28 January 2016EQ –What do I know about Greece?

• Bellringer – Go over Study Guide• Group challenge – Kahoot

• HW – Study for tomorrow’s test.• Study guide, note packet, 8.2 questions

Chapter 8 Study Guide Key7th Grade World History

Vocabulary

• Aristocrat: Rich landowners in Greece• Dark Age: Nothing was developed; disaster and raids; warfare and

disorder; nothing got done during this time. No history• Tyrant: A leader who held power through the use of force.• Polis: The Greek word for a city-state• Classical Age an age marked by great achievements; architecture,

inventions, basically everything is stable (government) so people can work on improving society

• Citizens: People who had the right to participate in government

Democracy

• Type of government in which people rule themselves.• Cleisthenes created the first democracy• Government is based on the votes of its free

citizens• People were encouraged to speak• “Rule by Many”

Oligarchy

• A government in which only a few people have power• Rich land owners or aristocrats took

power• Common people had little say• “Rule by Few”

Tyranny:

•When a leader gains power (and holds it) through the use of force• Ancient Tyrants were normally good

rulers• Tyrants were able to stay in power

because they had strong armies and people supported them.

Cleisthenes

• Father of Democracy•Developed and created the first

democracy.•DID NOT want aristocrats to run the

government.

Pericles

•A leader in Athens during the time of democracy. •Wanted people to participate in the

government – and created paying jobs for this (pay for jury duty and some elected officials)•Believed that Athens’ government

was superior to other city-states’.

Draco

•An aristocrat who created very harsh laws after the common Athenians attempted to overthrow the oligarchy (small crimes were punishable by death)

Solon

• An aristocrat – power in 590s BCE • Reduces the strict laws of Draco to

appease the common people of Athens. • Under his laws, all free men become

citizens. This to help give some power to the common people of Athens.

Peisistratus• The first tyrant of Athens.• Came riding into Athens with “Athena” in 546 BCE. • He was an aristocrat – and the woman probably just a very tall

lady from a near-by city-state. Claims to be under her protection – and becomes first tyrant.

• He gives loans to farmers/reduces taxes and under him the economy of Athens flourishes. He brings peace and prosperity.

• However, when he dies his son Hippias takes over. He follows in his father’s footsteps until his brother is murdered. He then takes out his revenge on everyone – seeing what we consider a tyrant today – very harsh rule. He is eventually overthrown by the aristocrats.

Give and explain positives of Greek’s geography (landforms, climate, etc.) and negatives. (min. 3 each)

• Mountains – Positive & Negative• Unpredictable rain fall – Negative• No major river – Negative• Mild Temperatures - Positive• Many peninsulas & Islands – Positive &

Negative

Minoans• Lived on the Island of Crete• They were excellent ship builders. Lived on the sea basically

big in trading; • Destroyed by a volcano and tsunami wave that destroyed the

civilization. • Weren’t considered Greek because they didn’t speak it.

Mycenaean

• Considered the first Greeks • Attacked others and built fortresses around

Greece.• They took over Crete when Minoans

declined.•Mycenaean society began to fall apart in the

1200’s BC when invaders from Europe swept Greece. Earthquakes also destroyed many cities and Greece slid into the Dark Age.

How was the Athenian government ruled prior to democracy? There are three ways – please explain each with as much detail as possible noting key figures when appropriate. Monarchy should be mentioned as the very first. Oligarchy & Tyranny should be fully explained here. Key figures such as Draco, Pericles, Cleisthenes, Solon & Peisistratus should be discussed.

How was the form of democracy in ancient Greece different from our current democratic government?

• Representative vs. Direct• People able to vote – women – foreigners – military service• Way in which leaders were elected – vote vs. lottery• Levels of government – 1 vs. 3 (due to size)