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8/3/2019 24 Hour Hazwoper
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24 HOUR
HAZARDOUSWASTE
OPERATIONS
TRAINING
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Agenda
Day One
Regulations
Engineering Controls
Hazard Recognition
Chemical Toxicology
Biological andRadiological Toxicology
Personal ProtectiveEquipment
Day Two
Medical Surveillance
Monitoring and
SamplingDecontamination
Safe Work Practices
Confined Space
Handling drums andother containers
Transportation ofHazardous Wastes
Emergency Procedures
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Agenda
Day ThreeDecontamination
ReviewTabletop
Identification andHazard
AssessmentTabletop
Drill/Exercise
Written Test
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Introduction
What is HAZWOPER?
Hazardous Waste Sites
Treatment, Storage and Disposal SitesEmergency Response regardless of location
OSHA/EPA
Colorado Department of Public Health andthe Environment.
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Introduction
Training Requirements
40 Hours off-site + 3 day on- site
Who? Why?24 Hours off-site + 1 day on- site
Who? Why?
8 Hour SupervisorWho? Why?
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Environmental Laws
CERCLARCRA
SARA
TSCA
40
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CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental ResponseCompensation Liability Act
Commonly referred to as the the Superfundlaw, requires cleanup of releases ofhazardous substances in the air, water,groundwater, and on the land.
Both new spills and leaking or abandoneddumpsites are covered.
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RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery ActEffective October 21,1976, with three distinct
goals.To protect human health and the environment
To reduce waste and conserve energy andnatural resources
To reduce or eliminate the generation of
hazardous waste as efficiently and quickly aspossible
Governs wastes from cradle to grave
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SARA
Superfund Amendments andReauthorization Act
Effective 1986, Gave more authority to theEPA and reauthorized funding
Mandated OSHA to develop health andsafety standards for hazardous wasteworkers. (HAZWOPER regulations)
SARA Title III - Community Right to Know
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TSCA
Toxic Substance Control Act
Sets standards for the manufacturing,
handling and use of toxic chemicals.Requires employees to be trained on the
hazards associated with handling and use oftoxic chemicals.
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OSHAREGULATIONS
O ti l S f t
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Occupational Safety
and Health ACT
Effective April 28, 1971
Requires:
All workers have a safe and healthy workenvironment.
All employers to take steps to protect
employees from recognized hazards oreliminate such hazards.
Provides employee rights andresponsibilities.
Rights &
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Rights &
Responsibilities
Rights
To a safe work place
To request aninspection
To requestinformation on safetyand health hazards in
the work place
To exercise yourrights withoutdiscrimination
Responsibilities
Comply with all OSHAStandards
Follow all safety rules andwear appropriate PPE
Report hazardousconditions to your
supervisor
Report any illness orinjury promptly
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OSHA
Four Categories of Standards
Design Standards
Performance StandardsVertical Standards
Horizontal Standards
29 CFR 1910.120 paragraphs(b) through (o)
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OSHA Regulations
29 CFR 1910
29 CFR 1926
Ventilation
Noise
Ionizing RadiationHazardous Materials
PPE
Fire Protection
Material Handling
Electrical
Trenching
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29 CFR 1910.120
Hazardous Waste Sites
Superfund Sites
Corrective action/Clean up at RCRA SitesVoluntary Clean up recognized by
Governmental agencies
Treatment, Storage and Disposal SitesEmergency Response
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HAZWOPER Standard
Scope, Applicationand Definitions
Safety and HealthProgramSite Characterization
Site Control
TrainingMedical Surveillance
Engineering Controls
Monitoring
InformationalPrograms
Handling Drums andContainers
Decontamination
EmergencyResponse
Illumination
Sanitation
New Technology
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Safety & Health Program
Organizational Structure
Comprehensive Work plan
Site-Specific Health and Safety Plans (HASP)Health and Safety Training Program
Medical Surveillance Program
Standard Operating Procedures
Coordination/Interface Procedures
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Site-Specific Plan
Key Personnel
Health and SafetyRisk Analysis
Site ControlMeasures
Training Assignments
Medical SurveillanceRequirements
Personal ProtectiveEquipment
Air and EmployeeMonitoring
Spill Containment
Confined SpaceProcedures
DecontaminationProcedures
Emergency ResponsePlan
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SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
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Requirements
Found in Paragraph (c)
Topics
Preliminary evaluation Hazard identification
Required information
Personal protective equipment
Monitoring
Risk identification
Employee notification
OFF SITE
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OFF - SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
Performed prior to entry
Divided in two parts:
- Interview/RecordsSearch
- PerimeterReconnaissance
ON SITE
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ON - SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
Purpose is to verify
and supplement
information obtained
from off-site survey.
ON SITE
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ON - SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
Types of Containers
Labels or Markings
Condition ofContainers
Condition of Materials
Identify Wind
ShadowsDetermine Potential
Pathways ofDispersion
Indicators of exposure
Safety Hazards
Identify Reactive,Flammable orCorrosive Materials
Collect Samples
Note Land FeaturesNote Natural irritantsPoison Ivy
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Work ZonesWorker Safety
Procedures
Site Map
CommunicationsNetwork
Buddy System
Nearby MedicalFacilities
The Site ControlProgram
Site Control
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Site Map
Compile a site map priorto entry and updatethroughout course ofoperation. Denotechanges, evacuation
routes, problems areas,wind shadows, etc.
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Work Zones
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Site Security
During
Working HoursAnd
Off-duty Hours
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Communication
InternalRadios
NoisemakersBells
Sirens
Visual Signals
Hand SignalsLights
Flags
Flares
External
Off-Site
EmergencyResponse
Site Management
Regulatory
Agencies
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Buddy System
Provide Partner withAssistance
Observe Partner for
signs of Chemical orHeat Exposure
Periodically CheckIntegrity of Partners PPE
Notify Site Manager ifEmergency Assistanceis Needed
Sit P ti
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Site Preparation
This can be ashazardous as sitecleanup
Some major steps thatneed to be implemented
- Roadways
- Traffic Flow- Building Construction
- Work Zone
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Safe Work Procedures
Engineering
ControlsSafe Work
Procedures
Standing Orders
SAFE WORKPROCEDURES
Confined SpaceProcedure
Personal ProtectiveEquipment
Lock Out-Tag OutProcedures
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Medical Facilities
Nearest MedicalFacilities
AmbulancesHospitals
Emergency Clinics
PoliceFire
Map
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Risks And Hazards
Hazardous materials present three
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Health
Fire
Reactivity
Hazardous materials present threemain risks:
H lth
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Health
Health hazards are dependent on thematerials involved and the routes of entry.
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Skin Contact
Fi
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Fire
Fires can develop as a result of leaks orspills.
Liquids or vapors that readily ignite cancause burns and other heat relatedinjuries
R ti it
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Reactivity
Some chemicals will react when place incontact with others.
Reactions can vary from generation oftoxic gases to polymerization to violentexplosions.
Due to the threat of explosions, reactivityis the most feared.
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Identification AndHazard Assessment
A t
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Assessment
The MOST critical aspect of a hazardoussubstance response is the identification of
the substances and a thoroughassessment of the hazards that arepresented.
You cant manage the site/incident if you
cant identify and assess the problem.
Id tifi ti
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Identification
Information Sources:M.S.D.S.
Placards and Labels
Shipping Papers
Reference Guides
Technical Information Centers
NFPA 704 System
Computer Data Bases
Other (Monitoring results, witnesses,process knowledge, etc.)
Assessment
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Assessment
This process is the basis for the selection ofPPE, control measures, engineering controls,monitoring devices, decontamination methods,disposal and everything associated with thisincident/site.
At least three sources are preferred to perform
an identification and hazard assessment.
Key Acronyms
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Key Acronyms
BP=Boiling point
FP=Flash point
IT=Ignition temperature
FR=Flammable rangeLFL(LEL) and UFL(UEL)=Upper and Lower
Flammable (Explosive) limits
SG=Specific Gravity
VD=Vapor Density
VP=Vapor PressureSol=Solubility
Ch i l T i l
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Chemical Toxicology
Toxicologythe degree to
which a chemicalor substance has aharmful effect onhumans or other
living things.
Based oninformation
gained from:Epidemiological
studies
Animal Studies
Ch i l T i l
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Chemical Toxicology
Routes of Entry
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection
Contact
Ch i l T i l
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Chemical Toxicology
DoseIt is the dose that
kills not the
material.Water is toxic at a
certain dose aswell as table salt.
Synergistic EffectsAsbestos &
Smoking
LD50 and LC50
The amount of material thatresults in the deaths of 50%
of a sample group oflaboratory animals
R di l i l T i l
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Radiological Toxicology
Ionizing
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron
Non-ionizing
Radiant heat
Lasers
Ultraviolet light
Radio waves
R di l i l T i l
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Radiological Toxicology
AlphaLargest particle
Stopped by
paper/clothingHealth hazard if
inhaled or ingested
Only travel a fewcentimeters in theair.
Beta
Smaller particles andthey travel further
Stopped by thin metal,a thickness of wood,plastic or glass.
Health hazard to theskin, eyes and internalorgans if ingested orinhaled
R di l i l T i l
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Radiological Toxicology
Gamma
Most dangerous
NO mass, just pure energy
Travel great distances
Will pass through the human bodyand interact with living cells
Stopped by lead, concrete, and otherdense materials
R di l i l T i l
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Radiological Toxicology
Measuring/Monitoring
RAD - radiation absorbeddose
REM - roentgenequivalent man
mrad/hr, rad/hr ormrem/hr, rem/hr
What measuring devicesdo you have?
Protection
Time
Distance
Shielding
As Low AsReasonably
Achievable (ALARA)
Toxicology
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Toxicology
Acute vs. Chronic
Kind of material, concentration, and physicalstate
Type of toxinDose
Duration of exposure
Frequency of exposure
Personal tolerances (dose/response)
Target Organs of toxin
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Personal ProtectiveEquipment (PPE)
Written PPE Program
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Written PPE Program
Number of person-hours that workerswill wear various PPE
Levels of exposure
Adequacy of the PPE
Operational
GuidelinesTraining and Fitting
Procedures
Decon, cleaning,inspection,maintenance and
storage proceduresAccident and Illness
experience
Selection Procedures
Respiratory Equipment
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Respiratory Equipment
Air purifyingrespirators
Air supplyingrespiratorsSupplied Air
Respirator(SAR)
Self-containedBreathingApparatus(SCBA)
Air Supplying Respirators
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Air Supplying Respirators
SCBA
Positive or Negative Pressure
Open Circuit
Time limitations
Closed Circuit
Weight
SAR
Positive PressureEscape SCBA
Air line length
300 feet
Air Purifying Respirators
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Air Purifying Respirators
Powered Air-PurifyingRespirator
Positive Pressure
Full Face/Half FaceRespirator
Negative Pressure
Particulate Filter
SorbentCartridges/Canisters
Combination
PPE Selection
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PPE Selection
Based on Hazardassessment.
Compatible with
exposure.Sufficient
durability.
Temperature
effects.Decon Methods
PermeationChemical/material moves
through protective clothing.
DegradationLoss of or change in the
fabrics chemical resistance.
Penetration
Movement of contaminatesthrough zippers, seams,tears, etc.
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
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EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Emergency alarm signals
Puncture wounds, scrapes or
abrasions
Halon discharge
Sickness
Air supply disruption
Level A PPE
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Level A PPE
Highest Protection Provided for:
Respiratory Tract
Skin
Eyes
Level A Equipment
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Level A Equipment
Recommended: SCBA or SAR Totally Encapsulating
Chem.Resistant Suit Chem. Resistant Inner&Outer Gloves & Boots
Optional: Cooling Unit Coveralls Hard Hat Disposable Gloves Boot Covers
Level B PPE
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Level B PPE
Maximum RespiratoryProtection
Lesser Degree of SkinProtection
Minimal Level
Recommended forInitial Site Entry UntilHazards Are Identified
Level B Equipment
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RECOMMENDED: SCBA or Supplied-Air
Respirator with Escape SCBA Chem. Resistant Clothing
Chem.Resistant Inner and OuterGloves & Boots
OPTIONAL: Hard Hat
Coveralls Face shield Disposable Gloves Boot Covers Long Cotton Underwear
Level B Equipment
Level C PPE
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Same skin protection asLevel B PPE
Lesser degree ofrespiratory protection,the contaminates areknown.
Air Purifying Respirators(APRs) with compatible
cartridges.
Level C PPE
Level C PPE
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RECOMMENDED: Air Purifying Respirator (APR) Chem. Resistant Clothing Chem.Resistant Inner and Outer Gloves & Boots
OPTIONAL: Hard Hat Coveralls Face shield
Disposable Gloves Boot Covers Long Cotton Underwear
Level C PPE
Level D PPE
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Minimal Skin Protection
No Respiratory ProtectionNormal work clothes, fire fighting
turnout gear are level D
Level D PPE
Level D PPE
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RECOMMENDED: Hard Hat Coveralls Safety Glasses
Safety shoesOPTIONAL: Hearing protection Face shield Disposable Gloves
Boot Covers Long Cotton Underwear
Level D PPE
Limitations
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Each level of PPE has limitations.Visibility
Mobility
Heat StressProtection
All PPE must be compatible with the
substance that you are working with,based on hazard assessment.
Medical Surveillance
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ed ca Su e a ce
Protection of Employees Health
Detecting pre-existing disease or medicalconditions that may place an employee
performing certain tasks in risk.
Minimizing individual exposures at theworkplace, so that the disease process is
never initiated.
Medical Surveillance
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Site Medical ProgramComponents
Surveillance
Treatment
Record keeping
Program review
Medical Surveillance
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Pre-employment screenings
Periodic medical exams
Follow up exams
After injury or overexposure Exam after notifying employer of
symptoms which may be relatedto exposure.
Termination exam
Medical Surveillance
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AffectedEmployeesEmployees who are, or
may be exposed toPELs of hazardoussubstances or healthhazards for 30 days ormore per year
Employees who weara respirator for 30 daysor more per year
Members of organizedHAZMAT teams
Employees who areinjured as a result ofoverexposure during asite emergency or whoshow symptoms of illnessthat may have resultedfrom overexposure tohazardous substances.
Monitoring & Sampling
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g p g
HazardousAtmospheres
Explosive
Toxic
Oxygen deficient
Oxygen enriched
Radioactive
Monitoring & Sampling
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g p g
Identify and quantifyairborne contaminantson and off site.
Track changes in aircontaminants thatoccur over the lifetimeof the incident.
Assist in defining workzones
Ensure proper selectionof work practices andengineering controls.
Determine the level ofworker protectionneeded
Identify additionalmedical monitoringneeds
Monitoring & Sampling
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g p g
Direct ReadingInstruments
Multi-gas
detectors
Dose-rate meters
Colormetric tubes
PID
LaboratoryAnalysis
Gas sampling
bags
Filters
Sorbents
Wet collectionmethods
Monitoring & Sampling
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g p g
Perimeter monitoring
Zone requirements
Periodic monitoring
Work in a different area
Different operations, i.e.demolition vs. collection
Different contaminants
Obvious liquidcontamination, spills orlagoons
Personal Monitoring
High risk employees
Area samples
Industrial hygienetechniques
Medical surveillancerequirements
Illumination
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FOOT AREA ORCANDLES OPERATIONS
5
3
5
10
30
General Site
Excavation, Storage
Warehouses, Tunnels
General Shops
Offices
Sanitation
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Potable Water
Nonpotable Water
Toilet facilities
Food handling
Washing facilities
Shower and change
rooms
Safe Work Practices
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Confined Space Procedures
Control of hazardous energy (Lock out)
Fall Protection
Material/Waste Handling
Confined Space
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Limited entry and exit
Large enough and soconfigured to allow a
person to enter andperform work
Not design forcontinuous humanoccupancy
Confined Space
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Permit RequiredContains or has the
potential to contain a
hazardous atmospherePotential for engulfment
Inwardly converging walls
Any other recognized
serious safety or healthhazard.
Confined Space
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TrainingRequirements
Entrant
Attendant
Supervisor
Rescue Team
Permit RequirementsDefine the work
Evaluate all hazards
Monitoringrequirements
Protection from allhazards
Names and numberof entrants
ETC.
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Material Handling
Hazards
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Detonation
Fires
Explosions
Vapor Generation
Physical Injury
Drum Handling
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29 CFR 1910 and 1926 contain OSHAstandards for chemical containersand their handling.
40 CFR 265 contains EPArequirements for waste containersand storage areas.
49 CFR 171-178 (DOT) specifiescontainer standards and shippingprocedures for hazardous wastes.
Drum Inspection
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Monitor conditions in theimmediate vicinity of drums.
Perform visual inspection ofdrums.
Classify drums intopreliminary hazardcategories.
Drum Inspection
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Look for:
Symbols, words, marksindicating contents.
Signs of deterioration.
Signs that the drum isunder pressure.
Drum type. Configuration of
drum head.
Handling
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The purpose of handling is to:
Respond to any obvious safety problems
Unstack and orient drums for sampling
Organize drums into different areas
Planning
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A preliminary plan should contain:
Extent of handling necessary
Personnel selected for the job
Appropriate procedures based on the
hazards associated with the probable
drumcontents
Types Of Containers
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Radioactive Waste Explosive or Shock
Sensitive
Waste Bulging Drums Lab Pack Drums Leaking, Open and
Deteriorated Drums Buried Drums
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Decontamination
Purpose Of Decon
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Cleans PPE & equipment
Protects workers
Prevents further contamination
Protects environment
Protects community
Zones
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6 5 4 3 2 1
HOTLINE
Outer Glove
Removal
Boot Cover
Removal
Tape
Removal
Boot Cover &
Glove Rinse
Boot Cover &
Glove Wash
Segregated
Equipment Drop
EXCLUSION ZONE
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MAXIMUMDECONTAMINATION
LAYOUT
7
8
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 19
CONT AMINATION
CONTROL LINE
Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Inner Glove Removal
Face Piece Removal
Redress
Suit/Boot/Glove Rinse
Inner Glove Wash
Inner Clothing Removal
Inner Glove Rinse
Splash Suit Removal
Safety Boot Removal
Field Wash
Canister
or
Mask
Change
9
SUPPORT ZONE
Level B Protection
CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE
11 SCBA Backpack Removal
Decon Methods
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Physical
Chemical
Combination
Health And Safety
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Decontamination methods may:
Be incompatible with hazardous
substances.
Be incompatible with equipment.
Pose a direct health hazard to workers.
Decon Equipment
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Generally selected based on availability
Tanks
Brushes
Buckets
Storage Containers
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Spill Response
Assume that
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ALL SPILLED MATERIALSARE DANGEROUS
Fighting A Spill
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Chemical Inactivation
and
Absorption
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Tabletop Drill
Map
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Storm Drain
Drums
ABANDONED
VEHICLE