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21.2 Applications of Electric Field. If you do work to lift a ball against gravity the PE of the ball will increase. The same works with charges. How do you get unlike charges apart? The farther apart the charges are moved the more work that is done and more energy is gained. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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21.2 Applications of Electric Field If you do work to lift a ball against gravity the
PE of the ball will increase. The same works with charges. How do you get unlike charges apart? The farther apart the charges are moved the
more work that is done and more energy is gained.
Electric Potential Difference, V, is defined as the work done in moving a positive test charge between two points in the electric field.
The difference in electrical potential is the ratio of the work needed to move a charge to the strength of that charge.
Units of volt (J/C = V)
''
q
WV onq
The Electric Potential in a Uniform Field Use 2 plates, one charged
positive and one negative The electric field is constant
between the plates and the direction is from positive to negative
Place a positive test charge, q’ in the field and move it a distance d towards the positive plate
Won q’ = Fd
Won q’ = Vq’ So, V=Fd/q’=(F/q’)d V=Ed E=V/d So the units for E can be either N/C or V/m The electric potential increases in the
direction opposite of the electric field direction
The electric potential is higher near the positively charged plate
By dimensional analysis the product of the units of E and d is (N/C)(m)
N.m is a J (Joule) So 1 V = 1J/C
Millikan’s Oil-Drop Experiment
Used to find the charge on an electron A fine mist was sprayed into and Electric
Field Gravity causes the drops to fall Field increased until drops rise Field adjusted until drops are suspended Downward force of gravity equals upward
electric force
Magnitude of E determined form the electric potential difference
Weight of electron had to be determined Drop was suspended and then the electric
field was turned off so the drop could fall Because friction of tiny drop so large terminal
velocity was reached quickly Using a complex equation the mass was
found Then using mg the weight was calculated.
Sharing of Charge All systems come to equilibrium to make the
energy of the system at minimum. Ball on a hill will end up resting in a valley If one object is charge and comes in contact
with an uncharged object the charges with spread out evenly across both objects.
If objects are not of same size then the charges equal out until voltage is the same
Charges are closer together at sharper points
Storing Charges: The Capacitor Lift a book to a shelf and you increase GPE. In a sense you are storing GPE A device that stores electric potential energy
is called a capacitor. As a charge is added to an object the electric
potential difference between that object and the Earth increases.
For a given situation the ratio of the charge stored to the electric potential difference is a constant
Farad
Farad, F, named after Michael Faraday One Coulomb/volt 1 C is a very large charge so 1 F is also very
large Often F or pF