Q: How much has pneumatic pipe bursting grown over the last few years?

A: Many advances have been made in pneumatic pipebursting over the years allowing it to be successfullyused with many different types of pipe, in an almostendless number of situations. In North Americaalone, over one and a half million feet of pipe wasreplaced in 2003 using this highly effective method.

Q: Does static bursting offer advantages over other types of bursting?

A: Static pipe bursting is unique because it providescontractors the means to burst and replace ductileiron and steel pipe, a limitation of pneumatic bursting. Recent advancements in cutting headtechnology have made this possible. This is exciting news for gas and water utilities with milesand miles of these pipes that need to be upgradedand replaced.

Q: How much bursting work has been done with mechanical HDD type bursting units?

A: Since their introduction in 1989, these types of HDD related bursting tools have met limited success, mostly due to difficulty in maintaining lineand grade during bursting operations. There arespecial situations however where these tools can be effectively used to replace short sections of failing pipe in difficult working conditions.

Q: What types of bursting equipment does TT Technologies offer?

A: TT Technologies offers all three major types of pipebursting equipment, including parts, accessoriesand unmatched technical experience and expertise.In addition, TT Technologies offers complete lines ofpipe ramming, piercing tool and directional drillingequipment. Each piece of equipment is backed byover 40 years of trenchless experience.

Questions & Answersa b o u t p i p e b u r s t i n g

a l o o k b e n e a t h t h e s u r f a c e

TT Technologies,Inc.®

Know the FactsFor over 25 years, contractors around the world have been successfully completing project after project withtrenchless bursting equipment. During that time literally millions of feet of failing sewer, water, gas and otherpipelines have been replaced with static and pneumatic equipment. Compare the methods, then see the difference that quality tools, exceptional service and unmatched experience make on your next job. TT Technologies, the leader in trenchless pipe bursting.

1980: Straight Barrel Tools are designed andused by TT Technologies to revolutionize pipereplacement through pipe bursting.

1985: Demand for pipe bursting rises, and contractors experiment with tool sizes & expanderconfigurations.

1988: Straight barrel tool limitations spark the design of rear flair tools to be used with rear expanders.

1993: Rear flair tools become the pipe bursting standard.

1995: The Guide Head is developed to add more flexibility.

2000: Pneumatic Hammer assist: rammerassists during bursting large diameter.

2000: Wide spread acceptance of water main bursting.

2001: Small and medium diameter ductile ironand steel bursting successful.

2002: Compact pipe bursting service laterals.

2003: Large diameter steel and ductile iron bursting takes place.

25 YEARSo f Pipe Bursting PROOF

If a tool finds a collapsed section of host pipe, a front expander can lead the tool offtrack and could snap the winch line. GRUNDOCRACK tools with rear expanders aremuch more likely to stay inside of the host pipe.

When a front expander encounters sediment in host pipe it can lift the tool off course.GRUNDOCRACK tools equipped with a rear expander are a lot less affected by sediment since the majority of the tool is already inside the host pipe. The tool can thenact as a guide to assist in maintaining accuracy and grade, while the bursting is left tothe rear expander. It is recommended to clean old lines before all bursts.

Often, tools are unable to navigate bends with a large front expander. SmallerGRUNDOCRACK tools with rear expanders are able to better navigate gentle bends inhost pipe. A guide head is also effective when used with rear expanders.

Sometimes a point repair clamp causes stoppage of a burst because the front expanderis too large to gradually spring the clamp open. A rear expander allows the use of alarger, more powerful GRUNDOCRACK tool that can still fit within the host pipe to provide the gradual splitting action required to conquer point repairs

In a successful job, old pipe must be compacted outward as it is being burst. However,certain types of soils and host pipe materials, or upsizes of more than one pipe size,may cause a front expander to "push" pipe well ahead of the pneumatic tool, rather thanburst from the inside out. In severe cases, pipe pushing may cause blockage and possibly stalling of the tool. A GRUNDOCRACK tool equipped with a rear expanderand a guide head works well to keep the burst working from the inside out, compactingpipe fragments outward.

TT TECH TIPS: a v o i d t o o l /e x p a n d e r m i s m a t c h

A Brief History of Pipe Bursting Tool Design

Copyright© 2003, TT Technologies, Inc. 09.01.03 Rev 2.1GRUNDOCRACK is protected by Advantica patents

GRUNDOBURST and GRUNDOCRACK are registered trademarks of TT Technologies, Inc.

Specifications subject to change at any time.

® TT Technologies,Inc.2020 E New York Street • Aurora, IL 60504 • 1-800-533-2078 • 1-630-851-8200 • FAX 1-630-851-8299

www.tttechnologies.com • E-mail info@tttechnologies.com

METHOD USAGE COMPARISONUsage determined from

25 years of field experience.

STATICPipe Bursting

PNEUMATICPipe Bursting

HDD MechanicalPipe Bursting

PIPE BURSTING METHODS:

FRONT EXPANDER ADVANTAGESThis tool is now used for reverse/removal if retrieval pit is not possible.

TT Technologies method tested and proven since 1980. (See history)

FRONT EXPANDER DISADVANTAGESRear removal method limits tool diameter and Bentonite usage.• No Bentonite limits the length of bursting runs.• Smaller tool size offers less power and limits burst length

or use in hard soils.

Blunt expander configuration limits tool effectiveness and burst success.• Upsizing more than one size risks host pipe fragments falling

and blocking expander.• Not suited for water lines with bolted clamps or point repairs.

Single use tool—pipe bursting with front expander configuration only.

REAR EXPANDER ADVANTAGES75% of the tool is inside the host pipe ahead of the fracture zonewhere bursting and upsizing are taking place.• Pipe fragments prevented from falling in front of pipe

bursting tool.• Winch cable protected from being cut or damaged by

pipe fragments.

Tool functions as a lead to place the new pipe concentrically around the position of the host pipe.• Helps to maintain line and grade.• Keeps tool from jumping out of host pipe.• Better leverage to handle point repairs or misaligned joints.

Proven method.

Tool/expander configuration allows the use of larger, more powerful tools.• Longer bursts possible when used with rear expander—

proven up to 1,000+ feet.• Hard soils are more easily compressed—even with smaller

diameter pipe.

Allows for the use of various guide heads. The tool can be bettermatched to the type of host pipe.

Tool can be used for pipe ramming or pipe bursting, with front or rear expander, depending on job conditions.

Easily allows the use of Bentonite lubricant.

Tool/expander/guide head configuration allows larger diameter tools to be used in smaller diameter pipes when more power is needed for hard soils.

Proven method.

Straight Barrel Tool + FRONT EXPANDERConfigured for rear tool removal from PE pipes

• Extremely difficult to maintain line and grade

• Limited in the types of burstable pipes (i.e. steel and reinforced concrete pipe)• Burstable pipe diameters limited• Diameter upsize potential limited• Point repairs, joints & clamps will stop drill bursting• Invert line-up in manholes difficult • Manhole repairs from HDD entry create confined space issues• Requires extended setback from starting point• Existing above ground structures may be affected• High number of moving parts leads to excessive factory performed maintenance• Substantial minimum investment required• Requires directional drill • Rental equipment not readily available • Specialized labor required and critical to success• Requires certified drill operator• Bentonite design creates potential for lateral back ups and host pipe deterioration• Bentonite not acceptable in potable water lines• Potential frac-out• Method largely unsuccessful• No significant history

• Tool follows existing pipe path, guided by a constant tension winch to maintain optimum line and grade

• Wide range of burstable pipe material including clay, PVC, RCP, ACP, Cast Iron & more• Burstable pipe diameters range from 4 inches through 54 inches• Upsizes of 100% or more possible• Accessories available to overcome point repairs, clamps and joints• Most bursting done manhole to manhole without invert problems

• Minimal regular maintenance after 300 to 400 hours of operation • Rental equipment available

• Equipment can be used by general contractors

• Bentonite usage specifically geared to enhance bursting operations

• Pneumatic pipe bursting successfully used for 25 years • Millions of feet replaced since 1980

A d v a n t a g e s o f D i s a d v a n t a g e s o f

Pipe bursting equipment is very versatile. In many cases, the same equipment used in pneumatic pipe bursting can be used for trenchless pipe ramming. The directional drill bursting method places excessive stress on drill stems, resulting in fatigue and premature drill stem replacement.

PNEUMATIC Pipe BurstingPneumatic pipe bursting is far and away the most widely used of the threetypes of bursting. The method is simple. A pneumatic bursting tool isguided through a fracturable host pipe by a constant tension winch. Asthe tool travels through the pipe, its percussive action effectively breaksapart the old pipe and displaces the fragments into the surrounding soil.The new pipe, usually HDPE, is pulled in simultaneously.

STATIC Pipe BurstingDuring the static bursting process, specially designed bladed rollers arepulled through an existing line by a hydraulically powered bursting unit.As the bladed rollers are pulled through, they split the host pipe. Anexpander attached to the rollers forces the fragmented pipe into the surrounding soil while simultaneously pulling in the new pipe.

MECHANICAL HDD Bursting/Backreaming Mechanical bursting tools were developed in the late 1980s to be used incombination with horizontal directional drilling units. The goal was toincrease the capabilities of directional drill rigs, making them useful inother markets. These bursting tool heads are attached to the end of a drillstring and pulled back through a host pipe. The bursting tool is usuallypowered by compressed air delivered through the drill stem or by the rotational torque of the drill stem.

Make the Right Method Choice: Pipe bursting can be broken down into several main categories: pneumatic, static and mechanical.

c•o•m•p•a•r•eRISK/CAUTION!

RISK

RISK

RISK

RISK/CAUTION!

CAUTION!

CAUTION!

PROVEN!

PROVEN!

PROVEN!

Mechanical HDD Bursting/BackreamingPneumatic & Static Pipe Bursting

Standard Tool REAR EXPANDER

Straight Barrel Tool FRONT EXPANDERTools & Expander ConfigurationsUsage determined from

25 years of field experience.

Standard Tool + REAR EXPANDERConfigured for clay or concrete pipes

e x p a n d y o u r e x p a n d e r k n o w l e d g eTOOL CONFIGURATIONS:

Standard Tool + REAR EXPANDERwith GUIDE HEAD & BENTONITE MANIFOLDConfigured for cast iron or pvc pipes

TT Technologies,Inc.®

FRONT EXPANDER ADVANTAGESThis tool is now used for reverse/removal if retrieval pit is not possible.

TT Technologies method tested and proven since 1980. (See history)

FRONT EXPANDER DISADVANTAGESRear removal method limits tool diameter and Bentonite usage.• No Bentonite limits the length of bursting runs.• Smaller tool size offers less power and limits burst length

or use in hard soils.

Blunt expander configuration limits tool effectiveness and burst success.• Upsizing more than one size risks host pipe fragments falling

and blocking expander.• Not suited for water lines with bolted clamps or point repairs.

Single use tool—pipe bursting with front expander configuration only.

REAR EXPANDER ADVANTAGES75% of the tool is inside the host pipe ahead of the fracture zonewhere bursting and upsizing are taking place.• Pipe fragments prevented from falling in front of pipe

bursting tool.• Winch cable protected from being cut or damaged by

pipe fragments.

Tool functions as a lead to place the new pipe concentrically around the position of the host pipe.• Helps to maintain line and grade.• Keeps tool from jumping out of host pipe.• Better leverage to handle point repairs or misaligned joints.

Proven method.

Tool/expander configuration allows the use of larger, more powerful tools.• Longer bursts possible when used with rear expander—

proven up to 1,000+ feet.• Hard soils are more easily compressed—even with smaller

diameter pipe.

Allows for the use of various guide heads. The tool can be bettermatched to the type of host pipe.

Tool can be used for pipe ramming or pipe bursting, with front or rear expander, depending on job conditions.

Easily allows the use of Bentonite lubricant.

Tool/expander/guide head configuration allows larger diameter tools to be used in smaller diameter pipes when more power is needed for hard soils.

Proven method.

Straight Barrel Tool + FRONT EXPANDERConfigured for rear tool removal from PE pipes

• Extremely difficult to maintain line and grade

• Limited in the types of burstable pipes (i.e. steel and reinforced concrete pipe)• Burstable pipe diameters limited• Diameter upsize potential limited• Point repairs, joints & clamps will stop drill bursting• Invert line-up in manholes difficult • Manhole repairs from HDD entry create confined space issues• Requires extended setback from starting point• Existing above ground structures may be affected• High number of moving parts leads to excessive factory performed maintenance• Substantial minimum investment required• Requires directional drill • Rental equipment not readily available • Specialized labor required and critical to success• Requires certified drill operator• Bentonite design creates potential for lateral back ups and host pipe deterioration• Bentonite not acceptable in potable water lines• Potential frac-out• Method largely unsuccessful• No significant history

• Tool follows existing pipe path, guided by a constant tension winch to maintain optimum line and grade

• Wide range of burstable pipe material including clay, PVC, RCP, ACP, Cast Iron & more• Burstable pipe diameters range from 4 inches through 54 inches• Upsizes of 100% or more possible• Accessories available to overcome point repairs, clamps and joints• Most bursting done manhole to manhole without invert problems

• Minimal regular maintenance after 300 to 400 hours of operation • Rental equipment available

• Equipment can be used by general contractors

• Bentonite usage specifically geared to enhance bursting operations

• Pneumatic pipe bursting successfully used for 25 years • Millions of feet replaced since 1980

A d v a n t a g e s o f D i s a d v a n t a g e s o f

Pipe bursting equipment is very versatile. In many cases, the same equipment used in pneumatic pipe bursting can be used for trenchless pipe ramming. The directional drill bursting method places excessive stress on drill stems, resulting in fatigue and premature drill stem replacement.

PNEUMATIC Pipe BurstingPneumatic pipe bursting is far and away the most widely used of the threetypes of bursting. The method is simple. A pneumatic bursting tool isguided through a fracturable host pipe by a constant tension winch. Asthe tool travels through the pipe, its percussive action effectively breaksapart the old pipe and displaces the fragments into the surrounding soil.The new pipe, usually HDPE, is pulled in simultaneously.

STATIC Pipe BurstingDuring the static bursting process, specially designed bladed rollers arepulled through an existing line by a hydraulically powered bursting unit.As the bladed rollers are pulled through, they split the host pipe. Anexpander attached to the rollers forces the fragmented pipe into the surrounding soil while simultaneously pulling in the new pipe.

MECHANICAL HDD Bursting/Backreaming Mechanical bursting tools were developed in the late 1980s to be used incombination with horizontal directional drilling units. The goal was toincrease the capabilities of directional drill rigs, making them useful inother markets. These bursting tool heads are attached to the end of a drillstring and pulled back through a host pipe. The bursting tool is usuallypowered by compressed air delivered through the drill stem or by the rotational torque of the drill stem.

Make the Right Method Choice: Pipe bursting can be broken down into several main categories: pneumatic, static and mechanical.

c•o•m•p•a•r•eRISK/CAUTION!

RISK

RISK

RISK

RISK/CAUTION!

CAUTION!

CAUTION!

PROVEN!

PROVEN!

PROVEN!

Mechanical HDD Bursting/BackreamingPneumatic & Static Pipe Bursting

Standard Tool REAR EXPANDER

Straight Barrel Tool FRONT EXPANDERTools & Expander ConfigurationsUsage determined from

25 years of field experience.

Standard Tool + REAR EXPANDERConfigured for clay or concrete pipes

e x p a n d y o u r e x p a n d e r k n o w l e d g eTOOL CONFIGURATIONS:

Standard Tool + REAR EXPANDERwith GUIDE HEAD & BENTONITE MANIFOLDConfigured for cast iron or pvc pipes

TT Technologies,Inc.®

FRONT EXPANDER ADVANTAGESThis tool is now used for reverse/removal if retrieval pit is not possible.

TT Technologies method tested and proven since 1980. (See history)

FRONT EXPANDER DISADVANTAGESRear removal method limits tool diameter and Bentonite usage.• No Bentonite limits the length of bursting runs.• Smaller tool size offers less power and limits burst length

or use in hard soils.

Blunt expander configuration limits tool effectiveness and burst success.• Upsizing more than one size risks host pipe fragments falling

and blocking expander.• Not suited for water lines with bolted clamps or point repairs.

Single use tool—pipe bursting with front expander configuration only.

REAR EXPANDER ADVANTAGES75% of the tool is inside the host pipe ahead of the fracture zonewhere bursting and upsizing are taking place.• Pipe fragments prevented from falling in front of pipe

bursting tool.• Winch cable protected from being cut or damaged by

pipe fragments.

Tool functions as a lead to place the new pipe concentrically around the position of the host pipe.• Helps to maintain line and grade.• Keeps tool from jumping out of host pipe.• Better leverage to handle point repairs or misaligned joints.

Proven method.

Tool/expander configuration allows the use of larger, more powerful tools.• Longer bursts possible when used with rear expander—

proven up to 1,000+ feet.• Hard soils are more easily compressed—even with smaller

diameter pipe.

Allows for the use of various guide heads. The tool can be bettermatched to the type of host pipe.

Tool can be used for pipe ramming or pipe bursting, with front or rear expander, depending on job conditions.

Easily allows the use of Bentonite lubricant.

Tool/expander/guide head configuration allows larger diameter tools to be used in smaller diameter pipes when more power is needed for hard soils.

Proven method.

Straight Barrel Tool + FRONT EXPANDERConfigured for rear tool removal from PE pipes

• Extremely difficult to maintain line and grade

• Limited in the types of burstable pipes (i.e. steel and reinforced concrete pipe)• Burstable pipe diameters limited• Diameter upsize potential limited• Point repairs, joints & clamps will stop drill bursting• Invert line-up in manholes difficult • Manhole repairs from HDD entry create confined space issues• Requires extended setback from starting point• Existing above ground structures may be affected• High number of moving parts leads to excessive factory performed maintenance• Substantial minimum investment required• Requires directional drill • Rental equipment not readily available • Specialized labor required and critical to success• Requires certified drill operator• Bentonite design creates potential for lateral back ups and host pipe deterioration• Bentonite not acceptable in potable water lines• Potential frac-out• Method largely unsuccessful• No significant history

• Tool follows existing pipe path, guided by a constant tension winch to maintain optimum line and grade

• Wide range of burstable pipe material including clay, PVC, RCP, ACP, Cast Iron & more• Burstable pipe diameters range from 4 inches through 54 inches• Upsizes of 100% or more possible• Accessories available to overcome point repairs, clamps and joints• Most bursting done manhole to manhole without invert problems

• Minimal regular maintenance after 300 to 400 hours of operation • Rental equipment available

• Equipment can be used by general contractors

• Bentonite usage specifically geared to enhance bursting operations

• Pneumatic pipe bursting successfully used for 25 years • Millions of feet replaced since 1980

A d v a n t a g e s o f D i s a d v a n t a g e s o f

Pipe bursting equipment is very versatile. In many cases, the same equipment used in pneumatic pipe bursting can be used for trenchless pipe ramming. The directional drill bursting method places excessive stress on drill stems, resulting in fatigue and premature drill stem replacement.

PNEUMATIC Pipe BurstingPneumatic pipe bursting is far and away the most widely used of the threetypes of bursting. The method is simple. A pneumatic bursting tool isguided through a fracturable host pipe by a constant tension winch. Asthe tool travels through the pipe, its percussive action effectively breaksapart the old pipe and displaces the fragments into the surrounding soil.The new pipe, usually HDPE, is pulled in simultaneously.

STATIC Pipe BurstingDuring the static bursting process, specially designed bladed rollers arepulled through an existing line by a hydraulically powered bursting unit.As the bladed rollers are pulled through, they split the host pipe. Anexpander attached to the rollers forces the fragmented pipe into the surrounding soil while simultaneously pulling in the new pipe.

MECHANICAL HDD Bursting/Backreaming Mechanical bursting tools were developed in the late 1980s to be used incombination with horizontal directional drilling units. The goal was toincrease the capabilities of directional drill rigs, making them useful inother markets. These bursting tool heads are attached to the end of a drillstring and pulled back through a host pipe. The bursting tool is usuallypowered by compressed air delivered through the drill stem or by the rotational torque of the drill stem.

Make the Right Method Choice: Pipe bursting can be broken down into several main categories: pneumatic, static and mechanical.

c•o•m•p•a•r•eRISK/CAUTION!

RISK

RISK

RISK

RISK/CAUTION!

CAUTION!

CAUTION!

PROVEN!

PROVEN!

PROVEN!

Mechanical HDD Bursting/BackreamingPneumatic & Static Pipe Bursting

Standard Tool REAR EXPANDER

Straight Barrel Tool FRONT EXPANDERTools & Expander ConfigurationsUsage determined from

25 years of field experience.

Standard Tool + REAR EXPANDERConfigured for clay or concrete pipes

e x p a n d y o u r e x p a n d e r k n o w l e d g eTOOL CONFIGURATIONS:

Standard Tool + REAR EXPANDERwith GUIDE HEAD & BENTONITE MANIFOLDConfigured for cast iron or pvc pipes

TT Technologies,Inc.®

Q: How much has pneumatic pipe bursting grown over the last few years?

A: Many advances have been made in pneumatic pipebursting over the years allowing it to be successfullyused with many different types of pipe, in an almostendless number of situations. In North Americaalone, over one and a half million feet of pipe wasreplaced in 2003 using this highly effective method.

Q: Does static bursting offer advantages over other types of bursting?

A: Static pipe bursting is unique because it providescontractors the means to burst and replace ductileiron and steel pipe, a limitation of pneumatic bursting. Recent advancements in cutting headtechnology have made this possible. This is exciting news for gas and water utilities with milesand miles of these pipes that need to be upgradedand replaced.

Q: How much bursting work has been done with mechanical HDD type bursting units?

A: Since their introduction in 1989, these types of HDD related bursting tools have met limited success, mostly due to difficulty in maintaining lineand grade during bursting operations. There arespecial situations however where these tools can be effectively used to replace short sections of failing pipe in difficult working conditions.

Q: What types of bursting equipment does TT Technologies offer?

A: TT Technologies offers all three major types of pipebursting equipment, including parts, accessoriesand unmatched technical experience and expertise.In addition, TT Technologies offers complete lines ofpipe ramming, piercing tool and directional drillingequipment. Each piece of equipment is backed byover 40 years of trenchless experience.

Questions & Answersa b o u t p i p e b u r s t i n g

a l o o k b e n e a t h t h e s u r f a c e

TT Technologies,Inc.®

Know the FactsFor over 25 years, contractors around the world have been successfully completing project after project withtrenchless bursting equipment. During that time literally millions of feet of failing sewer, water, gas and otherpipelines have been replaced with static and pneumatic equipment. Compare the methods, then see the difference that quality tools, exceptional service and unmatched experience make on your next job. TT Technologies, the leader in trenchless pipe bursting.

1980: Straight Barrel Tools are designed andused by TT Technologies to revolutionize pipereplacement through pipe bursting.

1985: Demand for pipe bursting rises, and contractors experiment with tool sizes & expanderconfigurations.

1988: Straight barrel tool limitations spark the design of rear flair tools to be used with rear expanders.

1993: Rear flair tools become the pipe bursting standard.

1995: The Guide Head is developed to add more flexibility.

2000: Pneumatic Hammer assist: rammerassists during bursting large diameter.

2000: Wide spread acceptance of water main bursting.

2001: Small and medium diameter ductile ironand steel bursting successful.

2002: Compact pipe bursting service laterals.

2003: Large diameter steel and ductile iron bursting takes place.

25 YEARSo f Pipe Bursting PROOF

If a tool finds a collapsed section of host pipe, a front expander can lead the tool offtrack and could snap the winch line. GRUNDOCRACK tools with rear expanders aremuch more likely to stay inside of the host pipe.

When a front expander encounters sediment in host pipe it can lift the tool off course.GRUNDOCRACK tools equipped with a rear expander are a lot less affected by sediment since the majority of the tool is already inside the host pipe. The tool can thenact as a guide to assist in maintaining accuracy and grade, while the bursting is left tothe rear expander. It is recommended to clean old lines before all bursts.

Often, tools are unable to navigate bends with a large front expander. SmallerGRUNDOCRACK tools with rear expanders are able to better navigate gentle bends inhost pipe. A guide head is also effective when used with rear expanders.

Sometimes a point repair clamp causes stoppage of a burst because the front expanderis too large to gradually spring the clamp open. A rear expander allows the use of alarger, more powerful GRUNDOCRACK tool that can still fit within the host pipe to provide the gradual splitting action required to conquer point repairs

In a successful job, old pipe must be compacted outward as it is being burst. However,certain types of soils and host pipe materials, or upsizes of more than one pipe size,may cause a front expander to "push" pipe well ahead of the pneumatic tool, rather thanburst from the inside out. In severe cases, pipe pushing may cause blockage and possibly stalling of the tool. A GRUNDOCRACK tool equipped with a rear expanderand a guide head works well to keep the burst working from the inside out, compactingpipe fragments outward.

TT TECH TIPS: a v o i d t o o l /e x p a n d e r m i s m a t c h

A Brief History of Pipe Bursting Tool Design

Copyright© 2003, TT Technologies, Inc. 09.01.03 Rev 2.1GRUNDOCRACK is protected by Advantica patents

GRUNDOBURST and GRUNDOCRACK are registered trademarks of TT Technologies, Inc.

Specifications subject to change at any time.

® TT Technologies,Inc.2020 E New York Street • Aurora, IL 60504 • 1-800-533-2078 • 1-630-851-8200 • FAX 1-630-851-8299

www.tttechnologies.com • E-mail info@tttechnologies.com

METHOD USAGE COMPARISONUsage determined from

25 years of field experience.

STATICPipe Bursting

PNEUMATICPipe Bursting

HDD MechanicalPipe Bursting

PIPE BURSTING METHODS:

Q: How much has pneumatic pipe bursting grown over the last few years?

A: Many advances have been made in pneumatic pipebursting over the years allowing it to be successfullyused with many different types of pipe, in an almostendless number of situations. In North Americaalone, over one and a half million feet of pipe wasreplaced in 2003 using this highly effective method.

Q: Does static bursting offer advantages over other types of bursting?

A: Static pipe bursting is unique because it providescontractors the means to burst and replace ductileiron and steel pipe, a limitation of pneumatic bursting. Recent advancements in cutting headtechnology have made this possible. This is exciting news for gas and water utilities with milesand miles of these pipes that need to be upgradedand replaced.

Q: How much bursting work has been done with mechanical HDD type bursting units?

A: Since their introduction in 1989, these types of HDD related bursting tools have met limited success, mostly due to difficulty in maintaining lineand grade during bursting operations. There arespecial situations however where these tools can be effectively used to replace short sections of failing pipe in difficult working conditions.

Q: What types of bursting equipment does TT Technologies offer?

A: TT Technologies offers all three major types of pipebursting equipment, including parts, accessoriesand unmatched technical experience and expertise.In addition, TT Technologies offers complete lines ofpipe ramming, piercing tool and directional drillingequipment. Each piece of equipment is backed byover 40 years of trenchless experience.

Questions & Answersa b o u t p i p e b u r s t i n g

a l o o k b e n e a t h t h e s u r f a c e

TT Technologies,Inc.®

Know the FactsFor over 25 years, contractors around the world have been successfully completing project after project withtrenchless bursting equipment. During that time literally millions of feet of failing sewer, water, gas and otherpipelines have been replaced with static and pneumatic equipment. Compare the methods, then see the difference that quality tools, exceptional service and unmatched experience make on your next job. TT Technologies, the leader in trenchless pipe bursting.

1980: Straight Barrel Tools are designed andused by TT Technologies to revolutionize pipereplacement through pipe bursting.

1985: Demand for pipe bursting rises, and contractors experiment with tool sizes & expanderconfigurations.

1988: Straight barrel tool limitations spark the design of rear flair tools to be used with rear expanders.

1993: Rear flair tools become the pipe bursting standard.

1995: The Guide Head is developed to add more flexibility.

2000: Pneumatic Hammer assist: rammerassists during bursting large diameter.

2000: Wide spread acceptance of water main bursting.

2001: Small and medium diameter ductile ironand steel bursting successful.

2002: Compact pipe bursting service laterals.

2003: Large diameter steel and ductile iron bursting takes place.

25 YEARSo f Pipe Bursting PROOF

If a tool finds a collapsed section of host pipe, a front expander can lead the tool offtrack and could snap the winch line. GRUNDOCRACK tools with rear expanders aremuch more likely to stay inside of the host pipe.

When a front expander encounters sediment in host pipe it can lift the tool off course.GRUNDOCRACK tools equipped with a rear expander are a lot less affected by sediment since the majority of the tool is already inside the host pipe. The tool can thenact as a guide to assist in maintaining accuracy and grade, while the bursting is left tothe rear expander. It is recommended to clean old lines before all bursts.

Often, tools are unable to navigate bends with a large front expander. SmallerGRUNDOCRACK tools with rear expanders are able to better navigate gentle bends inhost pipe. A guide head is also effective when used with rear expanders.

Sometimes a point repair clamp causes stoppage of a burst because the front expanderis too large to gradually spring the clamp open. A rear expander allows the use of alarger, more powerful GRUNDOCRACK tool that can still fit within the host pipe to provide the gradual splitting action required to conquer point repairs

In a successful job, old pipe must be compacted outward as it is being burst. However,certain types of soils and host pipe materials, or upsizes of more than one pipe size,may cause a front expander to "push" pipe well ahead of the pneumatic tool, rather thanburst from the inside out. In severe cases, pipe pushing may cause blockage and possibly stalling of the tool. A GRUNDOCRACK tool equipped with a rear expanderand a guide head works well to keep the burst working from the inside out, compactingpipe fragments outward.

TT TECH TIPS: a v o i d t o o l /e x p a n d e r m i s m a t c h

A Brief History of Pipe Bursting Tool Design

Copyright© 2003, TT Technologies, Inc. 09.01.03 Rev 2.1GRUNDOCRACK is protected by Advantica patents

GRUNDOBURST and GRUNDOCRACK are registered trademarks of TT Technologies, Inc.

Specifications subject to change at any time.

® TT Technologies,Inc.2020 E New York Street • Aurora, IL 60504 • 1-800-533-2078 • 1-630-851-8200 • FAX 1-630-851-8299

www.tttechnologies.com • E-mail info@tttechnologies.com

METHOD USAGE COMPARISONUsage determined from

25 years of field experience.

STATICPipe Bursting

PNEUMATICPipe Bursting

HDD MechanicalPipe Bursting

PIPE BURSTING METHODS: