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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 2
Introduction to the Alcatel GSM Network
1 Introduction
2 General Specifcation
3 Services Provided
4 Radio Interace
! Interchan"es over the Network
# Alcatel$s Solution
Appendi%
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 4
Introduction&ontents
1'1 GSM ())* 1+))* 1())
1'2 ,istor- o &ellular Networks
1'3 .i/its o GSM S-ste/s
1'4 0verview o &urrent Standards
1'! GSM e-ates
1'# International A"ree/ents 5Me/orandu/ 06nderstandin"5
1'7 &ontri8ution o GSM Standard
1'+ 9ro/ 2G to 3G
1'( &ontents o 3GPP 5Reco//endations5
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Introduction1'1 GSM ())* 1+))* 1())
GSM Global System for Mobile communication Pan-European standard for communication with mobiles, already
adopted by more than 400 operators in 173 countries and now theworld-wide reference for mobile radio networks. ince 1!!" #phase$%, this standard harmoni&es the !00 ()& *( system and the 1+00or 1!00 ()& iital ellular ystems #%.
GSM ())
$ / $" ()& freuency bands around !00 ()&. #e/tended $ / 3"()&%
GSM 1+))
$ / 7" ()& freuency bands around 1+00 ()&.
GSM 1()) :2orth and outh merican ariant of the *( 1+00%
$ / 7" ()& freuency bands around 1!00 ()&.
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Introduction1'2 ,istor- o &ellular Networks
Mo8ile network 5Prehistor-5 1946:St Louis (Missouri
19!" # $": %&'L (S)it*erlan+
1st Generation Analo"ue cellular networks
19!9: ,-icago: &MPS
19$1: S)e+en: %M'
19$5: ./: '&,S
2ndGeneration i"ital networks
1992: uro0e: SM
1995: .S: S95 (,M&
3rdGeneration 6niversal:;< Standards
2""1: a0an M'#2""": .M'S
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Introduction1'3 .i/its o GSM s-ste/s
pu8lic
residential
o=ce PA>?
PA>?
S/all &ells Mediu/&ells .ar"e &ells
GSM
PS@NPS@N PS@N
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page $
Standard &@2 GSM &S &@ IS(!S-ste/ t-pe cor+less cellular cellular cor+lesssatellite
9reBuenc-8and :M,C< $64 # $6$ $9" # 915 ( 1!1" #1!$5 ( 1$$"#19"" 161" #16265 ( 935 # 96" ( 1$"5#1$$" ( 24$35 #25"" (
&o//ercialPointel range 7ouygues igital lobalstarna/es 7i#bo0 S8 'elecom +omestic
cor+lesstele0-ones ,om0anymobiles
Introduction1'4 0verview o current standards
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Introduction1'! GSM ke- dates
1(7( orl+ &+ministrati;e a+iocommunications ,onference(&, : 9"" Mrou0e S0?cial Mobile> )it-in,P' (Post @ 'elecom uro0ean ,onference
1(+# ,reation of a SM > Stan+ing ,ommittee B,%' Paris : ,om0arati;e trials of $ 0rototy0es
1(+7 >7roa+ &;enue> : ,-oice of main tec-niCues:Me+ium 7an+ # igital 'ransmission D 16 =bitEs # $ F 'ime#
+i;ision multi0leFingG subseCuent +e;elo0ment to 16 F # Slo)freCuency -o00ing
1(+++( SM ta=en o;er by 'S8irst 0ublication of t-e (raft >recommen+ations>
1(() 7eginning of stu+ies for a+a0tation to 1$"" MP-ase 1> recommen+ations IFe+ (SMG t-en ,S8irst SM 0rototy0es in ser;ice ('?l?comH91 ene;a
1((2 8irst commercial SM net)or=s 0lace+ in ser;ice
1((! >P-ase 2> recommen+ations issue+ (u0)ar+ com0atibility
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 1"
GSM Mo6 Me/orandu/ o understandin"
si"ned in 1(+7 8etween europeanoperators
1((1 acceptation o noneuropeansi"natories :6A* ,on" on"*New Dealand* Australia@S
Gs
GGr
Gn
Gn
Gc SS7
GSM Packetswitchin"
:GPRSSSGP
>SSwithP&6
>SSwithP&6
,.R IR
ataNetwork
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN MS&
G l S if ti
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General Specifcations2'4 Position o @ranscodin" 6nit :@RA6earer Services
@eleservice'ransmission ca0ability inclu+ing terminals an+ a00lications
>earer Service'ransmission ca0ability bet)een +eIne+ userInteraces
@ransparent and Non@ransparent Services and >earer Services @ransparent 8iFe+ rateG no o) control: fast but -ig- error ratio
Non@ransparent LP a++e+: lo) error ratioG slo)er transmission
GSM
P.MNI9 I9
@ransitnetwork*
i an-
@er/inatin"
network
@ K @er/inal Buip/ent I9 K Interorkin" 9unction
@eleservices
>earer services
@
@
...
...
Services Provided
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 36
Services Provided3'1'2 &ate"ories o @eleservices
Loice Services
'ele0-ony
mergency ,alls
Koice ,all rou0s (rou0s of mobiles s-aring limite+ ra+io resources
(Koice Messaging: not i+entiIe+ by t-e SM as a s0eciIc ser;ice
Short Messa"e Services :SMS
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Services Provided
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 3$
Services Provided3'1'4 @eleservices ata trans/ission in circuit /ode
IGI@A. radio trans/ission KK 9A? adapter unction :includin" audio /ode/ @3) unctionsea+y>>Stan+#by>
4'1'3 MS status
Packet Switchin" Mode :GPRSurst
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4'2'3 Ph-sical &hannels the Nor/al >urst
@rainin" SeBuences + diFerent 8it patterns* chosen so that
@he- are easil- reco"niCa8le :ver- accurate autocorrelationunction@S
MS
Pres-nchroniCed
>@S'F
F
'F
FMS1
@S i
@S i
'& measure+ by 7'S
&ccess 7urstfor)ar+ 0ro0agation time
>@S'F
F
'F
FMS1
@S i
@S i
:ater @A< @A
for)ar+ 0ro0agation time
return 0ro0agation time
Radio Interace4'3'! Su8scri8er Pa"in"
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@he Network knows the .0&A@I0N ARA :.A< in which the /o8ile istravellin"'An .A can cover /ore than one cell'
@he P&, channel is used to si"nal a &all to a /o8ile'@he sa/e 5Pa"in"5 /essa"e is trans/itted to all cells in the area
:shaded areas a8oveS&
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Radio Interace%ercise
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page !$
At a precise ti/e* a XsnapshotV o one cell is the ollowin"
14 MS are in co//unication with su8scri8ers in the f%ed network 7 MS have started a location updatin" procedure and are waitin"
or the answer o the L.R
2 MS are receivin" an SMS:8ut the- have not esta8lished a XspeechV callSS J NSS Protocols and Sotware Modules 521 eneral
522 a+io nterface (.m : Layer 3 : >L 3> 0rotocol
523 PS 0rotocols
!'3 @-pical SeBuence or an 0ri"inatin" &all !'4 .evel 3 GSM Procedures
541 Setting u0 t-e ra+io connection
542 Security 8unctions
543 Mobile riginating ,all (M
544 Mobile 'erminating ,all (M'
545 Fam0le of an nternational ,all 546 Location .0+ating
54! ,-ange of ,ell +uring t-e ,all (>
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Interchan"es over the Network!'1'2 GSM nu/8er and identities Mo8ile Buip/ent
identifcation
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page $2
IMI J IMISL
, International Mobile Duipment Identity 1
@A& 9A& SNR SP
@-pe Approval &ode9inal Asse/8l- &ode
Serial Nu/8eR
:SPareSS J NSS Protocols and Sotware Modules GPRS
protocols
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P %et)or=7SS
SS%
MS1
S%1
S%2
P%1
P%2
LL,
'LL1
&ttac-ment
'2
'P
'1
0ening
Session(s
PS o0eration: basic 0roce+ures
T##$ % Te&'(rary #()ical #in* $dentity
T$+ % T,nnel $dentity
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Interchan"es over the Network!'2'3 >SS J NSS Protocols and Sotware Modules GPRS
Protocols
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G@PSN&P SN&P
>SSGP
..&
MS 7SS SS% S%
.m n
Layer Mo+el for 'ransmission 0lan (PS
relay
.1 8is
9ra/eRela-
.1
.2
.1
.2
Ph-sical .a-er
MA&
.1 8is
9ra/eRela-
Ph-sical .a-er
MA&
R.&
..&
b
G@P
IP
6P
@&P
IP J?2!
Appli
7SSP
L,IP
6P
@&P
IP J?2!
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Interchan"es over the Network!'4'1 .evel 3 GSM procedures Settin" up the radio
connection
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%)CC$ 7@
MM &M\SRLI& R6S@
%)CC$ 7@
>'C$
MS&,ANN. R6S@
IMMIA@ ASSIGN'
>@S >S& MS&
6/ A 8is A
&,ANN. R6IR
'%%I(7MD7T of an%)CC$ Channel
&,ANN. A&@IL'
'CTIA'TI57 of
Channel indicated&,ANN. A&@IL' A&
'(C$
C577DCTI57 to the%)CC$ Channel
%)CC$%'BM S@A>.IS, INI&'
S&&P &0NN&@ R6S@
S&&P &0NN&@ &0N9IRM
'31"1
'91"5
IMM' ASSIGN' &M
>>
>>
MM &M\SRLI& R6S@
>>
BT%M
BT%M
BT%M
%)CC$ '
MM &M\SRLI& R6S@
MM &M\SRLI& R6S@
...
...
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Interchan"es over the Network!'4'2 .evel 3 GSM procedures Securit- 9unctions
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 95
SIM card
A3
Au&Radio &hannel
A+
i i
Rando/ nu/8er selection
A3
A+
A3 A3
A+A+
A!A!
K ;
IdentiGcation key ,+.< bits1
>'7) ,+.< bits1
>'7)
%igned ref0 ,/. bits1 %>D% %>D%
Cipher command
59
9c : Cipherkeyfor the call ,24 bits1
9c
%peech - )ata - %ignalling %peech - )ata - %ignallingCiphered data
&ipherin"Jecipherin" &ipherin"Jecipherin"
>@S
A!A!
...
...
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Interchan"es over the Network!'4'3 .evel 3 GSM procedures Mo8ile 0ri"inatin" &all
GSMN t k
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M0>I.
&,ANN. R6S@IMMIA@ ASSIGNMN@
&M SRLI& R6S@
A6@,N@I&A@I0N
&IP,RING
S@ 6P
ASSIGNMN@ &MASSIGNMN@ &0M
A.R@ING
&0NN&@&0NN&@ A&
LA Ler- arl- Assi"n/ent
&A.. &0N9IRMA@I0N
&A.. A&&P@
or S@ 6P i LA
ASSIGNMN@ &MASSIGNMN@ &0M
1J2 0A&S6
ASSIGNMN@ &MASSIGNMN@ &0M
0A&S6 co/plete
Immediate assignment of a TC$ :7o authentication or ciphering,%ignalling carried on #'CC$1
A arl- Assi"n/ent TC$ allocated BD#5>D call conGrmation
omitte+ if K&
TC$ allocated after called party ringing
TC$ allocated after called party anser
...
...
NetworkPS@N or ISN
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Interchan"es over the Network!'4'3 .evel 3 GSM procedures Mo8ile 0ri"inatin" &all
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5H-hooking
Called 0 ringing
ConnectConnect
'lerting
'ssign0 compl0'ssign0 compl0
A@A R6S@
MS >@S >S& MS&JL.R
6/ A 8is A
A.R@ING
A@A INI&A@I0N
S&&P A@A
S&&P A@AASSIGNMN@ &0MP.'
R9 &,ANN. R.'
S&&P A@A
#'CC$SA>M
6AS@A>.IS, INI&'
R9 &,ANN. R.' A&
A@A R6S@&0NN&@S&&P A@A
A&M
ANM
A@A IN'&0NN&@ A& Connect
'ck
&0NLRSA@I0N P,AS
'lerting
Connect'ck
...
...
PS@N or ISN
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Interchan"es over the Network!'4'4 .evel 3 GSM procedures Mo8ile @er/inatin" &all
GSMNetwork
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 1"1
M0>I.
&,ANN. R6S@IMMIA@ ASSIGNMN@
PAGING RS6.@
A6@,N@I&A@I0N R6S@
A6@,N@I&A@I0N RSP0NS
&IP,RING M0 &M&IP,RING M0 &0MP.@
S@ 6P
&A.. &0N9IRM
ASSIGNMN@ &MASSIGNMN@ &0M
A.R@ING
&0NN&@&0NN&@ A&
S@6P o anRR &0NN&@I0N :M@@S 1 >S& MS&
.m & bis
S&&P A@A
A@A R6S@
A@A INI&A@I0N
$ando?er Cmd
$050 erformed$ando?er0 compl0
>@S 2
:R.AS R6S@>
#'CC$
%'CC$
%'CC$
#'CC$
:oldS& MS& L.R ,.R
&ollectin" the /easure/ents
Processin" the /easure/ents
&andidate &ell valuation
ecision to hand the MS
over the new cell ,andover %ecution
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Appendi%A88reviations and Acron-/s
8 8ull ate (SM 'S
8 8rame elay ('elecom
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90125 0216 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 12"
8% 8rame elay ata %et)or= ('elecom
8. 8rame .nit (7'S
8 8irm)are
, rou0 ,all egister
S% ate)ay PS Su00ort %o+e (PS
MM PS Mobility Management (PS
MS, ate)ay Mobile S)itc-ing ,enter
PS eneral Pac=et a+io Ser;iceP. PS Pac=et .nit
S#1 rou0 S)itc- of stage 1 (7S,
S#2 rou0 S)itc- of stage 2 (7S,
SL PS Signalling Lin=
SM lobal System for Mobile ,ommunications
SM 'S SM 'ec-nical S0eciIcation
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M&% Metro0olitan &rea %et)or=
M&% Micro7'S &ntenna %et)or= (7'S
M,7 Multi0leF ,-annel 7loc=
M8S Multi#7SS 8ast Pac=et Ser;er (PS
ML. Massi;e Logical .0+ate
MM Man Mac-ine nterface
M Manage+ b[ect (@M
MS Mobile StationMS, Mobile S)itc-ing ,enter
MS.M Micro7'S Station .nit Mo+ule (7'S
%M %on Mas=able nterru0t
%P& %et)or= Performance &nalyser
%SS %et)or= SubSystem
%'L %et)or= 'ermination Line
% %et)or=
, riginating ,all
M, n eman+ Measurement ,am0aign(@M
@M 0eration an+ Maintenance
M, 0eration an+ Maintenance ,enter
M,# 0eration an+ Maintenance ,enter #a+io
ML 0eration an+ Maintenance Lin=
M. 0eration an+ Maintenance .nit (7'S
S 0erating System
.' ut+oor (7'S
P7& Printe+ 7oar+ &ssembly
P7,,< Pac=et 7roa+cast ,ommon ,ontrol,
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P,. Pac=et ,ontrol .nit (PS
P,< Pac=et ata ,
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FXual ecei;e+ Xuality
S&,,< Slo) &ssociate+ ,ontrol ,-annel(SM 'S
S&. Subrac= assembly unit (7S,
S, Su0er;ise+ ,onIguration (@M
S,, Serial ,ommunication ,ontroller
S,P Ser;ice ,ontrol Point
S,,P Signalling ,onnection ,ontrol Part
S,S Small ,om0uter Systems nterface
S,,< Stan+alone e+icate+ ,ontrol ,-annel(SM 'S
S. Ser;ice ata .nit (generic terminology
SS% Ser;ing PS Su00ort %o+e (PS
S& S,S nterface Ftension &
SMS S-ort Message Ser;ice
SMS#,7 S-ort Message Ser;ice # ,ell 7roa+cast
SM#MS, S-ort Message ate)ay Mobile S)itc-in,enter
S&M Static &M
SS Subate S)itc-
SS! Signalling System '.#' %]! (eF ,,''
SS Soli+ State is=
SSP Ser;ice S)itc-ing Point
S Soft)are
SL S)itc- lement
'78 'em0orary 7loc= 8lo) (PS
'&8 'erminal &+a0tor 8unction
Appendi%A88reviations and Acron-/s
', 'ransco+er
', 'erminating ,all
',, 'run= ,ontroller ,-i0
'O 'ranscei;er
'S 'ime Slot
'S 'ec-nical S0eciIcation (SM 'S
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',, 'run= ,ontroller ,-i0
',< 'raTc ,