7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

1/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

read: Roach Chapter 10

We first ask: is the word simple,complex or compound?

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

2/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple

Complex

Compound:

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

3/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny,return, cotton, potato

Complex

Compound

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

4/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny,return, cotton, potato

Complex : bound or unbound stem with

bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes orsuffixes): singer, goodness, unlock,

capable, conversation

Compound

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

5/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny,return, cotton, potato

Complex : bound or unbound stem with

bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes orsuffixes): singer, goodness, unlock,

capable, conversation

Compound: more than one unbound

morpheme: greenhouse, handbag,

overcast, whitewash

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

6/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple: complicated rules, manyexceptions

Complex: fairly simple and fixed rules(see Roach)

Compound: fairly simple rules, not

many exceptions (see Roach)

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

7/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple: complicated rules, manyexceptions

I know of no simple or exceptionless set of rules,but try googling word stress:

http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresst

ext.html

http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtml

http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresstext.htmlhttp://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresstext.htmlhttp://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtmlhttp://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtmlhttp://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtmlhttp://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtmlhttp://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresstext.htmlhttp://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresstext.html

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

8/25

1. SIMPLE WORDS

We have to consider the following:

the phonological structure of the syllable the number of syllables

the grammatical category

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

9/25

1. SIMPLE WORDS

Phonological structure: 'heavy' and 'light'

syllables

A 'heavy' syllable

contains a long (tense) vowel or a diphthong

OR

ends in more than one consonant.

Otherwise the syllable is light.

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

10/25

1. SIMPLE WORDS

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

11/25

1. SIMPLE WORDS

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

12/25

1. SIMPLE WORDS

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

13/25

1. SIMPLE WORDS

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

14/25

Word Stress - Guidelines

Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny,return, cotton, potato

Complex : bound or unbound stem with

bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes orsuffixes): singer, goodness, unlock,

capable, conversation

Compound: more than one unbound

morpheme: greenhouse, handbag,

overcast, whitewash

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

15/25

2. Complex Words

Roach, Chapter 11

Unclear distinction, not always useful

legal illegallawful unlawful

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

16/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

stem + affix (prefix, infix, suffix) Is the affix productive (=common, can be

applied to new words) ?

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

17/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

Suffixes:

1. Have no effect:comfort + able, wonder + ful-age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

18/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

Suffixes:

1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern

3. Take the stress themeselves

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

19/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

Suffixes:

1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern

3. Take the stress themeselves

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

20/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

Suffixes:

1. Have no effectcomfort - able, wonder - ful

-age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

21/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

Suffixes:

1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern.

attract the stress to the syllable before

the suffixphoto - graphy, perfect ion, tranquil ity

-eous, -ious, -ial, -ic, -ive

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

22/25

2. Complex Words: suffixes

Roach, Chapter 11

Suffixes:

1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern

3. Take the stress themeselves

refugee, mountaineer, Portuguese,cigarette, picturesque

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

23/25

3. Complex words: two stems

Roach, Chapter 11

suitcase, sunrise, toothbrush

tooth-brush, car-ferry, hay-fever, Web page, hay fever, summer time

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

24/25

3. Complex words: two stems

Roach, Chapter 11

Variable stress

its upstairs, an upstairs bedroomhes bad-tempered, a bad-tempered man

7/29/2019 24 Word Stress (1)

25/25

3. Complex words: two stems

Roach, Chapter 11

Word-class pairs, p110

insult, objet, protest, record