21st Bomber Command Tactical Mission Report 172

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    U I S S I O N N O . 172FLO W N 11 M AY 1 9 4 5

    C O p y N O . 4 1 .

    HEADQUARTERSXXI BOMBER COMMAND

    APO 114

    ,,

    J

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    HE i lDC l , l l iRTERS:X XI B OM BER CO AW .N !)

    APO 234TACTICAL MISSION REPORT

    Fi eld Order No. 74 Miss.ion No. 172TarKet: nmanishi Airarart Plant. 90.25-1702

    K OB E. JA PA N11 ~y 1945.

    TabIe of contentsPage~

    T a ct ieal Nlrra he .. 1. . .Annex A 8

    910111 31 31 . 5

    - Operations. Fart I - Navigation Track Chart Part II .. Aiming points .' part III .. Flight Engineering Charts.Fart IV .. Radar part V .. Gunnery. part VI - Air-8ea Rescue Chart

    Annex B .. iie,ather , 16part I .. \leather Su:mmary. 17Part II .. Chart .. Forecast Weather VS.

    Observed \"leather. 19Part III .. R'ognostic Map 20part IV - Synopt io ~ p. 21

    .Annex C .. Communications.. 22part I .. Radar Counter Measures. 23part 11 ..Radio 24

    l~nex D - Intelligence. 2 5Fart r - Enemy Air Opposition 26part II - Enemy Antiaircraft and

    Air-to ...Air Bombing. 27:pert III - Damage Assessment. .. 29

    Annax E .. Consolidated Statistical swmnary. " . . . . 3 34347

    ,Annex F .. XXI Bomber Comm,nndFi aId Order. . .Annex G .. Distri button. ~ . . .

    Prepared By:A-2 SectiOD-XXI Bomber COl'lll1land

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    :::::::::::::::::11'1.1SECRET: a v Auth. of the C.G.XXI Bomber Canmand6 July 45 J. D.G: ,Date Initials

    : : : : : ; : : : = : : : : : f:::::;:H FA DQ U AR r E RSXXI BOMBEROMMND

    APO 2346 Jl1 .1y 1945

    ,SUBJECT: Report of Operations. 11May 1945TO: COlll!l)9.nlingGeneral, Twentieth Ai:r Force. Washington 25 t D.C.

    1. IDENl'IFICATION OF MISSION:a. Field Order Numbe.r74, Headquarters XXI Bomber Command.

    dated 10 May 1945. direoted the 58th, Urd, and 314th Bombardment Wingsto take part in an at tack on the Kawanishi A:i,.rcraft ?lant in tb e ~obearea. and the 3l3th Wing to ",ovide a forae to st~ilre at KyUshu Air ..fields at approximately the sane time. This report will deal only withMission Numb'er172, the attGck on the Kawanishi A'irc-raft Plant.

    b. Targets Specified:(1) Pr illDry Visua! and Radar Tar@:et.: Kawanishi Aircraft

    Company, Assembly Works. Fume P1aRt; located in, the Kobe ar ee (Target90.25-1702).

    (2) No secondary or last resort ta~gets were named.2. STRATEGYN D PLA IiB O F O PER AT IO NS :

    a. Selection of D-Day: On the basis of a weather forecastthat predicted favorable conditions for a strike. firm decision wasmade to attack on 11May. It was felt that this attack would serve asa diversion to the force attacking the Kyushu Airfields at approximatelythe same time.

    b. Importance of the TarBet: This is one of Kawanishi' S {leTolerand smaller aircraft plcbts. The plant recently took' over production ofthe 4- engine flying boat. Emily. from xawanishi Is nearby Na:ruo Plant andin addition. it produces a n e w twin-engine land-based plane, the Kanan63.

    c. Details of Planning Operational:(1) BombingPlans:

    (a) Determination of BombLoad:1. It was decided that airoraft on thi~ mission

    would oarry 100 PEIl'c e n t .sOO-pound general-purpose bombs, fuzed .01second delay nose and non-delay tai 1.~. Tbe pr imary buildings of this area were oflong apan , steel frame cQnstruc1d.on. and were subject tQ spreading col.lapse. Larger size bombs would be more effective against this tyPe of

    building and were given serious consideration, but due to the limitedtime between mission planning and take-Off. necessary changes of bombracks could not be made. Therefore. the SOD-pound general-purpose bcmb

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    SECRET------waB selected since it would allow a maximum tonnage of high explosives tobe released on the target. This would result in a multiple number ofbomb hits, thereby assuring maximumd.amage to building oontents in addi-tion to lnter;rupting operations.

    1 . Because of the slight combustibility of theprimary buildings in the target area and because of limitations ofsupply, incelldiary munitions were not employed.

    A . The .Ol-second delay nose fuze was selectedSince it would allow bomb burst 6 to 10 feet beneath the roof level.giving maximumdamage to building contents. The non-delay tail fUZewas selected. in order to give ground-level burst to -near-miss" bombs

    . 5 . . Aircraft were to be loaded to obtain m9Xipnmltonnage of high explosives ov&r the ta.rget area.

    (b) Bombilll2:Datl;l:. (See Annex AI pa.rt~lI; for"'FhotoShowing b.iming Pointa~)

    1 . The mean point of impact selected was thecenter of the plant. Inasmuch 65 the tQrget would be the mest prcmin-ent point in the surrounding area, it was felt that justifiable resultscould be expected if the weather were 8S briefed.

    g. The primory factors Which dete.rmined thenxis of at tack on this mission were antiairoraft, drift, z-adar approaches,and a distinguishable initial point. En'emyantiaircraft defenses wereso placed that an axis of attack runnipg from 180 to 360 degrees wouldbe the best suited. However, an axis of at tack of 360 degrees at 20,000fbt>t would hove caused excessive drift on the bombrun. The projectingpoint of land at 34l6N-13504E would allow Q run of 23 degrees to thetarget and would limit the amount o~ drift at 20,000 feet to 15 degre~Bright. This initinl point would be very easy to identify. and inaddi-tion, the northern tip of A'WajaShiml would serve as an excellent checkpoint on the target run. A minimumnmount of time would be spent inthe antiaircraft areas (see ! O r 2)d (2., using this axis of attack, andthe radar approach to the torget would be gocd , The designat ad axis ofattack and bombing altitudes for 0. .11 3 Wings 'l"lere 23 degrees true and16.000 to 20,000, feet, respectively.

    a . Since the sun at the time o t attack would bemt 125 degrees, no difficulty was expected from glare. The surface windwas predicted to be from 270-360 degrees and was expected to blow awaythe smoke in the target area, thus allowing all squadrons participatingto ident ify their aiming points.

    (2) NaVigation':(a) All 3 Wings wer to use the following route;

    ~ Reasons for ChoiceB :l se to Assembly 1toReassembly Jto3416N~13504E (Initialto POint)

    Tacticol DoctrinePoints were selected off the coast in caseof bad Vlenther at Iwo J"imn.This jet of land in Osako Bo~ would give ex-cellent ch6 ck point for the turn to the target.

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    Targetto3454NIJ523Eto3446N.13550EtoBase

    This route was selected in order to avoidflak defenses.This route was selected in order to avoidflak defenses.

    (3) Flight En~ineerinB:(8) Designated altitude.s and speeds, except for the

    bombing run , were selected for maximumfuel economy and safety.(b) Fuel reserve data from previous formation mis-sions at the pLanned altitudes indicated that the 73rd Wi.ng(Saipan)

    would require full wing and center wing tanks or a total fuel loadof approximately 6750 gallons. It was estimated that the average air-craft of the 58th (Tinion) and 314th (Guam) Wings would require, inaddition to full wing and center wing tanks, Ipartiallyfilled bombboy tank for a total fuel load of approximately 6950 to 7.300 gallons.

    (c) Nomaximumor minimumbomb load was spec if i eli It was estinoted that average aircraft of the 58th, 73rd, and 3l4thWings would be able to carry potential loads of 12,000, 12,000, and9000 pounds respectively. An a.mmunition load of approximately 1500pound~ per aircraft gas planned.

    (4) ~:(o ) The radar landfall uas to be made at various

    assembly points ard the distinctive coastal features were expected tobe an aid for positioning the aircraft by radar. A commoninitialpoint C34l6N-13504E) was chosen since i1; is a peninsula easily ide.n-tified either by radar or visual means.

    (b) The target itself' could not be separated ficmthe coastline as a distinct and separate radar return. HouevE.r. therewoul.d be on excellent opporturnity to sst course on the irregular baycoastline, and thereby identif~ the target location b, y radar means.

    (c) A radar release on this target, which projectsout into the bay. 'Would be accurate for range because of the land-w_ter contrast. but- only fair in defil.;~ction due to the biending of thecoastline and the target return. The approochby radar for visualsighting was considered to be good.

    (d) The target was not considered a good radartarget because of its SlMll size. It was chosen as a primary radartarget because there wa~ no other suitable radar target situated onthis a xis of attack.(5) Rad.or Counte:r Measurest In order to continue ageneral search of Japanese R a d a r equipment fram 38-3300 me, it woe

    plElnned to bo.ve 5 Radar Counter Measures Observers participate in themission using AFR-4. APA-ll. and APA.24 equipment. Search was to beconducted in the area north of approximately 30 degrees North.

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    (6) Air-Seo. Rescue:(0.) ~Ta_,'o1: The:Navy was furnished with the details

    of the mission and provided the following air-sell rescue racili ties:1. Two submarines were assigned for the entire

    mission a s follo\7s: nt-.3330N-13630E and at 3100N-l.3800E.._ g . o Thre; Dumbcs were assigned as f.ollows: at274.5N-13945E from ll03152 to 110515Z; 0.1; 261Y1~J. 'p).3QE frem ll0.34.5Z 11 0l lO. . s45Z; and at 200ON-14330E from l1033BZ tollO?3OZ~1. One surface vess.el was assigned for the

    entire mission"ot 1800N-14430E.k . Crash boats were assigned in the immediate

    vicinity of Snipen, Tinian, and North .Field I Guam, to enrry out 0. ir-sea rescue work during critical periods of taIte-off end landing.

    (b) ,Army: This command assigned .3Sl,lper-Dumbos(B~9.s) to orbit the submarine positions listed above for the retu+nflight Q f all aircraft on the mission. TwoSuper-Dumbos ""ere 'b o orbitat 3330N-13630E and 1 at 310ON-13800~.

    d. Details of Planning -- Intelligence:(1) Enemy Fighter Reaction: The enemy air order of

    battle for the Osaka-Kobe area at this time was estimated to be 100fighters. of which 18 wer e twin-engine aircraft. Approximotely 70 ofthe single-engine fighters were believed to be navy-type interceptors.(Georges nnd Zekes) with well-trained pilots.

    (2.) Enemy Antiaircraft:(a J Heavy guns were disposed as fo1101";8: Kobe - 62 i

    Osaka - 289 i northeast of Osalro - 6; Kyot0 - at least 32; Akashi - 15;.and Himeji - 18.(b) The approach to the target area fran. Tokura Cape,

    southeast of oscka on osasn Bay, is on an axis of attack of 23 degreesto tho:>target. This approach avoids the Aknshi defenses, west of Kobebrings the a ir or af t within range of the Kobe defenses for the leastpossible time. It also keeps the airoraft out of range of the groaterpart of the OsnIm defenses.

    (c) The aircraft were to continue on course acrossKobe and out of the defense area, inasmuch as 0. brenkaway to the rightwould have put the aircraft.over the large defenses of Osaka, while abreakaway to the left :would huveput \vithin eff lotive range of theHimeji-Akashi defenses. It ~as f u rther decided t ha t. nf tb r leavingthe Kobe defense ar eo , the o.ircroft were to turn w8St betweon tbe Osaknand Kyoto defenses and then southeast to land's end.

    (d) A Pasa altitude of 16,000 feet was r -econmcnd.edand is commensurote with the moximum drift limits for good bombing. accuraCl-.

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    3. EXECUTIONOFTHEMISSION:a. Tnke-off: . Take-off was nccomplished as fo1100's:

    Aircroft First LastWing Airborne Take-off Take-off58th 38 101632Z 10175&73rd 22 1016542. 101706z314th _Jjg 101626z 101~02Z

    XXI B.C. 102 101626z 101902ZThe above figures do not inc1ud,c 2 Super-Dumbos from the 73rd Wing and1Super-Dumbo fran the 3l4th Wing.

    h. Route Out: Aircraft proceeded individually to the assemblyzones. Reliance wns placed on dend reckoning no vigat ion, supplementedby Lcren, celestial, and radar. Time control was fair with 360-degreeturns being necessary in scme cases. Forecast winds rier e innccuroteand caused the difficulties mentioned.

    c. Over TarRet:(1) prirnnry Target: Target ar-ea Davigation was accam~

    plished visuallyusing radar as nn aid. Due to 4/10 cloud covor, bomb-ing runs were made by rodnr with last l!linute visual correcti ona , Windin the target area was from 280 degrees at 4 3 knots. A total of 92aircraft dropped 459.5 tons of 500-pound general-purpose bombs on thepr irnary to.rget from l10053Z to 11010.% at altitudes from 15.700 to20,000 fe~t. Thirtr-one of the 92 aircraft bombing the primary t~rgetbombed visUQlly~

    (2) Targets of Opportunity: One aircraft of the 58thWing dropped 5.5 tons of 500-pound general-purpose bombs on Sakimohamaat 11005% 'f'r,Qm~19,tiOOOfeet .

    (3) Remainder of Force: Nine a : i . rcroft were non-effective.d. RO'liteBack: The route bock was flCJl7nas briefed. Fou.:r-

    teen B-29's landed at Jwo Jima.e. Landing~ Aircraft landed at bases under good weather

    condit ions as fall OTIS:Wing First La.ndi~ I&.E_La nding58th 1l072.5Z 1l093.5Z7Jrd 1l0706z 1l0945Z

    . l l1ti!! arosooz 11093&X X I B.C. l10706z l1094sz

    f. Losses: One aircraft crashed into the sea on toke-off.All 11 crew members were killed. '

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    g. Operotions Summary:(1) Navigation: (See AnDeX A, Part I .. for Traok Chort.)(2 ) Bombing:

    (0.) Because of the limited visibility over the tar-get. all Wings m~der-adar' approaches. Somenircraft of the 58th and73rd Wings. aft ..r rnDkingradar nppr-oechea to thl. torget. were able tomake corrections when the target becam0 visible for a few seconds be-fore the end of the bombrun. All aircraft of the 3l4th Wing bonbedby rodar.

    (b) The strike photography on this mission 'I"lQS poorand few hits could be seen on the target. Subsequently, howev",r, whenpost -strike photography wns obtained, it wos found that approximately39 p",r cent of th., plant had been dnmged ar destroyed. (see Annex D,part III. for DamageAssessment.)

    (3) Flight Engineering: (See ,.innex .

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    i. Communications:details). (1) Radar Counter Measures: (See Part I, Annex C. for

    (2) Radio: (See }lart II, Annex C. far details). Severalinstances of jamming and interference were reported. No serious vio-lations of either security or net discipline were reported.

    j. Intelligence Summary:(1) EnemyAir Opposition: (See Part I. Armex D. for

    details). An estimated 50 enem;yaU-c:.:'aft rmd.e 24 3 attacks on the for-mation. with most of the attacks occurring over the target. TwelveB-29's were damaged by enemy aircraft. Claims against the enemy were8 destroyed~ 24 probably destroyed, and 18 damaged.

    (2) Enemy Antiaircraft: (See part II. Annex D, for details)Antiairmraft in the target area \78S of moder-ate intenSity for the major-i ty of the aircraft. The fire was generally accurate I although a fewformations r~ported inaceurate fire.

    (3) Damage Assessment: (See Part III. Annex D, for details)(a) Approximately 3 9 per cent of the target was con-sidered damaged or destroyed as a result of this attack.(b) other damage in the vicinity includes approximatel~70 per cent destructioJil to a .merchant-marine college adjacent to and northeast of the target.

    g( I& tf. . c , 1)7I~C U R T IS E . LeM A Y

    Major General. U. s. A.Cormna.nding

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    Part 1 .. J:ilE!.Vigation Traok Chart ', ,part n-A~ PeUt.sPart III - .Fligllt Engineeripg Ghal"ts.~.

    Fett v : . - G u n u l i ! : L " Y:fart n..ill' .oea ReacuEl' dhart

    Miasi,on : N : I ! " 172_ _ "

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    APRIL 1945 PART.l.. NAVIGATION130

    c

    o'1 '

    IIII_____ 1_OKINAWA

    LANDFALL TARGET LANQ'S ENQ1st. Lostuorozz lIo.I4o.Z

    IIo.I19l 1I0123Zuoraoz 1I0I25l

    1st.58th.- uoosoe(58th. Wing73r

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    MISSION NO.l72TARGET NO.90.25-1702

    AfM'G POrNT W I NGS58.h,7~t",314 til,

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    " \) \:') ~ ~~ ~ \::> ~ % ~" ~ 1\') , ' \I.( ''')- ~, ,< : : > ' ~' c' " ' " ~ "

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    Chatl ~//

    s , o o oI o

    StJoo/ ~tJoo+--.__,...,..--;

    , I

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    PliR T I V - RADAR REPORT1. EQ U IJlM EN I' PER FO RM AN JE :

    iii. There were 91 operationol AN!AN-13's at take-off, 84 wereoperation:ll over the target (92%) , and 85 opat"stionnl on return (931-) .b. 'I!J.e average mlximum range of AN/A.PQ.-13was 62 nautical miles

    at 14 .000 r t a lt it ud e.c. The average nnximum range of radar beacon reception was 112ooutical miles from 5000 to 10,000 ft altitude.d. '!he average maximun range of 1l.N/AFQ.-13on landfall point waa57 naut Lca l, miles.e. There were no failures reported of ll.N/APQ'.-13in lead ale.f. '!here were 2 fa ilures reported of AN/ll..PN-9 . 1 of SCR-716,a m . 1f SOR - 6 9 5 .

    2. RADli.R NAV l ,GAT ION : There were 681 Loran fixes reported with anaverage maximumrange of 6 5 3 naut ieal miles for ground waves and 895nautical miles for sk y waves.

    3. COMMEN .I'S :a. All releases were made by tadar, scme with last minute visualc orrecti ons ~b. Identification of landfall and initial points was reportedas good.c. ~he radar aiming point was consf der ed to be poor by the 58th

    and 7Jrd Wings and goed by the 314th.

    PART V - GUNN ERY REPO RT""1. No.of A l C FiriM: 902. Ammunition Loading:

    58th Wing 73rd Wing14th WinsUF - 50'0 rdeU A ~ 500 rdsT - ,500 rdeIll. - 500 rdaLF - 500 rde

    UF ~ 500 rdsUA - 500 rdeo r . . 500 rdslA - 500 rdBLF .. 500 rda

    UF - "200'0 ,rdsUA - 1000 rdsT - 1000 rdsLF - 1000 rdeLA - 1000 rds3. Nglnber of rounds .fired incomwt: 146, 869.4. NWII'ber of rounds ti,l"ed in test; 8000

    'Blsed on reports from Wing Gunnery Officers.

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    .5 . Average rounds expended per turret;U F3 9 8 T3 3 5 1 : ! .3 . 5 4

    6 gUn 'loadipg; 73rd a.nd 314th We;- eold;, 58th ve _ hot.7. E 9 til p rnent ' Op vr l l tion~

    a., C.F.O. ~ 99.3% operative.b. Cal .50 M.G. - 9 8 % operative.

    8. M3.1funotions occurring were lDI,lilily due to iJnproper preflights.

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    APRIL. 1945 SECAT

    MISSION NO 172DATE 1.1 M AY '45.XXI BOMCOM.A I E A R

    \- . - - - - 1 - . - . 351I!I

    \

    II!I-.---.---T--I!II

    ~CHICHI JIMAOKINAWA I ~\\\\-- -----25

    \~IMA I\ .

    \ I~ \ I, \ II

    ~

    \ \ \ I

    \ ~\.:~PAN--.-..-.ltM TiNTAN"III

    e- SUBMAR I NE .0- SURFA.CE VESSEL. . - N A V Y OUM80A- SUPER OUM80

    15-- ----T-----IIII130 135" 140

    TRACK CHART XXI BOMBER COMMAND SECRET RE"PAODI,ICE035 th. P . rU

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    : p a n .II ... ChEa't - F C I l ' s c a a t :9'8.Ohaerved Weather .Part III PJfognoatio. ~pPar.t; n..P,OpUc Itbp

    .Miss1onm, 172

    ... 16 ..1.Q It 1 ., . . R .'jl 1 : .t . * ' .

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    PA R T I - WEATHERUM \M ! t yMission No. 172 r : e te: 11 May 194.5

    PlANNI ID F < R EX:ASTBA SES : 4/10 low cloud, base 1600 ft. tops 6 to 10.000 ft with fen

    showers.HOUl'E: To 20~:To 22"N: Some as bases.10/10 lou cloud ~ith tops gen~nlly 9000 ft but someto 16.000; 8/10 middle cloud from 12,000 to 17.000 itin weakening cold front and frequent moderato sh~er.

    5/10 low cloud. base 2000, tops 6000 ft with f~ middleclouds at 14,000 to 16,000 ft.10/10 l o w c10tld, base 1000, tops 10.000 it; 6 / 1 0 middlecloud, base 12,000, tops 16.000; 7/10 high cloud at28,000.3/10 low cloud. base 2000 , tops 4000 ft.

    To ~80ij:

    To coast;'I'JIRGETS: .All S. Honshu: 2/10 low cloud, base 2.500. tops 6000 ft.

    Operational Forecast Weather EncounteredBase at Take Off: 4/10 lew cloud,base 1800 ft. top 6-10,000 ft; 2/10middle cloud, base 16,000 ft, top17.000 ft; 5/10 hi~ cloud at 30,000ft .

    Overcast low cloud .d..h heavy shOWerin the area. Visibility lowered tot mile in shower-a and ceilings loweredto 300 ft.Houte Out: To 20oN: 3/10 low cloud, Conditions as in vicinity of basesbase 2000 it, top 5000 f't. extended to 20"N with low cloud sl0\120O:No 220N: 10/10 low cloud, base improving to br-oken and ceilings 910'11000 ft. top 8-14,000 ft; 8/10 middle ly lifting to generally 1000 ft. Clecloud in layers between 11,000 and zone extended frem 20 to 2liDN. ~cm14.000 ft; 5/10 high cloud at 25.000 there a band to 100 miles north wa sft; visibility 12 miles lowering to present consisting G f 5 to 8/10 low1 mile in shoosrs. cloud. base 1800 tops, 5-7000 ft with22

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    25.00020,00015.00010.0005.0

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    I~ ~ ~ G~~ ~~~ ~' \ I - - ~

    ~~ J~I~~

    ~~ ]~ t, ~,~~

    ~ p~j I = ~:.= = ~.II . .~ . . . . .I' "

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    L / , . . . , . . . . . . -I~J, \

    \--'

    I

    R E P R U D U C l : :D - 35TH PT

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    -~,

    - IWO J I M A

    .. .

    REPR ODUCEQ 35TH PTU

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    pqrt I - R 9.de.x : Counter MeaS~~8part II Radio

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    PARTI - RADt,R COU'NI'BR MEASUR!S

    1. pUr.l2ose:a. To D/F eQrly~warning and gun-laying radars.Ib . To continue radar Search in the region 38-300 mo.

    2. Method:Q. 1 " AP R-4 1 - 1 A PA -llb . 2 j ,PR-4 l2 AP.ri.-ll f. 2 A PA -24

    3. Results:Cho.ract"erist io a Co ord inad: es ~ . . ~ fl.~~. Q * - Y!. ~00047 0363 48 3 3 2 5 N 13540E 051145 09 45 21 12 1 S00052 0350 36 3300N 137 1G E 05114 5 1140 21 121 S00068 0495 26 3 3 4 3 N 13514E 051145 0915 21 12 2 P : 7 CHI00068 0496 24 3 4 0 8 N 13548E 051145 0935 21 12 2 P E,l CHI00072 0990 28 3 3 3 D N 136 5G E 05 114 5 1040 2 1 121 S E X { CH I00072 0492 32 34 15 N 136 48E 05114 5 0930 21 122 P ~{ CHI00074 0600 20 32 50N 135 50E 05 114 5 1045 21 12 1 S F .J e m :00074 0480 32 32 45 N 136 15 E 05 114 5 0932 21 12 1 S E'fi CHI00076 0499 32 3358N 134 28E 05114 5 0940 21 12 2 P E,i CHI00077 1870 06 3443N 13604E 051145 1040 2 1 ~i P G L mA.0300078 1900 08 3355N 1352 0E 05114 5 1055 21 s G L DT.b . .D300078 0471 28 333DN 13550B 051145 0955 21 1~1 S ' E X I CHI00081 0494 21 3335N 13535E 05114 5 0915 21 1~ 2 P E , 1 CHI00082 1875 08 34 30N 134 55 E 05114 5 1050 21 1:;!1S GL mAO]00085 0487 08 3210N 13700E 051145 1137 21 iai s E;, CH I00090 0496 08 3330N 1 35 50 E 05 114 5 0950 21 12 1 S 'Elf 00101020200146 0480 04 3010N 14015E 051145 1300 2 1 12 2 S : m ; i 0010300148 0490 09 3332 N 135 S7 E 05 11~ 5 0925 21 12 2 P. EJ 0010300158 0495 05 2630N 14200E 051145 0710 21 12 1 s E;i 0010300198 2480 04 3432N 13532E 0511115 ll05 21 1~2 P GL 00400245 0700 08 3430N 1352 0E 051145 1020 21 12 1 S

    * A Origin B Method C Reliebil iy-4. Remarks:

    Q- Rada.rs D/F'd. and thdr locations, are identified ~y 12 2P a bove.b. Unusual signals Wf6reheard at 4 7 t 52 , and 24 5 me. No unusualcircumstances aooompanied these signals.c. Search up to 3300 me failed because. of aircra.ft failing tootake off.

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    Pl\RT II - RAm 0

    1. strike Reports, 1'en Strike Report messages were received b7the ground stations--2 by the 7)rd" 4 by the 58th. and 4 by the 314thm~. .2. Fox Transmissions: \7eather and Time Signals were transmitted

    by the ground stations to the aircraft in flight.3. :Frequeneies: All frequencies received only a few instances ofinterference. Atmospheric interference was alight throughout the mis-

    ai.cn," Foll0\7ing is a purcentage breakdown of traffic per frequency:18 per cent on 3 megacycles;, 58 per cent on 7 megacycles;. and 24 per centon 11 megacycles.4. Na,vip:D.tionalAids: One HF/DFbearing was requested aId obtained.No VHF/DFbearing facilities u,ere used.. Ranges, hornEl l 'S , and broadcaststations were used effectively. '!he 58th Wingreported using air-to-airhcming at a maximum distl:l.nce of 25 miles.5. Net Discipline and Security: No serious violations of eithersecurity or net discipline were reported during this mission. The 73rd

    Wing said that 1 of the Super-Dumbouircrnft broke in on another aircraft'stransmission to give its half-hourly position report. Corrective aetionhas been tuken.6. EnemyTransmissions: The following incidents of jrulming andinterference were reported during this mission:

    a, 3 1 4 . 5 K;ii.locyeles: Negligible.b" 6055Kiloeycles: Nogligi ble.c. 11080Kilocycles: unidentified C W at 01l5Z to 014.5Z.was'effective.d. 3020Xiloeycles: Negligible.e. 6615Kilocycles:

    (1) C iT fran l645Z to 220az wile partially effective.('2) Blgpipe and Oii fram 014.5Zto 0200 were ineffective.(3) Blzz. saw jammingfran o o o o z . to 020CZand 1 7 0 5 1 0 to 1 9 . 5 o z .was efflective.

    f. 10305 Kilocycles: or ; at 0355Znas very effecti va.g. 3990 lU.locycles: Unknownstation keying OWat 222CZ toOlOGZ was ineffective ..h. 7415 Kilocycles; Mixed coda chnract6.l"s whenever stationsin the net would t.ranamit fran 025& to 070Y;Vlere ,partially etoctive.i. 10820Kilocycles: Code charo.ctere at 220m 'Werepartiallyeffective.

    7. Distress: '!he 58th rling reported 1 distress message in regardto an aircraft with engane trouble. 'Ibis aircraft JDDdewo Jimn safely.8, BJ,uipmentlo'nlfunctions: WARN-?: 2 sense antennas broken.RC~36: 1 i.nonerative , 3 microphoneby.ttans at icldng. ~! I i : i n(!lpera_tive or stuck.

    24

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    ;part I - Eilemy 41r. OppositionPIlrt 11 ... Enemy, Antitlircra:f't andAir'"to-Air :B:imbingpart III - ] )Q:mlse Assessment

    i.l Mly 1945

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    PA RT I - llN 1!M Y A IR OPPOS IT ION

    1. Qenm:'al:a. An estimated 50 en~ aircraft made 243 attacks on all

    formations ,. with most of the attacks occurring over the target. O f thetotal of 24 3 attac ks , 93 were made on the bonb run and 110 atter bcmbsaway. Four at tacks were made prior to landfall and ; 3 6 . fJt"an.landfaill. ,to-to tpt:.. :i.pit~(l"l p~~.nt..... ~h.e firs~ f.pma~ion CN:S } r .t!J.~. t~get c~counter~dmQs:kof' the c.n.amy oppoSii.J;ion, im;1-1cating th.:.t th!=; enemY's. defenaGs.b.a~weokGnod . ..D.p~ecia3>ly'. by : ~ho tin~ tp a s,e.c.oP~formation went ovu.-. -

    b. SeVt:.ral pacer planes following B-29 's continued their coursethrough the flak over the target.2. ~ of Enemy Aircraft Attacking: The 24 3 attacks made by enemy

    aircraft were as follOl'1s:'Enellly Aircraft .Number ofT X E e Attacks PeroentaseUlidentified 66 27Tojo 54 22Zeke 30 12Nick . .. 30 12Tony 26 11Irving 15 6Jack 9 4Oscar 8 3A I D 2)Frank 1) ( 3Judy 1)Mike -1)TOTAL 2 4 3 1003. EnemX :l!!ctics:

    a. Three coordinated attaeks were reported. In these,4 to 5Tojos came in' from 1 to 2 o'clock, line astern, pr"essing as close as300 yards a.nd breaking under the forma. tion.. 'I h e Tojos were silver.flying at about lO-aecond intervals.

    b. Three unusual types of enemy fighters were encountered onthis mission. One Judy a9Ille in on the tail of the seoond formation juatpast the target, throttled back, and giave the gunners time for a longburst and positive identification. O ne possible Mike was also reporteda ttacking the second form9.tion A red i.al-engine aircraft came in at 7o'elock level. flying past the NO.6 Ale of the second formation at a di~tance of 100 ya.rda, and firing fraIl a 12. 7-mn or 7 . 7 -rr an gun mounted ontop of the fuselage. The enemy fight

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    6. Direction and level of approach of enemyaircraft were asfollows:

    4 % 2%Total Numberof Attaoks243

    5%

    F RO M L EVE LP R O M A B O V E 1 4 % 5%F RCM BEL OW

    > I i ' " . . . . ,

    1. Enemy A/A Fire:a. '!he N'ilnary target was attackedJJy aircraft ot 3Wingsas follows;

    (1) 'Ihirty ..five aircraft of the 93thWins~tt8cked fran1100542to llOl03Z s.t altHudes of 16.000 to 19.000 feet. 'I!1e8Teragealtitude 'I'18S 17.500 feet .. lu;is of attack was fran 23 to 25 deS1"884I,and clond under-east varied from 6/10 to _8/10

    27 -~JHU1!

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    (2) Seventeen aircraft of the 7Jrd Wing attacked franl1005lZ to 110058Z. Altitudes varied fran 16,000 to 18,200 feet andthe average altitude was 16,750 feet . Aircraft attaoked on axes o ta ttack of 10 to 15 degt'eas, with undercast of 5 /10 or greater.

    (3) Forty aircraft of the 314th Wing bombed from 1l0055Zto llOl03Z at altitudes of 18.000 to 19.500 feet. Average altitudewas 18.500 feet. Axes of attack were 20 to 36 d~grees true. Cloudundercast varied from 8/10 to 10/10.

    b. The winds in the target area were reported as 43 to 53knots at 270 to 280 degrees.

    e. One aircraft of the 58th llling bombed Sakimohama C 3 3 2 4 N -l34l2E) d. 'The first flak was encountered by the 444th Group of the

    58th Wing during assembly off lW.shimoto. Fire was meager and very in-accurate. being 2000 feet ane.yfrom the assembling aircraft but at thecorrect a1titude.

    e. Meager and inaccurate barrage flak was reported by air-oraft of the 73rd Wing and 3 a ircraft of the 58th Wins in the viei.ni tyof the I.P. at :Hada (341'iN-13504E) and fran an unidentified naval ves-sel at Okina Shima

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    2. Tactics VB. Antiaircraft: The 7Jrd Wing enployed .slightturns as evasive 'action.

    3. Air ....To..,Air Bombing: Following bcmbs 8waya1; ll0056Z. 2single-engine aircraft attacked the 497th Group of the 73rd wingfrom 11 to 1 o'clock high. Attacking aircraft were about 5000 teetabove the formation. Blch plane dropped 1 phosphorous banb. Thesametjrp8 of attack by 2 similar 8.ircraft occurred at 11005&. All4 bombs exploded at 9 o'clock level t just behind the Leed elEment.They were fair 1y accur'a te but did not damage any B-29 'S. (SECRET)

    PART III - DAMAGEASS$SMENI' REPORT. (CONFIDIt i . IT IAL)90.25-1702

    KAW AN ISH I A IRCRA FT CO . - FU Ki\E04/43 N--135/17 E)

    a. This report assesses damage to Target 1702 resultingfrom Mission No. 172 of 11 M3 .y 1945.b. Approxim9.tely 3 9 % of the target was damaged or destroyed.Damage in.cludes a large sub-assembly building. 70%gutted ~ 9 small

    shop and office buUdtngs destroyed. and 2 small shop buildings partlydestroyecl. ,A large and a emall assembly building received 1:oot dema.ge

    c, other damage in the vi.cinity includes approximately 7 ( J % .destruction to a mercbant ..marine college adjacen.t to all!i NE of thetarget. Approximately 3.936,000 sq. ft.. of 1 large and 2 small resid ..ential and small manufacturing ar eas lfN o:f the. tar.get were destrttyed.2. statistical SUiIII1ary Gf Damage I

    a. Original roof area (18 Janue.ry 1945) - 1,330.,601 sq . ft..Roof area removed prior tostr ike - 49 ,1.50 aq.o ft.Total roc! ar ea at time of .stI'ike - 1 ,281.451 sq. ft..

    b.. Damage frem ourr.ent strike:$quare F~etof .Roof

    Per cent at Roof J.:raaat Time of Strike

    Destroyed. : 7 . 00,2.20Superficial.

    1.. Gutt ad 389.8632.. MinQr roof damage 24.164 30.02.0Total da.Jrege 504,2,.47* XXI B.C. t. C.1 ,U .. D,);.. Report N:!.o,79.

    - 29 ...Q.QH 1:]; QJO:i!I.J; 1:.1

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    ,. Itemization of Damage:... ..".~ DAMAGEN SQ,UAREEEl' Per cent FUnction at builNo. Roof .Area Destroyed ST. IPERFIC rAL Total of root ins f camnentGutted Minor'1 -45.3.000 16.48~ 16.484 Final assembly2 214.200 214.200 214,200 100 Sub-assembly3 19.440 19,440 19.440 100 Shop(2 buildings)

    4 19.440 19,440 19.440 100 Shop(.3 buildiD8s)5 20.493 20.493 20.493 100 Shop6 97.524 7.680 7.680 10 Assembly7 198.135 148.000 148,000 70 Sub-assembly8 7.170 7.170 7.170 100 Shop9 38.920 38,920 38.920 100 Offices10 7.560 3.024 3,024 40 Shop11 7660 4.536 4.536 60 Shop12 ~!860 !i:!860 !i:.860 100 ShOETOTAL:1,0 ,202 90.220 389,8 63 24,164 5 0 4 , 2 4 7Inclosures: 1. Annotated enlargemen,t fran .3PR5M86-.3R: 502. Attached print 3P!\SM235-2: 3 3

    - 30

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    REMOVED PR IORTO STRII(

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    MISSION 172D l i ' r E 1 1 May 1 2 . 4 5

    F LIGH T DA TA & F U EL C O N SU M P TIO N;nSS IO N N llM BE R ,I 1 7 2 172 1 7 2 1 7 2U J l I I 'r 58TH W "IN G 7 3 R D W I N G 31 4 rrH W ING 2 1 S T B.C.

    t 36ilR CR AF T C ON SID ER ED I 28 13 7 7tA V G . F LH NG T IM E 1 4 : 4 9 lL~:L,3 1 6 : 1 0 1 5 : 2 6,AV G. D ISTA NC l~ F LO W N 2 7 7 0 2 8 3 0 2 8 8 8 2 8 3 5(Nautical Air Miles) I \})'U E L C O NSUMED: Iverage 6 3 2 3 6 1 2 1 6 4 1 3 6 3 . 3 1I Max imum 6 6 6 2 I 6 3 4 0 7 1 0 0 7 1 0 0I Minimutn 5 9 ' 7 5 5 8 2 1 5972 5821; F UE L R ni'.A IN IN G : IAverage 6 / + 4 5 9 4 , 8 9 4 7 5 2I

    Moxirnun 1025 ' 9 2 9 1 4 1 5 1 4 1 5I Minimun 3 3 8 4.30 300 3 0 0! AVG. GALS. USF.1lPtR HOUR 4 3 0 4 1 6 4 0 0 . 6 4 1 4I A V G . GALS. USED PER IIHLE 2.2$ 2 . 1 6 2.22 2 . 2 3,II TOTAL U S E D O N A rR B O R .!.'E A le 223481 1 2 9 2 3 1 2 6 7 5 8 5 6 2 0 2 9 7,

    WE IG H '!' D A TJI,

    I N UMB ER A IR CR Ali'T A IR BO RN E 38 2 2 a 42!;. 1 0 2..WG. BASIC v JT . o r AIRCFUI ,F ' r 7 5 1 2 2 7 4 9 5 5 7 5 5 9 6 7 5 2 8 1A V G . U SEFU L LOAD 59599 6 1 5 3 4 6 ~ 2 6 2 6 1 1 1 3A V O . I D . O F B O ll'iB S L O A DE D 1 8 . 5 - M 6 4 2 6 . 5 - M 6 4 1 9 . 8 - M 6 4(Comp B) (TNr) (Con:p B )I O F BO !:lE S LO W ED * 10121 1 4 1 7 8 1 0 8 9 0 1 1 3 1 3VG. WT.AVG. FUTtl. LOADED 6965 6715 7 3 1 8 7 0 5 6

    I AVe. ViT OF FUEL LOADED 41795 4 0 2 9 0 43908 4 2 3 3 6AVG. MIse. I ]E IGHT 7 6 8 3 7 0 6 6 7 4 6 4 7464A V G . GROSSWT. AT TAKg OFF 134.721 1.36489 137858 1 3 6 3 9 4~ Excludes super dumbo aircraft. Bomb Vloights: AN-DJ164( ' fNI') 535 lbs.AN-M64 (Comp B) 5 5 0 Lbs ,

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    SEC R ET------F R C ld : C O M G E N B O M C O M X X ITO : C C M G E N B O M ~ T G 58

    C O M } E N B O } l I l G 73C O M G E N B O M W G 313C O ! ! G : m B O M " ' f G 31 4

    I N FO : co, 3R D P Ha ro ItTt;C O N S Q

    .~g_E.~1By Auth of CGXXI Be

    l i r? /C\ /"1/;y~ DateX X I O O I D E R C ( ) ! M A N DGUAM1200 10 MAY 1945

    F IE ID O RD ZR N m.IB ER 741. Because of the staging of a:lrcraft through Kyushu airfields to strike

    our tactical operations, and Ute critical situation of ooany aircraftpro dJ . ction the deeds ion fa r the se s'tr ike s was made.

    2. The XXI Bmber Commarrl strikes air :field :installa.tions on Kyushu andtarget 1702 (Leafstalk) on the island of Honshu,

    3. a. 5Sth i'ling:(1) Prinary Visum en d Radar

    M P I075027

    fORCE R]QUmED4 Squadrons7 0 2

    MPI Reference: XXI BornComLitho-Mosaic 90.25-1702.(2) R , 0 ' _ ' te :DeJaWi l l ! ; AS'fIembly Z orn 1

    Wing Reassembly Point3416N - 13504E (IP)Target3454N - 13523E3446N - 1 3 5 5 0 EIwo JineBase

    (3) Axis of Attack: 23 Degrees true.( 4 ) P a s s I F a t 1 l 1 0 5 S K .(5) Altitude of abtack is 16,000 to 20,000 feet.(6) Bomb 1ood: 500 1b GP's fused 1/100 nose and non-delay tail.

    b. 73.rd Wing:(1) Pclll'flrY' Visual arid Radar

    M. t l075027

    F O R C E R ID U JR ID1702 2 Squa.dronsMPI Reference: XXI BamCom.Litho-Mosaic 90.2;-1702..

    (2) Route:BaseWing AsseJIbly Zone 1'!firll; Reasaerrb1y Point:.3416N - 13504E tIP)Target3454N - 13523E3 4 4 6 N - 1 3 5 5 Q Elw o JinB.Base

    229/3

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    . . E Q !L~!rmn ORDE l1 N UMBER 74, CONTrnmID

    (3) Axis I f Attack: 23 Degrees True.,( 4 ) P a s s l P a t l l l 0 . 5 0 K .(5) Altitude of Attack is 16,000 to 20,000 fe~t.(6) BombLoad is 500 Ib GP's :(\lS'ed 1/100 nose and non-dal ay tail.

    c. 313th Wing:(1) T A R G E T MP! F O R C E R E Q U I R E D

    (a) O ~ t a l 3 6 0 6 9 1q u a d r o n~Oita 0 9 7 0 6 2 1q u a d r o n(b) Saeki 0 9 4 0 8 7 1q u a d r o n(c) N i t t a g a h a r a 071085 1q u a d r o n(d) MiY8.z ;aki 060061 1 S q u a d r o n(e) M l y a k o n o j o 0 3 0 0 2 6 ' , 1Cl ). lad ro n

    (2) MPI References:ea) Oita - XXIBomComLitho41osaic !IOita Area".(b) Saeki - XXI BomComLitho-Mosaie TargGt No. 1306!lSaaki Airfield II.(c) Nittagahara. - XXI BomOomLith Q-Mosadc IINittagahara II

    (Tsumasnachi) Airfield.(d) Miyazaki ... XXI BomCom Litho-Uose.ie !1Miyazaki Area".(031 MiyakonojlJ - XXI BomGomLitho-Mosaic I lM j_yakonojo ' Air-fie1gH.

    (3) Ta,rgot Times:Targets ( a . : ) . and (b) - l10900K to lllOOOfC. Targets (c)Cd) 'and (e} - 11l600K toUl7t."OK.

    (4) Bomb load ana. fusing same as specified for previous"Kyushll strikes.d. 314th 'fling:

    (1) Primary V.1sua1 and. Radar.TARGET F OR CE R EQ U lR ED1702 4 Squadro.neMPI Reference: X X I B omC om Litho-MQsaic No. 90.25-1702.

    (2) Route:tJaseWing A$selnbly Zone 1Wing Reassembly Point3416N ... 13504E (IP)T a r g e t345411- 1)523E3446N - 13'50EI 'ro:l JimaB a s e

    ~ ~ Q . Ii i ' " - . ." " . I ' - - - - - ~ ~

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    F IELD ORDER N tIlIBER 74 , CONTINUED(3) Axis of Attack: 23 Degrees T r u e .( 4 ) P a s s I P a t 1 1 1 0 5 4 K .(5) Altitude of Attack is 16,000 to . r o ,000 feet.(6) BombLoad: 500 Ib OPts fu.sed ]/100 nose and non-delay tail.

    4. a. No change.b. Tactical Missian NUmbers:

    (1) O i t a(2) Saeki(}) Nittagnhara( .4) Miyazaki(S) ~onojo(6) Leafstalk (1702)

    ... 167..:. 168- 169. . . .1 7 0- 171.. 172

    5~ COiUQlunications:a. XXIBomCa.m.Ol and SOPfor strike reports, conte.ct. r~porte,and IFF pr,ocedurEl. Strike report No. 1 will be used.

    L E M A YC () . { G E N B O M C C Jf . X X I6 t; .,/1 ~A.~~'wN T G O I . R Ytr: D/on~s

    DISTRf f iUTIOW:~ ea wg .

    ___~ ~_~ ~__] . E . . 1 . . t - ' - . . .

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    '!Q1L~1DITRIBlTTION

    TA CT~ qA L.}.if I S1 O N R EP O R TS

    COP" No .1 . Commcmding General. TWentieth Jilr Faroe2 Co.mmo.ndiug Gan.erul. XXI .6ombe'r Commnnd.3 Deputy Gomm-nnder, ! 'we ntieth Air Forca4 Chioi' of Sto.f'f I Twentieth iiJ.r Force5 Chia.i' of Starr.1 XXI Bomba, Command6 Depu.ty CiS, Opns, XXI Bombar COlDlM.nd7 Deputy O/S. Sup & : M:JJnt. XXI Bombor Command8 AO of S, A-2. XXI Bomber Oommand9, Comma.nding Gen~l"al, MIllY Air Forees

    A TT N: A G /A J3. InteU igencG10 Commander in Chief, Pacific OcOan Atoas (Adv Hq)11 Commande.r in Chief. Pe.ct!icOcaan ,Areas (RlIlar H q _ )12 Chiei' of Naval Oporatiol'l.s. OP-lS ..V13 Joint .Intelligence GlOlntEll:',Pacific Ocoan Aroa.s14 Commander Air Porce, Pa.clfic Flo'et15 Commander, Third Fleet16 Commander, Firth Fleet17 Command:or. First Gartier'l'l\sk Force18 Commander. Marianas19' Commander in Chief, U.$. Army Forces, Pacifio20 Commanding ~neral, n, S, Army Fotces", PEl-cifio Ocean Areas2J. Commttndi ng G e naral, All Le d Ai r Forco s.Southwest Pacific treas22 COJlU1landing GenGra1. Southwest Pacific Area~. ATTN: G-2(F or S ec ti on 22, Rem)25 Commanding General. Far East Air Forcss24. COIDm6l.nd.ing Ge.neral, U. S. Strategic Ai r Forces in Europe25 OOllUllandingG'enera],.. 8igb th Air Fe zce26 Cemmandi.ng General, Mediterranean AlUed Ai.r Forces27 Commanding Genera.!. Fiftoonth A.ir ,ForcEl28 .. 29 Commanding General, Seventh Air Forco30 Commanding General. VII Bomber Command31 - 32 Commanding General, VII Fighwr COJl!llland.33 COlllID.!l.ndingGeneral. Eleventh Ai.r Force34 COll)lUQ.nd.lng General, XX Bomb()lr .Command35 Com111o.ndingGen~o.l, 38th Flying Tra.lni.ngWlng56 Commo.nd 1 I . q . AlUed Air Forces. Southwast Pacific Area"ATTN: Beni or Inte,ll1gonce Offioer R.A.A. F.57 9ommo.nding Genera.l, 58th Bombardment Wing36 Commanding Genaul, 73rd Bombardment Wing39 Comm~'nd111g General, 315th Bomha.rdm.o'nt W~Dg40Com.me.nding Gcmel"o.l. 314th Bombardment Wing4-1 COl1lmo.nd.ing General, 31Sth Bombardmen,t \;1ng42 COmJnnndi:o.gOf'i'!Ger. 3rlj\ .Photo Reoon Squadron43 ComtD!l.nding Offie,er., 41st Photo" RaGon Squl1dron44 Commanding Offioer, 33.rd Stat.htioo.1 Control Un!t45 Chemical 'Warfare O!'flcer, XXI Bomber Oommand46 Taotics and Training Sections. A-5, XXI Bomber Oommllnd4"( Ordnance Officer. XXI BOlllber Command48 Commllnding Ofl.oar, XXI Bomber Commo.nd, Combat StagingCenter (Provhiofj..al)4"Sl -50 Historical Of'flQer. XXI Bomber COllll1land51 - 80 Commanding Ge~~!ll ..A.rmyAir Forces,

    ATTNI AO/A.SIntelligElnce, Collection Divi610n

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