21 Attitudes of MAAP Cadets Towards Seafaring

ATTITUDE OF MAAP MIDSHIPMEN TOWARDS THE MARITIME CAREER BEFORE AND AFTER SHIPBOARD TRAINING***

1cl Odal, Teri Orlan C.and 1cl Inong, Philip Albert FrancisMaritime Research and Extension Services Circle (MRESC)

Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific-Kamaya Point Brgy Alas-asin, Mariveles Bataan Philippines

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for qualified and competent seafarers calls for maritime career aspirants with the right attitudes and characteristics necessary for this profession. This study made use of a questionnaire to determine the characteristics, plans, interest and perceptions about the seafaring career of midshipmen from the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP) specifically the Class of 2006. After completing the 1-year shipboard training, their plans, attitudes and perception were assessed for possible changes using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed employing frequency counts, percentages, test of proportions and chi square tests. Results suggest changes in the attitudes and perceptions of the cadets after their initial shipboard experience especially in their idea of what makes a good career, appealing and unappealing aspects of seafaring, most important characteristics to make a seaman succeed, and traits that result to failure in a seafaring career. Interesting challenges and aspects of seafarings are realized after shipboard training; hence changes also in the plans of the cadets are noted. This is just a preliminary study. It is recommended that this study be validated and improved by widening its scope in terms of variables and respondents.

Key words: Attitude of Midshipmen, Shipboard Training, Maritime Career

INTRODUCTION

Filipino Seafarers today dominate the seven seas, sailing under the flags of different nations. They are widely recognized for their industry, dedication, adaptability, and reliability. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration former director estimates that Filipino sailors’ man up to one fourth of the total tonnage of global commercial shipping, making Philippines Number 1 in the world as a source of trained, educated and efficient seagoing manpower. (Philippine Star 2002)

This supremacy however is not permanent. It is being challenged by other countries with huge manpower surpluses such as China, India, Pakistan, Ukraine and other Central Asian republics willing to work for lower pay. Yet, despite these threats, for the founders of an elite-merchant marine school here in the Philippines, The Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP), - “that threat1 should be faced not by accepting lower wages but by producing more competent professionals.” (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2003) If the Philippines is to retain its competitiveness in the global market, maritime schools of the country must pursue a successful maritime education and training that is at par with the world standards. As MAAP gears itself for this purpose, the success of the maritime industry will now lie on the success of the career of its graduates.

1 +++ Prepared and presented by the MRESC officers for AMETIAP Conference on board the TSKFO on November 25, 2006 . The AMETIAP leadership awarded the two midshipmen with plaque of recognition as the best paper presenter in the 2005 AMETIAP Conference.

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Success in one’s career is associated with one’s attitude. One’s disposition, work ethic and ability to accomplish results are the primary components that will aid an individual to succeed. In this regard, the attitude of Filipino cadets before and after shipboard training is studied.

It is also a reality that a student operates from an initial set of personal attitude, which are altered, reinforced and/or undermined by key factor, factors derived from his environment- both internal and external. This could be a dynamic interaction with a seafarer, whether explicitly or implicitly. Thus the attitude of the students ultimately reflects, to a considerable degree, his reactions to both the positive and negative dimensions of these environments. Given the interdependent relationship between the student and his environment, it is assumed that a student’s attitude has also some impact on his family, his peers, and the maritime world in general.

Objectives of the StudyThe objective of this study is to present and compare the perceptions and attitudes of MAAP midshipmen, particularly the Class of 2006, towards seafaring before and after their shipboard training phase. This study specifically answers the following questions:

1. What are the plans and interests of the midshipmen before and after shipboard training?

2. What are the attitude and perceptions of the midshipmen before and after shipboard training?

3. Are there significant differences in the midshipmen plans, interests, attitudes and perceptions after their shipboard training?

4. What are the implications of this study for Development Programs in MET?

Conceptual FrameworkIn this study, the respondents’ plans, interests, attitude and perceptions of a seafaring career before and after shipboard training are identified and grouped. These variables are then examined to determine changes in these attributes and implications of these changes to the attitude development training program for midshipmen.

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

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VARIABLESPlans & interests

hobbies source of information no. of years interested seafaring as first choice alternate courses considered Attitude & Perception Reasons for joining Appealing/unappealing aspects Public regard Factors that makes a good career Perceived characteristics for

success & failure Personal knowledge & perception

about a good career

SHIPBOARD TRAINING

Change in attitude & perceptions

Implications for Development Programs in MET

METHODOLOGY

In 2004, the officers and members of the Maritime Research and Extension Services Circle (MRESC) participated in a “Seminar – workshop on Action Research”, conducted by the Department of Research and Extension Services (DRES). The activity aimed to enhance skills on doing research, so that the MRESC under the advisorship of DRES Director, Dr. Angelica M. Baylon, would be able to produce research outputs as part of extracurricular activities. This study is one of the research proposals approved for implementation to be accomplished in a year time as the questionnaire need to be answered by the same respondents before Shipboard training and after 1-year of Shipboard Training.

An open-ended questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics, plans, interest, perceptions and attitudes of Class 2006 of the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP). Initially, 136 Class 2006 midshipmen were made to answer a questionnaire prior to Shipboard Training (SBT). After Shipboard Training of Class 2006, including the researchers, a validated questionnaire was distributed to the same respondents upon return to the Academy. Only the 117 completed pre and posttest questionnaires were included for analysis to ensure the validity and reliability of comparisons.

Frequency tables displaying the pre and post responses of cadets were produced using the Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) Software. Further, proportions test (Z) was employed to test differences in proportions of responses before and after the shipboard training. Chi square analyses of crosstabulations were also utilized to determine relationship or associations of several variables.

FINDINGS

This section presents the results of this study.

Plans and Interests

As shown in the Table 1, most of the respondents engaged more in sport activities (52.1%) followed by watching television shows and movies (10.3%) with the same percentage of respondents (10.3%) cited no hobbies. After SBT, 100% of the respondents realized that they would be able to do their hobbies even on board.

Table 1. Hobbies

Hobby Frequency Percent (%) Sports 61 52.1 Computer 11 9.4 Reading 11 9.4 TV/movies 12 10.3 Music 10 8.5 None 12 10.3 Total 117 100.0

Majority of the midshipmen (42.7%) indicated 5 years or more interest in the maritime profession and over 1 year at 29.1%.

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Table 2. Time Interested in Seafaring

Time Interested Frequency Percent (%) 5 years or more 50 42.7 Over 3 years 24 20.5 Over 1 year 34 29.1 Less than 1 year 8 6.8 Total 116 99.1

Family and Friends were cited as the main source of information for the midshipmen showing figures of 42.7% and 21.4% respectively. Other sources of information were from their schools (career orientations) and media. Please see Table 3.

Table 3. Source of Information

Source Frequency Percent (%) Family 50 42.7 School 20 17.1 Friends 25 21.4 Media 22 18.8 Total 117 100.0

Table 4 clearly indicates that majority of the midshipmen did NOT have seafaring as their first choice of career shown at 56% while only 44% did. Relating the choice of seafaring with time interested in seafaring shows that midshipmen who had seafaring as their first choice has been interested in the career for 5 years or more and most who did not choose it as first option have been interested for over a year. Please see Table 5.

Further, choice of seafaring career is significantly related to the source of information on career as more proportion of those who have made seafaring as their first choice obtained their information from their family while more percentage of those who did not obtain information from schools, friend and media. Please see Table 6.

Table 4. Is seafaring your first choice?

Seafaring as First Choice Frequency Percent (%) Yes 52 44.4 No 65 55.6 Total 117 100.0

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Table 5. Crosstabulation of Seafaring as First Choice and Time Interested in Seafaring

Time Interested in Seafaring

Is seafaring your first choice? TotalYes No

5 years or more

3160.8%

1929.2%

5043.1%

over 3 years

1019.6%

1421.5%

2420.7%

over 1 years

713.7%

2741.5%

3429.3%

less than 1 year

35.9%

57.7%

86.9%

Total 51100.0%

65100.0%

116100.0%

Note: Percentages are based on column. Chi-Square Tests (X23,116) = 14.33, significant at 0.002

Table 6. Crosstabulation of Seafaring as First Choice and Source of Information

Source of information

Is seafaring your first choice? TotalYes No

Family

3261.5%

1827.7%

5042.7%

School

713.5%

1320.0%

2017.1%

Friends

815.4%

1726.2%

2521.4%

Media

59.6%

1726.2%

2218.8%

Total 52100.0%

65100.0%

117100.0%

Note: Percentages are based on column. Chi-Square Tests (X23,117) = 14.24, significant at 0.003

The main course considered by the respondents as an alternative or first choices is engineering (60%), followed by information technology related courses (11%). Business, medicine, architecture, military and aviation related courses were also considered as alternative courses. Please see Table 7.

Table 7. Alternative courses considered

Courses Frequency Percent (%) Engineering 70 59.8 Business 7 6.0 Medicine/Nursing 5 4.3 Pilot 12 10.3 Information Technology 13 11.1 Architecture 5 4.3 Navy/Military/Police 2 1.7 Total 114 97.4

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Attitudes and Perceptions

It is clearly cited that securing a bright future is the main reason of the midshipmen for joining the maritime profession (50%) and it significantly increased after the SBT (68%). Wage or good salary came next at 39% before the SBT which insignificantly decreased after the sea phase. Travel was also considered but did not show any changes before and after the SBT. Please see Table 8.

Table 8. Reasons for Joining

Reasons for Joining

Pre-SBT Post- SBTZ

Frequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%) Wage 45 38.5 31 26.5 1.96* Travel 6 5.1 6 5.1 Bright future 58 49.6 80 68.4 3.64** TOTAL 109 93.2 117 100.0

* - statistically significant at 0.05 level; ns -not significant

Eighty-five (85%) percent of the respondents regarded seafaring highly before the SBT which insignificantly decreased at 78% after, but still remained as the main perception of the respondents.

Table 9. Regard to Seafaring

Public Regard

Pre – SBT Post - SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)

High 99 84.6 91 77.8 1.33ns

Low 14 12.0 17 14.5 Total 113 96.5 108 92.3

ns – not statistically significant at 0.05 level

Before SBT 48% of the midshipmen considered Personal Satisfaction as the main factor that makes a good career which significantly decreased at 32% after SBT. After SBT most of the respondents turned to the importance of Career growth as a major factor, which significantly increased from 15% to 34 %. Salary was recognized and did not show any significant change. Please see Table 10.

Table 10. Factors that makes a good career

Factors Pre - SBT Post - SBTZ

Frequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%) Salary 41 35.0 29 24.8 1.70ns

Personal Satisfaction

56 47.9 37 31.6 2.55**

Career Growth 18 15.4 40 34.2 3.33** Total 115 98.3 106 91.6

** - statistically significant at 0.01 level; ns - not significant

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The life at sea which includes the new challenges, training and the responsibility was the most appealing aspect of seafaring as mentioned by 87% of the respondents, but the proportion decreased significantly to 46% after the shipboard training, although still remained as the most appealing. Good salary came next at 10%, which significantly increased, to 24% after the SBT. At first, only two percent (2%) considered travel as the most appealing aspect of seafaring but after SBT, more respondents regard it so (17%). Please see Table 11.

Table 11. Most Appealing Aspects of Seafaring

AppealingAspect

Pre - SBT Post - SBTZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)

Salary 12 10.3 28 23.9 2.76** Travel 2 1.7 20 17.1 4.04** Meeting People 0 0.0 3 2.6 Experience Life at Sea 102 87.2 54 46.2 6.65** Total 116 99.1 105 89.7

** - statistically significant at 0.01 level

Before and after the SBT, most of the respondents cited danger and homesickness as the most unappealing aspect of seafaring. Fatigue, which includes the responsibilities, stress, and dealing with other people was also recognized as unappealing before the SBT (15%), however, some respondents realized after training that this is not the most unappealing aspect, hence a decrease in percentage to only 4%. Please see Table 12.

Table 12. Most Difficult Aspects of Life at Sea

DifficultAspect

Pre – SBT Post – SBTZ

Frequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%) Danger 36 30.8 45 38.5 1.24ns

Homesickness 38 32.5 35 29.9 0.43ns

Fatigue 17 14.5 5 4.3 2.67** Seasickness 5 4.3 8 6.8 0.84ns

Loneliness 20 17.1 15 12.8 0.92ns

Total 116 99.1 108 92.3 ** - statistically significant at 0.01 level; ns - not significant

Prior SBT, most midshipmen cited determination (33%) and discipline (32%) as the most important character that a person must possess to succeed in seafaring. After SBT, midshipmen clearly recognized discipline (50%) as the most important trait for a seafarer followed by dedication and hardworking. Intelligence was cited by 9% of the cadets before SBT, but these cadets realized after ship board training that a person need not be so bright to be successful as other characteristics such as discipline, dedication to work, determination and hard work are more important. Please see Table 13.

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Table 13. Characteristics to Make a Person Succeed in Seafaring

Characteristics Pre – SBT Post - SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)

Disciplined 37 31.6 58 49.6 2.80** Determined 39 33.3 9 7.7 4.85** Hardworking 17 14.5 14 12.0 0.56ns

Intelligent 10 8.5 0 0.0 3.22** Dedicated 7 6.0 23 19.7 3.13** Responsible 5 4.3 0 0.0 2.27** Total 115 98.3 104 88.9

** - statistically significant at 0.01 level; ns - not significant

Laziness remained as the most cited characteristic that makes a seafarer fail (61%) although with a relatively lower percentage (33%) after SBT. After the SBT, more midshipmen realized that irresponsibility on board would make a seafarer fail in the career, which is shown to significantly increase from 7% to 19% in Table 14.

Table 14. Characteristics to Make a Person Fail in Seafaring

Characteristics Pre – SBT Post – SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)

Lazy 71 60.7 39 33.3 4.20** Irresponsible 8 6.8 30 25.6 3.90** Undetermined 21 17.9 22 18.8 0.18ns

Undisciplined 14 12.0 12 10.3 0.41ns

Total 114 97.4 103 88.0 ** - statistically significant at 0.01 level; ns - not significant

Most of the midshipmen planned to stay 11 to 20 years in seafaring both before and after SBT, succeeded by a decreased proportion of staying 10 years and under. The percentage of undecided midshipmen is lower than before SBT. Please see Table 15.

Table 15. Planned Time To Stay in Seafaring

Number of Years Pre – SBT Post - SBTZ

Frequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%) 10 years & under

35 29.9 23 19.7 1.81 ns

11 - 20 years 49 41.9 58 49.6 1.18 ns

21 - 30 years 5 4.3 10 8.5 1.31 ns

Over 30 years 6 5.1 2 1.7 1.43 ns

Undecided 19 16.2 14 12.0 0.92 ns

Total 114 97.4 102 91.5 ns - not significant at 0.05 level

As shown in Table 16, prior shipboard training, 33% of the respondents planned to engage in shore based jobs such as shore engineering, followed by teaching (31%). After SBT, an increased in proportion of respondents wanted to establish business (21% to 71%) if leaving seafaring before retirement. Decreases in percentages of cadets who wanted to teach (from 31% to 13%) and in proportion of those who wanted shore-based jobs (33% to 10%) were observed.

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Table 16. Plan if Leaving Before Retirement

Plans Pre - SBT Post - SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)

Business 24 20.5 83 70.9 7.74** Teaching 36 30.8 15 12.8 3.33** Navy/military 4 3.4 0 0.0 Unknown 12 10.3 9 7.7 Shore-based jobs 38 32.5 1 0.9 6.48** Total 114 97.4 108 92.3


Most of the cadets even before and after shipboard training believed that they have a good knowledge about merchant marine. The proportion decreases but not significant.

Table 17. Good Knowledge about Merchant Marine

Good Knowledge

Pre – SBT Post – SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)

Negative 8 6.8 8 6.8 Neutral 16 13.7 20 17.1 Positive 91 77.8 80 68.4 1.62ns

Total 115 98.3 108 92.3 ns-not significant at 0.05 level

Some midshipmen realized the difficulties of working on board thus lesser percentage believe that they will be able to overcome any obstacles at sea after the exposure.

Table 18. Overcoming Difficulties at Sea

Overcoming Difficulties

Pre – SBT Post - SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)



Seafaring as a secure job for the midshipmen was recognized both before and after the SBT but the percentage decreased after the training.

Table 19. Good Job Security

Good Job Security

Pre - SBT Post - SBT ZFrequency Percent (%) Frequency Percent (%)



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Prior to SBT, most midshipmen were confident that they would be able to cope up with the discipline associated with being at sea but this significantly decreased after their training after realizing the difficulties.

Table 20. Coping with the Discipline at Sea

Coping with the Discipline


Negative 4 3.4 8 6.8 Neutral 2 1.7 7 6.0 Positive 109 93.2 93 79.5 3.05** Total 115 98.3 108 92.3


The perception of the midshipmen about the physical demand of being at sea has also significantly decreased in proportion after the SBT but remained true for the majority.

Table 21. Seafaring is Physically Demanding

Physically Demanding


Negative 6 5.1 8 6.8 Neutral 5 4.3 8 6.8 Positive 104 88.9 92 78.6 2.13* Total 115 98.3 108 92.3

* - statistically significant at 0.05 level

In Table 22, a significant decrease in the proportion of midshipmen who perceived themselves as competent future officers was observed as students realized that they have many more things to learn to be competent officers in the future.

Table 22. Competency as future officer

Competency as future officer


Negative 5 4.3 8 6.8 Neutral 2 1.7 10 8.5 Positive 108 92.3 90 76.9 3.26**

Total 115 98.3 108 92.3 ** - statistically significant at 0.01 level

IMPLICATIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Generally, the whole study’s objectives boil down to the importance of Shipboard Training and attitude formation of the MAAP midshipmen. Most of the table shows the importance of a positive character, attitude, perception and interest about the maritime career to be successful and also how negative attitude can result to failure in this field. As stated by Dela Calzada, Hilario et.al. (2000), “character formation for future seafarers must be given due regards by schools for maritime studies in preparation for a life of service on the sea.” Every individual who succeeds in the sea as a competent Filipino seafarer is a contribution in itself to the upliftment of the Philippines’ stand as a reliable source of world-class seafarers.

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MAAP articulates the standards of leadership, character and advocates service. These standards or principles are one of the fundamental bases behind the Academy’s MET Programs. The option for leadership, community participation and contribution, and the sense of social responsibility are the outcomes of relevant higher education of which MAAP would like to develop in each of the midshipmen (Baylon, 2004). As VAdm Eduardo Ma. R. Santos , AFP ( Ret) , MAAP President said “ It is through MAAP participation in MAAP’s worthwhile community outreach activities that the midshipmen are being prepared for wholesome home and family life , for adequate maritime professional formation and for practical expression of Filipino values and humane ideals through community outreach activities ”.(Santos, 2000). In every activity outside the Academy, MAAP provides a venue for midshipmen to carry out a duty or responsibilities expected by MAAP or other institutions wherein MAAP has established linkages for the community or maritime industry in general. Further, MAAP also provided the midshipmen an opportunity to exercise a just conscience to be developed as a refined person and a chance to serve beyond self or to be a man for others. Hence, upon boarding a vessel, students have more confidence, determination and positive character in pursuing goals.

In meeting the ever-increasing demand for future competent officers, all factors affecting the attitude and perceptions of students must be considered. When it comes to the plans and interests of the midshipmen, more are interested in sports activities and have been interested in the career for 5 years or more.

Common source of information are family and friends, which showed a longer length of time to stay in the career than those informed by the media and schools. It shows that their source of information and the length of time interested in the career are factors affecting their first choice of career. They realized also that they would be able to pursue with their hobbies while onboard. Thus, contributing to a positive working atmosphere while on board i.e. less loneliness and stress.

Securing a bright future is the main reason of the majority of midshipmen to join the career, which significantly increased after the SBT, coupled by a significant decrease of midshipmen who cited good salary as a reason. This imply that they may have realized the importance of a career oriented and long-term plans in life and that they will not be satisfied merely by monetary desires.

The factors that the midshipmen considered to make a good career were focused on three aspects - personal satisfaction, good salary and career growth. Prior to SBT, majority considered personal satisfaction, which includes job security, opportunity, responsibility and a respected status as the main factor but this was changed as shown by the post test results as the majority of the respondents turned to career growth as the most important factor. This may prove that the midshipmen realized and understood that with a steady career growth, personal satisfaction and good salary will surely follow leading to success in the field.

As young and adventurous individuals, most of the respondents found new challenges, the responsibility and the training at a life at sea as most appealing although it significantly decreased after having experience the reality of being at sea thus, others turned to good salary as most appealing. Knowing all the danger, homesickness, loneliness and fatigue are sure obstacles on board, the midshipmen still posted it as a new challenge yet proving unbearable to few and bearable to many.

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As stated earlier, success in a certain field, in this case the maritime profession, character is the main issue. In the study it was found out that determination is a much-needed trait yet it was overtaken by discipline as most important trait cited after the SBT. This indicates the importance of ones ability to intelligently weigh matters which lie before him, examine the alternatives and make responsible choices which leads to a goal. This earned intelligence a place in the list of traits needed to succeed, yet it was negated after the SBT. Determination as a verified trait followed by discipline is recognized to have significantly decreased after the SBT. This may prove that ones will to face life and become what one chooses to be is of lesser importance than discipline. Laziness and irresponsibility, on the other hand, were considered as traits that may lead to failure in the profession. As these two factors may also fall under a person’s self-discipline, it further supports that discipline is a much-needed character of a future competent officer.

After all the expectations and experiences of life at sea, the midshipmen’s plans of staying at the profession were compared. It shows that despite the few difficulties, discomfort and dissatisfactions, the midshipmen still plan to stay longer in the profession. This is proven by the figures showing that before SBT, most midshipmen planned to stay less than 10 years in the career yet they decided to stay 11 to 20 years after having experience the reality onboard.

The overall decrease in the proportion of the midshipmen’s knowledge and perception of the career shows that some of their expectations were shattered and dissatisfied, as they might have encountered greater challenges than expected. But with the midshipmen’s positive attitude, which was formed and improved by the learning experience, most midshipmen still chose to continue the career and even plans to stay longer. These may mean that these MAAP students are future competent seafarers/officers would aid in meeting the demand for shortage officers on board. As it is possible that a person may change his attitude, he can therefore correct some flaws in his character that would immensely affect his future as a seafarer. This is true if he learns from his experience and tries perseveringly in applying corrective measures.

During the time of preparation for the life of prospective seafarers, it is important to motivate midshipmen into the direction of their chosen profession. It is also of utmost importance to ascertain that goals don’t bring them away from their final dream but compels them to see and take realistic view of life onboard a ship, their relationship with others, the work and problems such as loneliness and longing for their family.

Life onboard can both be a challenging and an enriching experience wherein a man gains new insights and knowledge of new cultures. It may be lonely, tough, boring, dehumanizing and maybe even conducive to abuses and injustice, which might have contributed to the negative responses after the SBT. Therefore, life at sea is full of struggles with the elements of risks. These were all realized and proven true by the respondents after they have experienced their first SBT. This may imply that it is not only the person’s skills, knowledge, and intelligence that make a man succeed in a maritime profession. Equally important is the right or positive attitude towards the career to complete the formula of success in a maritime career.

In general, the approach in the development of competent merchant marine officers would depend on the individual’s actual exposure (in this case Shipboard Training) and observation. The vast differences of atmosphere onboard (leadership as the heaviest factor) affect the varying responses of the midshipmen.

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As this study has shed light to the significance of attitude of cadets and of shipboard training, it is recommended that this study be validated and improved by encompassing other variables and including more cadets, not only in MAAP but also throughout the maritime schools in the Philippines. Further, it is also recommended that an attitude development-based training program be given more emphasis in maritime training and education to mold competent world-class seafarers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Baylon, Angelica M. Undertaking Extension Services Towards a More Efficient and Effective MET: The MAAP Experience , MAAP Journal pp 71-84, October 2004.

Dela Calzada L., Hilario Jr. A, et.al.(2000) Personnel Management. Intermodal Printers, Inc.: Philippines

Santos, Eduardo, Ma R , MAAP Strategic and Long Term Plan, 2000

Philippine Star (Newspaper) Vol. 16 (No. 359): pg. 15 24 July 2002

Philippine Daily inquirer (Newspaper) Vol. 18 (No.223) : A6 21 July 2003

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Midn 1/cl Odal, Teri Orlan C. 4th year level

He was born 25th of March year 1985 at the city of General Santos. This fine lad is now 20 years of age and is taking Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation at the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific. Currently designated as Squadron Commander of the midshipmen fleet of MAAP, president of Maritime Research and Extension Services Circle (MRESC) and MCL he actively participates in many extracurricular activities yet keeping a good performance in academics. This is proven by his academic standing and awards, being a Dean’s and President’s lister.

He graduated at the Notre Dame of Dadiangas College High School Department at Gen. Santos City as the most outstanding Cadet year 2002.He was editor of POLARIS publication. At the same year he was elected as the counterpart of the City Mayor having a title Junior Mayor of General Santos City.

Midn 1/cl Inong, Philip Albert Francis V. 4th year level

Born and raised at the proud city of General Santos on the 14th of April 1985, this enthusiastic and proactive person is the Fleet Academic Officer of the Midshipmen Fleet of MAAP. He is a consistent Dean’s and President’s Lister and currently ranks no. 1 of his class. He holds the position Vice-President of the Maritime Research and Extension Services Circle (MRESC) and was a candidate for the Outstanding Maritime Student by PAMI in AY 2005-2006.

He graduated with honors during his high school days at the Notre Dame of Dadiangas College High School Department of Gen. Santos City.

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21 Attitudes of MAAP Cadets Towards Seafaring