Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11
The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the #
Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Essential Question:
Define atom, and identify its main parts and their functions
Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Define atom, and identify its main parts and their functions
Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
KEY CONCEPTAll living things are based on atoms and their interactions.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
Please draw and label an atom on pg. 10 (don’t take up the whole page!)
energylevel
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Fun Fact
• It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure…
• Protons- in the nucleus. Positively charged (+)
• Neutrons-in the nucleus. Neutrally charged (no charge)
• Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level. Negatively charged (-)
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Oxygen atom (O)
Nucleus:8 protons (+)8 neutrons
outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-)
inner energy level: 2 electrons (-)
Energy Levels
Energy levels: electrons are located here. Inner levels only have 2 electrons, other levels hold up to 8.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What can you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers?
IronGoldTin
Aluminum 13 P13 E14 N
50 P50 E69 N
79 P79 E118 N
26 P26 E30 N
Proton # = Electron # !!!!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
*Atoms have equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons so they are...
79 P79 E118 N
Gold
+5 + (-5) = ???
+5 + (-5) = 0
electrically neutral!!!!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An element is one or more atoms of the same type. – It cannot be broken down into a simpler substances– Ex: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron…
gold
aluminum
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have. The proton # never varies.
Iron
GoldTin
Aluminum 13 P13 E14 N
50 P50 E69 N
79 P79 E118 N
26 P26 E30 N
Ex: Gold has 79 protons no matter what
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Hydrogen
covalent covalent
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
– water (H2O)
– -carbon dioxide (CO2)O
HH
_
++
• A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
O OC
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• All compounds are molecules• NOT all molecules are compounds
– Ex: O2
O O
* Remember compounds are composed of 2 different elements
Atom: smallest basic unit of matter
Atoms
Nucleus: most mass of atom
Cloud: most volume of atom
Proton
Neutron
Positive charge
# identifies element
No electrical charge
About same size as proton
ElectronsNegative charge
# equals # of protonsForms chemical bonds
Energy LevelsInner level only 2 Protons
Other levels up to 8 Protons
Tries to fill outer level
Is surrounded by
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
On pg. 10 please create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting compounds and molecules.
Compounds molecules
HOMEWORK
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Double-bubble map comparing and contrasting compounds and molecules
Compounds molecules
Atoms held together by covalent bonds
Both involve bonding atoms
Involve two or more different elements
Atoms in both Not all molecules are
compounds
molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 13
The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the #
Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Essential Question:
How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding.
Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements?
A: Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have.
Aluminum Iron Tin
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms.
• They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are:
• They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape • Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for
metabolism (the process of turning food into energy)• Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle
movement in your body
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-)
11 p 17 p
17 P (+)18 E (-)
11 P (+)10 E (-)+ -
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Positive Ions: If an atom has few electrons in its outer energy levels it tends to lose those electrons and become a POSITIVELY charged ion
Negative Ions: If an atom has a nearly full outer energy level it tends to gain electrons and become a NEGATIVELY charged ion
-
Energy level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
*An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
*An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O.
Now we have salt!!!!
“Opposites Attract!!!!”
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
covalent bonds•Share electrons in outer energy level•Can have multiple bonds•Strong bonds
Hydrogen
covalent covalent
H2OAkaWater!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
On pg. 13 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds
CLASSWORK
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds
Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds
Share electrons bonding
Form between oppositely charged ions
Bond atoms
Dissolve in H2OStrong Bond
Bonds ions
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Turn to pg. 12 of your I.N.B
Under the picture of the positive and negative ion- Please title it
“Science Matters”
“Science Matters”
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
“Science Matters”
• Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons.
• 1. Nitrogen: • Protons: 7• Neutrons: 7• Electrons: 7
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
“Science Matters”
• Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons.
• 1. Nitrogen: • Protons: 7• Neutrons: 7• Electrons: 7
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Classwork• Complete “Science Matters” worksheet
– 3 Atom pictures
– 10 multiple choice questions· Write the ? and the answer
• When you are done you are to work on your summaries for 2.1 (you need 2) and complete any unfinished double-bubble maps
• Questions (4-6)
• Table of Contents complete
