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22 Aug
Agenda• Welcome to Biology• Seating Chart• Characteristics of Life
– WB, discussion, lecture
HW:1. Read syllabus.2. Get signatures on
syllabus and safety contract.
Opener:What comes to mind when you think of Biology?
Welcome to Biology!
• Objective sheets• SharePoint 2007• Tardies• Cell phones• Whiteboarding
Characteristics of Life - Whiteboarding
BIOLOGY
On your white board:
1. Make a list of 10 things that are alive in the photos.2. Make a list of 5 things that are not alive in the
photos3. Try to make a list of characteristics that all living
things have in common
The study ofLife
Characteristics of Life
1. Reproduce2. Use Energy3. Have Organization- made of
cells4. Regulate internal
environment• Homeostasis
5. Grow and Develop6. Respond to environment7. Adapt through
evolutionary processes
25 AugAgenda• Syllabus Qs?/Grading
policy/ Room Safety • Review Characteristics • Research Components
HW:1. Read syllabus.2. Get signatures on syllabus
and safety contract.
• Opener:– How many of the
characteristics of life can you remember from Friday?
Characteristics of Life
1. Reproduce2. Use Energy3. Have Organization- made of
cells4. Regulate internal
environment• Homeostasis
5. Grow and Develop6. Respond to environment7. Adapt through
evolutionary processes
What is Science?
Is it something one knows?or
Is it something one does?
Yes!
Using ScienceA vacant lot was recently donated to the village of Darien. The city would like to restore it to native Illinois prairie. The soil is in very bad shape and you’ll need to add nutrients to it to maximize growth. You have 2 jobs:
• Decide what to plant in the new prairie.
• Decide what fertilizers need to be added to the soil to make the prairie plants grow best.
Types of Research
Field studies:• Observational,
descriptive• Used when a researcher
needs to study subjects in a natural setting
Types of Research
Controlled Experiments Determines causation;
One variable causes the other variable to change;
Groups are compared to each other (control and experimental groups)
Observations: facts that can be obtained using senses or extensions of senses
Qualitative Data : • Deals with
descriptions. • Data can be observed
but not measured. • Colors, textures,
smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.
• Qualitative → Quality
Quantitative Data:• Data which can be
measured. • Length, height, area,
volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. • Quantitative → Quantity
Research Components
– Observation- facts that can be obtained using senses or extensions of senses• ex. My cell phone won’t turn- on when I press the
power button
– Inference- drawing a conclusion based on data and observation• Ex. The battery is dead
IV/DV– Independent variable (IV)- What is being
manipulated (changed)
– Dependent variable(DV)- What is being measured
Back to the prairie restoration…• Decide what to plant in the new prairie.- Field Study• Decide what fertilizers need to be added to make the
prairie plants grow best.- Controlled Experiment
• Independent Variable:• Dependent Variable: • Will your data be
qualitative or quantitative?
26 Aug
Agenda• Collect signed syllabi• Tetrazolium lab
HW:Finish lab handout
Opener:A scientist hypothesized exposure to cold weather would cause weight gain. Her results showed that rats exposed to 4°C for 21 days weighed 15% less than rats who were kept at 22°C.IV:DV:Qualitative or quantitative? What type of investigation is this?
Tetrazolium Lab
• Safety:– Goggles– Aprons– Razor safety
Work on lab handout during incubation time
1. Organize your lab 2. Add a thin layer of
tetrazolium to your petri dish3. Slice corn seeds so you
expose the most inner surface area
4. Place cut side down in the tetrazolium for 10 minutes
5. Record data6. Clean lab area
27 Aug• Opener– Why is it important to
have multiple trials/ subjects in a good scientific experiment?
• Agenda– Talk about/Turn in
Plant lab – Intro to stats activity
• Homework– none
28 Aug
Agenda:• Experiment
Critique Partner activity
• Review for tomorrow’s quiz
HW• Study for Quiz
Tomorrow
OpenerWhat 2 things can whisker bars tell us?
Column1 Without Auxin With Auxin
Plant Height (mm) Height (mm)
Average 6.20 8.60SEM 0.58 0.51
10.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
What was the… 5. IV?6. DV?7. Control Group?8. Experimental
Group?
1. How do the averages compare?2. How would you describe the data
variance?3. Is there a statistically significant
difference between these two groups?
4. State how you know this.
Pea seeds were grown in a controlled environment. Half of the plants were treated with the plant hormone Auxin.
w/o Auxin w/ Auxin
Plan
t hei
ght (
mm
)
Column1 Without Auxin With Auxin
Plant Height (mm) Height (mm)
Average 6.20 8.60SEM 0.58 0.51
10.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
What was the… 5. IV? Auxin Treatment6. DV? Plant Height7. Control Group? w/o Auxin8. Experimental Group? w/ Auxin
1. How do the averages compare?The plants with Auxin were on average 2.4 mm taller than the plants without
2. How would you describe the data variance?The relatively small whisker bars indicate good, reliable data.
3. Is there a statistically significant difference between these two groups? Yes4. State how you know this. The whisker bars don’t overlap
Pea seeds were grown in a controlled environment. Half of the plants were treated with the plant hormone Auxin.
w/o Auxin w/ Auxin
Plan
t hei
ght (
mm
)
Opening Q:
1. Is the data represented by the yellow bar good data? How did you make your decision?
2. Is there a statistically significant difference between the 2 sets of data?
Agenda:• Quiz
• Review The tetrazolium lab
HW: none!
29 Aug
Average0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Opener:
• Pretend this room is completely sealed and there is absolutely no airflow. If I opened a bottle of perfume at the front of the room, would a person in the back of the room ever smell it? Why or why not?
2 Sept
Agenda
• Equilibrium and Homeostasis
• Whiteboard – Homeostasis of body temperature
• Positive and negative feedback
• Components of a model• Whiteboard – Homeostasis
of body temperature
HW: none
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. All matter is made of atoms2. All atoms are in constant motion3. Increasing the energy will increase the
motion
Equilibrium
• When all molecules are evenly distributed, they are at equilibrium
• Do molecules stop moving when equilibrium is reached? • Requires no energy, it just happens• Examples are osmosis and diffusion• Not always good for living systems…
NO!
Homeostasis
• Living things need homeostasis, not equilibrium
• Homeostasis: Keeping internal conditions constant– Body temperature– Blood glucose levels– Water levels– Mineral, vitamin, electrolyte concentrations
Whiteboard – Model body temperature homeostasis
• With your group, make a model of how our body maintains our body temperature
Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback loops
This is an example of negative feedback:
Let’s define negative feedback:
Negative Feedback in Blood Glucose Maintenance
Positive feedback is rare and it disrupts homeostasis
Positive feedback loops ruin homeostasis – even in large scale biological systems
Redo body temp homeostasis model
Closing Question
• Compare and contrast homeostasis and equilibrium
Opening :Give some examples to show the difference between equilibrium and homeostasis?
Agenda
• Review Negative and Positive feedback
• Intro to lab claim• Safety and probe use
instructions• Lab exploration
HW: none
3 Sept
Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback loops
Lab introduction
Claim:
Tissues from living organisms have feedback mechanisms that
maintain homeostasis.
Safety and Probes
Opening :Give some examples to show the difference between equilibrium and homeostasis?
Agenda
• Data Collection/ Analysis for homeostasis Lab
HW: no quiz tomorrowWe will be working on our lab
write-ups and revising our body temp models.
4 Sept
Opening :Give some examples to show the difference between equilibrium and homeostasis?
Agenda
• Analyze lab data and report findings
• Revisit body temp models
HW: finish lab
5 Sept
Agenda
• Collect Homeostasis Lab• Finish Models• Levels of organization
HW: none
8 SeptOpeningOn a blank sheet of paper, sketch out a model of human body temperature homeostasis.
1. Pick 1 response from your diagram and explain how it is an example of negative feedback.
Sweating is an example of negative feedback because increased body temperature causes it and the result is to lower body temperature.2. Pick another response from your diagram and
explain what it would be like if it were positive feedback.
If shivering was part of positive feedback it would cause the body to become colder; which would cause more shivering.
Put the following terms in order from smallest to biggest:• Population• Organism• Molecule• Community• Cell• Ecosystem• Organ• Atom
Levels of Organization
Levels of OrganizationPut the following terms in order form smallest to biggest:• Atom• Molecule• Cell- smallest unit of life• Organ• Organism• Population- a group of organisms of the same species
living in the same area• Community- all the populations of an area• Ecosystem- The community plus the nonliving
elements
Opening :Is this a bike?
Agenda
• Emergence• Nova Science Now• Emergence
activity• TED
HW: none
9 Sept
How about this?
What can this do that the pile of parts couldn’t?
EMERGENCE
Nova Science Now: Emergence
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/emergence.html
EMERGENT PROPERTIES
Emergent Properties
New property or function that arises out of the interactions of the parts of the system.
Complex phenomena that arise from individual pieces/organisms following simple rules.
Emergent Properties –
Connect to Levels of Organization
SWARM BEHAVIOR IN ROBOTS
Vijay Kumar: Robots that fly ... and cooperate
http://www.ted.com/talks/vijay_kumar_robots_that_fly_and_cooperate?language=en
Opening :Take out a half a sheet of paper and your notes
Agenda
• Participation Quiz• Evolution Misconceptions
HW: none
10 Sept
Participation Quiz
1. Put the following in order from smallest to largest:a. community b. population c. atom d. molecule e. organism
2. How does a school of fish demonstrate emergence?
3. What is positive feedback?
E.C. Can you describe how a car crash on the side of the road could result in a positive feedback loop for traffic?
Participation Quiz
1. Put the following in order from smallest to largest:
c. atom d. molecule e. organism b. population a. community
2. How does a school of fish demonstrate emergence?
Complex phenomena that arise from individual pieces/organisms following simple rules.
3. What is positive feedback?
Positive feedback is when the response to a stimulus increases the stimulusE.C. Can you describe how a car crash on the side of the road could result in a positive feedback loop for traffic?
Evolution Misconceptions
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IHowitworks.shtml
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/selection/misconceptions/
11 Sept• Opener
– What’s the difference between evolution and natural selection?
Agenda:• Natural Selection notes• Natural Selection
Scenario
• HomeworkFinish N.S. Scenario
worksheet
Natural selection There is heritable variation within
populations
More offspring are born than can survive
The result is a competition for limited resources
Some organisms survive & reproduce based on adaptationCharles Darwin
Natural Selection Scenario
1. Choose a population of organisms (animal, plant, etc.) Apple Tree
2. Give an example of genetic variation in a trait that the organisms could display
(size, color, senses, etc.) Apples that range from sweet to slightly
bitter
3. Select an environment for the organisms to live in.
Normal forest with a healthy deer population
4. Based on your selected trait and environment, explain how some organisms are
more successful at surviving and reproducing than others.
The deer tend to eat the sweeter apples at a higher rate than
the slightly bitter apples.
5. Describe a change in the environment that would cause the
previously successful organisms to be not as successful. A new
insect, the Apple Beetle, that eats only the sweetest apples is
introduced to the forest. They will not eat the apples with
any bitterness at all.
6. Discuss how the change in environment has led to a change in the
population of your selected organism. Now the sweet apple trees
are not getting their seeds spread as much as the slightly
bitter apple trees. The more bitter trees are now
reproducing at a faster rate than the sweeter trees.
7. Draw a graph the represents the change in the population over time
Change in Apple Tree distribution over time
Rela
tive
Abun
danc
e (%
)
Time
0
100
Introduction of Apple beetle
Sweet
Bitter
Agenda:• Discuss & Revise Natural
Selection Scenario• Life: Insects
Homework:• Start to think about what
experiment you’ll run on Monday
12 Sept
• OpenerWhat is this animal?
Agenda:• Intro Termites• Begin to design
experimentHomework:• Start to think about what
experiment you’ll run on Tomorrow
15 Sept
• OpenerHow come termites can eat wood, but we can’t?
E.O Wilson & Ant Hormones
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HKl8Luuotw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ClwpgtWP_Y&feature=related
Fun with Termites
Agenda:• Lab: Design and complete
your hypothesis-based experiment
Homework:• Formative Quiz on lab
tomorrow
16 Sept• Opener– How could you
represent the data you’re going to collect graphically?
Termite Lab
The Lab• Think of an question
you’d like to investigate with the termites.
• Materials can be found on the center table.
• See Mr. Gotlund for termites.
The Write-up• Take good notes on your
experiment• Things to include in your
notes– Question investigated– Hypothesis– IV/DV– Type of data– Conclusions – Extensions– Sources of error– Any other information you
feel is important
17 SeptOpener
• Agenda – Review
• Homework– Study for Friday’s test
18 SeptOpener– O
• Agenda – Review
• Homework– Study for
tomorrow’s test
19 Sept
• Agenda – Unit 1 Exam
• Homework– None- Enjoy
homecoming!