23 Road Governance Report - · PDF filequarter of 2013 . 23rd Road ... Q 3-10 Q 4-10 Q 1-11 Q 2-11 Q 3-11 Q 4-11 Q 1-12 Q 2-12 Q 3-12 Q 4-12 Q 1-13 IR TG indicato rs pe r 100 km

Improved Road Transport Governance January 1 to March 31, 2013 1

23rd Road Governance Report UEMOA Draft

This report presents information on checkpoints, bribes and delays based on data from January 1 to March 31, 2013. The report includes two sections: 1 – The eight corridors covered by the Improved Road Transport Governance initiative (IRTG): Tema-Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou-Bamako via Heremakono, Ouagadougou-Bamako via Koury, Lomé-Ouagadougou, Dakar-Bamako, Abidjan-Ouagadougou, Abidjan-Bamako and Cotonou-Niamey. The trucks in this initiative are in roadworthy condition and the drivers and cargoes are properly documented. 2 – The four corridors covered by the USAID ATP and E-ATP projects (Agribusiness and Trade Promotion and Enhanced Agribusiness and Trade Promotion): Kantchari-Accra, Fada N’Gourma-Parakou, Techiman-Kantchari, and Parakou-Niamey.

Survey Results for the first quarter of 2013

23rd

Road Governance Report

Road Transport Governance Initative January 1 to March 31, 2013 2

SECTION 1 – Improved Road Transport Governance initiative – results from corridors monitored by the USAID Trade Hub

Summary and Recommendations

Benin has moved to join the best countries in the region After two quarters of data collected on the Cotonou-Niamey corridor (Benin and Niger joined the initiative in 2012), Benin has confirmed a leadership position in regards to road governance in the region. The number of checkpoints and the lengths of delays are among the lowest in the region. Bribery, on the other hand, is about double, on average, that in Togo or Ghana. Niger has the region’s second worst level of harassment of drivers Despite an issue with reliability the data suggest that the segment of the Cotonou-Niamey corridor in Niger (between the Niger-Benin border and Niamey) is plagued by harassment, almost to the level seen in Mali. Road security is the new challenge for Togolese authorities Since 2011, Togo has been the leader in the region on free movement. Authorities however report that the removal of checkpoints has had a negative impact on traffic safety. Authorities should focus on implementing measures to improve safe driving rather than return to the use of excessive checkpoints, which lead to harassment. Excellent trend in Senegal The beginning of 2013 was marked by considerable efforts by authorities in Senegal, in particular on the part of the police and the gendarmerie, to reduce harassment. Harassment, as a result, has never been lower on the Bamako-Dakar corridor since Senegal joined the road governance initiative in 2009. No improvement in Côte d’Ivoire since 2011 This quarter, the indicators returned to levels not seen in half a year. After some impressive improvements in 2011, the situation has remain unchanged and mediocre. A new effort, similar to that of 2011, should be undertaken to improve free movement in Côte d’Ivoire, so that it attains road governance levels similar to Ghana and Togo. Increase in bribery in northern Ghana Levels of bribery in Ghana remain modest compared to its neighbors, but this is contrasted by the frequent controls that drivers are subjected to in the north of the country. A constant increase in bribes paid has been observed over the last six months, particular in northern Ghana. Despite protests by drivers, it is still difficult to move vehicles and goods in Mali A positive trend on road governance noted last quarter has unfortunately been reversed in Mali this quarter. Over the long term, no trend is clearly identifiable in Mali and it remains the worst country for the movement of vehicles and goods in the initiative. And this despite repeated strikes, particularly by Senegalese drivers. Road governance worsens in Burkina Faso Road governance indicators in Burkina Faso worsened slightly in the first quarter of 2013. The last four years show a persistent status quo, particularly regarding bribes paid to customs officials. Apparently, Burkinabè authorities are ignoring the problem or that an unknown element is making any improvement impossible.

23rd



Figure 1: Road Governance map

23rd



Introduction

The Road Governance initiative on primary trade corridors is a joint effort of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) further to a decision1 of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to establish, among others, observatories of abnormal practices in the region. This initiative started in 2005 with technical and financial assistance from the USAID West Africa Trade Hub.

The objective of the Road Governance initiative is to promote good road transport governance on primary West African trade corridors. The corridors covered so far are: Tema-Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou-Bamako via Koury, Ouagadougou-Bamako via Heremakono, Lomé-Ouagadougou, Dakar-Bamako, Abidjan-Ouagadougou, Abidjan-Bamako and Cotonou-Niamey.

General Trend Figure 2 below shows the trend for indicators on the eight corridors.

For the past year, the general trend in harassment on the eight corridors has remained stable. During the first quarter of 2013, bribery fell by 7% while the length of delays and the number of controls increased by 13% and 5%, respectively. Togo continues to show the least harassment while Mali was, again, the worst performer among the participating countries.

1 Decision A/DEC.13/01/03 “Relating to the establishment of a regional road transport and transit facilitation

program in support of intra-community trade and cross-border movements”, January 31st, 2003

2.5

Numberofcheckpoints

2.4 2.42.0

2.12.31.7 1.8

2.0 2.01.9 1.6 1.7

6.2

Bribes(USD)

9.7

8.27.2

8.1 8.0 8.0 8.1

6.25.8

4.54.5 4.5 4.3

18Delays(min) 16 15 14

24 25

19 20

2016 16

18

14 15

Q2-09 Q3-09 Q4-09 Q1-10 Q2-10 Q3-10 Q4-10 Q1-11 Q2-11 Q3-11 Q4-11 Q1-12 Q2-12 Q3-12 Q4-12 Q1-13

IRTGindicatorsper100km-RegionalTrend

23rd



I. Checkpoints

The road governance initiative differentiates between legitimate controls at borders from other controls conducted on roads that are not in accordance with UEMOA directive 15/2005/CM/UEMOA. The Cotonou-Niamey corridor had the lowest density of checkpoints – 12, on average, along the 1,041 km it covers. Checkpoints are most common on the Bamako-Ouagadougou corridor, with twice the number of the Cotonou-Niamey corridor over a similar distance.


Figure 3: Checkpoints by trip, by corridor and sub-corridor

Border

Less than 1 control per 100 km

Between 1 and 2 controls per 100

km

More than 2 controls per 100 km

Controls at the border

Controls on the road except at the border

Dakar Ouagadougou

Abidjan Tema Cotonou

Heremakono

Koury

6

Bamako

3

4

11 6

10 11

3 6

4 18

4 19

2

2

2 19

9

1

12

16

4

3

22 0

11

11 1

1

1

3

4 2

4

2

2

3 3

3 4

3 2

1 1

3 2

4 3

6

1 3

3

3

10

1

6

Lomé

3

Niamey

3

3 5

2

2

3


Table 1: Checkpoints per trip, by corridor and sub-corridor

Note: In the following tables, figures have been rounded, which explains that explains the inequalities in the sums.

Mali, followed by Niger, remains the countries with the most checkpoints. In Mali, as in previous quarters, all of the uniformed forces are implicated while in Niger the customs and above all the gendarmerie are responsible. Significant progress has been achieved by all uniformed services in Senegal. This quarter’s data also showed a decrease in checkpoints by the gendarmerie in Benin. On the other hand, resurgence in checkpoints was revealed in Côte d’Ivoire, in particular by the gendarmerie. The situation is stable in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Togo. Figure 4: Density of checkpoints by country and uniformed service

The ranking of the countries according to number of checkpoints remains little changed and the changes are limited to within the countries. The only exception is Senegal where checkpoints have decreased by 30% this quarter and have attained the best level since the Senegal joined the road governance initiative in 2009.

Police

Police

PolicePolice

Police

Police

Police

Police

GendarmerieGendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Others

Others

Others

0

1

2

3

BurkinaFaso Côted'Ivoire Ghana Mali Sénégal Togo Bénin Niger

Numberofcontrolsper100km-FirstQuarter2013

23rd



Figure 5: Change in the number of checkpoints per 100 km by country

II. Bribery This quarter the Bamako-Ouagadougou corridor remains the corridor with the highest level of bribery, a position it has held for more than a year. On the Lomé-Ouagadougou and Tema-Ouagadougou corridors, however, illicit payments are the lowest in the region.

The Mali border at Koury has become the border with the highest level of bribery – agents extort more than 8 000 FCFA (USD 16) from drivers per trip – while the Benin border at Malanville shows the lowest level of bribery in the region – about 400 FCFA per trip is extorted (less than USD 1).

BurkinaFaso

Côted'Ivoire

Ghana

Mali

Sénégal

Togo

Bénin

Niger

0

1

2

3

4

5

Q2-'09 Q3-'09 Q4-'09 Q1-'10 Q2-'10 Q3-'10 Q4-'10 Q1-'11 Q2-'11 Q3-'11 Q4-'11 Q1-'12 Q2-'12 Q3-'12 Q4-'12 Q1-'13

Numberofcontrolsper100km


Figure 6: Bribery per trip (in FCFA) by corridor and sub-corridor

Border

Less than 3 USD per 100 km

Between 3 and 6 USD per 100 km

More than 6 USD per 100 km

Bribes at the border

Bribes on the road except at the border

Dakar Ouagadougou

Abidjan Tema Cotono

u

Heremakono

Koury

7

Bamako

23

5

22 10

21 25

2

9

8 44

10 49

6

3

4

11

44

3

25

35

8

10

50

0

29

7

2 10

3

10

17

8

6

5

6 14

13 25

14 14

3 2

10 4

24 13

23

9

2

4

29

5

9

Lomé

5

Niamey

10

8

14

10

4

6

3 1 2


Table 2: Bribery per trip (in FCFA) by corridor and sub-corridor

As with checkpoints, Mali, followed by Niger, are, as was the case for the previous quarter, the worst for drivers. In Côte d’Ivoire, bribery has returned to the level it reached six months ago but remains among the worst for bribery. Sénégal has improved thanks a notable decline in the bribes paid to police and gendarmes. Bribes paid to gendarmes in Benin have also decreased2. The situation remains unchanged in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Togo. Figure 7: Density of bribes by country and by uniformed service

Senegal has seen the greatest decrease in bribery this quarter. Côte d’Ivoire has seen bribery reach the high level it was at six months ago. Ghana and Togo continue to show the best performance.

2 The low level of harassment in Benin recorded by the UEMAO/West Africa Trade Hub road governance

initiative is due to the fact that each northbound transit trucks are accompanied by a military person

Police

Police

Police

Police

Police

PolicePolice

Police

GendarmerieGendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Others

Others

Others

0

2

4

6

8


Bribesper100km(USD)-FirstQuarter2013

23rd



Figure 8: Change in bribery per 100 km by country

III. Delays

This quarter the Tema-Ouagadougou corridor has become again the corridor where delays are the longest with an average of 5-hours 30-minutes cumulative while the Cotonou-Niamey corridor has less than one hour and 30 minutes of delays. The Paga-Dakola border continues to require the longest time to cross – about 2-hours and 30-minutes. The Malanville-Gaya border between Benin and Niger imposes the least delay.

BurkinaFaso

Côted'Ivoire

Ghana

Mali

Sénégal

Togo

Bénin

Niger

0

5

10

15

20

2009-Q2 2009-Q3 2009-Q4 2010-Q1 2010-Q2 2010-Q3 2010-Q4 2011-Q1 2011-Q2 2011-Q3 2011-Q4 2012-Q1 2012-Q2 2012-Q3 2012-Q4 2013-Q1

Bribesper100km(USD)


Figure 9: Delays by trip (in minutes) by corridor and sub-corridor

Border

Less than 8 minutes per100 km

Between 8 and 18 minutes per100

km

More than 18minutes per100 km

Delays at the border

Delays on the road except at the border

Dakar Ouagadougou

Abidjan Tema Cotonou

Heremakono

Koury

157

Bamako

24

25

32 24

151 128

47 18

20 128

21 143

13

121

28

7

39

123

5

17

84

46

96

23 73 23

48

32

Lomé

19

Niamey

17 8

5 45

21

31

43 54

58 66

22 24

35

66 78

21 26

22 66

15

13 6

22

70 4

32 69

138 5 8

23 0

27

4


Table 3: Delays by trip (in minutes) by corridor and sub-corridor

The survey this quarter shows a notable decrease in delays in Niger, which undoubtedly are related to measurement errors – Niger has only recently joined the road governance initiative. Mali has seen delays increase and it has become again the worst performer in the region. Delays have increased – and remain very high – in Ghana. In Côte d’Ivoire, delays worsened this quarter but remain moderate. On the other hand, delays dropped in Benin which is the country with the lowest level of delays. The situation remained unchanged in Burkina Faso, Sénégal and Togo. Figure 10: Density of delays by country and by uniformed service

Note: When several uniformed services are present at the same checkpoint, the delays are divided in an equal manner among them.

Police

Police

PolicePolice

Police Police

PolicePolice

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Others

Others

Others

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Delaysper100km(min)-FirstQuarter2013

23rd



Figure 11: Change in delays per 100 km by country

Methodology, objectives and acknowledgements The indicators reported from the surveys are defined as follows:

The number of controls is the average number of stops drivers experience imposed by a given uniformed service, excluding voluntary stops by drivers to eat or sleep

Delays are the total time spent at a checkpoint, excluding voluntary pauses (to eat, rest, pray, etc.)

Bribery refers to illegal sums taken from drivers by agents of uniformed services. Bribes taken by other actors, such as freight forwarders, are not included. National averages are calculated according to the length of each corridor

Although the USAID Trade Hub and the USAID ATP/E-ATP projects report the same indicators, the methodology each project uses varies in important ways. Trucks monitored by the USAID Trade Hub haul all types of goods and are completely legal, with proper documentation for both the driver and the cargo; further, the truck itself must be roadworthy; in effect, tucks followed by the USAID Trade Hub should not be harassed at all. By comparison, trucks monitored by the ATP/E-ATP project haul specific types of goods, including perishable food staples, which correspond to the value chains studied by the project. These trucks and their cargoes are not always in conformity with applicable laws. These differences explain for example why this quarter in Burkina Faso, a truck monitored by the USAID Trade Hub paid about 2,000 FCFA per 100 km (about USD 4) while a truck monitored by ATP paid about 7,000 FCFA per 100 km (about USD 14). The UEMOA, USAID Trade Hub and USAID ATP/E-ATP teams highlight the most representative results of the surveys and key aspects of road governance in West Africa while adhering to valid statistical analysis. The quarterly report aims to raise awareness among policymakers and leaders at the highest levels of the public and private sectors and in civil society in order to increase trade in a sustainable and profitable manner. This report presents results based on questionnaires collected from January 1 and March 31, 2013. The road governance initiative expresses its gratitude to all of the stakeholders who contributed to the production of the report: the truck drivers who completed survey forms, transporters and unions, the focal points and national coordinators, the media and civil society organizations.

BurkinaFaso

Côted'Ivoire

Ghana

Mali

Sénégal

Togo

Niger

Bénin

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2009-Q22009-Q32009-Q42010-Q12010-Q22010-Q32010-Q42011-Q12011-Q22011-Q32011-Q42012-Q12012-Q22012-Q32012-Q42013-Q1

Delaysper100km(min)

23rd



ANNEXE 1: Source data, January 1, 2012 - March 31, 2013

Note: The currency used in this analysis is the Franc CFA (XOF). In the first quarter of 2013, 1 GHS was equivalent to 260 XOF. In the fourth quarter of 2012, 1 GHS was equivalent to 268 XOF and in the first quarter of 2012 to 293 XOF.

23rd



SECTION 2 – Road governance practices on corridors monitored by the USAID ATP and E-ATP projects

Figure 12: Road governance map

23rd



Introduction

The USAID Agribusiness and Trade Promotion (ATP) and Expanded Agribusiness and Trade Promotion (E-ATP) projects aim to increase the value and volume of intra-regional agricultural trade, in order to attain the targeted 6% growth set by the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). The two projects similarly contribute to the ECOWAS Common Agricultural Policy (ECOWAP) and the UEMOA Agricultural Policy (PAU) and its federated regional programs. Since the beginning of 2012, the focus is on four value chains (maize, livestock/meat, millet/sorghum, and rice) along the transport corridors linking production zones to consumer markets in West Africa. USAID ATP and E-ATP projects conduct surveys on road harassment on two of the four value chains and on the onion/shallots value chain (see table below).

The initiative targets the following corridors:

Value chains Corridor Distance

Onion/shallots Kantchari (Burkina Faso) – Accra (Ghana) 1 316 km

Livestock/Meat Fada N’Gourma (Burkina Faso) – Parakou (Bénin) 469 km

Maize Techiman (Ghana) – Kantchari (Burkina Faso) 976 km

Parakou (Bénin) - Niamey (Niger) 605 km The movement of these agricultural goods along West African corridors remains difficult due to numerous checkpoints, high levels of bribery and long delays. The extent of the road governance problems on the corridors is stupefying. The consequences severely harm the national and regional economies.

Summary Figure 13 below shows the change in indicators on the four quarters.

2.9

Numberofcontrols2.8

4.04.0

3.3 3.13.0

2.9

2.5

3.0 2.2

1.823

Bribes(USD)

33

44

27 2626 25

2325

3435

38

44

Delays(min)

20

12

14

107

5

74

5 7

Q4-09 Q1-10 Q2-10 Q3-10 Q4-10 Q1-11 Q2-11 Q3-11 Q4-11 Q1-12 Q2-12 Q3-12 Q4-12 Q1-13

ATP/E-ATPindicatorsper100km-Regionaltrends

Corridors du riz et du

mil/sorgho ajoutés

Corridor du riz supprimé

Second corridor du

maïs ajouté

23rd



This quarter, the road governance is characterized by the lack of data on rice corridor (Bama-Koutiala) as was the case in the previous quarter. This is due to a decision by Burkinabe authorities to suspend temporarily export of rice following a bad harvest. In addition, the political unrest in Mali affected data collection. Finally a new maize corridor has been added to the studies since the third quarter that is Parakou-Niamey corridor.

This quarter, there has been a slight increase in bribes and delays out of the three corridors monitored. This is mainly due to the increase in harassments in Benin3.

I. Checkpoints

The number of checkpoints dropped on all of the corridors except the maize corridor (Parakou-Niamey). This decline started two quarters ago on the livestock corridor and about one year ago on the maize corridor of Techiman-Kantchari. The new Parakou-Niamey maize corridor has about the same number of checkpoints as the Techiman-Kantchari maize corridor – despite that the latter is much longer (371 km longer, to be precise). Figure 14: Checkpoints by trip and by corridor

3 The low level of harassment in Benin recorded by the UEMAO/West Africa Trade Hub road governance

initiative is due to the fact that each northbound transit trucks are accompanied by a military person.

-

5

10

15

20

25

Onion Livestock Maize1 Maize2

Numberofcontrolspertrip-1stQuarter2013

Niger

Ghana

BurkinaFaso

23rd



Figure 15: Density of checkpoints by country and by uniformed service

This quarter, Niger had the highest density of checkpoints per 100 km followed by Benin, Ghana and Burkina Faso (best performer). Police officers are now the agents that stop most drivers followed by customs agents. Figure 16: Trend in checkpoints per 100 km by corridor

Police Police

PolicePolice

CustomsCustoms

Customs CustomsGendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Others

Others

Others

0

1

2

3

Benin BurkinaFaso Ghana Niger

Numberofcontrolsper100km-1stQuarter2013

Police Customs Gendarmerie Others Total

Benin 0,6 0,7 0,4 0,3 2,1

Burkina Faso 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,2 1,5

Ghana 1,1 0,5 0,0 0,3 1,9

Niger 0,5 1,6 0,8 0,0 2,8

Weighted Average 0,7 0,7 0,2 0,2 1,9

Onion

Livestock

Maize1

Rice

Millet-Sorghum

Maize2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Q4-09Q1-10Q2-10Q3-10Q4-10Q1-11Q2-11Q3-11Q4-11Q1-12Q2-12Q3-12Q4-12Q1-13

Numberofcontrolsper100km

23rd



Overall the average number of checkpoints per 100 km on all corridors has dropped.

II. Bribery

Bribery has dropped on the livestock and onion corridors this quarter but has risen on the maize corridors of Techiman-Kantchari and Parakou-Niamey. On this last corridor, bribery is twice as that seen on the livestock corridor, six times higher than that seen on the onion corridor and 12 times higher than that observed on the maize corridor of Techiman-Kantchari. The situation is alarming on the Benin-Niger corridor (Parakou-Niamey).

Figure 17: Bribery by trip and by corridor

Niger remains at the top of the group for bribery. The best performer continues to be Ghana. In all of the countries considered, except Benin, the customs services are the most implicated in extorting illicit payments from drivers.

T1-12 T2-12 T3-12 T4-12 T1-13

Onion

Livestock

Maize 1

2,3 2,3 2,3 1,8 1,2

2,8 2,8 2,2 2,3 2,1

3,0 2,8 2,7 2,5 1,2

Maize 2Poultry

Average

4,6 4,5 2,8

2,9 2,5 3,0 2,8 1,8

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Onion

Livestoc

Maize1

Maize2

Bribespertrip(USD)-1stQuarter2013

Niger

Ghana

Benin

BurkinaFaso

23rd



Figure 18: Density of bribery by country and by uniformed service

Figure 19: Trend in bribery per 100 km by corridor

Police

Police Police

Customs

Customs

Customs

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

Gendarmerie

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Benin BurkinaFaso Ghana Niger

Bribesper100km(USD)-1stQuarter2013

Police Customs Gendarmerie Others Total

Benin 22 6 4 1 33 USD

Burkina Faso 4 6 3 1 14 USD

Ghana 1 1 - 1 3 USD

Niger 3 74 6 - 83 USD

Weighted Average 6 10 2 1 19 USD

Livestock

Rice

Millet-SorghumOnion

Maize1

Maize2

0

20

40

60

80

100

Q4-09 Q1-10 Q2-10 Q3-10 Q4-10 Q1-11 Q2-11 Q3-11 Q4-11 Q1-12 Q2-12 Q3-12 Q4-13 Q1-13

Bribesper100km(USD)

Onion

Livestock

Maize 1

Maize 2

Q1-12 Q2-12 Q3-12 Q4-13 Q1-13

12 15 14 8 6

53 53 44 49 47

5 6 7 4 5

72 83 93

Average 23 25 34 36 38

23rd



III. Delays

Delays are generally very short on corridors monitored by the ATP project compared to those monitored by the Trade Hub because bribes are often paid in advance by traders moving agricultural commodities on trucks. That is, an expediter travels ahead of trucks carrying agricultural commodities, pays the bribes and, as soon as the trucks arrive, the barrier is lifted. Consequently, at some barriers the delay is as little as one minute, particularly on the livestock corridor and the new maize corridor of Parakou-Niamey, where bribes paid are very high (see figure below).

Still delays increased substantially this quarter on all corridors except for the onion corridor.

The longest delays are, nevertheless, on the onion corridor (8 minutes per 100 km) while the shortest delays occur on the livestock corridor (5 minutes per 100 km). Onion traders experience the greatest delays because they often object to paying bribes.

Figure 20: Delays per trip and by corridor

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

Onion Livestock Maize1 Maize2

Delayspertrip(min)-1stQuarter2013

Niger

Ghana

Benin

23rd



Figure 21: Trend in delays per 100 km by corridor

Conclusion

Despite local improvements, it is apparent that much work remains to be done, in particular on the Parakou-Niamey maize corridor, which only became part of the initiative three quarters ago.

Onion

Livestock

Maize 1

Maize 2

Q1-12 Q2-12 Q3-12 Q4-12 Q1-13

9,5 8,5 8,1 9,4 7,8

4,2 7,1 2,6 2,7 5,2

3,0 6,9 1,4 1,3 6,9

2,6 6,6 10,0

Average 5,0 7,3 3,7 5,0 7,5


Q1

-20

13

33

400

1

3

1

-

5

1

8

30

3

19

84

9

4 3

94

-

3

2 5

46

8

13

7

21

5

Q4

-20

12

44

400

2

6

2

-

9

2

1

4 5

00

5

1 2

00

8 5

75

-

7

4 2

75

1

8 5

69

22

6

Q1

-20

12

26

400

2

6

2

-

10

3

9

82

0

34

86

1

15

22

1

-

5

9 9

02

1

4 9

76

62

15

Q1

-20

13

33

916

4

3

-

3

11

1

3

41

2

3 7

26

-

3 0

73

1

0 2

11

1

115

82

9

Q4

-20

12

44

916

9

8

-

3

21

2

6

49

5

14

33

4

-

3 0

34

2

3 8

63

2

60

5

85

9

Q1

-20

12

26

916

10

10

-

-

20

2

8

34

7

13

25

7

-

-

2

1 6

04

2

35

9

63

7

Q1

-20

13

33

1 3

16

6

6

1

3

15

1

11

715

23

57

5

4 3

94

3

07

3

4

2 7

57

3

24

9

###

8

Q4

-20

12

44

400

2

6

2

-

9

2

1

4 5

00

5

1 2

00

8 5

75

-

7

4 2

75

1

8 5

69

22

6

Q1

-20

12

8

1 3

16

12

17

2

-

31

2

1

9 7

38

5

9 4

78

10

00

0

367

89

58

3

6

80

7

###

11

Q1

-20

13

14

150

2

1

1

1

4

3

6

21

4

1 5

71

4

07

1

2

07

1

1

3 9

29

9

28

6

6

4

Q4

-20

12

15

150

2

2

1

1

6

4

6

36

7

7 4

33

4

86

7

3

13

3

2

1 8

00

1

4 5

33

13

9

Q1

-20

12

20

150

2

2

1

1

6

4

8

85

0

2 5

00

5

80

0

3

00

0

2

0 1

50

1

3 4

33

5

3

Q1

-20

13

14

319

1

1

1

3

6

2

2

3 5

00

3

0 0

00

30

64

3

9

25

0

9

3 3

93

2

9 2

77

6

2

Q4

-20

12

15

319

1

1

1

4

7

2

2

3 3

33

3

4 3

33

34

33

3

1

3 2

00

10

5 2

00

32

97

8

21

6

Q1

-20

12

20

319

1

1

1

4

7

2

3

0 0

00

3

5 0

00

35

00

0

1

0 8

50

11

0 8

50

3

4 7

49

7

2

Q1

-20

13

14

469

3

2

2

4

10

2

2

9 7

14

3

1 5

71

34

71

4

11

32

1

10

7 3

21

22

88

3

12

3

Q4

-20

12

15

469

3

3

2

5

13

3

2

9 7

00

4

1 7

67

39

20

0

1

6 3

33

12

7 0

00

27

07

9

33

7

Q1

-20

12

20

469

3

3

2

5

13

3

3

8 8

50

3

7 5

00

40

80

0

1

3 8

50

13

1 0

00

27

93

2

12

3

Q1

-20

13

71

463

10

4

-

1

15

3

3

13

0

2 9

99

-

450

6 5

79

1

42

1

8

2

Q4

-20

12

15

463

10

4

-

1

15

3

4

31

2

2 6

26

-

497

7 4

35

1

60

6

37

8

Q1

-20

12

10

463

11

3

-

1

15

3

3

73

3

1 7

64

-

588

6 0

85

1

31

4

36

8

Q1

-20

13

71

513

1

7

2

1

11

2

2

77

7

21

07

0

2 5

07

585

26

93

9

5

25

1

6

1

Q4

-20

12

15

513

2

7

2

1

12

2

3

46

7

16

00

0

2 7

00

500

22

66

7

4

41

8

29

6

Q1

-20

12

10

513

2

5

3

1

11

2

2

50

0

13

10

0

4 7

00

750

21

05

0

4

10

3

28

5

Q1

-20

13

71

976

12

11

2

2

26

3

5

90

8

24

07

0

2 5

07

1

03

4

3

3 5

19

3

43

4

14

1

Q4

-20

12

15

976

12

11

2

2

27

3

7

77

9

18

62

6

2 7

00

997

30

10

2

3

08

4

67

7

Q1

-20

12

10

976

13

8

3

2

26

3

6

23

3

14

86

4

4 7

00

1

33

8

2

7 1

35

2

78

0

64

7

Ra

tio

pe

r

10

0 k

m

Nu

mb

er

of

trip

s

Dis

tan

ce

in k

m

To

tal

To

tal

Rati

o p

er

10

0 k

m

De

lay

s p

er

trip

(min

)

Ra

tio

pe

r

10

0 k

m

Po

lic

eC

usto

ms

Gen

da

r-

me

rie

Co

rrid

or

/ C

ou

ntr

yQ

uart

er

Av

era

ge

nu

mb

er

of

co

ntr

ols

per

trip

by

serv

ice

Av

era

ge

bri

be

s in

F C

FA

pe

r tr

ip b

y s

erv

ice

Oth

ers

To

tal

Po

lice

Cu

sto

ms

G

en

da

r-

me

rie

O

the

rs

Gh

an

a

Bu

rkin

a F

as

o

Gh

an

a

Ka

ntc

hari

-Acc

ra

Bu

rkin

a F

as

o

Be

nin

Fad

a -

Pa

rak

ou

Bu

rkin

a F

as

o

Te

ch

ima

n-K

an

tch

ari

Q1

-20

13

17

323

3

4

1

1

9

3

5

8 5

88

8

5 5

88

11

76

5

1

2 2

35

16

8 1

76

52

06

7

26

8

Q4

-20

12

29

323

5

7

5

4

21

7

5

05

2

12

6 3

79

6

31

0

4

03

4

1

41 7

76

43

89

3

18

6

B

en

in

Q1

-20

13

17

282

1

4

2

-

8

3

3

82

4

10

4 2

35

7

82

4

-

11

5 8

83

4

1 0

93

35

12

Q4

-20

12

29

282

1

4

1

0

6

2

2

2 6

90

4

7 2

76

20

20

7

2

2 3

10

11

2 4

83

3

9 8

88

22

8

N

ige

r

Q1

-20

13

17

605

4

8

4

1

17

3

6

2 4

12

1

89 8

23

1

9 5

89

1

2 2

35

28

4 0

59

46

95

2

61

10

Q4

-20

12

29

605

6

11

6

4

27

5

2

7 7

41

1

73 6

55

2

6 5

17

2

6 3

45

25

4 2

59

42

02

6

40

7

P

ara

ko

u-N

iam

ey

No

te:

Curr

ency u

se

d is C

FA

Fra

nc.

Fo

r th

e first

qua

rte

r 2

013

exch

an

ge r

ate

was 2

60

CFA

fo

r 1

GH¢,

for

the

fo

urt

h q

ua

rte

r 20

12

, 2

68

CF

A f

or

1 G

H¢

, an

d f

or

the

first

qu

art

er

20

12

, 2

93

CF

A f

or

1 G

H¢

.

ANNEXE 2: Source Data, January 1 to March 31, 2013


NOTES



Documents

23 Road Governance Report - · PDF filequarter of 2013 . 23rd Road ... Q 3-10 Q 4-10 Q 1-11 Q 2-11 Q 3-11 Q 4-11 Q 1-12 Q 2-12 Q 3-12 Q 4-12 Q 1-13 IR TG indicato rs pe r 100 km