Real-life exposure to mixtures of chemicals in the EuroMix human biomonitoring study – results from repeated 24-hour diaries reporting the use of personal care products (PCPs)

The Horizon 2020 EuroMix project aims to provide validated test strategies for the toxicity ofchemicals in mixtures, including exposure assessments via oral and dermal exposure routes. Aspart of the EuroMix project, a biomonitoring study was performed to obtain real-life humandata on food consumption and the use of personal care products (PCPs) and cosmetics(hereafter called PCPs). Chemicals (phenolic compounds, phthalates and pesticides) weremeasured in urine. The data will provide a verification platform for aggregated exposureassessments in EuroMix. Here, preliminary data from the first 24h period on PCP use and theexposure to phenolic compounds will be presented.

M. ANDREASSEN1, H. HJERTHOLM1, HAAM. DIRVEN1 AND T. HUSØY1.1NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, OSLO, NORWAY,

Introduction Results

Conclusions

Aim

PCP use: Results from 100 women and 44 men, aged 23-70, show that women usedsignificantly more PCP’s than men (two tailed t-test p < 0.001). The number of products rangedfrom two to 45 for women (mean 14.06, SD 7.62) and from one to 15 for men (mean 6.20, SD2.84), Fig1A.

Showers: During the 24h study period, 87% of the women showered once, 33% twice and 5%showered a third time, while 89 % of the men showered once, 39 % showered twice, and 9 %had a third shower, Fig 1B.

To obtain comprehensive data on 24h PCP use and urinary levels of phenolic compounds in ahuman biomonitoring study

Materials and methods

Adult volunteers (n=144) in Norway gave detailed information (diaries) on the PCPs used(type/brand of product, time and number of applications and showers, and number of handwashes) during two 24-hour study periods separated by 2-3 weeks. In parallel, 24h urine wascollected and urinary levels of phenolic compounds were analysed using on-line columnswitching ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS-MS).

EuroMix coordinator

Jacob Van Klaveren

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands

jacob.van.klaveren@rivm.nl

This project is funded by the Horizon 2020

Framework Programme of the European Union

Grant Agreement: 633172 – EuroMix. 15 May 2015 – 14 May 2019

Frequently used products: Tooth paste was reported to be used at least once by 95% of thewomen and 87% of the men) > deodorant (86% and 69%) > facial moisturizing cream (71%and 20%) > lip-gloss (43.0 and 0 %), Fig1C.

Phenolic compounds in 24h-urine: Methyl paraben (MEPA), ethyl paraben (ETPA), propylparaben (PRPA), butyl paraben (BUPA), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF)oxybenzone (OXBE) and triclosan (TRCS) were detected in the pooled 24h urine samples, Fig2.

Table1. Correlations between PCP use and urinary levels of phenolic compounds: Phenolic compounds in 24h urine samples in correlation with PCP categories in 144 participants in the EuroMix biomonitoring study. Statistically significant correlations (Pearson correlation coefficient, p<0.05) are denoted with asterisks (*).

PCP use and urinary levels of phenolic compounds: Pairwise correlations were foundbetween the use of all products, body lotion, anti-wrinkle cream and hand cream and 24hurine levels of oxybenzone (OXBE). Furthermore there was a pairwise correlation between theuse of foundation and urinary levels of bisphenol F (BPF), the use of lip gloss and ethyl paraben(ETPA) and the use of hand cream and propyl paraben (PRPA) ( p<0.05), Table 1.

SOT # 2386

MEPA ETPA PRPA BUPA BPA BPS BPF OXBE TRCSAll products -0.0190 0.0577 0.1213 0.0542 0.0319 -0.0660 0.0477 0.2628* -0.0917

0.8213 0.4920 0.1491 0.5186 0.7049 0.4322 0.5701 0.0015 0.2744

Deodorants -0.0198 0.0984 0.0425 0.0446 -0.0873 -0.0587 0.0982 0.0529 -0.0236

0.8143 0.2423 0.6157 0.5972 0.3018 0.4860 0.2433 0.5307 0.7797

Face wash -0.0471 -0.0428 0.0556 0.0656 0.0402 -0.0746 0.1056 0.1607 0.0342

0.5762 0.6118 0.5108 0.4363 0.6345 0.3758 0.2094 0.0552 0.6854

Facial moisturizer -0.0682 0.0829 0.1062 0.1432 0.0733 -0.0991 0.1483 0.0746 -0.1022

0.4186 0.3248 0.2083 0.0879 0.3857 0.2390 0.0771 0.3759 0.2244

Body lotion -0.0494 -0.0527 0.0579 0.0247 0.0294 -0.0737 -0.0643 0.1858* -0.0687

0.5579 0.5319 0.4938 0.7693 0.7288 0.3817 0.4456 0.0263 0.4152

Anti-wrinkle cream -0.0123 -0.0100 0.0503 -0.0297 -0.0263 -0.0138 -0.0504 0.2017* -0.0329

0.8843 0.9057 0.5524 0.7245 0.7556 0.8704 0.5497 0.0157 0.6964

Sun screen -0.0129 -0.0116 0.0775 -0.0220 0.0271 -0.0330 -0.0424 0.0187 -0.0272

0.8785 0.8909 0.3591 0.7938 0.7490 0.6960 0.6152 0.8241 0.7472

Mouth wash -0.0145 -0.0208 0.0960 -0.0556 -0.1307 -0.0470 -0.0719 -0.0811 -0.0448

0.8633 0.8056 0.2558 0.5092 0.1209 0.5770 0.3932 0.3355 0.5949

Tooth paste -0.0981 0.1037 0.0362 -0.0086 -0.0747 0.0146 -0.0837 0.0403 -0.0267

0.2437 0.2177 0.6693 0.9188 0.3772 0.8622 0.3205 0.6324 0.7517

Perfume 0.0600 -0.0398 0.0899 0.0713 -0.0511 0.0213 0.1160 0.0258 -0.0727

0.4766 0.6366 0.2874 0.3973 0.5462 0.8006 0.1676 0.7596 0.3884

Lip gloss 0.1074 0.1973* 0.1097 0.0359 0.0847 0.0157 -0.0606 0.0950 -0.0387

0.1999 0.0178 0.1921 0.6694 0.3145 0.8515 0.4706 0.2572 0.6449

Foundation 0.1001 -0.0209 0.0898 0.0960 0.0325 -0.0237 0.2012* 0.1405 -0.0554

0.2341 0.8048 0.2880 0.2540 0.7010 0.7784 0.0160 0.0941 0.5114

Hand cream -0.0166 -0.0175 0.2447* -0.0014 0.0461 -0.0611 -0.0603 0.2160* -0.0424

0.8435 0.8346 0.0032 0.9866 0.5849 0.4673 0.4727 0.0093 0.6142

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Fig2. Phenolic compounds in 24h urine: Mean (±SEM) concentrations (ng/ml) of phenolic compounds detected in pooled 24h urine samples from 100 women (red bars) and 44 men (blue bars). Urine concentrations were adjusted for specific gravity.

The use of personal care products, such as body lotion, anti-wrinkle cream, lip gloss and hand cream, correlated with urinary levels of several phenolic compounds. The human biomonitoring study in EuroMix provide detailed information on PCP use, which is essential for the upcoming assessment for aggregated exposure of chemicals.

The authors declare no conflict of interests

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Number of showers in 24h

Fig1. Detailed 24h-registration of personal care product (PCP) use in 100 women (red bars) and 44 men (blue bars) in the EuroMix biomonitoring study. A) Mean number of PCPs applied, B) Percentage (%) of participants having 1-3 showers, and C) PCP main categories arranged after the products most frequently used.

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Foundation

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Deodorant

Tooth paste

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