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chapter 2: structure of atom
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Matter is everything around us that has mass and occupies space.Living things and non-living things are matter.
WHAT IS MATTER?
Non-living Things
Air, water, wood and soil
Living Things
Insect, birds and human beings.
Non matter : Heat, Light and Sound
Showing that matter has mass and occupies space
Pin
Two balance balloon
Air leaks from the balloon The balloon
filled with air is heavier
P Q
P
Q
Matter is made up of very small and discrete particles which we call atoms, ions and molecules.
Matter exists in three states. They are either solids, liquids or gases.
THE STATES OF MATTER
Potassium manganate
(Vll)
Water
Potassium manganate(Vll) solution
Showing that matter is made up of particles.
The arrangement of particles in matter
•The particles are arranged closely and there are very little space between the particles.
•Has a fixed volume, a fixed shape and cannot compressed.
•The particles are arranged closely but there is more space between the particles.
•Has a definite volume, but not definite shape and difficult to compress.
•The particles are further apart and there is a lot of space between the particles.
•Has no definite volume and shape. Can be compressed with ease.
Solids Liquids Gases
Kinetic Theory Of Matter
The Kinetic Theory of Matter explains the forces between molecules and the movement of particles in matter.
The movement of particles in different matter is not same, depends on the temperature and attraction force between the particles.
If the temperature is increased the kinetic energy of particles also increase.
•The particles are held closely together by very strong forces.
•They can only vibrate from side to side and spin around their.
•The particles are further apart and vibrate but not in fixed positions.
•They move randomly and the collision between these particles take place frequently.
•The particle are widely space and move randomly in all directions at high speed.
•Collisions between gas particles take place more frequently than collision particles of liquids.
The movement of particles in matter
Solids Liquids
Gases
4 h
Questions.1. Classify the following as solids, liquids or gases at
room temperaturea. Ice e. Lead b. Methane f. Steam c. Hydrogen g. Alcohol d. Mercury
2. When 50 ml of alcohol is mixed with 50 ml of water in a measuring cylinder, the volume of the mixture is less than 100 ml. what can you infer from this?
A. The alcohol particles combine with the water particlesB. The alcohol particles evaporate rapidly in waterC. The alcohol particles fill the spaces between the water particlesD. The alcohol particles move closer in water
MATTER AROUND US
MATTER
What is matter?
Arrangement of particles
Theory kinetic of particles
Three States of Matter
Liquids Gases Solids
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Question 2
c. The alcohol particles fill the spaces between the
water particles