28th InternationalCosmic RayConferenceProceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conferenceheld on July 31-August 7, 2003,at Tsukuba, Japan

Under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics(IUPAP)

Contributed Papers

Volume 2

HE Sessions 1.4-1.5

FRONTIERS SCIENCE SERIES NO. 41

Edited by

T. Kajita•Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; the University of TokyoY. AsaokaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of TokyoA. KawachiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of TokyoY. MatsubaraSolar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya UniversityM. SasakiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo

Universal Academy Press, Inc.Tokyo, Japan

Contents . . . . • •

V o l . 2 / 7 ' . . . • • ; •

Preface ' ' 'T. Kajita vii

Contents'':'•:•.'. .' .-. . . .'-.. ."... . .' . i x

HE 1.4 Theory and simulations on UHE cosmic rays

A Fast Hybrid Approach to Air Shower Simulations andApplications

Hans-Joachim Drescher et al ..'.'. . . . . . . . . 507

One-Dimensional Hybrid Simulation of EAS Using CascadeEquations .

Ralph Engel et al ':'. 511Systematic Uncertainties in High-Energy Hadronic InteractionModels _, " ,.

Johannes Knapp, Serguei Ostapchenko, and M. Zha 515

Numerical Results of the Improved Differential and. IntegralCross Sections for Bremsstrahlung and Pair Production withthe LPM Effect - '

Nobusuke Takahashi et al . . - . . . . . . . . . ' . . i 519

LPM Showers in the Atmosphere Taking into Account theGeomagnetic Field

Hristofor Petrov Vankov et al •.'. . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . : . . . . . 523

Ultrahigh Energy Gamma Hay Cascading in' the GeomagneticField and Its Development in the Atmosphere

Time Distributions of Electromagnetic and HadronicComponents in Giant EAS

Fabrice Cohen et al 539

A New Software Package for Computing the Time-DependentAperture of the Auger Surface Detector

Aaron S. Chou 543

Identification of Photons in Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays:„. Piotr Homola et al 547

Contribution of Multiple Scattering of Cherenkov Photons toShower Optical Image

Piotr Homola et al 551

A Top-Down Technique as an Analysis Tool for AugerFluorescence Data

Carlos Kjell Guerard, M. Bohacova, and L. Perrone 555

Analytical Time Structure of Muonic ShowersRicardo Vazquez et al 559

Auger-South Hybrid Sensitivity to Highly InclinedHadron-Induced Air-Showers: Mass Composition at HighEnergy

Carlos Kjell Guerard et al 563

Testing the HiRes Detector Simulation Against UHECR DataAndreas Zech for the HiRes Collaboration 567

Importance of Atmospheric Model in Shower ReconstructionBarbara Wilczynska et al 571

Features of Inclined Air Showers Induced by EHE Gamma RaysNaoya Inoue et al 575

The Electromagnetic Component of Inclined ShowersGonzalo Parente, J. Alvarez-Muniz, and E. Zas 579

Monte-Carlo Simulation of Horizontal Air ShowerMing-Huey Alfred Huang, P. Yeh, and C.C. Hsu 583

Neural Networks as a Statistic Diagnostic Tool for MassComposition at the Highest Energies

Gustavo Medina Tanco, S.J. Sciutto, and A. Tiba 587

Detection of Upward Air Showers with the EUSO ExperimentsYoshiyuki Takahashi for the EUSO Collaboration 591

Monte Carlo Simulation of Neutrino Induced Extended AirShowers

Ofelia Pisanti et al 595

• xi

A Monte Carlo to Produce Fluorescence Photons • ' . . . . . •Henrique Melo Jorge Barbosa, Vitor de Souza, and Carola Dobrigkeit 599

Simulation Studies on Air Fluorescence and Cererikbv Lightsfrom UHE Air Showers for EUSO Experiment ;: •:,•;,-.-";

Naoya Inoue for the EUSO Collaboration.-. . . . . . . . ' . . .• . . . , . - . ; . .• . . . : . . .603Shower Simulation Input for Fluorescence Yield Measurements

Markus Risse and D. Heck ..,....;. ...,.~r./..:X......::,. 607

Analyt ica l Versus M o n t e Carlo Descr ipt ion of Cherenkov •-•*'•' '•'•Contr ibut ion in Air Showers • ' ' ! ' ' ' '

Markus Risse et al .-..;..;.../;..;... •...;.'.....-,. .•:........:....' 611

Simulat ion of Cherenkov Contaminat ion for Cosmic-Kay - "-' "Showers Observed w i t h t h e A u g e r ; F luorescence Telescopes ?,;: >

L o r e n z o P e r r o n e e t a l .'.;.•.:>.•.•:.:.•;•....-.. .•.-:;.-.;.;:.-.:.-."• .".•. .••.-.ji-•.?•'• v o 6 1 5

On t h e Cherenkov Light C o n t r i b u t i o n ' t o t h e Fluorescence o f : 't h e Highes t Energy Air Showers . > '* ; r • - • :

Grzegorz J. Wieczorek et al. : . . . . . . . :•......'.'.:;.:. > 619

Implications of the Angular Spread of Air Shower Particles forthe Fluorescence Technique

• Jaime Alvarez-Muniz et al 623

Shower Fluorescence Light Profile Derived from CORSIKAHenryk Wilczynski et al 627

Study of Shower Optical Image Based on Energy DepositsDerived from CORSIKA

• jHenryk Wilczynski et al 631

Systematic Calculation of the Efficiency of the FluorescenceDetector Using Appropriate EAS Simulations

Emmanuel Fokitis et al 635

Limitations on Space-Based Air Fluorescence DetectorApertures Obtained from IR Cloud Measurements

John F. Krizmanic, Pierre Sokolsky, and Robert Streitmatter 639

The GZK Paradox and Estimation of Energy of the PrimaryCosmic Rays

Leonid G. Dedenko et al , 643

Should One Really Expect a GZK Cutoff?Etienne Parizot, O. Deligny, and A- LetessierTSelvpn . 647

Is the HiRes Energy Spectrum Really Consistent with GZK;Cutoff?'.'.".';...

Dmitry Semikoz and M.A.Tortola 651

xu

The GZK Feature in the Spectrum of UHECRs: What Is ItTelling Us?

Daniel De Marco, Pasquale Blasi, and Angela V. Olinto 655

Small Scale Clustering in Isotropic Arrival Distribution ofUltra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Hiroyuki Yoshiguchi et al 659Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays at 1018 eV from Single GalacticSources

Maria Giller, W. Bednarek, and M. Zielinska 663

Full-Sky Search for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray AnisotropiesJohn David Swain et al 667

Correlations and Charge Composition of UHECR withoutKnowledge of Galactic Magnetic Field

Igor I. Tkachev and P. Tinyakov 671

Mass Composition of the Primary Cosmic Rays in the EnergyRegion 1014 4- 1020 eV in Anomalous Diffusion Model

Akeo Misaki et al 675

Numerical Likelihood Analysis of Cosmic Ray AnisotropiesJohn David Swain et al 679

Fits of the HiRes Spectrum to Astrophysical ModelsDouglas R. Bergman et al 683

Acceleration of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays by Shocks inActive Galactic Nuclei

Yasuko S. Honda 687

New Hadrons as Ultra-High Energy Cosmic RaysDmitry V. Semikoz, M. Kachelriess, and M.A. Tortola 691

Cosmic Rays from the Nucleus of M87Alina C. Donea, R.J. Protheroe, and A. Reimer 695

A Possible Contribution of Companion Galaxies to Intra andExtra-Cluster UHE Cosmic Rays

Catia Grimani 699

High Energy CRs from Young Neutron Star and TheirInteractions with the Ambient Matter

Shigehiro Nagataki 703

Testing Scenarios of Lorentz Symmetry Violation Generated atthe Planck Scale

Luis Gonzalez-Mestres 707

• xm

Internal Structure of Ultra-High Energy Particles with Lorentz"Symmetry Violation at the Planck Scale ' < ...>. - ."

},Luis Gonzalez-Mestres •.... '3711

Using Fractal Dimensional i ty in t h e Search for Anisotropy of -•..'Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Benjamin T. Stokes for the HiRes Collaboration 715

Gamma-Ray Emission as a Tracer of UHECR SourcesPeter Tinyakov et al. 719

Propagation of Ultra-High Energy Nucleus in the IntergalacticPhoton Field

Tokonatsu Yamamoto et al 723

UHECR Anisotropy from Luminous Infrared Galaxies -Predictions for the Pierre Auger Observatory

Andrzej Smialkowski, M. Giller, and W. Michalak 727

The Last Gamma Ray Burst in our Galaxy? On the ObservedCosmic Ray Excess at 1018 eV

Gustavo A. Medina Tanco et al 731

Constrained Simulations of the Magnetic Field in the LocalSupercluster and the Propagation of UHECR

Dario Grasso et al 735

Distortion of UHECR Spectra by Regular Magnetic FieldsTodor S. Stanev, David Seckel, and Ralph Engel 739

Multiple UHECR Events from Galactic Hadron JetsEtienne Parizot 743

Constrains on the Galactic Magnetic Field from theTwo-Dimensional Correlation Function of AGASA Events

Gustavo A. Medina Tanco, M. Teshima, and M. Takeda 747

HE 1.5 Instrumentation and new projects

Analysis of Emulsion Chambers in Tibet Hybrid ExperimentUsing the Image Scanner

Makio Shibata for the Tibet ASgamma Collaboration 753

Analog Read-Out of the RPCs in the ARGO-YBJ ExperimentMichele Iacovacci for the ARGO-YBJ Collaboration '.. 757

The Detector Control System for the ARGO-YBJ ExperimentPaolo Camarri for the ARGO-YBJ Collaboration 761

xiv

ARGO-YBJ Computing Model. Data Analysis andHardware/Software Architecture of the Processing Farm

Paola Celio for the ARGO-YBJ Collaboration 765

The Trigger System of the ARGO-YBJ DetectorAntonio Surdo for the ARGO-YBJ Collaboration 769

The Online System of the ARGO ExperimentHuihai He for the ARGO Collaboration 773

Development of Resistive Plate Counter for the ExtendedMini-Array Experiment at Gauhati University

Subhash Chandra Rajbongshi et al 777Shower Reconstruction Performance of KASCADE-Grande

Gernot Maier for the KASCADE-Grande Collaboration 781

Wide Area Small Air Shower Detection System Linked byInternet

Yoshiki Teramoto et al ; 785

Multiplicity Spectrum of NM64 Neutron Supermonitor andHadron Energy Spectrum at Mountain Level

Alexander P. Chubenko et al 789

The Wide Range Front-End Electronics for Readout AmplitudeDate of the Ionization Calorimeter

Turlan Khamzinovich Sadykov et al 793

Delayed Scintillator Pulses Observed with an EAS ArrayHarri K. Arvela and A.-M. Elo 797

Depth Distribution of the Maxima of Extensive Air ShowerJames H. Adams, Jr. for the EUSO Collaboration 801

The Surface Detector Trigger for the Auger ObservatoryZbigniew Szadkowski for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 805

A Proposal of a Single Chip Surface Detector Trigger Based onAltera Cyclone™ Family

Zbigniew Szadkowski 809

Calibration and Monitoring of the Pierre Auger SurfaceDetectors

Xavier Bertou for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 813

Study of Long Term Stability of the Pierre-Auger SurfaceDetector Using Muon Events

Tohru Ohnuki et al 817

-xv

Product ion Test Sys tem and Results on Large P M T s for :. • .Pierre-Auger Surface Detectors - -.i••'•

Katsushi Arisaka et al .£,..--821

The Pierre Auger Surface Detector Led Flashers and Their Use •:for Monitoring and Calibration ; .-.\

Tiina Suomijarvi for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 825

Photon Yields from Dry Air Excited by ElectronsKeizo Kobayakawa et al 829

Measurements of Diffuse Night Sky Background!.'. Osvaldo Catalano et al 833AIRFLY: Air Fluorescence Induced by Electrons in a WideEnergy Range

"Paolo Privitera et al 837

New Photon Yields Measurement in Air and Its Effect on theEnergy Estimation of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays: • Naoto Sakaki et al 841

An Experiment to Measure the Air Fluorescence Yield inElectromagnetic Showers

Petra H. Huentemeyer for the FLASH Collaboration 845

Measurements of the UV Nocturnal Atmospheric Backgroundin the 300-400 nm Wavelength Band with the Experiment BaByduring a Transmediterranean Balloon Flight

Andrea Santangelo et al. ..- 849Study of the Fluorescence Yield for Electrons between0.5 - 2.2. MeV

Ernesto Kemp et al .,.....':......:. 853

Study on Wavelength Shifters and Multilayer Half-Mirror forHigh-QE PMT

: Masahiro Takeda for the EUSO Collaboration 857

"Mobile ACE" - New Approach to Reduce Systematic Errorsin the Absolute Energy by Fluorescence Detectors

iKatsushi Arisaka 861

Checking the Pointing Accuracy of Air Fluorescence Detectorswith Star Light

Stefan Westerhoff for the HiRes Collaboration ,865

Evaluation of Flat MicroChannel Plate Photomultipliers for Use :in a Portable Air Fluorescence Detector

S. BenZvi and J. Martin 869

xvi

APF Light Sources for the Auger Southern ObservatoryJohn A.J. Matthews for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 873

Atmospheric Monitoring for the Telescope Array ExperimentMichiyuki Chikawa et al 877

Atmospheric Effects on the Development and the FluorescenceDetection of Extensive Air Showers

Markus Risse et al 879

The Influence of the Global Atmospheric Properties on theDetection of UHECR by EUSO on Board of the ISS

Didier Lebrun for the EUSO Collaboration 883

Environmental Testing of the Front-End Electronics for theAuger Observatory Surface Detector

James Dominic Chye for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 887

Statistical Calibration and Background Measurements of theAuger Fluorescence Detector

Hartmut E.H. Gemmeke, M. Kleifges, and A. Menshikov 891

The Slow Control System of the Auger Fluorescence DetectorsHartmut E.H. Gemmeke et al 895

A Novel Approach in Detecting the UHECR Using EASTelescopes Notch Optical Filters Combining OptimumSensitivity for Cherenkov and Fluorescence Contributions

Emmanuel D. Fokitis et al 899

Tracking Stars with the Fluorescence Detector of the PierreAuger Observatory

Daniel V. Camin et al 903

Portable, Single-Mirror, Air Fluorescence DetectorRobertsen A. Riehle et al 907

The Absolute Calibration of the HiRes DetectorsJohn N. Matthews for the HiRes Collaboration 911

A New Technique Producing Double-Sided Spherical FresnelLens Segments Assembled to Large Aperture Lenses

Hitoshi Ohmori for the EUSO Collaboration 915

A Ground-Based UV Light Source for the EUSO MissionJames H. Adams, Jr 919

The Focal Surface of EUSO TelescopeHirohiko M. Shimizu for the EUSO Collaboration. : 923

, xvii

The Light of the Night Sky in EUSO: Duty Cycle andBackground . " , • .

Didier Lebrun et al :..........'.•. •;'.. 927

Development of Multi-Anode Photomultipliers for the EUSO : <Focal Surface Detector

Naoto Sakaki for the EUSO Collaboration .-,.. ,931

Wide-Angle Optical Telescope for the EUSO ExperimentsLloyd W. Hillman for the EUSO Collaboration .935

The Housing of the EUSO Photo-Detector SensorsMarco Pallavicini for the EUSO Collaboration 939

Simulation and Data Analysis for EUSOGiacomo D'Ali Staiti for the EUSO Collaboration 943

A PCI Based Data Acquisition System for Ground ArrayDetectors with Wireless Synchronization through GPS

Mario Pimenta et al 947

The Euso ElectronicsMarco Pallavicini et al 951

EUSO Analog Front End ElectronicsDy-Holm Koang for the EUSO Collaboration 955

EUSO Analog Front End Electronics and Calibrations- Dy-Holm Koang for the EUSO Collaboration 959

ASHRA Trigger and Readout Pixel Sensors1 Makoto Sasaki et al 961

Simulation of Ice Cherenkov Detectors for IceTopTodor S. Stanev for the IceCube Collaboration 965

LOPES — Detecting Radio Emission from Cosmic Ray AirShowers

Andreas Horneffer et al 969

Complex EAS Array for Super-High Energy Cosmic RayResearch

German V. Kulikov et al 973

Perspectives of the ATHLET Installation at the Tien ShanRauf A. Mukhamedsh in et al. : . . . . » . ' ; . . . . ,:

The KASCADE-Grande ExperimentAndreas Haungs for the KASCADE-Grande Collaboration 985

KASCADE-Grande: The Grande ArrayAndrea Chiavassa for the KASCADE-Grande Collaboration 989

A Proportional Wire Chamber Array: GRAND's StatusChristopher P. D'Andrea et al 993

Underground Multimuon Experiment in Pyhasalmi MineTimo T. Enqvist et al 997

SEASA: The Stockholm Educational Air Shower ArrayMark Pearce et al 1001

The Status and Future Prospect of the LAAS ProjectIsao Yamamoto for the.LAAS Group 1005

Prototype of a Space Fluorescence Detector at Cerro La NegraMountain Site

Humberto A. Salazar et al 1009

Hybrid Cosmic Ray Detector at Pico de OrizabaOscar M. Martinez et al 1013

Performance of the Extensive Air Shower Array atthe University of Puebla

Humberto A. Salazar et al. 1017

SCROD: School Cosmic Ray Outreach DetectorJohn David Swain et al 1021

The Telescope Array Experiment: An Overview and PhysicsAims

Masaki Fukushima et al 1025

The Telescope Array Experiment: Hybrid Measurement ofUltra High Energy Cosmic Rays in Northern Hemisphere

Fumio Kakimoto et al 1029

The Telescope Array Experiment: The Search for the Clustersin the Northern Hemisphere Sky with a Large Scintillator Array

Saburo Kawakami et al. 1033

The Surface Detectors of the Pierre Auger ObservatoryPeter O. Mazur for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 1037

Simulation of Pierre Auger Surface Detector Response to;Muons ,: I \ : ' , : • • .

K a t s u s h i A r i s a k a e t a l ......:. .'.•.',.' 1 0 4 1The Auger Observatory Roving LIDAR System,,

Michael D. Roberts, P. Sommers, and B. Fick ..-•..;.,;.:...-..-.r. •' 1045

G R a N D S c a n - A n Experiment to Study Cosmic (Ray; Flux andAnisotropy around and below EeV • . ' ; . .-,. •

, Stefan Westerhoff et al .'•. :T. /. •.-:•:. • 1049

The ETscope Ground Array for the ULTRA Experiment ,-,- .•• ' Piero Vallania for the EUSO Collaboration . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . - . . • , . . 1053

CHICOS Detector Stations / " '. • Robert D. McKeown et al ; . . , . . . . . . . . / . . . ,-.,.). ''1057

The ASHRA DetectorYoichi Asaoka et al 1061

The Washington Large Area Time Coincidence ArrayRichard Gran et al , 1065

EUSO (the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) — ScientificObjectives —

Masahiro Teshima for the EUSO Collaboration 1069

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) Mission inthe Context of ESA

Jean Clavel et al 1073

AGASA Results and EUSOMotohiko Nagano for the EUSO Collaboration 1077

The EUSO Instrument Onboard the International Space StationOsvaldo Catalano on behalf of the EUSO Collaboration 1081

EUSO Operations: Flight and GroundMaria Catarina Espirito Santo for the EUSO Collaboration 1085

The EUSO Science Operations and Data CentreMaria Catarina Espirito Santo for the EUSO Collaboration 1089

EUSO in the Context of ESA Human Spaceflight DirectorateAndrea Santangelo et al 1093

The ULTRA Experiment: A Supporting Activity for the EusoProject

Piero Vallania et al 1097

The Scientific Baseline to Have an Atmosphere SoundingSystem Coupled to the EUSO Detector' Giacomo D'Ali Staiti for the EUSO Collaboration 1101

TUS/KLYPVE Space Telescopes - Simulation of PerformanceDmitry Vadimovich Naumov et al 1105

Tracking Mirror for Measurement of Extreme Energy CosmicRays from Space

H. Park, G.K. Garipov, and B.A. Krenov 1109Downward Neutrino Induced EAS with EUSO Detector

Sergio Bottai for the EUSO Collaboration 1113

IceTop: The Surface Component of IceCubeThomas K. Gaisser for the IceCube Collaboration 1117

"Contents" and "Presenter Index" have been editedaccording to the information which authors them-selves have written as the paper submittal informa-tion.