24 Eruptive History of Mayon Volcano 1985

5/24/2018 24 Eruptive History of Mayon Volcano 1985

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ERUPTIVE HISTORY O MAYON VOLCANO.PHILIPPINES 'SIISDI C Ramos Villarta. mesto G. eorplIL alldChristopher G N ~ w a f l

BSTR CT

Mayon Vokann is an ai.:tive andesitic volcano in the eastern (Bieol)volcanic chain. and has erupled 44 limes over approxim:llt1y 400 yurs nfrecorllell histuty. Of these enJptions more than half CJuseli JoS of life l ITserious lIamage 10 rropt'rly . In addilion. lahars unrelaled 10 volcanic aClivityha vt occurred at leut 7 lime s.The volcano i.:u nsisu uf basaltic 10 andesitic lava nows. pyroclasticnow and debris now deposits. and tephra fall deposits. Except or the 1814Plinian erupt ion. all other h i ~ t o r i e l eruptions have been Vulcanian or Strombolian. Two common eruptive sequences are recognized : some eruptionsbegin with milll e.o:plosions and light tephra fall. intensify \0 include pyrocl astic nows. anll end wilh lava c.o:\fusion (e.g . the 1969 eruption). whereasother eruptions begin with quiet emission of lava and end with explosiveejection ofpyroclaslic materials (e .g the 1984 eruption).

The volcano's nearperfect symmetry implies that most ofitstruptionshave be< n from a central vent. thu pyroclastic ejecta are distribu led more orless uniformly around all sec tors of the volcano. and Ihal no recent eruptionsha ve been large enough 10 destroy Ihal symmetry.INTRODUCTION

Mayon Volcano ( 13] 5.4'N. 12341.1' E) is an active andesitic.volcano located in the province of Albay in southeastern Luzon(Fig. I . It rises 2462 m above sea level and covers an area (' r 250sq. km. Its base .circumrerence is 63 km. encompassing the townsor $to. Domin ;o. Malilipot and Camalig. 'n,ese and outlying townshave a combined population of more than 800.000 (1980 census).

The volcano's pre-1984 crater was funnel-shaped, 150 Inacross and 15-30 m deep, and noored with rubble, altered rocks.and volcanic sublimates. Numerous fumaroles within and justoutside the crater continUOUS ly emit a gas plume. Slopes from the


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,,- " COlOUMUT_N

SCALE

LUZON S

. _ L...... _ .'Fig. t Local ion mllJl of Mllyon ~ h ( ) w i n g major v o l c ~ o i c ('lI leTS, and eXI('nl of

d ( p o ~ l s in the wu t hea.>ie-01 VolrnnicCh3in. Solid trillng1es_ volca nO( .. with know . '("ent lle- tivit y;


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THE GEOLOGIC RECORD OF PREHISTOR IC ERUPT IVEACTIVITY

Maytlll Volr.:"no nlnsis ts of 1I ~ \ I ~ ~ ' c s s i o r l o f hasal tic 10 ;IIHlcs i-tic lava nows, and pyroclast ic now, lahar. airfall teph ra. am i !:llm;deposi ts. Various types of t l e p m i l ~ occur on different parts o f tIll'cone ta h .. predorninalr" on the Sleep uppe r slopes. and lavanow"" uom inalr the mi ddl e slopes Pyroclastic now (kposilsoccur from ahout 1000 c il'vallon dowtlw;ml, ;uc a major comI>onenl o f a pyrodaslrc apron from ~ O O 7 5 III eleYation, and inal least one Ills lancc nC;H 510 Domingo. extend to the sea. Lah;JT

d ( ' r o q l ~ O ( ~ ' l I l at thl' I(HH'SI c k v a l i o l l ~ , rC;'I1.:hinp. down (0 ;J1lI1po.... 'hly bi'hm


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Vo lu me of Ejrcta3

Year of EruptionS O ~ 106m

1938IQ28

3S 106m31947 S x 106m31968 35 106m3978 20 J 106m3

70 , 106m3 (M agaJiI Rue lo,198S)984Tabl" \ : Volume or mal erials added 10 thr cont ofMlyon Yo klno

On the other hand. Punongbayan fl985) proposes ano therapproac h to estima te the minim um max imum and ma ximum ageso f a given volcanic edifice. Thi s based primar il y on the :lssumplion that only Ihe major eruptio ns of a volcano contribute sign incantly to the huilding of li S l'OllC. Thc required critical data arcthe tOlal volume of ejec ta as represented by the volcano edince.volu me of ('jec ta per major erupl ion, and repose period be tweenmajor eru ptiom App lying this for Mayon Volcano an estimatedage o f 52.000 ycars for max imum ..ge and 14.000 years fat ilsminimum maxlInum age were ob taul('d. Based on his proposedtechnique for eSl irnal1ng the age of acl lve volcanoes. he came outwi th 24.000 yea rs as Ihe probab le age of Mayan Volcano.PETROLOGIC VARIAT ION IN PREVIOUS ERUPTIONS OFMAYON

PrOllu cls of Ma yon's r u p t i o n ~ have been remarkably uniform basa lt u,: allliesite. wi th bulk Si0 2 co ntent typica lly betweenS3 and 56 perC< nl. However. occasiona l basaltic eruptions fo llowe 1 by returns to anrlcsite u ~ ..t tha t basa lt ic ma gma is suppliedin hatches 10 a ..hallow re se rvOir heneath Mayon. app roxim:llelyonce every century. and is differentiated to basaltic a l l d e ~ i t eand a l l d e ~ i during succeed in g decades (Newhall. 1979) . Themost recent inOuxes o f basa lt ic magma occ urred shortly beforeeru ptions 111 18 14 and 1881 -82 (N eWhall. \979). Pr oducts of the1984 eruption an' basalt IC l l d C ~ l I e ve ry similar to those of the1968 and 97R erupt Ions. and show no eVIdence of a fresh Influxof basal tICmagma.

HISTORICAL ERUPTIONS OF MAYON VOLCANOSince the first reco rded eruption in 1616. Mayon Volcanohas cm ptcd a totaJ o f 44 limes. most recently in J984. Beca useMayon's [ower slopes are densely populated, numerous Ijves and

properties have been lost during and following eruptio ns. Exceptfor one un usually explosive Plin ia n eruption in 18 14 , early andrecent hi storical eruptions have been dominantly Vulcani: n,producing airfall lapi1li and ash, pyroclas ti c flows, aa lava nows,and frequent, rain- trigge red laha rs (hot h during and follOwingeruptions). Major post-eruption lahars have occurred at leas 7times ove r the period of record.

Mayan's erup t ions are usually preceded by one or more ofIhe following precursory signs.a) Volcanic earthquakes and ground tilt.b) Fissuring at or nea r the crater;c) A notable in crease in the incidence o f rockfalls in the

summit area;d)Change in colo r of st ea m emission from white to bro wnor light gray. as a sma ll amoun t of ash is incorporated intothe emission;

e) Increase in the volume o f steam emission:f) Rumb ling sounds, from gas explosions or venti ng, ea rthquakes. or other processes.g) Crater glow: andh) Abnormal animal behavior. such as descenl of wild pigsand other wi ld animals int o populated areas.

The historica l record o f Ma yan eruptions follows. and is alsogiven in tabu lar form in the appendix .1616 : February 1923

Th e ea rl iest recorded eruption of Mayo n Volcano (Spilber.gen, 1639). The eruption was characterized by several rivers offire." thick .... moke... ash. sand, incandescen t materials andbombs accompanied by vio lent ea rthquakes.1766. July 20 - 25

This was the first eruption to be described at length. LeGentil (1779-l781) mentioned a column of fire" 10-15 m hIgh.


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accompanied by a high ash column. Aidan tephra was blown to ward the e ~ At least one pyroclas tic now was described asfa lling a torrent of lava rushing down the cast side of thevolcano which, upon Teac hing the sea, carried a great ~ p l a y of

fi rewo rks." At least one lava flow occu rred, a river of hot Tock sthat poured f rOIll the crater and descended the eastern slopes fortwo days. Crater glow was o h ~ e r v e d fo r four months.1766 : October 23-24

A destructive nonvolca111C lahar was triggered by heavytyphoon r:lin e The town of Mahn;lIl W:l


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11101845: January 21 (Abella, 1883) or Jan \9 -20 (Martinez, 1859)

TIle eruption began with a small ash ejection last ing for 10minutes preceded by loud subterranean noises which continllcrifor one week after the start of the eruption (Abella, 1883 :Faustino, I n()). Explosive pyroclastic eruptions at 15-30 minuteintervals followed, which continued for a few days (Abella, 1883).Heavy ash f;111 blown by the northeasterly wind, darkened thetowns of Call1alig, Guillooatall and Ligao. At least one of the ashclouds was mushroom-shaped and contained pumice. Accounts ofred hot sand Espinas, 1978) and 1:1V:l nows running down theravines probably refer to pyroclastic nowsand subsequent lahars.

1846 _May II111is event was a strong ash eruption with clouds of smokeoverlain hy a black cloud of a ~ h E s J l i n a ~ , 1978). Approximately12 cm of ash fell on the town of Camali : . Crater glow continued

for many I11ghts after the eruption18'it : May 26-June

Two minor ash eruptions, accompanied by violent tremors.1853: July 13 - u g u ~ t 26

A major eruption. preceded by loud subterranean noisesbut not by felt earthquakes . At approximately IIOOH. an im-mense column of ash rose from the crater and spread at its topinto a tree -like shape. At the same time, incandescent rocks rolledfrom the summit to the base of the volcano. Ashfall and probablepyroclastic nows hit Cama lig and Guinobatan, leaving them intotal darkness and killing about 34 persons (Selga. 1937).

On July 27 a major lahar, as much as 4 III deep in the NasisiRiver, changed the course of that river and covered large areas ofLigao. Oas. and Polangui.On AIlgust 20th, from 1400H to 1800H, coarse ash fell inMalilipot. Bacacay, llbog. Guinobalan. Camalig. Cagsaua. andAlbay (legalpi), leaving thcm in total darkness for a little over

three hours. No mention was madc of nows of incandescentvolcanic materials, nor casualties.

1855: March 22FollowlIlg crater glow, a minor eruption with incandescent

ash, fire which spread out in the air in the form of very finethreads of gold, arid small intermit tent lava flows. An earthquake was felt in Manila on this same day (Espinas. 1978), but itis unlikely that the earthquake and eruption were related.1857 : (?)

An ash eruption as reported by Hochstetter (1859).1858 : January to December

TIle initial outburst was lava fountaining which rosc up to I SOm above the crater rim. Considerable activity occurred for tenmonths consisting of quiet flows of lava from the crater, and in candescent materials rolling down the sides of the volcano withemissions of small quantities of ashes at the crater. Entire forestsand plantations were destroyed, and many people dicd from malnutrition and poor sanitation in the evacuation centers. Laharswere reported by Neumann van Padang (1953).

n 1858 or 1859, a pillar - (spine) rose just outside the rimof the crater: Jagor (1873) estimated it to be 30-35 m tall, andVon Drasche (1881) estimated it to be 60 m tall. It was subsequently destroyed by the 1892 eruption.1859-1860

During this period, the crater glowed cont inuously.1861

A minor ash eruption described by Faustino (1929) as outbursts of ashes and dust .1862

A minor ash eruption with lahars (Neumann van Padang,1953 ).1868: Decemher 17

An eruption characterized by a large ash cloud and a minornow of red hot rocks, accompanied by loud subterranean sounds


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1312(COMV OL. \975). AIso thousands of stones. like hllhted ha 1\00n5from the top of Mnyon, and lallaTS were reported.1871 - 1872: December R to January

Early III the morning. of DCI:. 8. loud sub tcrranc:l11 noises wereheard. and eruption began between 070011 and 0800H (Faustino,1929), with ;1 hi ,h ash cloud thai rose majestically and then,blown hy thl' l 1 o r t h l ' a ~ t Willll, ~ p r e ; d and ~ h o w e r e d ashes allllaccretionary lapilli towards th e towns of Camalig and (iu inobata n:the eject


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Several houses caught fire, the roofs of other houses c o l 1 a p e ~and 15 peo ple perished . Lahars began in March 1887 and co ntInued for more th n a yea r .188 8 Decemb er 15

were accompanied by ro aTi ngs andTwo mlllor ash eruption srumblings (Faustino, 1929 ).1890 : Septem ber 10 - 30

Small flows of in cand esc ent material or " 'ava " were not ed onth e eastern slopes toward Libog. Then on Sept. 30 : a moderatelystrong ash erup tion occu rred (Coronas, 1898: Faustino, 1929 ) andfl o ws of mo lten materials and incandesce nt rocks al most reachedIhe base ncar the town of Libog (Fallstino, 1929).189 1 October 3 - 18 and December 3

Minor explosions occurred, ano small "c urrents of l a v ~ n oweddown th e SOllth and southwest slopes.1892: February 3 - 29:

Ry January 189 2 the quantit y of ash in the plume wa sgreater than usual. an d on February 3 crater glow wa s ~ s e r v d .The eruption consist ed of explos ive ejection of iapllh, andbombs ever)' 10-20 minutes, accompanied ~ Y I i g h t ~ t n g and sllbterranean noises. Probable pyr oclast ic fl ows rushed down the eastand east-southeast slo pes. On February 20 a la rge portion o f thecrater rim broke off. and by February 24 the cone wa s reportedlylo wered by 100 m. Activity waned hy th e e nd of Ihe month .1893 o ctoher 4 - 23 31

Pr emonit ory noise s were heard on b ~ r 2-3. n o ash, .Iapilli and boml:l ejections , l a h a ~ and "c rce pmg lavas desce ndlllgth e eastern slopes were observed (Faustino, 1929 ). Subl err;!neanno ises were accompanied on October 11 and 18 by strong prolonged tremors.189 5: July 2 Augu st, and November 25 26

A Tmnor ash erupt io n a nd lahar Lightning, and an "e miss io nof ra inwat er from the summit, acco mpanied by un derground

rumblings and a dreadful earthquake." Crater glow throughoutthe month of August , and emission of lava from fissures on theeast side of th e cone during November 25-26.1896 August 31 - , September 27

1llis was another period of minor ash and lava eruptions. andminor lahar s (Coronas, 1898),

1897 : Jun e 4 - July 23On May 23 or possibly earlier, premonitory earthquakes, subterran ean rumblings and crater glo w began . "Dust laden vapors atthe summit and smal1 quantities of lava and molten materials"were extrud ed fro m fiss ures near th e crater. n May 13, a slrongtecto nic earthquake along the Philippine Fault Zone that triggered several rockfalls on the eastern (Sto. Domingo) side of Mayonmight have hastened the June eruption.On June 4 , th e eruption began with a slight emission of ash andincandescent materials which flowed down the eastern slopes. Theemission of ashes and molten materials kept increasing, accompanied by incessan t roarings and rumbl in gs. On the 23rd of June, a" big mass of dark clouds" was seen, and a "multicolored

cloud" or "o son" (pyroclas tic flow) descended towards Sto. Domin go, cau si ng Mayon to appear as a "glowing mountain" (M.P.,1897). On the 25 th, th e eruption became even more violent. Therewere "flames from the crater," thunder, lightning and flying incandescent stones accompanied by the flow of ashes and sands (pro-bable pyroclastic flows), and "some cloud s o f ash and dust reached Albay (Lega zv i) bu t only for a short while," and the glowingavalanche reached as far as the seashore of Sto, Domingo (M.P.,1897).

Several barrios were completely overwh elmed. as were portion s of San Fernando and San Roque. Other "rivers of lava"rushed toward the barrios of Pawa and 8igaa o f Legazpi and Tag< sof Daraga . At le ast 226 casu alties were caused by the large pyroclast ic flow th at destroy ed the barrios of Sto. Domingo. The to talt:ealh 1011 for th e day s Ju ne 25-27, including casualties from oth ertowns, wa s estimated to be 350. In San Antonio, nearly 10 kmfrom the crat er, hou ses o n stilts were completely bur ied , and field snear $to , Domingo were turned into rock wa stelands.Fo llowing th e mai n explosive pha se, th e ash ejec tion lasted for

17 ho urs, from th e aft ernoon of th e 25th t ill mid-day o f the 26th .1l le entire co untrysid e no rth and cast of Mayon wa s covered by

~ jf ' 'b'

16


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17thick, hot ash, with SO C lll l l Tabaco. 3050 C1I1 in Camalig, Lrbog .

B ~ c a c a y :l11d Malilirot. alld 15-20 em in T iwi . Small "pigeonegg"Si7.C lap illi tc 1 in Lig;lO. hut on ly a l.::w mm of ash fd l in Lcgazpiarlll l);lwg:l /H'con lrll) 1(1 M.I' (1 RIJ7). ash T('nehed as filT as 1)'lel.

C a t n n d i l n l ~ and Milshatl' .\ hot lal1:11 l'.1sSl:d down the B : t ~ l I d River (SIn. [}ol11inI O)

I U ~ 1 :rnl'T thl' eruption. :lnd .1nolher hoI lahnr descended the ENEn l ) ( lIlt ' I1Hlnl11 l nCI l11l' Cl1rpllOIl . OIlier p O ~ I c n l p l i o l 1 lahan

cau\cd I lMlllr d ,lIlI:r l' 111 C: t1wlic TIll' vioknc(' of the eruptionleft a low 'gap 111 till' , . 1 ~ 1 rll11 of 1he c rater. iI ,I :lp which persisted lInlll 1'147 and which directed seve ral cmptlOm toward SloI )otllrll,l o .

1QOD Mar..:h 1(,Pr , l l lonl tory '11111('Tr:II1(,


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1918three days an a lavo now had travelC'tI 5 kill; then, slowing. it

~ p l l into two main t o n p : l I ( ~ IIf th" ~ O III elevation . The nowfinally stoppc


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Fig. 4 Thl.' April .Ma y19M l'O'plionsof Ma yor, produccd r : l d ~ 1 l i n g pyroclastic'flows and ~ n : I ~ h tfl rmoo which r(':Jched ilhour 10kmhigh. O ~ f pyro .clastic n o w ~ werl.' chal1uel-cunfincd lmd nnw TUIlOU( :Jvc ragl'd ] .6 klll .

T e m p t " m l u l 1 ' or pyrocla stic nnws :IT' IIIldcolcml illro but n c a n d c("l'ncc W:lS nnl nhsc",'rd . Elcclriclll d i ~ h : J t l ( ' With;;, ash clouds :Jndnambling u n d IIccnrnpanied ( ' ~ p l m ; v l . ael" 'i,y . Vukllnian ('n'plionswe rl.' intrmllll('(\ hy I nnNby tal'a nnw 10 Ihe SW .S'n lctml.' al rightthechurch stC'l.'pkof C . ' g ~ 1 U "' li me.' 10Wil .... :1 .


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FilE 6 F;)(plo.


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DISCUSSIONThe May on arca is densely populated so a prospectus forfut ure eruptions 11' o f great v31uc in s.1fcguard ing Iives . and in

land-usc planninf ,. Except for the 1814 Plinian eruption, almost allhistoric; e ruptions have been Vukan;an. tephra fall , pyroclast icnows, a lava nows, amI fr equellt raintr iggered lahars during andafter th e eruption( ri g. 8).

Tephra fa ll is large ly (u n lTalkd hy the prevailing wind direction. whkh changes scasonnlly in this region. From June toNovember. winds from the southwest monsoon blow ash andlapim toward the northeast sector of Mayon, From Novemberto Marci l. winds arc frolll tIle llorlhcOlst 1110l1soon. During Apriland May. an(1 in other months whe n the monsoon winds are weak,

e v e r - p r c ~ e l l 1 1 1 0 r l h c a ~ t Irau t' winds prc-v OliL Not infreq llcnt ly, lowerand higher elevation w m d ~ blow in o pposite directions, spreadingash in bo th l i r c c t ; ~ . The wncentration of tephra raU in the

n o r t h e a t . ~ o u t h w e 5 t Olnd w e ~ t hy prevailing winds has beenaccentuated hy l ' o r r a 5 t l l 1 ~ , r e ~ e n t pyroclast ic flows an el


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ash and lapill; to pyroclastic nows (and debris Oows), and finallyto lava nows. This normal sequence of a Mayon eruption isattributed to progress ive decrease In the volatile c o n t ~ n l o f magmaat the downward'1ll(lvinl! vesicu lation fron t , and the increasingdifficulty with wh ich deep vesiculation will drive overlying mate-rial out o f the Onduit .Tilt' \\'nllld S('(lUl'llc(' is from I1Il quiet em ission of lava nowsto re lativel y explos ive cjCdio ll o f :Ish and lapilli. re sulting intephra fall. y r o d a ~ l k nnws, and debris nows. as observed in the1984 eruption . Eruptio ns followed sim ilar sequences ,., \ 8R6-1887, IRQO,and \91R. In th ese eruptions. relatively {lcgassedmagma rem aining in th e l"o mluil after a previous eruption may hepushed o ut as lava nOW ;. th en. fre sher, volati le rich magma iserupted exp losively

Aft er the violen t eru ption of 1897 left a lo w gap in the castrim o f the crat er. sub seq uent erupt ;om until \9 47 were directedtoward Sto . Dom ingo. Simila rly, erosion o f the south and eastpa rts of the (Tater rim during the 1984 eru ption. and ~ f a deepravine below that h reach. will likely flmne\ pyroclastiC naws,debris n ows. alHI lava naws Iowan! th e south and ea ;t 5eclorsaf the volcano far the foreseeab le futur e of Mayon.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTh c author


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(fUr..JC O 11C R.RenalnU. Solidum.andErnciI(oG.Corpu7.. IQR5 .TranspOI t,emplacement and te tural < : I ~ f a t c r i s t i c s of the Bongapyrocbslic nowsof the \984 Ma y


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301925. Philippine vobllocs VC'r" G( ()I. Ml/l1h Grll Ned. Kol.

Gf o/ g 38]Saw ad a. Y('JSlliiro 1985 GMS o b ~ c r v a 1 t n n or Clu p ion clouds of [he 1984

SC'plcmht . k-tnht. Mayo 'l emption rllififIPil/f' Jou"'al (If VnlcQllo/ng)~ I : Se l1 3 M I I I I 1 9 ~ 9 No u soble b ~ erupcmnes del Mayon en 1845, 1855Y 181'>.1 lrr/tIO I/r /0 , il/nee/od ASlml/OlIl/ea dr EspallQ I' A merica J9 : 133

... ....... 1931 . Nota sobre 13 erupeion del volca n Ma yon en 18 4 .Rt 'is/udrlaSo( /ruoclllsrrol/omica. dtF.spclIIayAllltnco, 21: 2225.

_ .. ..._1937. Las erupciones de Mayon en 1853 . Doliel/llo de/a Soc/eta Sris-mu/ogirolltaflQI/Q 35(34) 16 1 67... .. .... U n d ~ e d m a n s c l p t ~ as rc>lIow '

EI Alcalde Ma)'ol de C a m 3 r 1 n e ~ en la erupelon del Mayon de IFI4 pEl volO de l Pueblo de Llbog y la clupeion del Ma yo n en 1897.6 p.a erupclon del Mayon en 1814 el ArchIVO Paroqulal de Albay. 5 p.u erupcl\'ln del Mayan en IRI4 el VicarinGeneral de NuevaCaceres.3 p.u enlpt lon del Mayan en 1814 y la s l 1 ~ : i e Daraga. 5 p.Smithsonian I n ~ t l t u t l o n 1984 VolcaniC events Mayo n Volcano Phil)

SEAN BIIUrlm Q (8). 9(9)Von Drasche. R 1881 Datos paro un eslUd ,o geologJco de la Isla de Luzon

F ll ipinu) BoIrlill tlf' fa ComiSIOII dl Mapa Cr tko dr Espana 8 2693"Wilkes. C 1852 Narrative nf the U.S e)(ploring e)(ped1tl0n London Ingram

Cooks. v. 10 p. 539.545


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APPENDIXHisioric Eruplions of Mayon Volcano, PhilippinesDATE ,RC\IR-DATE SORY n'PEOf ASSOCIATEDSTART '0 C ' cnvrTY ,, ''''''. PUCES AffECTED IlEMARl".. "G _ Glow I"f _ Py.o_> Flow f.Q u flh lu,);


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DATE DATE P1lEC1JR- TYl'EOf ASSOClAT1D ITA. RT END SORY AC11VfTY PIlENOMINA PUCES AFFECTED RDIARXSI Y E ~ A R ~ ~ . ~ O ~ O ~ Y Y ~ E A R ~ ~ @ O ~ O Y ~ Q ~ ~ ~ G ~ S 4 = = = ~ p T f ~ F q L f ~ ~ L f ~~ S V ~ L ~ ~ ~ C C J o C C C C ~ I C1821 (, 1828 2 x x x X X x x x VULCiL- C:amalia usted u n l ~ Ftb,1828.Columnof nrc,0 .. 300m.

VULC l.utedunHlMJy ISJSMOle 01 less COftlinllow

ISJS Sf )I ~ I / K l ' lJhU1,Iptica839 jvutc AF - SOIIlm..UICamallc E""ptioll$IS.!O min. int(Mi, 21 ''''845II . rGUlI\oballl\&. l..Ipo OneashcloudwithpwnK:c" , I VULCICunail& - I2:mofISh StlOngu nil eruption,I III 846 1S CG continuousfor many ru&hu18S1 TwoRUnOI asheruptions1851 I6 i ,,I,"8S3 34 VULC PF - Camll.!a.Cl,llIlObaWl Major t""pEKln8SJ i8!:6 L- l.ipo,On, Polanlui HeavyCOI.IW 1I.(allonAul,. 26

Af - Malilipol.Ibcacay.I i II I. ....bog,ell;nglmln,I 1 a m a l i a . A l b I Y . C a g s a ~185S J n . MIllO. withemiWoftlof smoD quan(ilk , o ruh1861 MinorISh .ruption1862 M inor uh t 'ptJOn

~ e uh doudw/ lapilli


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.PRECUR TYl'EOf ASSOClmDAn o m soRY PHENOMENAND AClMTYTART OCNS ,EAR MD DY YEA MO D't' RS VI.. R L f EQ' 'rF, , ,!1896 1896 9!7 1"" . , Istrong , I, ,897 71J , , n.

PLACES A.ffEC'TED REMARKS

~ i n o r ash&. lava~ r u p o nIlnorllharf'F - sushorcofS(O I)ommgo N ~ x t to 1814crup. on d.mum.ennsbarnolofSID. Nmo , io ltnt plusn AmonlO,M...enCs 1938,

Pyroebsllc 110wFrequency of erupllon3-4!Irs. to0.5. 1III.

Lava emi . ionIIlled July 4CG&. ocen lon'" u h pllffftereruplionl.:llur _ Ju ne 30.198 11I."Mof

typlloonSept .2)25 peakor eruplton

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24 Eruptive History of Mayon Volcano 1985