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8/6/2019 2544374 Putins Choice
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Zbigniew Brzezinski
Putins Choice
2008 by The Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Massachusetts Insti-tute of TechnologyThe Washington Quarterly
THEWASHINGTON QUARTERLY SPRING 2008 95
Dressed all in black, including a black turtleneck sweatera colorscheme once favored by Benito Mussolinithe former KGB lieutenant colo-
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lZbigniew Brzezinski
THE WASHINGTON QUARTERLY SPRING 200896
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cial collaboration of a former German chancellor, and before whom a former
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Putins Motivations
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ing the inner motivations of a man who in the course of eight years admit-
Many Russians have been mesmerized, as have foreign visitors and eager
would-be foreign investors, by the new glitter of Moscow and the restored
and the disconcerting identification of the Yeltsin years with anarchy and
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resent, and what attitude it should entertain
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clues, in addition to weighing the tangible
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two extraordinarily bloody and devastating world wars as well as the ravages of
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The remarkable assertion also suggests there may have been more substance
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Putin largely exploitedthe financial windfall
of international
energy demand.
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lZbigniew Brzezinski
THE WASHINGTON QUARTERLY SPRING 200898
lar organization, the so-called siloviki
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interviews addressing his family background, he
notwithstanding the factit sounded somewhat
as if because of the factthat he had served in
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2
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domination in the Kremlin of the siloviki, and it channeled Russian nationalism
3 Gorbachev went
Putins rhetoricdoes not reflect any
comprehensive view
of what Russia ought
to become.
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boyars
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4
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that, although neither embracing Stalinist totalitarianism nor reviving Soviet
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ening the state and maximizing its wealth while demonizing its domestic or for-
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Eventually, individual,local, and regional
resentments are
likely to accumulate.
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The State: Repressive Authoritarianism Instead of Progressive
Institutionalization of an Increasingly Democratic Constitutional State
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ing of nongovernmental democratic organizations on the grounds that they
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lZbigniew Brzezinski
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Table 1. Politically Significant Killings
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JOURNALISTS
Name Position Date Killed Method
Eduard Markevich
shot
March 8, 2002 beaten
Tolyatinskoye
Oborzreniyetelevision station
director
shot
Yuri
Shchekochikhin
thallium
Alexei Sidorov successor
stabbed
editor ofForbes Russianedition
shot
Yevgeny
Gerasimenko
tortured and
suffocatedAnna
shot
BUSINESSMEN
Name Position Date Killed Method
chairman,Akademkhimbank
chief executive,Uralmash
shot
Shcherbakov
chairman, Alfavit
Igor Klimov acting general director,
defense contractor
Almaz-Antei
shot
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Sergei Shchitko commercial director,
shot
Aleksandr
Slesarev
former owner of two
Russian banks
shot
Andrei Kozlov Central Bank of the
shot
Enver Ziganshin chief engineer, Rusia
shot
management
TASS news agency
stabbed
Zelimkhan
Magomedov
shot
Alexander
Samoylenko
general director of
December 4,
POLITICIANS
Name Position Date Killed Method
governor, Magadan
2002
shot
Sergei Yushenkov liberal member of the
Duma
shot
March 2, 2004 shot
Aleksandr
Semyonov
city council member,
Irbit
shot
mayoral candidate,Dalnegorsk
shot
POLITICAL OPPONENTS ABROAD
Name Position Date Killed Method
Zelimkhan
Yandarbiyev
Ichkeria
2004
assassination
bomb
Alexander
former security agent
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collective elite insecurity seems to have been instrumental in unleashing the
intensifying assault on the remnants of the constitutional legacy of the Yeltsin
late 2004 generated reactions in the Kremlin
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heavals and as a foretaste of similar, foreign-in-
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arguments ignore the striking fact that Ukraine next door, a country long
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managed to overcome its internal difficulties without a turn toward a nation-
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The turntoward political
authoritarianism in
Russia was a choice,
not a necessity.
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individual, local, and regional resentments are likely to accumulate, creating a
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liberal democracy, but it was moving, even if occasionally stumbling, in that
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solidating the beginnings of democracy in the realms of civil rights, freedom of
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The Economy: Centralized Corporate Statism Instead of an IncreasinglyTransparent and Law-Based Mixed Economy
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assets resulted in the legally dubious but enormous enrichment of the very
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and the new oligarchs was almost literally oiled by
5 As the recovery of the coun-
The most visible effects of the recovery are strikingly evident in Moscow
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remained static over the last few years, while
the owners without legally being so, while
the often-hidden legal owners share the
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and toward financially rewarding the short term to the detriment of the lon-
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the economic diversity of the territorially vast Russia was meant to enhance
Russias future social
well-being andinternational economic
competitiveness are not
promising.
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crisis while reducing the likelihood that greater regional autonomy could fos-
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country has only one transcontinental railroad and no modern transcontinental
Even worse, China in the last decade has constructed a network of more than
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innovative technologies than does China and
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Contemporary Russiano longer exercises
any worldwide
ideological appeal.
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THE WASHINGTON QUARTERLY SPRING 2008110
Table 2. Russias Mixed Standing in the Global Hierarchy
Category Russian Ranking/Standing U.S. Ranking
Gross Domestic
2nd
Switzerland
Investment, inflows
Brazil
Global
Business
Kazakhstan
ranked from least to
20th
Index, based on living
standards, health, and
education
followed by Albania
Enrollment in Tertiary
Education
Slovenia
Economist-
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The World: Nostalgic Preoccupation with Superpower Status Instead of
Aiming to Become an Influential Partner of the Advanced Democratic World
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dent but his global challenger and that the end of Russian subservience to the
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to engage in mutual self-destruction with the United States but with limited
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13 Territorial intoxication overlooks the basic fact that
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Russian resentment that it no longer domi-
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In the fast growing far eastern and southeastern Asian mainland, not only
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Iran, to the south of Russia, although unstable and volatile, will almost
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Nostalgia for theimperial past is
incompatible with
modern-day realitiesand counterproductive.
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China, India, Iran, and Turkey from enlarging their direct access to the newly
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cultural heritage by becoming an increasingly democratic constitutional state
also make it easier for Russia and the United States to collaborate more closely
in reducing the size of their nuclear arsenals and in more effectively forestall-
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18
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20 In
21 Indeed, not offering one was
Ukraines gravitationtoward the West is
likely to pave the road
westward for Russia.
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Notes
Rossiyskaya gazeta, De-
New York Times
Moskovskiye Novosti
Moscow Times-Die Welt Kommersant, SilovikiEurasia Daily Monitor,
Economist
KommersantNovaya gazetaStrategic
Asia 200708: Political Change and Grand Strategy
-Gazeta
Mos-cow Times
Vremya novosti
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Kommersant
OECD Economic Outlook,
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Carnegie Policy Brief
Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left RussiaOut in the Cold
.
-Wall Street Journal
Voenno-promyshlennyi kurier,
Novaia gazeta
Vremya novosti -
- Eurasia Daily Monitor
Nezavisimaya gazeta Russia: Lost in Transition- Foreign Affairs