15

2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    11

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia
Page 2: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Barriers Isolate China Ocean, mountains, deserts isolate China from other areas

Page 3: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia
Page 4: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

River Systems Huang He (“Yellow River”) in north, Yangtze in south

Huang He leaves loess—fertile silt—when it floods

Page 5: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Environmental Challenges Huang He floods can devour whole villages Geographic isolation means lack of trade; must be self‐sufficient

China’s Heartland North China Plain, area between two rivers, center of civilization

Page 6: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia Dynasty Yu’s flood control system tames Huang He Shang Dynasty, 1700 to 1027 B.C.E., first to leave written records

Page 7: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Early Cities Built cities of wood, such as Anyang—one of its capital cities Upper classes live inside city; poorer people live outside Shang cities have massive walls for military defense

Page 8: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Chinese Civilization Sees China as center of world; views others as uncivilized

The group is more important than the individual Family Family is central social institution; respect for parents a virtue

Elder males control family property Women expected to obey all men, even sons

Social Classes King and warrior‐nobles lead society and own the land

Page 9: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Religious Beliefs Spirits of dead ancestors can affect family fortunes

Oracle bones used to consult gods; supreme god, Shang Di▪ Priests scratch questions on animal bones and toroise shells

Page 10: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Development of Writing Writing system uses symbols to represent syllables, not ideas People of different languages can use same system Huge number of characters make system difficult to learn

Page 11: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia
Page 12: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

The Zhou Take Control In 1027 B.C., Zhou Dynasty takes control of China

Mandate of Heaven The belief that a just ruler had divine approval Developed as justification for change in power to Zhou Dynastic Cycle—pattern of the rise and decline of dynasties

Page 13: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Control Through Feudalism Feudalism—system where kings give land to nobles in exchange for services Over time, nobles grow in power and begin to fight each other

Page 14: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

Improvements in Technology and Trade Zhou Dynasty builds roads, canals to improve transportation

Uses coins to make trade easier

Produces cast iron tools and weapons; food production increases

Page 15: 2.4 River Dynasties in China - Ms. Freeman's Webmonicafreeman.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/9/5/85950796/02.4...The First Dynasties Around 2000 B.C.E., cities arise; Yu, first ruler of Xia

A period of Warring States Peaceful, stable Zhou empire rules from around 1027 to 256 B.C. In 771 B.C.E., nomads sack the Zhou capital, murder monarch Luoyang becomes new capital, but internal wars destroy traditions