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2.1 Matter and Organic Compounds
Matter● Matter is anything
that occupies space and has mass (weight).
● Matter is made of chemical substances
Chemical Substances● Any solid, liquid, or gas
● Made up of:● Elements
Or● Compounds
Elements● Pure substance- made up of only one thing
Compounds● Two or more elements
joined together● Examples:
● H2O● C6H12O6
● Chemical bonds are what hold elements together
What type of substance is water?
July 22, 2012Footer text here 6
Water is the Chemical Compound: H2O
July 22, 2012Footer text here 7
What ELEMENTS make up water?
July 22, 2012Footer text here 8
Organic Compounds● Contain Carbon
● Found in living things, or can be made from living things● Examples: carbohydrates, oil, wood
CARBON● Why is Carbon so important?
● Makes up cells and other important body structures● Can form many complex compounds
● Sugars, proteins, etc.
4 Types of Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
(Each of these contains Carbon!)
Organic Compounds Overview
The Miracle of Life: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids video (currently unavailable)
KQED: Energy from Carbon? (10:02)
Carbohydrates
● Stores energy● Ex: sugar and starch
● Made up of monosaccharides (building blocks)● Simple sugars like fructose and glucose
Complex Carbohydrates
Lipids● Store energy (long term)
● Fat
● Makes cell membranes
● Made up of fatty acids
LipidsSaturated Fatty Acids:
● Carbon atoms bonded to many Hydrogen atoms
● Straight chains
● Solid at room temperature
● Ex- red meat, dairy products
Unsaturated Fatty Acids:
● Not many Carbon atoms bonded to Hydrogen atoms
● Bent chains
● Liquid at room temperature
● Ex- seeds, olives
Lipids
Proteins
● Many jobs:● Chemical reactions (Wrench animation)● Carries messages and materials● Immune system● Makes up muscles
● Made up of amino acids● Combine to form polypeptide chains
Protein structure animation (swf)Protein function video (youtube 4:02)
Nucleic Acids
Many jobs:
● Instructions for making proteins● Instructions for telling proteins what to do● Can be passed from parents to offspring
Ex- DNA and RNA
● Made up of nucleotides● Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
Overview of DNA (YouTube 28:05)DNA Animation video (YouTube)
