United Nations JPO Programme

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Junior Professional Officer (JPO)PAK-012-17-P066

I. General InformationTitle: Associate Coordination Officer and Special Assistant , JPO

Sector of Assignment: Coordination and Reporting

Organization/Office: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

Duty Station: Islamabad, Pakistan (November-April) and Srinagar, India (May-October)

Non-Family Duty Station: yes / no

Duration: 1 year (with possible extension for another year) [Extension of appointment is subject to yearly review concerning priorities, availability of funds, and satisfactory performance]

Special conditions due to change in duty station every 6 months for UNMOGIP staff:

Installation in Islamabad:

Settling-in Grant: Payment of (1) Daily subsistence allowance per day for thirty days upon arrival at the rate applicable to the duty station (Islamabad - US$264.00); and (2) Lump-sum payment on the basis of one-month net base salary and post adjustment.

Relocation Grant: US$ 6000 JPO single rate

May-October while on official business to Srinagar, India: Salary based on Islamabad post adjustment + DSA for Srinagar (currently US$340.00) for the duration of the assignment

II. SupervisionDirect Supervision by: Major General Per Lodin

Title of Supervisor: Head of Mission and Chief Military Observer (HoM/CMO)

Content and methodology of supervision:Establishment of a Work Plan: During the first month of the assignment, the Junior Professional Officer (JPO) will work jointly with his/her direct supervisor to finalize an agreed upon work plan. The final work plan will be discussed and mutually agreed to by the JPO and his supervisor.

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Evaluation: The United Nations Performance Evaluation System (e-performance) will serve as a primary platform to evaluate of the JPO’s performance.

Weekly meetings with the supervisorPerformance Appraisal, yearly and mid-term review

III. Duties, Responsibilities and Output ExpectationsWithin limits of delegated authority, and under the supervision of the Head of the Mission and Chief Military Observer, the Associate Coordination and Reporting Officer will be responsible for, but not limited to, the performance of the following duties:

Assist in the, review and coordination of correspondence/communications addressed to the CMO/HOM and assist in the processing of documents within the Office of the CMO/HOM.

Assist in the preparation of written reports, documents and communications, e.g. reports, background papers, briefings, talking points, summaries, code cables, presentations etc.

Assist in the formulation of the Mission's programme of work, including thorough support to planning and budgetary processes.

Assist in organizing and manage conferences, meetings, seminars and workshops as directed by the CMO/HOM.

Monitor operational developments in area of responsibility, reviewing available information in situation reports, cables, correspondence, media, etc. Identify matters for follow-up and the need for action, ensure consultation and input from actors involved, and help coordinate timely responses to issues and questions raised by UNHQ, monitor and follow up on outstanding issues and give recommendations to senior leadership.

Plan and coordinate programmes, meetings and activities, using both formal and informal means, with the other components of the Mission, local authorities and organizations, and international community including the UN agencies, funds and programmes.

Coordinate field visits, activities and missions of senior officials, support drafting of background documents and prepare follow-up matrices and actions.

Establish and maintain strong working relations with the other components of the Mission, local authorities, and international community, in particular the UN agencies, funds and programmes.

Participate in the elaboration of the results-based budgeting, throughout the process of planning, monitoring, evaluating and reporting (PMER) and if need be, support implementation of UN common planning and programming processes. Ensure the development and implementation of appropriate monitoring and reporting mechanisms.

Ensure gender mainstreaming in all activities of the Mission. Develop and implement knowledge management tools and best practices lessons. Undertake and perform any related duties/assignments as directed by the CMO/HOM and Deputy

CMO.

IV. Qualifications and ExperienceEducation: Advanced university degree (Master's degree or equivalent) in international relations, economics, development, public administration, political science, social sciences, law or related field is required. A first-level university degree in combination with other relevant academic qualifications and/or experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree.

Work experience:

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Minimum of two years of progressively responsible experience in political affairs, civil affairs, humanitarian affairs, human rights, public information/journalism, military, police, security, crisis operations and management, or related field.

Languages:French and English are the working languages of the UN Secretariat. For this post, fluency in English (both oral and written) is required; Knowledge of another UN official language is desirable.

Other skills:Professional experience preparing summary and analytical reports on political and/or security issues is required. Experience working at the international level is desirable. Experience working on conflict-related issues is desirable. Experience working in a conflict or post-conflict situation is desirable.

UN competencies:Professionalism – Political awareness and diplomacy; ability to identify and analyze problems, i.e., political, ethnic, racial, social and economic circumstances in a country or geographic area; shows: Shows pride in work and in achievements. Demonstrates professional competence and mastery of subject matter. Is conscientious and efficient in meeting commitments, observing deadlines and achieving results. Is motivated by professional rather than personal concerns. Shows persistence when faced with difficult problems or challenges. Remains calm in stressful situations and ability to work efficiently and effectively under pressure; Takes responsibility for incorporating gender perspectives and ensuring the equal participation of women and men in all areas of work. Communication: Speaks and writes clearly and effectively; listens to others, correctly interprets messages from others and responds appropriately; asks questions to clarify, and exhibits interest in having two-way communication; tailors language, tone, style and format to match audience; demonstrates openness in sharing information and keeping people informed. Teamwork: Works collaboratively with colleagues to achieve organizational goals; solicits input by genuinely valuing others' ideas and expertise; is willing to learn from others; places team agenda before personal agenda; supports and acts in accordance with final group decision, even when such decisions may not entirely reflect own position; shares credit for team accomplishments and accepts joint responsibility for team shortcomings.Planning and Organising: Develops clear goals that are consistent with agreed strategies; identifies priority activities and assignments and adjusts priorities as required; allocates appropriate amount of time and resources for completing work; foresees risks and allows for contingencies when planning; monitors and adjusts plans and actions as necessary, and; uses time efficiently.Client Orientation: Considers all those to whom services are provided to be “clients ” and seeks to see things from clients’ point of view; establishes and maintains productive partnerships with clients by gaining their trust and respect; identifies clients’ needs and matches them to appropriate solutions; monitors ongoing developments inside and outside the clients’ environment to keep informed and anticipate problems; keeps clients informed of progress or setbacks in projects, and; Meets timeline for delivery of products or services to client.

V. Learning ElementsOn completion of the assignment, the JPO will have/be able to:

Draft a variety of documents in line with UN standards and formatting. Develop and work with a high degree of situational awareness and political sensitivity Learn the functioning of a traditional peacekeeping operation, peacekeeping operations policies,

gender and best practices. Become familiar with the functioning of military and mission support components by closely

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coordinating with them. The Associate Expert will have become familiar and the PMER Coordinate with a range of stakeholders within the Mission and the diplomatic community and

understand the interactions between a UN peacekeeping mission and the United Nations headquarters

Gain experience in protocol and liaison with national civilian, military authorities and the diplomatic community.

Measurable outputs: Write UN-format reports such as daily and weekly situation reports, notes, code cables, etc. Draft official correspondence such as letters and note verbales. Advise the HoM/CMO on mandate-related developments. Manage the agenda of the Head of Mission and coordinate the preparations of events and

meetings he/she attends. Coordinate Mission-wide processes such as the preparation of the peacekeeping mission’s budget

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VI. Background Information

Mission briefings: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan - UNMOGIPFactsheet

[India and Pakistan]

UNMOGIP Fact BoxAuthorized Strength Military observers: 44; international Civilians: 74 (including Head of

Mission/Chief Military Observer).Actual Strength Military observers: 44; Civilians: 742016-17 budget US$ 21.134.800 (Regular Budget – 11.1% increase from 2014-2015 budget)Mission leadership Head of Mission/ Chief Military Observer: Major General Per Gustaf Lodin

(Sweden); Deputy Chief Military Observer: Colonel Davorko Jokic (Croatia).Major TCCs / PCCs Croatia , Finland, Philippines , Republic of Korea, Sweden UruguayMandate expiration date: Open-endedKey mandated tasks: To observe developments pertaining to, and to supervise the strict observance of,

the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and to report thereon to the Secretary-General (Security Council resolution 307(1971)).

India-administered Kashmir Fact BoxPopulation: 12,541,302 (male: 6,640,662; female: 5,900,640)Languages spoken: Kashmiri, Dogri, Pahari, Punjabi, Gujari, Ladakhi or Bodhi, Balti, DardicReligion: Muslim 68%; Hindu: 28%; Sikh: 2%; Buddhist: 1%; others: 1%Ethnic groups: Kashmiris: 49%; Dogras: 24%; Gujari: 20% Ladakh Tibetans: 1%; others: 6%Head of State: Under Indian administration (President Pranab Mukherjee since 2012)Head of Government: Under Indian administration (Prime Minister Narendra Modi since 2014)GDP per capita: US$ 1,297Human development index:

0.590

Refugees: Around 100,000 from Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of IndiaIDPs: Around 250,000 Pandit Kashmiri (Hindus) following the 1990s violenceNatural resources: Forest, water resources and minerals (e.g. copper, lead, zinc, chromium and gold)

Pakistan-administered Kashmir Fact Box*Population: 3,857,000 (male 1,957,199; female: 1,899,202)Languages spoken: Urdu, Kashmiri, Shina, Balti, Pothohari and Mirpuri in Azad Jammu and Kashmir;

Shina (38%), Balti (28%), Burushaski (12%), Khowar (12%), Wakhi (6%) and others (7%) in Gilgit-Baltistan

Religion: Muslim (with a significant minority of Shias in Gilgit-Baltistan)Ethnic groups: Gurjar, Jat, Mirpuri, Pahari Rajputs , Sudhan and Abbasi in Azad Jammu and

Kashmir; Shins, Yashkuns, Kashmiris, Kashgaris,Pamiris, Pathans, and Kohistanis in Gilgit Baltistan

Head of State: Under Pakistani administration (President Mamnoon Hussain since 2013)Head of Government: Under Pakistani administration (Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif since

2013)GDP per capita: No data available for Azad Jammu and Kashmir; US$ 350 in Gilgit-BaltistanHuman development index: No data availableRefugees: Around 34,000 registered in Azad Jammu and Kashmir as a result of the 1990s

violence in India-administered Kashmir; no data available for Gilgit- BaltistanIDPs: no data availableNatural resources: Forest, precious and base metals, precious and semi-precious gemstones, and

industrial minerals*Pakistan has divided Pakistan-administered Kashmir (PAK) into two separate entities: the State of Azad Jammu

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and Kashmir and the region of Gilgit Baltistan.** Next general elections on 21 July 20161. Background

Following the partition of India and Pakistan in August 1947, the Maharaja ruler of the predominantly Muslim state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India. As Pakistan contested the accession, hostilities broke out and, in January 1948, India brought the matter to the UN Security Council which, by its resolution 39 (1948), established the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) to mediate in the dispute. Subsequently, Security Council resolution 47 (1948) mandated UNCIP to “establish in Jammu and Kashmir…observers as it may require.” In 1949, India and Pakistan signed the UNCIP-brokered Karachi Agreement that defined the Ceasefire Line and provided the deployment of UN military observers to monitor the ceasefire. The first group of unarmed military observers was deployed in January 1949 and it became the basis for the establishment of UNMOGIP.

Although the Security Council terminated UNCIP in 1950, in resolution 91 (1951) it decided that the “UN military observer group [should] continue to supervise the cease-fire.” With the second and third Indo-Pakistani war in 1965 and 1971, multilateral efforts towards a political settlement of the dispute ceased. In 1972, the two parties signed the Simla Agreement defining the Line of Control (LoC) with minor deviations from the Ceasefire Line. Since then, India maintains that UNMOGIP’s mandate has lapsed and that the dispute is a bilateral issue with Pakistan while the latter upholds that UNMOGIP presence is crucial to peace and security in the region, and that the onus to a resolution to the dispute is on the Security Council. Given the disagreement between India and Pakistan over UNMOGIP’s mandate and functions, the Secretary-General’s position has been that UNMOGIP could only be withdrawn by a decision of the Security Council. Since 1971, the Council has not discussed UNMOGIP, which has an open-ended mandate, and the Secretary-General has not submitted a report to the Security Council. The Mission continues to observe the 1971 ceasefire arrangements as it did before the Simla Agreement.

Tensions remained high between the two parties, with the two parties fighting the Kargil war in 1999 and India accusing Pakistan of supporting the militant groups that emerged in the 1990s in India-administered Kashmir (IAK), several of which are still operating. Although Pakistan declared a unilateral ceasefire in 2003 reciprocated by India, intense exchanges of fire between the two parties regularly take during the summer. In February 2004, India and Pakistan agreed to launch a Composite Dialogue to discuss the resolution of outstanding issues, including Jammu and Kashmir. India suspended the Dialogue in November 2008 following the Mumbai attacks, in which it suspected some involvement by elements in Pakistan.

Amid mutual accusations of supporting terrorism in each other’s country and continuing tensions along the LoC, Prime Minister Sharif of Pakistan and Prime Minister Modi of India announced in Russia in July 2015 their agreement to hold a series of bilateral meetings. In December 2015, the National Security Advisors of India and Pakistan met in Bangkok and the Indian Minister of External Affairs visited Islamabad. During the latter visit, both parties issued a joint statement agreeing to discuss the modalities for a Comprehensive Bilateral Dialogue on several issues, including Jammu and Kashmir. On 25 December, Modi became the first Prime Minister of India to visit Pakistan since 2004 after he met Prime Minister Sharif in Lahore. Since January 2016, the situation has remained relatively calm. Developments in the area, such as the 2016 Pathankot attack against an Indian military base in Punjab claimed by Pakistan-administered Kashmir-based militant groups, are likely to challenge the dialogue’s implementation. No evidence was found linking the Pathankot attack to Pakistan. The United Nations is not involved in the dialogue process given India’s objection to any third party involvement.

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2. Mandate and Activities

UNMOGIP mandate is limited to observing the cease-fire and reporting thereon to the Secretary-General. To fulfill its mandate, military observers conduct field tasks (area recce, field trip, field visit and observation post) along the LoC. As part of the 1949 Karachi Agreement, UNMOGIP also conducts investigations into alleged cease-fire violation complaints, which the two parties can submit to the Mission. The findings of the investigations are shared with the Secretary-General and the two parties.

2.1 Goals The objectives of UNMOGIP can be defined as i) maintaining a presence in established field stations on both sides of the LoC to monitor the ceasefire and report developments to Headquarters, and ii) conducting effective patrolling and investigations of ceasefire violations.

2.2 Key actors The Security Council has shown no interest in discussing UNMOGIP and the dispute over Kashmir since 1971. The last report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on UNMOGIP was published in 1972 (the Secretary-General is not required to periodically report on the Mission). The Council’s lack of interest has been partially due its internal divisions as a result of the diametrically opposed positions of the two parties on UNMOGIP and the dispute. China, who has border disputes with India, including in Kashmir, has publically (although not pro-actively) supported international engagement in Kashmir, including from the Security Council. Conversely, France, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom have generally supported a bilateral approach to the resolution of the dispute. Although the Secretary-General has repeatedly assured the two parties of his good offices, which Pakistan has welcomed, India maintains its objection to any third party involvement.

2.3 Operational information UNMOGIP has 44 military observers deployed along the 740 km-long LoC in three field stations in IAK (Poonch, Rajouri and Jammu), six in PAK (Skardu, Gilgit, Domel, Rawalakot, Kotli, Bhimber) and one (Sialkot) in Punjab, Pakistan. All but two field stations are based within compounds of the host countries’ armies. Drivers are provided by the military forces of the host countries, due to the restricted access of civilians to the militarised areas of IAK and PAK. Operations in the field are coordinated by the Mission’s headquarters, which rotate between Srinagar in IAK (1 May to 31 October) and Islamabad (1 November to 30 April). UNMOGIP also has a liaison office in New Delhi.

India and Pakistan have not signed a status of mission agreement (SOMA) with UNMOGIP. Since 1949, they had provided free of charge facilities to UNMOGIP. While Pakistan continues to do so, in 2014 India requested the monetisation of the facilities provided by the Indian Army. UNMOGIP has been paying the costs “under protest.” India also requested the Mission to vacate the Indian-owned premises of the New Delhi liaison office (2014) and the Poonch and Rajouri Field Stations (January 2016) heretofore made available at no cost and to relocate to leased premises.

Given the specific mandate of the Mission and the United Nations Country Teams’ restricted access to IAK and PAK, cooperation between UNMOGIP and the United Nations agencies, funds and programs is limited. The Mission attends the meetings of the Area Senior Management Team in India and Pakistan, chaired by the UN Resident Coordinators/Designated Officials. It also attends the United Nations Country Team meetings in India and Pakistan as an observer.

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3. Challenges

The Mission faces significant operational challenges, including impediments placed by the host countries, which seriously undermine its ability to meet its objectives. Absence of written legal arrangements with the two parties : In the absence of a SOMA, the Mission

has been encouraged to pursue written arrangements with the host governments on relevant issues as a matter of principle. In consultation with DFS and OLA, the Mission has been working on a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the use of UN vehicles by Pakistan and Indian army-provided drivers. Headquarters may reach out to the two parties to advocate for such arrangements.

Lack of cooperation from India and Pakistan : Since 1972, India has stopped submitting cease-fire violation complaints to UNMOGIP and it does not allow UNMOGIP to conduct field tasks and investigations in IAK. Although Pakistan generally cooperates with UNMOGIP, it rarely allows the Mission to investigate incident sites. More than 90 per cent of the investigations in 2015 were found “inconclusive” due to insufficient evidence and no ACFV/WBIC was recorded in 2016.

Delays in Indian visa issuance : India continues to be reluctant to have a sustainable arrangement on the issuance of visas to UNMOGIP personnel and the Mission cannot always ensure a sustained presence in IAK due to delays in the issuance of visas. This leads to AMELAD seeking assistance of headquarters’ principals in advocating for visas in sufficient numbers to man all IAK field stations. The current visa situation permits timely operations.

Absence of a civilian substantive capacity : UNMOGIP is the only peacekeeping operation with no substantive civilian staff. The creation of a Special Assistant position would strengthen UNMOGIP’s leadership capacity to lead Mission-wide processes, enhance the analysis and reporting of the Mission, and consolidate institutional memory. The inclusion of such a post in the next budget submission is likely to face opposition from India. AMELAD considers alternatives, including temporary options, such as deployment of a JPO or an UNV.

Relocation of field stations in IAK : In January 2016, Indian authorities asked UNMOGIP to hand over the buildings of its two remaining field stations in Poonch and Rajouri districts. UNMOGIP requested assistance to identify alternative premises, notably in terms of security; however, Indian authorities have not yet responded. Deadline provided to move is 31st July. The Mission was instructed not to sign binding agreements on alternative premises before receiving their answer.

Refurbishment of the Islamabad Headquarters and replacement of vehicles : An envelope of USD$ 2.6 million has been allocated in the 2016-2017 Regular Budget to the refurbishment of UNMOGIP headquarters and replacement of vehicles. Both assets are in very poor conditions

Lack of human and technical resources : UNMOGIP has inadequate human and technical capacity (e.g. forensic and ballistic analysis) and modern equipment (e.g. night vision goggles, aerial surveillance) to conduct reliable observation and investigations.

Given that the conditions do not exist to pursue significant adjustment to the Mission’s mandate and configuration, the Mission expects to continue facing operational challenges to its presence and activities in the foreseeable future, which, given their political nature, may require AMELAD’s assistance in addressing them. Minor changes are considered to enhance mandate implementation.

Date Key events on the Mission’s calendar1 May1 November

Relocation of UNMOGIP Headquarters to SrinagarRelocation of UNMOGIP headquarters to Islamabad

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