22/03/2006Bernard Blandin1 Standards for e-learning An overview: definitions, genealogy, existing standards and standards in progress

22/03/2006 Bernard Blandin 1

Standards for e-learning

An overview: definitions, genealogy, existing standards and standards in

progress

Bernard Blandin 222/03/2006

A standard is…

"a document, established by consensus, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context" (ISO/IEC Guide 2, 2004)


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Types of standardsReference documents

Standards International (ISO,

IEC, IEEE, ITU)European (EN)National (AFNOR,

BSI, DIN, ANSI…) Recommendations

W3CAICC…

ChartersCode of PracticeQuality charters…

Conformance evaluation Third Party Evaluation

Accreditation (Technical competency)

Certification (Conformance to a Standard, to criteria…)

Self-evaluationCommitment to a COP, to a

charterCommitment to a Quality

approach…


Creation of a standard

Specifications, tests, thencreation of a standard by a community

The market imposes the standardThe standard is proposed

to a National Body

The standard is proposed to CEN

The standard is proposed to ISO

“De Facto” Standard

National Standard

European Standard

ISO Standard


The world of standards

Consensus

Common Principle

IS

FDIS

CD

WD

NP

Progression of the document

SC

CT

ISO

ActorsSituations

Resolutions

Ballot Resolution Meeting

Disposition of Comments

Ballot

Working Groups

Chair

Convener

Editor


Who creates specifications in e-learning?

Professional AssociationsEx: IEEE (« Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers »)

Companies ConsortiaEx: AICC (« Aviation Industry CBT Committee »)

Collaborative projects ConsortiaEx: IMS (Educause – USA)Ex: ADL-SCORM (Advanced Distributed Learning –

USA)Ex: ARIADNE (European project)

http://www.aicc.org/

http://www.imsproject.org/


Genealogy of e-learning standards

AICC

IMS SCORMDCMI

ARIADNE

MERLOT

CAN-CORE

IEEE - LTSC

Proprietary solutions

CEN - ISSS

EU Mandate

ISO JTC1SC36


E-Learning standards

Standards and Recommendations (DCMI, LOM, AICC, SCORM,

IMS-LD)


What is the « Dublin Core » ?

Identifier TitleLanguageDescriptionSubject CoverageTypeDate

CreatorOtherContributor Publisher Format Rights Relation Source

The « Dublin Core Metadata Initiative » (DCMI) proposed the first set of metadata in 1995


What are the LOM ?A set of metadata to describe Learning

resources adopted in 2002 by IEEE (IEEE 1484.12.1)

The LOM are divided into 9 categoriesGeneral LifecycleMeta-metadataTechnicalEducationalRightsRelationAnnotation Classification


LOM characteristicsThe Dublin Core fields are part of LOM

data elementsIn principle, LOM should be used as they

are, with data elements names and values in English

In practice, there are many LOM National profiles, with the names and values of data elements translated, and often comprising extra elements

National profiles of LOM are incompatible with the original IEEE LOM


The LOM-Fr heuristic diagram

Auteur

Éditeur

Contributeur

LOMFR

1. Général

2. Cycle de vie

3. Méta-métadonnées

4. Technique5. Pédagogique

6. Droits

7. Relation

8. Commentaire

9. Classification

1.1 Identifiant

1.2 Titre

1.3 Langue

1.4 Description

1.5 Mot clé libre

1.6 Couverture

1.7 Structure

1.8 Niveau d'agrégation

1.9 Date de référence

1.10 Type documentaire

2.1 Version

2.2 État de la ressource

2.3 Contribution

3.1 Identifiant

3.2 Contribution

3.3 Schéma de métadonnées

3.4 Langue

4.1 Format

4.2 Taille de la ressource

4.3 Localisation

4.4 Exigences techniques

4.5 Remarques d'installation

4.6 Autres exigences

4.7 Durée de la ressource

9.1 Objectif

9.2 Chemin taxon

9.3 Description

9.4 Mots-clés contrôlés

8.1 Entité

8.2 Date

8.3 Description

7.1 Type

7.2 Ressource

6.1 Coût

6.2 Droit d'auteur

6.3 Description

5.2 Type pédagogique

5.5 Public cible

5.6 Niveau

5.7 Age de l'apprenant

5.8 Difficulté

5.9 Durée d'apprentissage

5.10 Proposition d'utilisation

5.11 Langue de l'utilisateur

5.12 Activité induite

5.13 Validation des acquis

1.1.1 Catalogue

1.1.2 Entrée

3.1.1 Catalogue

3.1.2 Entrée

7.2.1.1 Catalogue

7.2.1.2 Entrée

2.3.1 Rôle

2.3.2 Entité

2.3.3 Date

3.2.1 Rôle

3.2.2 Entité

3.2.3 Date

4.4.1OrComposite

4.4.1.1 Type

4.4.1.2 Nom

4.4.1.3 Version minimale

4.4.1.4 Version maximale

7.2.1 Identifiant

7.2.2 Description

9.2.1 Source

9.2.2 Taxon9.2.2.1 Id

9.2.2.2 Entrée

Discipline

Idée

Objectif pédagogique

Pré-requis pédagogique

Légende

Compatibilité

DublinCoreType de données

VocabulaireVcard

Durée

Obligation

O Obligatoire

R Recommandé

F Facultatif

I Implicite

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

RR

O

O

O

O

F

F

F

F

F I

I

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

I

II

F

F

F

I

I

I

I

7 56

121110

8 4

21

9 3

7 56

121110

8 4

21

9 3

7 56

121110

8 4

21

9 3


What is AICC ?A set of recommendations and technical reportsThe AICC Guidelines and Recommendations

(AGR) deal withHardware (AGR002), peripheral devices (AGR005)Platforms Interoperability (AGR006 et AGR010), content

exchange (AGR007)Medias: audio (AGR003) and video (AGR008)Interfaces: Windows (AGR004) and icons (AGR009)

Technical reports detail recommendations and certification procedures


AICC CharacteristicsThe fact that all Recommendations are

implemented is not verifiableOnly Recommendations on

Interoperability are verifiable and testable

Therefore only AGR006, AGR007, AGR010 can be certified


What is SCORM ?


SCORM CharacteristicsIt is a set of specifications dealing with:

The way to assemble resources Paths allowed (navigation between resources) Information interchange between resources and the

LMS

SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 2004 are not compatible

Conformance to SCORM, to-day, means SCORM 2004 certification…


IMS – LD (UML Diagram Level A)


Example (description)


Example (activity diagram)


E-Learning standards

The International Standards published and in progress


Current fields of Standardization

FieldAICC IMS IEEE CEN-ISSS ISO / IEC

JTC1-SC36

Hardware AGR 2 & 5

InteroperabilityAGR 6, 7 &

10

CMI-DM ECMA API

SIF

Medias AGR 3 & 8

Man-Machine Interface AGR 4 & 9

Content DescriptionCP, SS

LDLOM

RAMLET I-R-L

LOMs MLR

System Architecture GWSBP LTSA LET Env.

Collaborative Technologies A2A COM

Information on participant LIP PAPI LIP LAI

Description of CompetenciesRDCEO

E-PortfolioRCD

EM-LC

(RDCEO)LPI

CIPM

Accessibility ACCLIP AP-LR IAA

Intellectual Property DREL

Quality QAS QMAM


ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 Activities (March 2006)

• SC36/WG1 -- Vocabulary– ISO/IEC 2382-36, Information Technology Vocabulary -- Part 36: LET Apr-2001, 03:CD1, 04:CD2, 05:CD3– ISO/IEC 19781-1: ITLET -- Registry -- Part 1: Registry content Feb-2003, 03:CD1– ISO/IEC 19781-2: ITLET -- Registry -- Part 2: Registration authority process Feb-2003, 03:CD1

• SC36/WG2 -- Collaborative Technology– ISO/IEC 19778-1: ITLET -- Collaborative Technology -- Cooperative Workplace Apr-2001, 02:CD1– ISO/IEC 19779-1: ITLET -- Collaborative Technology -- A2A Communication Apr-2001, 05:Outline WD1– ISO/IEC 19780-1: ITLET -- Collaborative Technology -- L2L Interaction Scheme. Apr-2001, 03:CD1, 05:CD2

• SC36/WG3 -- Participant Information– ISO/IEC 24703: Information Technology -- Participant identifiers Aug-2001, 01:CD1, 02:FCD, 04:IS– ISO/IEC 19787: ITLET -- Participant performance information Jan-2003, 03: CD1, 04:CD2– ISO/IEC 24726: ITLET -- Description of performance metrics Jan-2003, Oct-2005: withdrawn– ISO/IEC xxxxx: ITLET -- Description of language capabilities Feb-2004, Mar-2006: Withdrawn– ISO/IEC xxxxx: ITLET -- Conceptual model for competencies and related terms Oct-2005 PDTR

• SC36/WG4 -- Management and Delivery– ISO/IEC 19783: ITLET -- Management and delivery -- FW DMs and binding Jul-2002, 04:withdrawn– ISO/IEC 19788: ITLET -- Metadata for Learning Resources Jul-2003, 05:WD1

• SC36/WG5 -- Quality Assurance and Descriptive Frameworks– ISO/IEC 19796: ITLET -- Quality Management, Assurance and Metrics Jul-2003, 03:CD1, 05:IS (Part 1), 06: CD1(Part

2-3-4)– NP Ballot For: ITLET -- Descriptive framework for LET Mar-2000, 04:NP failed, 05:renounced

• SC36/WG6 -- International Standardized Profiles (ISP)– ISO/IEC 24725: ITLET -- Specification and use of extensions and profiles [TR] Feb-2004, 05:withdrawn– ISO/IEC 24725-2: ITLET -- Profiles of standards and specifications -- REL Mar-2005, 03:PDISP, 05:FPDISP– ISO/IEC 24725-x: ITLET -- Framework and Taxonomy of PSS May-2005, 05:CD1

• SC36/WG7 -- Culture/Language/Human-Functioning Activities– ISO/IEC 19786: ITLET -- Participant accommodation information Jan-2003, 04:CD2, 06: CD3– ISO/IEC 24751: ITLET -- Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility in E-LET Feb-2005, 05:3 WDs for 3 Parts

New

New


The actors in ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 in March 2006• SC36 Secretariat: David Hyde BSI/UK (February 2006)

SC36 Chair is Bruce People (USA) – 22 Participating Members, 5 Observing Members• New WG1 Convener: David Clemis (Canada)

– Editors: Jon Mason (Australia) for ISO/IEC 2382-36 and Frank Farance (USA) for ISO/IEC 19781

• WG2 Convener: Toshio Okamoto (Japan)– Editors: Kiyoshi Hara for ISO/IEC 19778 CW, Co-Editors In Sook Lee and Tae In Han

(Korea) for ISO/IEC 19779 A2A, Co-Editors Akihiko Koga (Japan) and Norm Friesen (Canada) for ISO/IEC 19780 CLC

• New WG3 Convener: Bernard Blandin (France)– Editors: Frank Farance (USA) for ISO/IEC 24703 and ISO/IEC 19787, Co-Editors Bernard

Blandin (France) and Simone Laughton (Canada) for ISO/IEC 24763• New WG4 Convener: Gilles Gauthier (Canada)

– Co-Editors: Yolaine Bourda (France) and Shi Yuan Chun (China) for ISO/IEC 19788• WG5 Acting Convener: Christian Stracke (Germany) (call for new convener spring 2006)

– Co-Editors: Jan Pawlowski (Germany) for all parts of 19796, Tae-In Han (Korea) for 19796-2, Kenji Hirata (Japan) for 19796-3, Duk Hoon Kwak (Korea) 19796-4

• WG6 Co-Conveners: Yang Zongkai (China) and Prof. Zhu Zhiting (China)– Editors: Li Zheng (China) and Cheng Wenqing (China) for ISO/IEC 24725-1

• WG7 Convener: Erlend Overby (Norway)– Editors: Frank Farance (USA) for ISO/IEC 19786, Co-Editors Jutta Treviranus (Canada),

Liddy Nevile (Australia) and Andy Heath (UK) for ISO/IEC 24751• RG1 Chair: Patrick Towell (UK)• SWG Chair: Bruce Peoples (USA)


Any question ?

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22/03/2006Bernard Blandin1 Standards for e-learning An overview: definitions, genealogy, existing standards and standards in progress