MM) 600 METERS 900 METERS

2000 M

NOT TO SCALE

BALLISTIC BATTLESIGHT

EXTENDEDBATTLESIGHT

1000 M 1200 M

1400 M 1600 M

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PRECISION GUNNERY

• Most accurate method of engagement.

• Requires both ammunition and range selection at the time of engagement.

• BC uses precision gunnery when:

- Time is available to determine precise range.

- Range to the target is known.

- Target is outside of battlesight range band for type of ammunition selected.

- Engagement requires an ammunition change.

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ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES The Bradley crew’s goal is to engage and destroy or

suppress targets as far as possible. The basic engagement procedure used for all engagements is:

• The BC may be required to lay the gun for direction.• The BC will release control to the gunner and issue a fire command.• On acquiring the target, the gunner discriminates the target and selects high magnification.• The BC confirms the target and gives the command of execution, observes the target, and provides corrections to the gunner or searches for other targets.• The gunner completes his switch checks by indexing announced range, selecting the weapon / ammunition (precision gunnery only), arming the system, establishing the correct sight picture, and announces on the way.

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OBSERVATIONS An observation is a oral notation by the BC or gunner of where the round strikes in relation to the target.

• Target

• Lost

• Over

• Short• Doubtful

* Crew Members Responsibilities

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OBSERVATIONS

TARGET LOST OVER

SHORT DOUBTFUL

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TARGET LEAD• Gap Lead

- Used when firing AP ammunition.- 5-mil lead from center mass of the target.

- used when firing HEI-T and 7.62-mm ammunition.- Farthest lead line centered on the target.- 10 mil lead from center mass of the target.

• Far Lead

• Vertical Adjustments- Target moving towards BFV, gunner aims at the center base of visible mass.- Target moving away from BFV, gunner aims at the top center of visible mass.

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GAP LEAD

Gap lead applied to a moving BMP

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GAP LEAD 2

Gap lead applied to a stationary BMP when a Bradley fires over its left flank.

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FAR LEAD

Far lead applied to a moving truck

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FAR LEAD 2

Far lead applied when a target and a Bradley are parallel and moving in opposite directions.

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DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT

HE AP

6

14

24

34

4

8

12

16

20

*Gap Lead applied with the Auxiliary sight.

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DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT

HE AP

6

14

24

34

4

8

12

16

* Far Lead applied with the Auxiliary sight.

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VERTICAL ADJUSTMENTS

3.02.0

1.0

0.5

Target Moving Toward or Away from the Bradley

MOVING TOWARD

MOVING AWAY

CENTER BASE OF VISIBLE MASS

TOP CENTER OF VISIBLE MASS

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DIRECT FIRE ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES• Burst on Target (BOT)

- Fastest method of adjustment - Accuracy is dependent upon ability of gunner to maintain a correct sight picture and make accurate observations.

• Tracer on Target (TOT)

- Similar to BOT, gunner adjusts the strike of the round onto the target area based on the tracers.

• Target Form

- Simplest method• Mil Change

- Simple and accurate at all ranges.• Meter

- Used with AUX sight.

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25MM POINT ENGAGEMENTS

• 25MM Point Target Types- Unarmored / lightly armored vehicles, Bunkers, RPG teams, and Helicopters.

• 25MM Point Engagement Technique- Gunner fires a sensing round ( Two if ammunition has changed ).- Fires 3 to 5 round burst on target.- Continues to fire until target is destroyed and the BC commands cease-fire.

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25MM POINT TARGET ENGAGEMENTS

Burst on Target Against Point Target

A B

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25MM AREA ENGAGEMENTS • 25 MM Area Target Types

- Targets too large for a point engagement.

- Terrain features, man-made objects, deployed soldiers, or a location defined by enemy fire.

• 25 MM Area Engagement Technique

- Crew utilizes a Z-pattern when engaging area target.

* Gunner lays reticle on one edge of the target area and commences firing.

* Reaches opposite edge, fires a burst diagonally across target area.

* Final burst fired across the far depth of the target area.

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25MM AREA TARGET ENGAGEMENTS

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COAX POINT ENGAGEMENT

• Coax Point Target Types

- Jeeps, trucks, RPG teams, and ATGMs.

• Coax Point Engagement Technique

- Gunner makes a precise lay on target and fires a 10 to 15 round burst.

- Gunner conducts TOT.

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COAX POINT TARGET ENGAGEMENT

Point Target Technique

1. INITIAL BURST SHORT 2. TRACER ON TARGET WALKING

3. ONCE ON TARGET, FIRE KILLING BURST (10-15 RDS)UNTIL DESTROYED

THE ROUND TO THE TARGET

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COAX AREA ENGAGEMENT • Coax Area Target Types

- Personnel dispersed over a large area (10 meters).

• Coax Area Engagement Technique- Gunner uses a Z-pattern

* Gunner fires initial burst center mass of the target area.

* Second burst is fired horizontally across the front of the target area.

* Third burst is fired diagonally across the target area.

* Fourth burst is fired horizontally across the rear of the target area.

10 to 15 round burst through entire firing sequence

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COAX AREA TARGET ENGAGEMENT

Area Target Technique 1

2

34

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SPECIAL USE OF MACHINE GUN FIRE

RECONNAISSANCE BY FIRE

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SPECIAL USE FIRE

FIRING THROUGH CONCEALMENT

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SPECIAL USE OF MACHINE GUN FIRE

INCENDIARY FIRE

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TOW ENGAGEMENT • TOW target types

- Tanks

- Lightly armored targets beyond the range of 25mm AP ammo

- Helicopters

• Firing considerations- 10 degree slope

- Proper sight picture

- Obstructions between the firing vehicle and target.

- Moving target in the sight picture long enough for the missile

to reach it.

- Water

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TOW ENGAGEMENTS

TOW sight picture

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TOW ENGAGEMENT 2

Obscured Target

COVERED AREA IS WITHIN SIGHT.

DO NOT ENGAGE.

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AIR DEFENSE RETICLE (ADR)

Choking a paratrooper with the ADR

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AERIAL ENGAGEMENTS 2 FOOTBALL FIELDS FOR HIGH-SPEED AIRCRAFT

200-METER LEAD

FOOTBALL FIELD TECHNIQUE

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Reference Point Technique

REF PT

.REF PT

.4 3

REF PT

2.

AERIAL ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES - (CONT)

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ENGAGEMENT PROBLEM AREAS

• Proper boresight and zero.

• Crew confusion.

• Erratic ammunition.

• Proper range indexed.

• Too little or too much lead applied.

• Proper BOT, observations, and adjustments.

• Thermals adjusted properly.

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ENGAGEMENT TERMINATION

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ELO:

Identify the characteristics that makeup Engagement Termination.

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ENGAGEMENT TERMINATION• Kill Standard - Mobility Kill: Hinders a vehicles ability to move - Firepower Kill: Hinders a vehicles ability to use itsweapon system. - Combined Mobility/Firepower Kill: Hinders both avehicles ability to move and use its weapon systems. - Communication Kill: Hinders a vehicles ability to useits communication equipment. - Catastrophic Kill: Total loss of weapon systems,mobility, and all on board equipment.

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ARMORED VEHICLE KILL STANDARD

• Minimum Kill Standard: Mobility or Firepower Kill • Kill Indicators:

- Vehicle stops moving- Vehicle stops firing- Vehicle is smoking from internal damage- Vehicle explodes- Crew abandons the vehicle

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UNARMORED VEHICLE KILL STANDARDS

• Minimum Kill Standard: Mobility kill or crewabandons vehicle

• Kill Indicators:- Vehicle stops moving- Vehicle is smoking from internal damage- Vehicle explodes- Crew abandons the vehicle

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DISMOUNTED INFANTRY/ANTIARMOR SYSTEM KILL STANDARD

• Minimum Kill Standard: Neutralize antiarmor firepowerthrough destruction, damage, or suppression.

• Kill Indicators:- Dismounted threat stops maneuvering- Dismounted threat’s antiarmor fire ceases or becomes ineffective- Antiarmor systems are hit by 25-mm rounds- Dismounted infantry casualties are observed

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SESSION SUMMARY

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TLO:

Identify the engagement techniques required to effectivelydestroy the enemy using proper engagement techniques as

outlined in FM 23-1 Bradley Gunnery

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ELO:

Identify the characteristics that makeup Engagement Decision.

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ELO:

Identify the characteristics that makeup Engagement Execution.

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ELO:

Identify the characteristics that makeup Engagement Termination.

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CHECK ON LEARNING?

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ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES