The Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme

25 years of managing contaminated Bundeswehr sites

EditorFederal Ministry of DefenceSection IUD II 5Soil + Water ProtectionFontainengraben 15053123 Bonn

Project controllingFederal Ministry of Defencesupported byOFD Lower SaxonyBuilding and Estate Department Waterloostraße 430169 Hannover

Typesetting/Layout Engineering Consultants Dr. Eng. Christian NiestrojDipl.-Geogr. Christoph KollogeGeibelstraße 63 30173 Hannover

Date of publicationMay 2014

Published byFederal Office for Infrastruc-ture, Environmental Protection and Services of the BundeswehrDL I 4 – Central Printing OfficeCologne-Bonn

Circulation200 copies

Copyright The brochure ‘25 years of managing contaminated Bundeswehr sites’ is protected by copyright, all rights reserved. Copies may be made and distributed within the building administrations of the Federation and the Federal States as well as within the Bundeswehr. Copies of the entire brochure or excerpts from the brochure may only be made and distributed outside the area of responsibility of the building administrations of the Federation and the Federal States as well as within the Bundeswehr with prior written permission from the editor.

Photo creditsRights of use for photos with no specific attribution are incumbent upon OFD Lower Saxony. The photos on the title page and on pages 6, 10, 11 and 17 are imbedded in the website pixelio.de. Pages 18-23 contain photos and graphics from the website graphicriver.net.

NoteThe names Liegenschaftsinformationssystem Außenanlagen LISA® and FIS BoGwS® are registered trade names in the Federal Republic of Germany.

1

1

2

3

3.13.23.3

4

55.15.2

6

6.1

6.2

Introduction

The history of the Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme

The concept behind the contaminated sites remediation programme OrganisationanddistributionoftasksContaminationmanagementproceduresLookingahead

Soil and groundwater protection guidelines

IT toolsFISBoGwS/INSABundeswehrSDMandWEB-Client

Results of the contaminated sites remediation programmeManagingconfirmedandsuspectedcontaminatedsites Budget

2

4

8101215

16

181921

22

2325

26List of abbreviations

Table of contents

2 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

introduction C H A P T E R 1

Due to often many years of use contamination of soil and groundwater can be found on many military sites. They are often warfare related and date back to the time of the first and second world wars as well as to the cold war era. However, military use of the sites by the Bundeswehr has also caused soil contamination and water pollution.

3e i n l e i t u n gi n t r o d u c t i o n

TheBundeswehr’sremediationprogrammetoman-agecontaminationontheirestatehasnowbeeninplacefor25years.Thisprogrammecontinuestoen-surethatcontaminatedsitesaremanagedcompre-hensivelyandinatarget-orientedmannerthrough-outtheBundeswehrestateintheFederalRepublicofGermany.Theprogrammeconsistsofthreephasesincludingdatacaptureandinitialevaluation(phase1),investigationandriskassessment(phase2)andremediation(phase3).

Overtheyears,theremediationprogrammehascontinuouslybeenadaptedtotakecurrentdevel-opmentsintoaccount,forexamplenewlegislationorITadvances,andmanagementprocedureshavebeenoptimisedaccordingly.

Moreover,theBundeswehrtakessoilandwaterpro-tectionveryseriously.Basedonthecontaminated

sitesremediationprogrammetheyhaveinitiatedanewprogrammeforthesustainablemanagementofactivemilitarytrainingareasinordertoensureunlimitedyetenvironmentallyfriendlytrainingoperationsinthelongterm.FortheBundeswehrastheuserofavarietyofcontaminatedsites,bothprogrammesareimportantinstrumentsforfulfillingtheirobligationstoprotectsoilandwater.

Furthermore,theso-calledcomprehensivegeohy-drologicalmasterplansasplanningandmanage-menttoolswithinthegeoinformationsystemaswellastheguidelines

ƒ onproceduresandnotificationincaseof accidentswithwaterpollutantsand

ƒ onmilitaryexercisesinwaterprotectionareas

contributeinparticulartoprotectingsoilandwater.

S u P P L E m E n TA Ry I n f o R m AT Io n

Explosive ordnance

ThedangersresultingfromabandonedexplosiveordnancefromWWIandIIfallwithintheremitofpoliceandstatutorylaw.Asarule,thisisthereforenotcoveredunderthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeoftheBundeswehr.

If,however,pollutantshaveemanatedfromthistypeofordnancecausingsoilorwatercontamination,theBundeswehrdealswithitundertheprogrammeregime.

Warfare related contaminated sites from WW I and II

WarfarerelatedcontaminatedsitesfromWWIandIIarelocationswhichhadbeenusedfortheproductionandstorageofweaponsandammunitionormilitaryoperationsbefore1945.Thiscomprisesnotonlyammunitionstorage,manufacturingandprocessingsitesbutalsoforexampledefusinganddismantlingfacilitiesaswellasabandonedweaponry.ThesesitesarecoveredundertheBundeswehrcontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.

4 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

the history of the Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme

C H A P T E R 2

5

programmeeast’wasinitiatedin1991.Manyofthesitesincorporatedintotheprogrammeatthistimewereseverelycontaminated,oftenatnumer-ouslocationsduetothemanyyearsofmilitaryuseandthelowenvironmentalstandardsuptothelate1980s.Someofthesoilandgroundwatercontami-nationwasofconsiderabledangertothegeneralpublic.Atfirstthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammefocussedhereontheacutedangerstolifeandlimb,carryingoutimmediatedangerde-fenceaction.Afterthat,allsuspectedcontaminatedsitesweresystematicallyworkedthrough.Thebasicprinciplesofaprocedureinthreephases–whicharestillapplicabletoday–wereinitiallyestablishedinthe‘Conceptforcapturingdataandinvestigat-ingsitessuspectedofcontamination’in1992fortheContaminatedSitesRemediationProgrammeEast.Thenin1994theFederalMinistryofDefence(FMOD)introducedregulationsformanagingcontaminatedsitesonacomprehensivenationwidebasis.

Inordertoprovideallofthestakeholderswithabindingandreliableconceptforactiontobetaken,thefirstversionofthe‘Practicalguidelinesforapplyingbuildingstandardstoplanningandimple-mentationofmeasurestosafeguardandcleanupcontaminatedsoil’waspublishedin1996,forshort

At the end of the ‘Cold War’, society, politics and the military underwent fundamental change. This led to a reorganisation of the armed forces at the end of the 1980s, especially in central Europe.

Alargenumberofmilitarysitesweredecommis-sionedandhadtobepreparedforfollow-oncivilianuse.Formanyoftheremainingmilitarysites,therequirementschanged.Inbothcasesthequestionofpossiblecontaminationandinherentriskswasraised.

Atthesametime,societyandpoliticswerebecom-ingmoreandmoreawareofenvironmentalissues.TheBundeswehrbegansystematicallylookingintocontaminationonmilitarysitesin1989,start-ingwithacomprehensivestudyofallsiteswherecontaminationwassuspectedinthewesternpartofGermany.Thistookuntilabout1994.

AfterthefalloftheWall,thesiteswithintheformerGermanDemocraticRepublic(GDR)addedtotheproblemsthathadalreadybeenrecognisedinthewesternfederalstates.AfterreunificationtheBundeswehrtookoverthemilitaryinstallationsformerlyusedbytheNationalPeople’sArmyoftheGDR.FurthersiteswereaddedtotheprogrammewhentheWesternGroupofForcesoftheCom-monwealthofIndependentStates(theformerGroupofSovietForcesinGermany)withdrew.

InordertomanagethelargenumberofsitestheBundeswehr‘contaminatedsitesremediation

t h e h i s t o r y

6 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s66

2

77

‘Practicalguidelinesfordealingwithcontaminat-edsites’(nowcalled‘Practicalguidelinesfortheprotectionofsoilandgroundwater’–abbreviatedinGermanAHBoGwS,seeChapter4).

Atthesametimethedatabase‘InformationSys-temContaminatedSites’(abbreviatedinGerman:INSA;now‘InformationSystemSoilandGround-waterProtectionINSA’)wasdeveloped,alongwithadditionalITtools(seeChapter5).

ThecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammegainedevenmoremomentumoncetheFederalSoilProtectionLaw(BBodSchG)andtheFed-eralSoilProtectionOrdinance(BBodSchV)werepassedin1998and1999.

Theoriginalprogrammeupto1990dealtonlywithcontaminationondecommissionedsites,then–inconjunctionwiththenewlegislation–itbecamenecessarytoextendtheprogrammetoincludeallsiteswithsuspectedorconfirmedcon-tamination,nomatterwhenorhowitoriginated.Asaresult,theBundeswehrbegantocapturedataonthesesitesthroughoutitsestateaswell.Thusthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammedevelopedintoacomprehensiveprogrammeformanagingcontaminatedsites,withthefollow-updatacapturestillongoingtodayinsomecases.

t h e h i s t o r y

31

1 MilitarytrainingareaMunster-Nord

2+3 MunitionsdepotAurich-Tannenhausen:coveredexplosionstandatanannealingfacilityandneutralisationbasin

8 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

the concept behind the contaminated sites remediation programme

C H A P T E R 3

9

exceptionshasbeentransferredtoBImAowner-ship.BasedonaframeworkagreementbetweentheFMOD,theFederalMinistryofFinanceandBImAitwasagreedthattheBundeswehrwillcontinuetousethecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammetomanagethecontaminatedsitestheyuseuntilthereisnolongeramilitaryrequirementforthesitesandtheyarehandedbacktoBImA.AspartoftheProgramme,theBundeswehrkeepsBImAap-prisedofanydevelopments.

TheContaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeisingeneraladynamicinstrument;thecontrols,guidelinesanddataprocessingtoolscontinuetobeoptimised.Inaddition,regulartrainingsessionsandseminarsforeveryoneinvolvedprovidecom-prehensivefurthereducationandopportunitiesforexchanginginformationandexperiences.InaccordancewiththeFederalPropertyAgency(ab-breviatedinGerman:BImA)Lawfrom2004alloftheestateusedbytheBundeswehrwithonlyafew

from the beginning, the contaminated sites remediation programme was aimed at creating nationwide standard and efficient organisation structures, procedures and tools for data processing, documentation and evaluation throughout the estate to capture data on suspected and known contaminated sites in order to investigate, assess the risk and – as required – carry out remedial works.

t h e c o n c e p t

Source:Simple/pixelio.de

10 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

3

organisation and distribution of tasks3.1

TheDirectorate-GeneralforInfrastructure,En-vironmentalProtectionandServiceswithintheFMODisresponsibleforthestrategicdirectionoftheBundeswehr’scontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.TheStatutoryTasksDivisionoftheFederalOfficeforInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionandServices(BAIUDBw)inBonncon-trols,coordinatesandmonitorstheprogramme

nationwide.Theannualreportingprocedureisthemostimportantgovernancetoolinaddressingcontaminationissues.TheK6sectionsofthesevenCentresofExpertiseinBuildingManagementoftheBAIUDBwareresponsibleforregionalcoordinationandtaskthebuildingadministrationstocarryouttheworks.Thisalsoincludesworkingcloselyto-getherwiththeresponsibleregulatoryauthorities,

Various departments of the Bundeswehr and the federal and State Building Administration are involved in implementing the contaminated sites remediation programme.

organisational structureofcontaminationmanagementonthemilitaryestate

LSBoGwSLand:CentralofficesoftheFederalstatesforsoilandgroundwaterprotection,sometimesdelegatedtothelocalconstructionlevel

*

T H E C o n C E P T

LS BoGwS

CentralOfficeoftheFederationforSoilandGroundwater

Protection

BAIuDBw

FederalOfficeforInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionand

ServicesoftheBundeswehr

LS BoGwS Land*

BuildingAdministrationoftheFederalStates

(supervisorylevel)

BwDLZ

BundeswehrServiceCentres

Building Administration of the federal States

(localconstructionlevel)

fmoD

FederalMinistryofDefence,Directorate-GeneralforInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionandServices

11O R G A N I S A T I O N A N D D I S T R I B U T I O N O F T A S K S

generallyfromPhaseIIoftheprogrammeonward.EnvironmentalexpertsattheBundeswehrServiceCentres(BwDLZ)providesupporttoBAIUDBwatthelocallevel,inparticularwiththefollow-updatacaptureexercise.TheCentralOfficeoftheFederationforSoilandGroundwaterProtec-tion(LSBoGwS)locatedwithintheStateFinanceAdministration(OFD)ofLowerSaxonyundertakesspecifictasksofsoilandgroundwaterprotection,theclearanceofexplosiveordnanceandthesiteoutdoorinformationsystem(LISA).

AnothercoretaskismanagingthecentraldatabaseINSAanddevelopingthetechnicalinformationsystemonsoilandgroundwaterprotection(FISBoGwS,seeChapter5.1)aspartoftheLISAsys-tem.Ifcomplexproblemsarise,theCentralOfficeLSBoGwSassistsuponrequestwiththeirexper-tiseaccumulatedovertheyearsforindividualsites

federal ministry of Defence,BendlerblockinBerlin Source:Bundeswehr/MartinStollberg

andprovidesavailabledata.ThecentralofficesoftheFederalstatesforsoilandgroundwaterprotec-tion(LSBoGwSLand)arethefirstpointsofcontactfortheBundeswehratregionallevelwhenitcomestocontaminationmanagement.Theyarerespon-sibleforprojectcontrolling,thecommissioningandtechnicalsupportofthelocalbuildingadministra-tions,theexchangeoftechnicalinformationwiththeFederalCentralOfficeand,inparticular,themaintainingoftheINSAdatabase.

ThelocalbuildingadministrationsareresponsibleforcontractingouttheworkfortheBundeswehr,inparticularforinvestigatingandremediatingcontaminatedsites,incertaincasesalsoforcaptur-ingdata.Theworkassociatedwiththisisnormallycontractedouttoexternalspecialists,whopresenttheirfindingsinanexpert’sreport.

12 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s1212

All soil and groundwater contamination on sites used by the Bundeswehr are managed uniformly in three phases.

Contamination management procedures

Phase II: Investigation and risk assessmentThepurposeoftheexploratoryinvestigationinPhaseIIaistodeterminewhetherthereisanycon-taminationandtomakeapreliminaryriskassess-mentatreasonablecostandeffort.

Ifthereisnocontaminationoronlyaninsignificantamount,thesiteistakenoutoftheprogramme;ifcontaminationisconfirmed,thenextstepisusuallythedetailedinvestigationinPhaseIIb.

Phase I: Initial evaluationThefirststepforsitessuspectedofcontamina-tionbecauseoftheirusageorotherreasonsistopreciselylocalisethesite.Thenextstepistocollectanddocumentfurtherinformationandproposeahypothesisabouttheexistenceofcontamination.

Ifthesuspicionisnotconfirmedduringthesubse-quentinitialassessment,thesiteiseliminatedfromtheprogramme.Ifthesuspicionappearstobewell-founded,theinvestigationcontinuestoPhaseIIa.

3.2

Test facility for remediation of unsaturated soil areas

3 T H E C o n C E P T

13c o n ta m i n at i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o c e d u r e s

flow chart for dealing with suspected or known contaminated sites Source:AHBoGwS2014

Suspectedrisk

NoriskRisk

Suspectedcontamination

Contamination

noactionrequired

A/II

B/II

Nocontamination

Contaminationrequiringaction

i n p r o g r e s s c o m p l e t e d

Sitecategory/phaseA/I

Suspected contaminated site

Exploratory investigation

Data capture

Detailed investigation

Data capture and initial assessment

Exploratory investigation

Remediation planning

Detailed investigation

follow-up maintenance

B/IIINorisk

C/III follow-up maintenance

A/IInitial assessment

Evaluation

Risk

B/IINorisk

Risk assessment

Remediation planning

IIIa-2: Draft,approvalandimplementationplanning*

IIIa-1:Identificationofbasicrequirementsandpre-planning*

PH

AS

E I

PH

AS

E I

IaP

HA

SE

III

aP

HA

SE

IIb

IIIb

IIIc

E

Remediation

D

Suspectedcontaminationnot

confirmed

Actionrequired

Actionrequired

A/IIIRemediationNorisk

C E

D

*TheassessmentcantakeplaceinPhaseIIIa-1and/orIIIa-2.

C/IIIAssessment*

sustainabilityandproportionality

14 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

Classificationof sitesinaccordancewithAHBoGwS

CATEGoRy SIGnIfICAnCE CLASSIfICATIon

Nosuspectedcontaminationorsitehasundergoneremediation

Siteiseliminatedfromtheinvestigation,documentation,unrestricteduse

Lowlevelpollution,noriskatpresentSiteiseliminatedfromtheinvestigation,documentation,reassessment/investigationrequiredifuseofsitechanges

Evidenceofpollutionmayindicateharmfulchangestothesoilorwaterpollution,finalriskassessmentnotpossibleatthisstage

Siteiskeptunderobservationandreassessedatperiodicintervals,includesmonitoringofthesiteasfollow-upmaintenance

Evidenceofharmfulchangestothesoil/waterpollution

Worksrequiredtopreventhazards

Verificationasacontaminatedsiteorevidenceofpollution,furtherinformationrequiredforfinalriskassessment

Furtherinvestigationrequired

A

B

D

E

C

Thedetailedinvestigationincludesathoroughexaminationofthesitetoverifyandquantifytheconcreteevidenceofharmfulchangestothesoilorwaterpollution.Thisprovidesthebasisformakingtheriskassessment.Theriskassessmentprovidesareliableandclearindicationofwhethermeasuresarenecessarytopreventhazards.

IfaconcreteriskcanbeidentifiedinPhaseIIa,theplanningstageforremediationmayfollowondirectlyinPhaseIIIa.

Phase III: RemediationPhaseIIIisdividedintoPhaseIIIa(planningofremediationworks),PhaseIIIb(carryingoutreme-diationworks)andPhaseIIIc(follow-upmainte-nance).

PhaseIIIcomprisesallofthetechnicalandadmin-istrativeworkinvolvedinplanningandcarryingouttheremediationworks,includingfollow-upmain-tenanceaftertheworkshavebeencompletedandanymonitoringthatmayberequired.

Onceaphaseiscompleted,thesiteisclassifiedasacategoryA,B,C,DorEsite(seetablebelow).

Siteswithalonghistoryofcomplexcontaminationaremanagedunderaso-calledmasterplan,whichprovidestheagreedprocedurefordealingwithalloftheexistingorsuspectedcontaminatedareasontheestate.Thiscanincludeseveralsitesonthesameestate.Followupdatacapture,clearanceofordnanceand/ordismantlingofoldfacilitiescanbeincludedintheplanasrequired.

3 T H E C o n C E P T

15

Looking ahead3.3

Thecontinuousoptimisationofthecontami-natedsitesremediationprogrammehelpstoachievethisgoal.Thenewprogramme‘Preven-tiveandfollow-upsoilandwaterprotectiononmilitarytrainingareas’guaranteeslong-termenvironmentallysafeandsustainableuse.Itfocusesoninvestigatingfacilitieswheretrain-ingoperationsmayintroducepollutantsintothesoilandevaluatingthepotentialriskfortheenvironment.Harmfulsubstancesareremovedwherenecessary,andtechnicalinfrastructure

worksarecarriedoutatthefacilitiestoensurethattheriskpotentialisminimisedorevencompletelyeliminatedinfuture,oncetrainingresumes.

TheBundeswehrisexpectedtokeepenviron-mentaldamagetoaminimum.EffectivesoilandwaterprotectionontheBundeswehrestateisnotonlyastatutoryrequirementbutalsopartoftheirnationalresponsibilitytomaintainanintactenvironmentforfuturegenerations.

The Bundeswehr will continue to strive to ensure the effective and sustainable protection of soil and water.

16 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

soil and groundwater protection guidelines

C H A P T E R 4

17s o i l a n d g r o u n d w at e r p r o t e c t i o n g u i d e l i n e s

The decentralised contamination management on the Bundeswehr estate requires standard procedures.

Ontheonehand,thisisachievedthroughFMODregulations;ontheotherhand,theguidelinesforsoilandgroundwaterprotectionissuedtogetherbytheFMODandtheMinistryoftheEnvironment,NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafetyprovidedetailedguidance.

TheSoilandGroundwaterProtectionGuidelines(AHBoGwS)applytotheplanningandimple-mentationoftheinvestigationandremediationofharmfulchangesinthesoilandgroundwaterpollution.AsfarastheFMODisconcerned,theseregulationsapplytoallsoilandwaterpollution.

TheAHBoGwSaimstostandardisetheproceduresformanagingsuspectedandknowncontaminatedsitesthroughoutGermany,fromcapturingdatatoanynecessaryremediationinaccordancewithstatutoryrequirements.ThisalsotakesintoaccounttheprinciplesofcosteffectivenessandfrugalityinaccordancewithFederalTreasuryregulationsaswellassustainability.Inadditiontodefiningtheprocedures,theguidelinesprovidethebasisfordecision-making,tips,instructions,scopeofworkscataloguesandsampletenderingdocuments.

Otherguidelinessuchasthosefortheclearanceofunexplodedordnance,wastewatermanagement

andrecyclingprovidecomprehensivehelpwhentheseinterfacewithcontaminationmanagementandinconnectionwithotherissuesofplanning,constructionandoperationinaccordancewiththeregulationsforcarryingoutconstructionontheFederalestate.

Therespectiveguidelinesareavailableonthe

internetandcanbedownloadedfromthe

followingwebsites:

→ www.arbeitshilfen-bogws.de

→ www.ah-kmr.de or

www.arbeitshilfen-kampfmittelraeumung.de

→ www.arbeitshilfen-abwasser.de

→ www.arbeitshilfen-recycling.de

InTERnET

18 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

it toolsC H A P T E R 5

19f i s B o g w s / i n s a

fIS BoGwS/InSA5.1The technical information system for soil and groundwater protection (fIS BoGwS) is a component of the site outdoor infrastructure information system (LISA). It comprises several modules that complete the application’s possibilities.

Information system for soil and groundwater protection (INSA)

ThemostimportantmoduleistheINSA,thecentraldatabaseoftheFederation,whichfulfilstherequirementsoftheBundeswehr,thebuildingadministrationandBImAastheownerofthees-tatetomaintainuniformdocumentationindigitalform.TheINSAdatabaseisdesignedforcapturing,storingandevaluatingdatathatresultfromman-agingsoilandwatercontamination.Itisusedin

thebuildingadministrationandintheBundeswehrforFederalandState-ownedestateandisalsoaccessibletoBImA.Thebuildingadministrationisthemaindataowner.Projectcontroldataarealsostoredinadditiontotechnicaldata.Allinstancesofcontamination,includingthosethatdonotrequirefurtheraction,aredocumentedintheINSAdatabase.Theflowofinformationisregulatedin

20 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

I T T o o L S5

internalBundeswehrguidelinesaswellasinthetheGuidelinesonSoilandGroundwaterProtection,ensuringthatthedatapassesfromtheconsultingengineercommissionedtoconducttheinvestiga-tiontothepertinentstate-levelcontrolagencyforsoilandgroundwaterprotectionandthenontotheBundeswehr.

TheINSAdatabaseoffersautomaticanalysisop-tionsforreportingonvariousissues.Itgeneratesannualreportswhichprovideanoverviewofmea-suresunderthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.

ThedatacaptureprogrammeEFAisusedforthedecentralizedcollectionofdata.Itismadeavailabletoenterprisesandagenciescommissionedtocarryoutsoilandwaterinvestigations.Whilstinthepast

EFAusedtobeaseparateprogramme,itisnowintegratedintothecurrentINSAprogramme.TheEFAprogrammealsogeneratesagraphicviewofthelocationofsuspectedcontaminatedsites,areasunderinvestigationandthescopeoftheproject.

Bundeswehr reporting system: TheBundeswehr’scontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammecanbeevaluatedonthebasisofannualreports,thusenablingsteeringandcontinuousoptimisation.Atotaloffourreporttablescontainanoverviewofthecosts,alistofsuspectedandknowncontami-natedsitesperestatethathavebeendealtwith,adetailedlistwithadditionalinformationsuchasthepollutantsandchemicalanalysesandastatisti-calevaluationbasedonthisinformation.Withtheexceptionoftheoverviewofcosts,thereporttablesaregeneratedautomaticallybytheINSAsystem.

20

Bundeswehr reporting

system

21B u n d e s w e h r s d m a n d w e B - c l i e n t 21

Bundeswehr SDm and WEB-Client 5.2

SDMisaproductthatcomplementsSASPF,aprojectundertakenbytheBundeswehrtointro-duceSAPstandardbusinessmanagementsoft-ware.Itisahighlyefficientinfrastructureanden-vironmentalmanagementsysteminwhichdatarecordsrelatingtoplotsofland,sites,buildingsandareasareprocessed,visualizedandadmin-

isteredaswellasintegratedwithalphanumericdata.Thecentrallystoreddataarecomparedregu-larlywiththoseattheCentralOfficeLSBoGwSatOFDNiedersachsen,whoarethecentralinterfacebetweentheBundeswehrandthestatebuildingadministrations.

In addition to read-only access to the InSA system, the Bundeswehr has at its disposal its own Spatial Data management (SDm) system and the WEB-Client, additional and powerful tools for accomplishing their specifi c tasks of protecting soil and water.

WEB-Client of the Bundeswehr

22 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

results of the contaminated sites remediation programme

C H A P T E R 6

23

Uptonow,atotalofnearly2,700militarysiteshavebeeninvestigatedforpossiblepollutionofsoilandgroundwaterundertheBundeswehr’scontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.Morethan4,300projectshavebeencarriedoutinPhases

ItoIIIatthesesites.Mostoftheprojectscommis-sionedwithinthescopeofPhaseIwerecarriedoutupto1994duringtheinitialnationwidedatacap-tureofsuspectedcontaminatedBundeswehrsitesinWestGermanyandaspartoftheBundeswehr

managing confirmed and suspected contaminated sites

6.1

The Bundeswehr today uses around 1,700 of the more than 6,500 military sites that were at its disposal in the late 1980s/early 1990s in the old and the new federal states.

m a n a g i n g c o n f i r m e d a n d s u s p e c t e d c o n ta m i n at e d s i t e s

mangement in phases in all federal states, 1990to2013

1990 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '130

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Diagrammtitel

PhaseI PhaseII PhaseIII Follow-updatacapturePhaseI

projects350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

24 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s

MOH1

BTEX2

LCKW3

Heavymetals

PAH4

Other

PCB5

Explosivesandrelatedcomp.

Phenols

Cyanides

Suspected and verified pollutants, showingthepercent-ageofconfirmedandsuspectedcontaminatedsitesrela-tivetothetotalnumberofsuspectedcontaminatedsites

Verifiedpollutants(PhaseIIa)

22

3812

2715

2515

239

1411

14 1

7 2

3 2

11

81

Suspectedpollutants(PhaseI)

contaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeeast.Inmanycasesitwaspossibletoreliablyelimi-natethesuspicionofcontaminationasearlyastheinitialassessmentinPhaseI.Thusonlysome6,500outofmorethan15,000suspectedcasesofcontaminationwerecarriedoverintoPhaseII.

After1994thefocusoftheworkshiftedtoPhaseII,i.e.exploratoryanddetailedinvestigations.TheriskassessmentattheendofPhaseIIshowsthatonlyslightlymorethan10%ofthesitesinvestigatedhavebeenclassifiedasinneedofremediation.

Fromthemiddleofthe1990sthevolumeofremediationworkinPhaseIIIremainedconstant.Ithasdecreasedonlyintherecentyears,whichismainlyattributabletothelowernumberofBundeswehrsitesremainingafteranumberofsiteshadtobedecommissionedinthecourseofanewbasingprogramme.

Remediationworkshavebeencarriedoutatapprox.750sitesinPhaseIIIsofar.Only50%ofthepollutantssuspectedinPhaseIcouldactuallybedetectedbychemicalanalysisinPhaseII.

MOH(mineraloilhydrocarbons)contamination,veryfrequentlysuspectedinPhaseI,hasbeensubsequentlyconfirmedbytestsinPhaseIIainabout22%ofthecases;thesameappliestoPAH(polycyclicalaromatichydrocarbons)andphe-nols.Aromatichydrocarbonssuchasbenzene,toluene,ethylbenzeneandxylenes(BTEX),aswellasothergroupsofoftensuspectedpollutantssuchasheavymetals,havesimilarlybeenveri-fiedinnotableamountsthroughanalysis.Theseverifiedpollutantsdemonstratethattherangeofpollutantsfoundatmilitarysitesismainlyofa

“civilian”nature.Inanoverallcomparison,onlyalimitedextentofpurely“military”pollutantssuchasexplosivescompoundshavebeenfound.

AreviewofthePhaseIcontaminationhypothe-sesinPhaseIIahasalsorevealedthatthemea-suredconcentrationshaveonlyactuallymadefurtherPhaseIIbinvestigationsnecessaryatasmallnumberofsites.Inmanycases,pollutantshavebeenconfirmedonlyinverylowconcentra-tions.

R E S u LT S6

1Mineraloilhydrocarbons

2Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzeneandxylens

3Volatilechlorinatedhydrocarbons

4Polycyclicalaromatichydrocarbons

5Polychlorinatedbiphenyls

Allfiguresin%;asat03/2014

25B u d g e t

Amount of budgeted funds spentonthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeoftheBundeswehrfrom1996to2013

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1996 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 1996 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13

MillionEuros

Budget6.2

berofyears.Annualexpenditureoncontaminationmanagementatthepresenttimehaslevelledofftoabout10millionEuros.Thisisdividedupintounequalamountsforthecostofengineers,buildingmaintenanceandmajorandminorworks.InsomecasestheBwDLZhavealsocontributedfromtheirownbudgets.

Thisdevelopmentisattributabletoanumberoffactors:thecompletionofanumberofremediationprojectsinthenewfederalstatesbythattime,thehandbackofmanysitesinneedofremediationtothethenFederalPropertyAdministrationandthefactthattheprogrammeintheoldFederalstateshadbeeninthelessexpensivePhaseIIforanum-

The Bundeswehr has spent over 440 million Euros on contamination management since 1991. up to 2001, the average budget expenditure on the contaminated sites remediation programme amounted to the equivalent of some 30 million Euros annually. In the years since, that expenditure has decreased to around 10 million Euros a year.

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Engineeringservices

Maintenance

Majorandminorworks

BundeswehrServiceCentre

26 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s2 5 J a h r e K o n ta m i n at i o n s B e a r B e i t u n g i n d e r B u n d e s w e h r

list of abbreviations

27

AH BoGwS

BAIuDBw

BBodSchG

BBodSchV

BImA

BmuB

BmVg

BoGwS

BTEX

BwDLZ

GDR

EfA

fIS BoGwS

fmoD

GIS

InSA

IT

Kf

KVf

LCKW

LISA

LS

moH

ofD

PAH

PCB

SASPf

SDm

WEB-Client

Guidelinesonsoilandgroundwaterprotection

FederalOfficeofBundeswehrInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionandServices

FederalSoilProtectionAct

FederalSoilProtectionOrdinance

FederalPropertyAgency

FederalMinistryoftheEnvironment,NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafety

FederalMinistryofDefence

Soilandgroundwaterprotection

Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzeneandxylene

BundeswehrServiceCentre

GermanDemocraticRepublic

Datacapturemoduleforcontamination

Technicalinformationsystemforsoilandgroundwaterprotection

FederalMinistryofDefence

Geoinformationsystem

Informationsystemforsoilandgroundwaterprotection

Informationtechnology

Confirmedcontaminatedsite

Suspectedcontaminatedsite

Highlyvolatilechlorinatedhydrocarbons

Siteoutdoorinfrastructureinformationsystem

Controlcentre

Mineraloilhydrocarbons

StateFinanceAdministration

Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons

Polychlorinatedbiphenyls

Productfamilynormforapplicationsoftware

Bundeswehrspatialdatamanagementsystem

ToolusedbytheBundeswehrtocapturefollow-updataonsuspectedcontaminatedsites

l i s t o f a B B r e v i at i o n s