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22.3 Dawn of a New Era
• 1. Importance of Battle of Valmy• Defeat Prussians and ideals of the
monarchies• Saved spirit of the revolution• 2. Importance of Democratic reforms
made by National Convention 1792-1795• First democratic constitution in France• French Republic• Single legislature• Universal male suffrage• Standard metric system
• National Convention must deal with King Louis XIV – Correspondence with foreign monarchs as
evidence against him– Jan 1793 – executed by guillotine
Did the new constitution by the National
Convention represent “RADICAL” ideas?
13%
87%1. Yes
2. No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Liberty Equality Fraternity
100%1. Liberty and Justice for All
2. Life Liberty and Property
3. Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness
4. Liberty Equality and Fraternity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
With the new constitution in 1792, what became the motto for the new French Republic?
0%
100%
0%0%
1. Liberty and Justice for all
2. Life, Liberty, and Property
3. Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
4. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
King Louis XVI claimed to support the ideas of limited monarchy in the constitution of 1791. Does he still represent that idea? Which is accurate?
0%9%4%
87%1. Before he died, he prayed in a Catholic
Church.
2. Before he died, he claimed he still had a divine right to rule
3. Before he died, he confessed to the crimes of treason
4. Before he died, he apologized for ruining France
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Louis XVI’s attitude at the end helped justify the actions of the radicals.
35%
65%1. True
2. False
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
• 3. King’s quote pg 568• “...I fear that she may suffer the anger of
the Lord”• a. how does this reflect his belief in
absolute power and Divine Right? • b. how do you think the public
responded? • …did this help the cause of the
Revolutionaries?
• 4. Who were sans-culottes? • Paris shopkeepers, artisans, workers• ….they believed in? • Republic elected by “citizens” • Reject wealth, extravagance• Favor simple life
Sans-culottes would have represented….
18%
5%0%
73%
5%
1. The first estate
2. The second estate
3. The royalists
4. The third estate
5. The Moderates
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
• What was significant about their name? • “without knee breeches (britches) ” –
wear long pants- symbolic of simple working man
Pantaloons / trousers
http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=sans-culottes
culottes
• 5. Jacobins • Radicals • Believed in?
Republic, defend revolution and against monarchy
6. Girondists
Moderates – protect wealthy middle class from sans-culottes
Form opposition to Jacobins
7. Sans-culottes supported..? …result?
Jacobins – more radical measures and violence
• 8. other monarchs in Europe felt….? • Threatened by events in France• Would ally against France • England, Spain, Holland, Austria,
Prussia
• 9. Jacobins vs. Girondists • Jacobins threaten all monarchies in
Europe. Accuse Girondists of being Royalists, arrests, conscription, and more war
• A political spectrum to represent a broad range of views ; especially political.
• Fill in • Right – no change• Royalists, go back to the way things were• Middle – just a little change • Girondists• Left – lots of change, radicals, overthrow
revolution• Jacobins
• 10. Reign of Terror• Jacobins – “Save the
Revolution” eliminate all opposition
• Arbitrary arrests and punishments
• July 1793-July 1794 = 40,000 died
The Reign of Terror went against the original enlightenment ideas of the French Revolution
1. True
2. False
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
• After the successful revolutions, why do you think, (in both England and France) the leaders of the new government turned their back on the Enlightenment?
• 11. Republic of Virtue• Jacobin goal – create Republic
w/ good citizens • Universal elementary education• Teach agric. Skills• Temporary price controls• Abolish slavery in colonies• Encourage religious tolerance
The Republic of Virtue was filled with Enlightenment ideas
1. True
2. False
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
• 12 “By mid 1794, many people even favored a restoration of the monarchy.”
- why?
- TOO Radical, too fast, too extreme
- To Restore order
• 13. Directory and its problems
• 1795 – new constitution
• 5 member executive council
• 2 house legislature
• Faced opposition from radicals and royalists
• Economic problems
• Corruption (economic, political, personal) …..gee…..sound familiar?