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8/2/2019 22 Pidgins and Creoles
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Pidgins and creoles
Popular terms:PidginCreolePatois [patwa]
Uneducated EnglishNative dialect, etc.
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http://www.etymonline.com
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http://www.etymonline.com
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Pidgins and creoles
Linguistic usage:Pidgin: a contact language betweenadults with different first languagesCreole: a second-generationlanguage spoken by children whogrow up in a pidgin community.
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Pidgins and creoles
Pidgin: contact language betweenadults with different first languages
Audio clip from Margaret Johnson, BAthesis on Kárahnjúkar (see next slide for text)
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A : We no talk speak Mario drill outside.B: Marius tried to call you in the phone. No connection.
Zero. A : A ha. Two zero yes.B: Yes. Marius needs to speak to you. A : A ha. No you speak (oh) zero..B. So that Marius asked you to please go outside A : A haB: because A : A ha yes ah, Marius ask me, OK. Marius kom.B: Yes. Call - phone. A : Mhm. De Marius, de Marius kom.B: No, no kom. A : No?B: Speak in phone. A : A ha.
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Margaret Jónsson, 2007. Contact Languages: Kárahnjúkar . B A essay
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Pidgins and creoles
Grammatical and syntactical similarity of creoles.
Theories of origin:µForeigner-talk¶ theoryMonogenetic theoryPolygenetic theory
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Pidgins and creolesµForeigner-talk¶ theory
Masta
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Pidgins and creoles
Monogenetic theory:(this is the theory mentioned by Wells 7.1.2.,p. 562. See also Todd.)
The original Mediterranean creole Sabir, i.e. proto-Creole, was relexified by Portuguese, later by French,English, Dutch etc.
Sabir
Portuguesepidgin
Englishpidgin
Frenchpidgin
Dutchpidgin
means "relexified to"
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Pidgins and creoles
First language acquisition:Where there is a fully developed
language available to children, theywill acquire it.First languages are not aquired bycopying, but by re-creation from keyfeatures
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Pidgins and creoles
Where there is not a fully developedlanguage available for children, they
create their own
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Pidgins and creoles
pidginsmall vocabulary
lack of stable grammar creole
grammar and vocabulary becomeelaboratedgrammar develops µrules¶ ± nativespeakers
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Pidgins and creoles
Thus we assume that unorganized vocabulary will organise (creolize) itself into language with generation renewal.Call this the polygenetic theory of pidgin/creole origin
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Pidgins and creolesPolygenetic theory
Masta
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Pidgins and creoles
Why is the vocabulary taken from theMasta language rather than one of the
vernaculars?1. Prestige - the masta's language has p ower , centrality.
2. The masta's language is always present3. The masta's language is equally alien to
all vernaculars; it is the only languagethat none of the slaves speaks.
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Creolization:
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Pidgins and creoles
Children of Turkish immigrants in Hamborg inthe 60s-70s did not create a creole out of their parent's immigrant-pidgin. Why not?
But children of the slaves who worked oncotton planatations in the southern States hadno access to standard English and sodeveloped ('creolized') their own languageusing their parents' pidgin.
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Post-creolecontinuum(Jamaica)
Acrolect
Mesolect
Basilect
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D ecreolization(Jamaica)
Acrolect
Mesolect
Basilect
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N ocontinuum:diglossic(Surinam)
AcrolectD utch
Basilect:Sranan Tongo
(one of many languages)
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N ocontinuum:diglossic(Haiti)
AcrolectFrench
Basilect:Haitian Creole:
Kreyòl ayisyen
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A lsop 1958, see Bickerton Dymanics (9)
Guyanan Creole:
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Surinam:Fred ben de a tweede boi fu en mama. A ben tapu siksi yari kba. En bigi brada bennem Emil. Wan dei di a ben waka na strati,a ben si wan swarfudosu. A skopu enwantu meter moro fara. A waka moro faraèn a skopu a dosu baka. Dan a yere wansten taki: "Teki a dosu." A teki a dosu èn aluku na ini. Dri dala ben de na ini. Fred no
ben sabi omeni moni ben de ini a dosu. Soa waka langalanga go na oso.http://www.sil.org/americas/suriname/sranan/English/SrananEngLLIndex.html
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http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg449/12feature.html
http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Shots.html
http://www.wazobiafm.com
http://www.wazobiafm.com/stream.html
stream:
http://radiotime.com/WebTuner.aspx?StationId=109503&
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http://www.wazobiafm.com
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http://www.wazobiafm.com
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http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/tokpisin/
http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/flash/listen/otherLanguages_Tok.htm
decreolisation / relixification and phrases from English:http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/flash/listen/podcasts_Tok.htmYut forum ± first programme
http://www.wazobiafm.com/lagos951/# from 7:00
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http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/tokpisin/news/stories/201101/s3121740.htm
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Wikipedia:Nicaraguan Sign Language
video athttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/libr ary/07/2/l_072_04.html
nativism vs. cultural learning
Google Michael Tomasello
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