2.8 Cell respiration: Cell respiration supplies energy for the functions of life. Nature of science:...
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2.8 Cell respiration: Cell respiration supplies energy for the functions of life. Nature of science: Assessing the ethics of scientific research—the use
2.8 Cell respiration: Cell respiration supplies energy for the
functions of life. Nature of science: Assessing the ethics of
scientific researchthe use of invertebrates in respirometer
experiments has ethical implications. Understandings: Cell
respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic
compounds to produce ATP. ATP from cell respiration is immediately
available as a source of energy in the cell. Anaerobic cell
respiration gives a small yield of ATP from glucose. Aerobic cell
respiration requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP from
glucose. Details of the metabolic pathways of cell respiration are
not needed but the substrates and final waste products should be
known. Applications and skills: Application: Use of anaerobic cell
respiration in yeasts to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in
baking. Application: Lactate production in humans when anaerobic
respiration is used to maximize the power of muscle contractions.
Skill: Analysis of results from experiments involving measurement
of respiration rates in germinating seeds or invertebrates using a
respirometer. Students are expected to know that an alkali is used
to absorb CO 2, so reductions in volume are due to oxygen use.
Temperature should be kept constant to avoid volume changes due to
temperature fluctuations. The ethics of the use of animals in
experiments could be discussed in relation to respirometer
experiments. Topic 2: Molecular biology (21 hours)
Slide 2
2.9 Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis uses the energy in sunlight
to produce the chemical energy needed for life. Nature of science:
Experimental designcontrolling relevant variables in photosynthesis
experiments is essential. Understandings: Photosynthesis is the
production of carbon compounds in cells using light energy. Visible
light has a range of wavelengths with violet the shortest
wavelength and red the longest. Visible light has wavelengths
between 400 and 700 nanometres, but they are not expected to recall
the wavelengths of specific colours of light. Chlorophyll absorbs
red and blue light most effectively and reflects green light more
than other colours. Oxygen is produced in photosynthesis from the
photolysis of water. Energy is needed to produce carbohydrates and
other carbon compounds from carbon dioxide. Temperature, light
intensity and carbon dioxide concentration are possible limiting
factors on the rate of photosynthesis. Applications and skills:
Application: Changes to the Earths atmosphere, oceans and rock
deposition due to photosynthesis. Skill: Drawing an absorption
spectrum for chlorophyll and an action spectrum for photosynthesis.
Skill: Design of experiments to investigate the effect of limiting
factors on photosynthesis. PRACTICAL: Separation of photosynthetic
pigments by chromatograph. Paper chromatography can be used to
separate photosynthetic pigments but thin layer chromatography
gives better results. Topic 2: Molecular biology (21 hours)
Slide 3
Biology Journal 12/11/2013 What is the chemical equation for
photosynthesis? 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What happens to
CO 2 in photosynthesis? What happens to H 2 O in photosynthesis? CO
2 stays mostly intact. Hydrogen atoms are fixed to CO 2, making
glucose. H 2 O is split, using the energy from sunlight. This is
called photolysis. The H + ions are fixed to CO 2, and the O from
water is given off as oxygen gas.
Slide 4
What do these 3 have in common? Biology Journal 10/27/2014
Slide 5
Biology Journal 12/10/2013 The name of the pigment that plants
use for photosynthesis is ______. The sunlight that plants are
exposed to contains _____ of the colors of light. Chlorophyll
absorbs ______ and ______ light, while it reflects ______ light,
which is why plants appear to be green to us.
Slide 6
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Whiteboard Review!
Slide 7
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? What is the
chemical formula for cellular respiration? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO
2 + 6H 2 O 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
Slide 8
What gasses make up air? Name at least 3
Slide 9
Nitrogen (N 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Argon (Ar) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )
Neon (Ne) Helium (He) Methane (aka natural gas, CH 4 ) Water Vapor
(H 2 O) The gasses that make up air (in decreasing order) :
Slide 10
Aerobic Respiration Both Anaerobic Respiration Complete the
below Venn diagram!
Slide 11
Aerobic Respiration Both Anaerobic Respiration Requires O 2
Metabolic reactions that generate energy for the cell Happens when
O 2 runs out Happens in the mitochondria Initial steps are
gycolysis (splitting glucose into pyruvate), which happens in
cytoplasm Happens in the cytoplasm Products are CO 2 and H 2 O
Reactant is pyruvate (C 3 H 4 O 3 ) Products are either: 1. ethanol
and CO 2 (yeast) 2. lactic acid (humans) High yield of ATPLow yield
of ATP
Slide 12
6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants in
photosynthesis. 1.What happens to the carbon atoms from CO 2 ?
2.What happens to the oxygen atoms from CO 2 ? 3.What happens to
the hydrogen atoms from H 2 O? 4.What happens to the oxygen atoms
from H 2 O? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 How do you think you could measure
how much photosynthesis a plant is doing? Measure O 2 produced, CO
2 consumed, or biomass of the plant!
Slide 13
Where does the energy to build the food molecules in
photosynthesis come from? The Sun Apollo, god of the sun and Greek
restaurants
Slide 14
What is photolysis? When does this happen? Photoylsis is the
breaking of H 2 O during photosynthesis. The Os in water are given
off as oxygen, and the Hs are fixed to CO 2, to make glucose.
Slide 15
Sketch a graph of how light intensity effects the rate of
photosynthesis.
Slide 16
What kind of organism does fermentation? What are the products
of this? Fermentation is done by yeast. It starts with pyruvate,
and creates CO 2 (bubbles) and ethanol (aka alcohol)
Slide 17
Sketch a graph of how temperature effects photosynthetic
rate.
Slide 18
The diffusion of gasses (such as O 2 and CO 2 ) between the air
in the lungs and the blood. The controlled release of energy from
organic molecules in cells to form ATP. How the muscles (diaphragm
and intercostals [ribs]) move to push air into and out of the
lungs. Gas Exchange Cellular Respiration Ventilation These are the
definitions for what 3 words?
Slide 19
ATP BothADP Complete the below Venn diagram!
Slide 20
ATP BothADP Adenosine triphosphate Contain adenosine, and
phosphates (2 or 3) Adenosine diphosphate High in energy Part of
the energy- storage system of cells. All cells use ATP/ADP as
energy source. Low energy Cells have lots of these laying around,
ready to be used The last phosphate bond is high in energy, and can
easily be formed or broken Complete the below Venn diagram!
Slide 21
What is the difference between chlorophyll and a chloroplast?
Chloroplast is the part of a plant cell where the chemical reaction
of photosynthesis happens. Chlorophyll is the green- colored
pigment that absorbs specific colors of light, to power
photosynthesis.
Slide 22
What color(s) of light do chlorophylls use?
Slide 23
Chlorophylls uses all the colors of the rainbow except green!
Chlorophylls reflect green light, so green is not used. Mostly blue
and orange light are used for photosynthesis.
Slide 24
Which pigment has optimal absorption only at 400 to 500
nanometers? Carotenoids! Fun fact: the name comes from carrots,
because the pigment is orange in color. Theres also lots of them in
apricots.
Slide 25
Photosynthesis (mostly) cant happen in the winter. Why not? CO
2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Water is frozen, and thus inaccessible
The sunlight is dim, and days are short
Slide 26
Explain this science joke. Oxygen does literally grow on trees.
Through photosynthesis, plants make O 2, which keeps us alive. Wed
better be nice to the environment!
Slide 27
Which of these statements are true: Write out the numbers 1
through 6. Then, write true or false for each one. 1. Plants do
photosynthesis. 2. Plants do cellular respiration. 3. Plants create
O 2. 4. Plants remove CO 2 from the air. 5. Plants cause global
warming. 6.Plants get the energy for photosynthesis from
water.
Slide 28
Which of these statements are true: 1. Plants do
photosynthesis. True! 2. Plants do cellular respiration. True! 3.
Plants create O 2. True! 4. Plants remove CO 2 from the air. True!
5. Plants cause global warming. False! 6.Plants get the energy for
photosynthesis from water. False!
Slide 29
What reaction does this diagram outline? Fill it in!
Slide 30
Slide 31
What do these 2 have in common? A coal power plant
Weightlifting
Slide 32
Create CO 2 Create H 2 O Consume O 2 Burn calories Consume /
release energy Break down organic (carbon-based) molecules to get
energy The energy for these molecules at one point came from the
sun (either food or fossil fuels) Both of these