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U N C O N T R O L L E D C O P Y W H E

N D O W N L O A D E D F R O M T H E W E B

VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS

USE AND OPERATION

Table of Contents1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................4

1.1 Background ..........................................................................................................................4

1.2 Purpose and Scope..............................................................................................................4

1.3 Out of Scope.........................................................................................................................4

2 Application of VMS.........................................................................................................................4

3 VMS Specification, Installation & Placement.................................................................................5

3.1 Permanent and Enhanced VMS...........................................................................................5

3.1.1 Dimensions..............................................................................................................5

3.1.2 Border......................................................................................................................53.1.3 Matrix Characteristics..............................................................................................5

3.1.3.1 Enhanced VMS matrix characteristics ....................................................................6

3.1.4 Fonts & Colours ......................................................................................................6

3.1.5 Contrast Ratio..........................................................................................................6

3.1.6 Conspicuity (Wig-Wag) Lights ................................................................................6

3.1.7 VMS Placement .......................................................................................................6

3.1.7.1 Public Consultation .................................................................................................7

3.1.8 Legibility Distance ...................................................................................................8

3.1.8.1 Required Legibility Distance ...................................................................................8

3.1.8.2 Actual Legibility Distance ........................................................................................9

3.2 Mobile VMS...........................................................................................................................83.2.1 Characteristics.........................................................................................................9

3.2.2 Legibility ..................................................................................................................9

3.2.3 Mobile VMS Placement .........................................................................................10

3.3 Vehicle Mounted VMS ........................................................................................................10

4 VMS Message Design..................................................................................................................11

4.1 Message Types...................................................................................................................11

4.1.1 Warning of Hazards or Unexpected Conditions (Category 1)..............................11

4.1.1.1 Message Display Time Restrictions ......................................................................12

4.1.2 Disasters or Emergency Alerts (Category 1E)......................................................12


4.1.3 Child Abduction Alert Message (Amber Alert) (Category 2) ................................12


4.1.4 Traffic Management Information (Category 3)......................................................13


4.1.5 Special Events / Roadworks (Category 4)............................................................13


4.1.6 Filler Messages (Category 5)................................................................................13


4.1.6.2 Road Safety Filler Messages.................................................................................14

4.1.6.3 Community Benifit Filler Messages.......................................................................14

4.1.6.4 General Transportation Filler Messages...............................................................15

4.2 Text Case Selection for messages.....................................................................................15

4.2.1 Category 1 - 2 Messages (Real-time information for action)................................154.2.2 Category 3 - 5 Messages (Traffic Information and Filler) .....................................15

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2 Issue: 5/11/2012

Traffic and Road Use Management Manual - Variable Message Signs: Use and Operation

4.3 Graphics and Symbols .......................................................................................................15

4.4 Advertising ..........................................................................................................................154.5 Message Content................................................................................................................16

4.5.1 Problem Statements..............................................................................................16

4.5.2 Action Statements .................................................................................................16

4.5.3 Location Statements .............................................................................................16

4.5.4 Effect Statements ..................................................................................................17

4.5.5 Attention Statements.............................................................................................17

4.5.6 Time and Date Information....................................................................................17

4.5.6.1 Expressing Time Related Information...................................................................18

4.5.7 Abbreviations.........................................................................................................18

4.6 Matrix Characteristics (Text Layout) ...................................................................................18

4.6.1 Permanent Matrix Characteristics .........................................................................18

4.6.2 Enhanced VMS Matrix Characteristics..................................................................18

4.6.3 Mobile VMS matrix characteristics........................................................................18

4.6.4 Vehicle Mounted VMS Text ...................................................................................19

4.7 Number of Screens.............................................................................................................19

4.8 Screen Display Changes ....................................................................................................194.9 Message Compatibility and Credibility...............................................................................20

4.10 Conspicuity (wig-wag) light usage .....................................................................................20

4.11 Message Approval ..............................................................................................................20

4.12 Message Consistency ........................................................................................................20

5 VMS Operation.............................................................................................................................21

5.1 Process to populate permanent VMS ................................................................................21

5.1.1 Manual...................................................................................................................21

5.1.2 Semi-Automatic .....................................................................................................21

5.1.3 Automatic...............................................................................................................21

5.1.4 Message Deployment Strategy.............................................................................21

5.2 Process to populate mobile VMS .......................................................................................21

5.3 Record Keeping..................................................................................................................21

6 VMS Operated by State, Local Government or Private Road Operators onState-controlled Roads ................................................................................................................21

6.1 Approval Conditions for use in conjunction with a Road Corridor Permit .........................22

6.1.1 Technical Specifications .......................................................................................22

6.1.2 Permanent VMS System Interface ........................................................................22

6.1.3 VMS Operation and Use Guideline.......................................................................22

7 Other Considerations...................................................................................................................23

7.1 Energy Efficiencies .............................................................................................................23

7.2 Variable Speed Limit Signs.................................................................................................23

8 Further Advice..............................................................................................................................23

9 Policy Owner ................................................................................................................................23

10 Definitions.....................................................................................................................................24

11 References ...................................................................................................................................25

Appendix List

Appendix A - Recommended VMS Problem Statements............................................................27

Appendix B - Recommended VMS Action Statements and Symbols.........................................28

Appendix C - Recommended VMS Location Statements ...........................................................29

Appendix D - Recommended VMS Effect Statements ................................................................30

Appendix E - Recommended VMS Attention Statements ...........................................................31

Appendix F - Recommended VMS Time and Date Statements..................................................32

Appendix G - Standard Abbreviations for VMS Use....................................................................33

Appendix H - Generic VMS Messages ........................................................................................34

Appendix I - VMS Filler Messages ...............................................................................................36

Appendix J - TRU VMS Messages...............................................................................................39

Appendix K - VMS Messages - Category 1E -Emergency Alert ..................................................40

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Appendix L - VMS Messages - Category 1 & 3 - Traffic Management........................................41

Appendix M - VMS Messages - Category 2 - QPS Amber Alert ..................................................42

Appendix N - VMS Messages - Category 4 - Special Events / Roadworks ................................43

Appendix O - VMS Messages - Category 5 - Filler Messages ....................................................40

Appendix P - VMS Filler Message Request Form .......................................................................45

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1 Introduction

A Variable Message Sign (VMS) is a traffic control device used for warning, routing andmanaging traffic. VMS display electronically generated messages that can be changed todisplay predefined or free text information, figures and symbols. VMS are designed to affectthe behaviour of motorists (thus improving the flow of traffic) by providing real-time trafficrelated information.

1.1 Background

VMS have been used on Queensland motorways, highways and major arterial roads forsome years now. Their effectiveness depends on proper design (including conspicuity andlegibility), placement, message design, display of the best message for the conditions andmotorist understanding of the messages.

1.2 Purpose and Scope

This guideline provides information on the implementation and use of VMS. This guideline

aims to:• provide a consistent approach for the design and installation of VMS on the state-

controlled road network;

• provide a consistent approach for the operation of VMS on the state-controlled roadnetwork; and

• identify aspects for which variations in VMS installation and operation are appropriate.

It is the intention of this guideline to improve transportation safety and mobility and ensureoptimum driver absorption of the messages displayed. VMS technology and world practiceare rapidly advancing and there is a need to continually monitor and, where appropriate,

adopt new standards.

1.3Out of Scope

Any information contained within the TMR Technical Standards - MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs - MRTS202- Provision of Variable Message Signs takes precedent.MRTS202 defines the design, supply, installation, testing and commissioning, performance,documentation, training, maintenance and handover requirements for VMS consisting of either one display (standard VMS) or two discrete displays, also known as Enhanced VMSin a single enclosure. Please note MRTS202 does not include the requirements for mobileVMS (such as trailer-mounted VMS).

2 Application of VMS

The following types of VMS devices are used in Queensland:

• Permanent VMS - generally mounted on roadside or overhead gantries on highways,motorways and major arterials, capable of displaying multiple lines of texturalinformation;

• Enhanced (permanent) VMS - similar to permanent VMS in terms of installationlocations, however capable of displaying graphics and symbols (that generally conformto the MUTCD) in addition to multiple lines of textural information;

• Mobile VMS - generally mounted on a trailer or another vehicle that can be moved into a

location as required, these are used at locations where there is no existing permanentVMS, and are capable of displaying multiple lines of textural information (howeversignificantly less than Permanent and Enhanced VMS); and

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• Vehicle Mounted VMS - mounted on the front, back or roof of vehicles and can be usedat roadwork sites, for mobile roadworks, survey vehicles, Traffic Response Units (TRUs)and other traffic incident management vehicles, and by police and emergency servicevehicles.

VMS can be used in a number of ways including:

1. Warnings of hazards or unexpected conditions (Category 1)

2. Emergency Alerts (Category 1E)

3. Child Abduction Alert (Amber Alert) (Category 2)

4. Traffic management information (Category 3)

5. Travel information (Category 4)

6. Filler messages, including road safety messages, general transportation messages andcommunity benefit messages (Category 5)

Refer to section 4.1 Message Types for further information and explanation of categories.

3 VMS Specification, Installation & Placement

3.1 Permanent and Enhanced VMS

Permanent and enhanced VMS design specifications, such as physical dimensions, displayfont, contrast, illumination and legibility, can be found in Main Roads Technical Standards -MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs. MRTS202 also covers the supply of materials and equipment, installation, testing and commissioning of VMS.

3.1.1 Dimensions

The overall dimensions of a VMS are dictated by their location, size and the number of characters and lines. As approach speeds increase, VMS lettering must also increase inaccordance with the principles established in Part 1 of the Manual Uniform Traffic ControlDevices (MUTCD). Higher speed areas (such as highways, motorways and rural areas)require larger character sizes to provide suitable legibility distances.

Sign and character dimensions should meet the minimum requirements outlined in MainRoads Technical Standards - MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs.

3.1.2 Border

Border dimensions should meet the minimum requirements outlined in Main Roads

Technical Standards - MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs.3.1.3 Matrix Characteristics

The current departmental standards for permanent VMS, outlined in Main Roads TechnicalStandards - MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs, specify:

• where the speed limit is 60km/hr or less, a maximum four line display of 18 fixed widthcharacters per line (Type A sign); and

• where the speed limit is 70km/h or greater, a maximum three line display of 18 fixedwidth characters per line (Type B and C signs).

To ensure message clarity, characters and lines should each be separated by a minimum of

two pixels.

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3.1.3.1 Enhanced VMS matrix characteristics

Enhanced VMS contain a textural matrix similar to that of a typical permanent VMS,however with 19 proportional width characters per line.

In addition to a textural matrix, enhanced VMS also contain a secondary screen capable of

displaying graphics and symbols (that generally conform to the MUTCD). Thesegraphics/symbols will typically be used to display a Warning sign, a Guide sign or aTemporary sign, as defined in the MUTCD Part 1, Section 1.5.

3.1.4 Fonts & Colours

Display fonts and colours are outlined in Main Roads Technical Standards - MRTS202Provision of Variable Message Signs.

Messages may use either fixed or proportional width characters as specified in thestandard; proportional width characters are recommended and may be necessarydepending on message length.

Messages should only consist of yellow text on a matt black background.

3.1.5 Contrast Ratio

The contrast ratio is the luminance of the VMS message display divided by the luminance of the background of the sign face.

Luminance requirements for VMS are outlined in Main Roads Technical Standards -MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs.

3.1.6 Conspicuity (Wig-Wag) Lights

The main purpose of conspicuity lights is to increase the conspicuity of messages of amandatory, safety or warning nature.

Conspicuity lights shall be a flashing yellow LED display located at each of the four cornerson the front of the sign enclosure.

See section 4.10 for guidance on the use of conspicuity lights.

3.1.7 VMS Placement

VMS can be installed either on the roadside or above the road, however considerationshould be given to their visual impact. Roadside installation is a cheaper option and can beless intrusive, however requires a wider road reserve and may experience restricted visibilitydue to vegetation or heavy traffic.

VMS should be placed so they are clearly legible to all road users and should not be placedso they compete with other traffic signs, traffic control devices or roadside furniture. VMSshould not be placed in locations where they will be partially hidden by a roadside object,furniture or vegetation. Placement of VMS should take into consideration all surroundingconditions. For example, on lit motorways, placement of VMS should be between lightingpoles to avoid shadow effects.

It is becoming increasingly difficult to clear trees in some parts of the state. As such, it isrecommended where possible, that locations are chosen for VMS where clearing vegetationis not required.

Generally, signs can be comfortably read when they are within 10o

(degrees) of centre

horizontally and 5o

(degrees) vertically of a driver's line of sight. Sign placement should bechecked so that horizontal or vertical curves do not result in the sign being outside thisrange.

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Overhead and roadside VMS shall have the minimum clearances as outlined in chapter 8 inthe Main Roads Planning and Design Manual and the Technical Standards - MRTS202Provision of Variable Message Signs. Chapter 8 of the Road Planning and Design Manualalso contains further details on sign clearance and guardrail use.

VMS should be positioned so that road users have time to respond to the messages

provided, and therefore should be positioned an adequate distance in advance of majordecision points. Major decision points on highways are off-ramps that are likely to be usedfor diversions and highway-to-highway interchanges. Major decision points for arterial roadsare major intersections with a high potential to be used for diversions.

It is desirable that a VMS be located 900 - 1200m before each highway diversion point(primarily exits, but median breaks should also be considered if they are likely to form partof an incident management plan). Signs between exit points should be spaced inaccordance with the following principles:

• Minimum spacing between VMS: 400m

• Desirable spacing between VMS: 3000m• Desirable maximum spacing between VMS: 5000m

These spacings are also considered appropriate for urban arterial roads. However, asdiversion points are likely to be intersections where alternative routes of an adequatestandard are available, VMS should be positioned 400 - 700m prior to such locations.

VMS should not compete with existing signs or interfere with traffic control devices. Ingeneral, VMS should not be located within 200m of a fixed sign. However, as thisrequirement may be difficult to achieve, the following minimum distances between VMS andother significant road signs should be adopted where possible:

• 30m in business and residential areas;

• 50m for 60 - 70 km/h;

• 60m for 80 - 90 km/h; and

• 70m for 100 - 110 km/h.

Generally VMS should not be placed within an interchange area or in close proximity to anon-ramp where merging, frequent braking or weaving movements are common. VMS mustnot be located within 200m of a variable speed limit/lane control gantry, nor collocated onthese gantries.

Additional advice on the placement of VMS can be found in Austroads "Guide to Traffic

Management Part 10: Traffic Control and Communication Devices" 2009.

3.1.7.1 Public Consultation

VMS are large signs and consideration must be given to the visual impact and availablespace of the area. Rural roads tend to have wider road reserves that can accommodatelarger signs whereas in urban areas, the visual intrusion of VMS, in relation to narrowercorridors and local amenities, may be an issue. Visual interference with views can also be aconsideration in rural areas. Public consultation is the best method to ensure the public'sacceptance of the signs.

While VMS within highway corridors should not normally require public consultation, thosein urban arterial corridors may justify consultation about location and position. Publicconsultation in urban and rural areas is only likely to be needed in particularly sensitivecases.

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3.1.8 Legibility Distance

Legibility distance is dictated by the size of characters, approach speed, vertical orhorizontal offset of VMS. The time needed to read and understand a relatively completemessage screen is approximately 2.5 seconds.

Interference with the driver's view of a VMS increases as traffic volumes increase andpercentage of trucks increases. Under these circumstances, messages should be as shortas possible.

The total legibility distance, as shown in Figure 1 below, is a culmination of distancestravelled while:

• Observing or scanning the sign before reading;

• Reading the sign; and

• No longer being able to read the sign.

Figure 1: Sign Legibility Distance Elements

When using or developing messages which comprise a large number of words, or insituations where a sign has a significant lateral offset, message legibility can be assessedby calculating the required legibility distance (L required) from the equation in 3.1.8.1 belowand comparing this with the actual legibility distance (L actual) outlined in 3.1.8.2 below. If Lrequired is greater than L actual, consideration should be given to reducing the number of words to result in an outcome where L required is less than L actual.

3.1.8.1 Required legibility distance

TThe following formulae can be used to determine the total sign legibility distance required:

Roadside mounted VMS: L= 0.105NV - 8.55S

Overhead mounted VMS: L= 0.105NV - 17.1S

Where:

L = total legibility distance needed (m)

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N = number of words on screen

V = approach speed in km/h

S = offset distance from driver eye position to centre of sign.

3.1.8.2 Actual legibility distance

Actual legibility distance is based on the size of the characters used on the VMS. Actuallegibility distance (m) = 0.6 x H

Where:

H = Character height (mm)

Based on the character height specified in Main Roads Technical Standards - MRTS202Provision of Variable Message Signs for Type A, B and C VMS, actual legibility distancesare:

3.2 Mobile VMS

Mobile VMS are used for traffic management purposes in the following circumstances:

• at road construction and maintenance sites;

• at temporary locations for 'location specific' road safety information;

• in the areas surrounding major events; and

• for incident management where permanent VMS are not available or are inoperative, orwhere the spacing of permanent VMS is unable to give adequate warning of a majorincident.

Mobile VMS are generally used at roadworks sites or in association with major events to:

• pre-warn motorists of road construction or maintenance activities, or events, that maycause delay during some future period; and

• advise motorists of likely delays and suitable alternative routes for the duration of theworks or event.

3.2.1 Characteristics

Mobile VMS should be capable of displaying at least three lines, each of eight characters, atthe appropriate character size for their deployment location (refer to section 3.1.8). A typicalmobile VMS configuration at highway speeds is two lines of eight characters.

The lower edge of the message should be at least 2 meters above the road surface.

3.2.2 Legibility

The sign should be legible for the same distance and time as permanent VMS. Sincemounting heights are likely to be lower, interference from other traffic (especially largevehicles) is likely to be more common, and should be taken into consideration.

VMS Type Character height (as per MRTS202) Actual legibility distance

Type A 150mm 90m

Type B 300mm 180m

Type C 400mm 240m

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3.2.3 Mobile VMS Placement

Mobile VMS should not be placed in a position where it will present a hazard risk to roadusers or become a hazard to pedestrians. They should be located clear of any roadsidefurniture, side streets and driveways, so that required visibility to permanent signs and sightdistances for entering drivers, are not compromised. The appropriate legibility (reading)

distances are the same for permanent VMS (refer to section 3.1.8).

The lower edge of the message should be at least 2 metres above the road surface.

Since mounting heights are likely to be lower, interference from other traffic (especially largevehicles) is likely to be more common, and should be taken into consideration.

It is important that mobile VMS are positioned horizontally to avoid difficulty in reading thesign. This can often impose constraints on the available positioning. Where practical theyshould be placed off any shoulder that may exist where road users have enough time toread, comprehend and adopt the specified action given in the message/s. Whereverpossible vehicle clear zones should be provided.

Mobile VMS should not be placed on both sides of a carriageway at the same location. If separate signs are needed for each side of the road, they should be located at least 200mapart. The sign should be turned 3 - 5 degrees away from the perpendicular to the edge of the carriageway to reduce glare. When not in use, mobile VMS should be removed as soonas possible. If a mobile VMS has to be in a certain position for longer than messages arebeing shown, it should be turned away from drivers when not in use. Mobile VMS that havebeen placed in a location for a particular purpose (such as to alert drivers to changedconditions due to roadworks), should not be used in the same location for a differentpurpose (such as to display safety filler messages) once the primary purpose hasconcluded.

If a mobile VMS is placed on the footpath and creates a hazard or blocks the path of pedestrians and other footpath users, an appropriate alternative safe path should be clearlydefined. If the sign is placed in a traffic lane then an appropriate traffic path shall be clearlydelineated.

In general, mobile VMS will be used in areas where there are no permanent VMS.Exceptions to this may be if a permanent VMS is inoperative, or where the spacing of VMSis unable to give adequate warning of a major incident. Mobile VMS should be located atleast 300m from the nearest permanent VMS.

Mobile VMS should only be deployed when:

• drivers are required to do something in response to the VMS message (such as change

travel speed or lane, divert, or be aware of a change in current or future trafficconditions);

• static signs that can effectively convey the required message are not readily available;

• information can be confirmed from a reliable source;

• the mobile VMS does not tell drivers something they already know; and

• traffic conditions can be monitored so that the mobile VMS can be removed or themessage changed as soon as necessary.

As viewing conditions for mobile VMS are rarely as good as for permanent VMS, it isappropriate to place restrictions on their use and message extent.

3.3 Vehicle Mounted VMS

Vehicle mounted VMS can be mounted on the front, back or roof of most vehicles and canbe used at roadwork sites, for mobile roadworks, traffic incident management services

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vehicles (eg: Traffic Response Units), survey vehicles and by police and emergencyservices vehicles.

In the absence of a specific MRTS for vehicle mounted VMS, those for permanent VMSshould be adopted where possible:

• Fonts and colours (refer to section 3.1.4);• Legibility distances (refer to section 3.1.8); and

• Message content (refer to section 4 ).

Although not all Vehicle mounted VMS are used at, or near, a work site, the same principlesshould be followed where possible. Refer to Part 3 of the MUTCD for additionalrequirements for vehicle mounted signs and devices.

Where VMS are to be used at, or near, a work site:

• Messages should be kept to a maximum of four words per screen with a maximum of two screens;

• Signs should be legible for the appropriate distance and time for the prevailing speed of traffic (refer to section 3.1.8); and

• Messages should be relevant to the nature and phase of work in progress and shouldbe changed or switched off when they are not relevant.

For more information about VMS at work sites, refer to Part 3 of the MUTCD.

4 VMS Message Design

4.1 Message Types

The range of potential messages for VMS is limited to the display of information that isdirectly relevant to the driving task or is likely to enhance the safety or performance of state-controlled roads.

Messages are to be limited to the following categories and according to priority. Details of these categories of messages and their respective priority are:

1. Warnings of hazards or unexpected conditions (Category 1)

2. Disasters or Emergency Alerts (Category 1E)

3. Child Abduction Alert (Amber Alert) (Category 2)

4. Traffic management information (Category 3)

5. Travel information (Category 4)

6. Filler messages, including road safety messages, general transportation messages andcommunity benefit messages (Category 5)

It is important that the highest priority message be displayed which could change theindicative ranking as noted above. In simple terms, depending on the immediate situation aCategory 2 message could override a Category 1 incident. This requires ongoingmonitoring of conditions and incidents.

4.1.1 Warning of Hazards or Unexpected Conditions (Category 1)

These messages alert motorists to immediate hazards, such as:

• An incident - eg: crash;

• A lane blockage;

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• Reduced speed limit;

• A disabled vehicle or an object on the road;

• An animal on the road;

• Reduced visibility resulting from smoke or localised fog;

• Slippery conditions resulting from an oil/chemical spill; or

• Unexpected queues from non-recurrent congestion.

It is recommended that the first VMS to display a message for an incident should be nomore than 5km upstream of a minor incident (not involving a lane blockage/closure) and nomore than 8km upstream of an incident that involves a lane blockage/closure.

Where a carriageway or road is closed, or delays are substantial, it is recommended thatthe first VMS should be no more than 8km upstream of the last appropriate diversion point,with signs more remote than this not displaying messages related to the incident. Theremay be exceptions on highway systems where greater advance notice using VMS is

warranted, however this should only be done if it is possible to provide an effectivemessage to encourage diversion via suitable exits to alternative routes.

Refer to "Appendix L - VMS Messages - Category 1 & 3 - Traffic Management" for details onthe process for category 1 (traffic management) messages.

4.1.1.1 Message Display Time Restrictions

None - unless another category of message type is considered a higher priority. This is aregional management priority decision.

4.1.2 Disasters or Emergency Alerts (Category 1E))

These messages alert motorists to assist them in the preparedness, response and recoveryof disasters or road use emergencies, such as.

• General safety, evacuation and other emergency related advice to the public; or

• An impending or existing disaster event likely to or already affecting road conditions.

Distance guidance does not apply for emergency-related warnings and advice.

Refer to "Appendix K - VMS Messages - Category 1E -Emergency Alert" for details on theapproval and deployment process for category 1E (Emergency Alert) messages.



4.1.3 Child Abduction Alert Message (Amber Alert) (Category 2)

In the event of a child abduction or suspected child abduction, the Queensland PoliceService (QPS) may decide to rapidly inform the public of permissible details to assist withtheir investigation.

Refer to "Appendix M - VMS Messages - Category 2 - QPS Amber Alert" for details on theprocess for category 2 (QPS Amber Alert) messages, this process is also the process that isfollowed when implementing an Amber Alert messages on Brisbane City Council (BCC) anddepartmental VMS by personnel from the Brisbane Metropolitan Traffic Management Centre(BMTMC) and departmental Traffic Management Centres (TMCs).

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The message is to be displayed for at least three hours or until further notification isreceived from QPS.

In the event that a VMS is also required for emergent operational purposes, the category 1

message/s will take priority over the Amber Alert. All requests for Amber Alerts are to belogged with the time commenced and terminated.

4.1.4 Traffic Management Information (Category 3)

These messages indicate the location and degree of localised recurrent congestion,directional signage and travel times.

Refer to "Appendix L - VMS Messages - Category 1 & 3 - Traffic Management" for details onthe process for category 3 (traffic management) messages.



4.1.5 Special Events / Roadworks (Category 4)

These messages provide advanced information of special events or plannaed roadworkswhich have an ability to affect traffic (generally including a description and date/time of theevent, expectation of delay and/or suggestion to consider alternative routes).

Wherever possible, generic descriptors of sporting events will be used when companieshave purchased naming rights (refer to section 4.4).

Refer to "Appendix N - VMS Messages - Category 4 - Special Events / Roadworks" fordetails on the process for category 4 (special event/roadworks) messages.


For special events, advance information should only be displayed up to one week beforethe start of the event.

4.1.6 Filler Messages (Category 5)

Filler messages are only displayed when there is no requirement for higher prioritymessages and are limited to enhance the safety or performance of the State-controllednetwork or influence/inform the public in cases of potential or declared natural disasters.These groups are:

• Road safety messages:

• Community benefit messages; and

• General transportation messages

Refer to "Appendix O - VMS Messages - Category 5 - Filler Messages" for details on theapproval and deployment process for category 5 (filler) messages.

Refer to "Appendix I - VMS Filler Messages" for a list of approved VMS filler messages.


As per the Policy, the following limitations apply to the use of filler messages:

Filler messages must not be displayed during peak periods (peak is generally 6:00 -9:00am and 3:00 - 6:00pm Monday - Friday but can vary depending on regional traffic

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conditions) as the VMS shall only be used for incident and traffic management purposesduring peak period times.

Filler messages must not be displayed when the traffic flows in the direction relevant to theVMS device are greater than 85% of the road capacity and are only to be used on devicesprogrammed through STREAMS.

Filler messages must be displayed for a minimum of 20% and not exceed more than 30% of the available time; road safety messages shall account for at least half of the filler messagesbeing displayed.

Limiting the display of filler messages to not more than 30% of off peak times shall reducethe risk of frequent exposure to non-critical information leading to VMS messages beingignored. At all other times, the VMS will be blank or in 'exercise' mode with displays of wording of hazards, conditions and/or traffic management information.

4.1.6.2 Road Safety Filler Messages

Road safety messages are filler messages that are directly related to the driving task or deal

with on-road driver/passenger safety and behaviour. Messages should be rotated betweensigns and the same message not displayed for more than 2-3 days.

Road safety messages include:

• Speed;

• Fatigue;

• Following distance;

• Vehicle maintenance; and

• Excessive lane changing.

Refer to "Appendix I - VMS Filler Messages" for a list of recommended general road safetymessages.

Alternatively, road safety messages also include specific road safety campaign messages.Traffic Data and Engineering (previously known as Road Safety) are the approver of roadsafety filler messages and has a planned rotation of road safety campaigns scheduled tocoincide with certain times of the year and/or aimed at specific target groups.

New campaign messages, rotation schedules and general messages will be circulated to allregions and TMCs by the Director (Traffic Systems and Road Use) when approved andreleased for use. At this time all redundant messages should be removed from thesystem/s.

4.1.6.3 Community Benefit Filler Messages

Community benefit filler messages are only to be used where:

• There are significant community interest benefits with these types of VMS fillermessages. For example, drought conditions with critically low water storage levels orextreme fire danger conditions; and

• The message can be shown to be relevant to a significant proportion of the travellingpublic; and

• No commercial or advertising benefit is given to any person or organisation (eg:

business names shall not appear on signs).

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4.1.6.4 General Transportation Filler Messages

General transportation messages must be relevant to a significant proportion of thetravelling public and be in the interest of improving network performance/efficiency. Thesetypes of messages provide general transportation information through advice of alternativeroute options and traffic information. These may include messages, such as 131940 traffic

and travel information (web and phone) and information about the use of toll roads (notcommercial use).

4.2 Text Case Selection for messages

4.2.1 Category 1 - 2 Messages (Real-time information for action)

All unplanned, emergency and traffic incident information (Category 1-2 messages - listedbelow) must be displayed using upper case only on VMS. This allows for traffic relatedunplanned incidents and network changes to be clearly legible and does not jeopardise thisimportant test to real time information and action.

• Warnings of hazards or unexpected conditions (Category 1)

• Disasters or Emergency Alerts (Category 1E)

• Child Abduction Alert (Amber Alert) (Category 2)

An example of a 'Real-time information for action' message is shown below:

BREAKDOWN / AHEAD / MERGE LEFT

4.2.2 Category 3 - 5 Messages (Traffic Information and Filler)

All Traffic management information, travel information and filler messages (Category 3 - 5messages - listed below) should be displayed in upper and lower case with Capitals at thestart of each word on VMS where systems allow for this to occur. This allows for thenecessary distinction between critical messages and lower order ("non critical") messagetypes.

• Traffic management information (Category 3)

• Travel information (Category 4)

• Filler messages, including road safety messages, general transportation messages andcommunity benefit messages (Category 5)

An example of a filler Message is shown below:

Tailgating / Causes Crashes

4.3 Graphics and Symbols

Symbols should be limited to arrows to support text messages. Symbols used on VMSmust be consistent with the MUTCD and the Australian Road Rules.

As VMS (with the exception of Enhanced VMS) typically do not meet requirements todisplay valid regulatory signs, any VMS displaying a road sign (such as a speed limit)should be accompanied by a valid regulatory sign, compliant with the MUTCD.

4.4 Advertising

Road authority operated VMS are not to be used for commercial advertising under any

circumstances. No organisation's commercial or advertising benefit is to be given to anyperson or organisation (names are not to be used in messages).

VMS operated by third parties for advertising purposes situated outside the boundaries of the state controlled road corridor and visible from the state-controlled road corridor must

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comply with the department's Roadside Advertising Guide and have the approval of therelevant local authority. For more information see Part 6 of the Roadside Advertising Guide.

General transportation messages including alternative route options and traffic informationis allowable as long as it does not advertise a particular company's product or services.

4.5 Message Content

It is important that messages can be easily read and understood. They must not require somuch attention that other driving tasks are adversely affected. At a minimum, messagesmust include a problem statement and an action statement. Where necessary, messagesmay also include location, effect and attention statements and time and location modifierinformation (for example, "NEAR", "AHEAD", and so on). These statements are describedbelow and a list of recommended problem, action, location, effect and attention statementsare provided in Appendices A - E.

A list of standard messages has been developed for use by Traffic Response Units (TRUs),and is provided in Appendix J.

TMCs and regions should note that some messages may be more relevant or understoodin some areas (eg rural or urban areas) than others. For example, while "ANIMALS ONROAD" may be relevant in both, the message "STOCK ON ROAD" is unlikely to be neededin an urban area.

All VMS messages should be consistent with the MUTCD.

4.5.1 Problem Statements

Problem statements define the type of incident that will impact traffic operations. Incidentsmay include crashes, roadworks, traffic congestion, environmental conditions and hazardson the road.

A list of recommended problem statements is provided in "Appendix A - RecommendedVMS Problem Statements".

4.5.2 Action Statements

The action statement is the element that motorists must be able to recall if the VMSmessage is to be effective. It is an essential element if some action is required by motorists.

A list of recommended action statements is provided in Appendix B - Recommended VMS Action Statements and Symbols".

It should be noted that some action statements are not explicit; rather, they require driversto make decisions. Where the capacity of a road is reduced but traffic can still use it, a

formal signed detour may not be appropriate. In such cases, drivers can be advised eitherto CONSIDER an alternative route or to FIND an alternative route. The latter message has ahigher impact on the proportion of drivers who do divert from the route. The necessity toprovide a detour depends on the extent of the incident, the suitability of available detoursand the practicality of providing adequate signing of the detour.

4.5.3 Location Statements

Location statements describe the location of an incident and describe distance, placenames, road/street names, route numbers, exit numbers, road infrastructure features andlandmarks. The appropriate type of location to use will depend on the circumstances. Roadnames are generally preferred to route numbers.

The use of road/street names or place names will depend on the prevailing practice onrelevant direction signs. Locality names are more likely to be appropriate in rural areas,whereas in urban areas drivers tend to be more aware of street and road names.

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A list of recommended location statements is provided in "Appendix C - RecommendedVMS Location Statements".

4.5.4 Effect Statements

Effect statements describe the state of the road or the effect the incident will have on traffic

operations (described in the Problem Statement).

One specific type of effect statement is a delay statement that can be displayed as:

• "MAJOR DELAYS";

• "MINOR DELAYS";

• "'number' MINUTES DELAY"; or

• "'number' HOURS DELAY".

The quantified options should only be used where reliable information is available and canbe regularly updated. Alternatively, the statement may be displayed as "EXPECT DELAYS".

The message "MINOR DELAYS" is suitable for delays up to about 10 minutes in urbancontexts or 15 minutes in general rural contexts. In remote locations, up to 30 minutes maybe considered minor.

A list of recommended effect statements is provided in "Appendix D - Recommended VMSEffect Statements".

4.5.5 Attention Statements

An attention statement is used to gain the attention of a particular group of motorists ratherthan the normal case of a message targeting all motorists. The attention statement identifiesthe target audience to whom the VMS action statement applies.

The attention statement "ALL TRAFFIC" should only be used where drivers may reasonablyexpect the message to apply only to a particular group of motorists.

The flashing attention statement "CHILD ABDUCTION ALERT TUNE - TO LOCAL RADIO"can only be used when QPS issue an Amber Alert direct to TMCs (refer to section 4.1.3).

A list of recommended attention statements is provided in "Appendix E - RecommendedVMS Attention Statements".

4.5.6 Time and Date Information

Time and date information may be required to provide advance notice of special events orroadwork affecting future traffic operations. One week is normally considered to be anappropriate advance notice period.

Information may also be provided on when an event or incident is expected to end. Thiselement will contain time duration, days of the week, day periods, time of day, time periods,dates and/or date periods. Time duration in minutes should be shown in five or ten minutetime increments.

Days of the week are better absorbed by drivers than dates and date periods. Dates anddate periods should therefore only be used for major occurrences and when the datesinvolved are at least one week in the future.

A l ist of recommended time and date information is provided in "Appendix F -

Recommended VMS Time and Date Statements".

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4.5.6.1 Expressing Time-Related Information

It is essential that time related information shown on VMS be accurate and current. Achieving this will require high quality data gathering, usually automatic. It is recommendedthat time related information is not displayed on VMS unless data is accurate and systemsand process are in place to ensure that the accuracy of the data is maintained (or removed

promptly when accuracy can not be maintained).

Examples of time related information that could be used on VMS include:

• Travel time on highways;

• Delays on highways; and

• Delay avoidance on alternative routes.

4.5.7 Abbreviations

A number of abbreviations have been found to have a sufficiently high recognition rate (atleast 85%) to be used on VMS, independently of their context. Some other abbreviations

are adequately understood when combined with certain prompt words (such as PREP for"prepare" if it precedes TO STOP).

Abbreviations of other words (such as street, road or place names) are acceptable on VMSif they are in accordance with the MUTCD.

A list of recommended abbreviations is provided in "Appendix G - Standard Abbreviationsfor VMS Use".

Abbreviations are more likely to be needed for mobile VMS. If an abbreviation other thanthose in the appendix is proposed, it should be referred to Director (Traffic Systems andRoad Use).

4.6 Matrix Characteristics (Text Layout)

4.6.1 Permanent Matrix Characteristics

The current departmental standards for permanent VMS, outlined in Main Roads TechnicalStandards - MRTS202 Provision of Variable Message Signs, specify:

• where the speed limit is 60km/hr or less, a maximum four line display of 18 fixed widthcharacters per line (Type A sign); and

• where the speed limit is 70km/h or greater, a maximum three line display of 18 fixedwidth characters per line (Type B and C signs).

To ensure message clarity, characters and lines should each be separated by a minimum of two pixels.

4.6.2 Enhanced VMS Matrix Characteristics

Enhanced VMS contain a textural matrix similar to that of a typical permanent VMS,however with 19 proportional width characters per line.

In addition to a textural matrix, enhanced VMS also contain a secondary screen capable of displaying graphics and symbols (that generally conform to the MUTCD). Thesegraphics/symbols will typically be used to display a Warning sign, a Guide sign or aTemporary sign, as defined in the MUTCD Part 1, Section 1.5.

4.6.3 Mobile VMS matrix characteristics

Mobile VMS should be capable of displaying at least three lines, each of eight characters, atthe appropriate character size for their deployment location (refer to section 3.2.3).

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A typical mobile VMS configuration at highway speeds is two lines of eight characters.

The lower edge of the message should be at least 2 metres above the road surface.

Messages on mobile VMS need to be kept as short as possible due to the limitations in thenumber of characters and their location. Messages should concentrate on the most

important elements of a message - the problem and action statements (refer to Appendices A - B). Where possible, elements that can be reasonably inferred by motorists should beeliminated (for example, LEFT LANE CLOSED implies that drivers should MERGE RIGHT, sothe latter element could be omitted. Similarly, the word AHEAD can often be omitted frommessages on mobile VMS).

It is recommended that only one screen be used, with a maximum of two screens.

Mobile VMS should only be used for incident or event related messages. Generally theyshould not be used for filler messages (refer to section 4.1.6), however road safetymessages relating to a specific section of road or to coincide with certain travel periods areexceptions. For example, approved police messages or specific road safety campaign

messages, driver reviver opening hours, or safety messages during holiday travel periods(such as Easter) are acceptable.

4.6.4 Vehicle Mounted VMS Text

Messages should be kept to a maximum of four words per screen with a maximum of twoscreens;

A list of approved Vehicle Mounted VMS text for Traffic Response Unit (TRU) vehicles isprovided in "Appendix J - TRU VMS Messages".

4.7 Number of Screens

VMS messages shall be limited to the matrix characteristics allowable for the speed

environment they are in (refer to section 3.1.8).

While two-screen messages are acceptable, every effort should be made to limit a messageto single screen display.

Three-screen messages should not be used as design legibility distances do not allowsufficient time for reading by most drivers.

Desirably "filler" messages will be limited to a single screen.

Each page of a multiple page message should make sense to the road user on its own anda unit of information may not begin on one page and finish on the next page. Each pageshould be able to be read as if it is the first page of the message and care must be taken to

prevent ambiguity if only one page is read or pages are interpreted in incorrect sequences.

4.8 Screen Display Changes

Messages should NOT roll across the screen, scroll down the screen or flash. The onlyexception to this is child abduction alert messages (see section 4.1.3), which may flash.Where it is necessary to emphasise a message, such as for warnings of immediate hazardsor unexpected conditions, conspicuity lights (if available) should be used.

Where a message consists of more than one screen, a blank display of 0.5 secondsduration is recommended between screens.

Where a message is to be changed, a blank display of at least two seconds should be used

between the end of one message and the start of the next. Changes of display should bemade by completely blanking out the current screen and introducing the new screen as acomplete display. Transition effects should not be used.

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4.9 Message Compatibility and Credibility

VMS messages must be fully compatible with static signs. They should complementexisting static signage rather than simply duplicating it. Means of defining locations (suchas place names or road names) should match those on relevant static signs and the textused (for example, delay or congestion) should be compatible with the MUTCD.

Where incident management through detection or CCTV cameras is used, it should beintegrated with the VMS system as much as possible. In particular, downstream camerasand/or incident detection should support VMS wherever possible.

Accurate VMS messages are vital in achieving high levels of driver compliance andcredibility. Credibility can be substantially aided by:

• Ensuring that the message is relevant and accurate. Unless the accuracy of incominginformation can be verified, the use of more general messages may be appropriate;

• Using CCTV where available to identify and verify incidents and determine when theeffects of the incident have ended, or are significantly reduced, warranting a change in

the VMS message. Wherever possible, there should be good CCTV coveragedownstream of VMS locations; and

• Exercising restraint in the use of road safety and filler messages. Extensive use of thesemessages can lead to a situation where there is an incident but a VMS is still showing anirrelevant message. It is recommended that filler messages be used only where there isaccurate information available on current conditions (eg CCTV or occupancy loops) andwhen the control centre is manned or automatic incident detection is operating.

4.10 Conspicuity (wig-wag) light usage

Where a VMS features conspicuity lights, these lights should only be used to emphasise

messages that have an effect on the majority of motorists within the immediate vicinity. Forexample, using conspicuity lights to emphasise a warning of an upcoming incident wouldbe appropriate (eg: Traffic Response Units, critical flood sites). Use of conspicuity lights formessages that will not immediately affect the majority of road users at that point will lessenthe credibility of the conspicuity lights and will potentially create an unnecessary distractionto motorists.

4.11 Message Approval

Wherever possible, incident related VMS messages should consist of the recommendedwording sets listed in Appendices A - J. Approval is not required for minor changes such asthe use of different locality names, nor is it intended to exclude the preparation of a new

message in an emergency situation, where no suitable message exists in an existingmessage set.

The approval processes for new VMS messages can be found in Appendices K - O. Newmessage applications will be examined on the basis of this standard and once approvedwill be distributed to all TMCs and regional offices. This ensures consistency and promotessharing of good messages between regions.

The Filler Message request form can be found in "Appendix P - VMS Filler MessageRequest Form".

4.12 Message Consistency

To ensure network consistency, this standard and any significant changes are also providedto other associated road agencies.

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5 VMS Operation

5.1 Process to Populate Permanent VMS

Permanent VMS can be populated manually or by using semi-automatic and automaticsystems. The degree of automation can vary in both the detection methods used and the

means by which a message is created. There are a variety of message deploymentstrategies that can be used. Recommendations are provided below.

5.1.1 Manual

Manual typing of a message should be avoided as this approach is prone to errors in thetyping or the creation of an inappropriate message. A pre-prepared message set, withspaces for appropriate numbers and location names is recommended, with a sub set of initial generic messages (see section 5.1.4).

5.1.2 Semi-Automatic

Lane occupancy detectors, CCTV cameras, queue protection and other ITS may be linked

to alarms to provide warning of an incident or particular conditions and to recommendspecific messages for implementation by a TMC operator.

5.1.3 Automatic

Fully automatic VMS population is an automated algorithm driven process for messageselection and deployment based on incident/condition detection. Although not currently inuse within Queensland, projects such as VSL may incorporate these technologies.

5.1.4 Message Deployment Strategy

In the absence of automatic VMS population, it is considered that the best approach is todeploy an initial generic message and refine the message, if necessary, as an incidentdevelops.

The initial generic messages comprise a limited set of approximately 50 messages,provided in "Appendix H - Generic VMS Messages". More detailed messages should thenbe constructed from the elements in Appendices A - G.

5.2 Process to Populate Mobile VMS

Mobile VMS typically only allow manual updating of messages. For this reason care shouldbe taken when updating messages and signs should be checked where possible followingan update to ensure that the displayed message is correct.

5.3 Record KeepingIt is recommended that records be maintained on the messages that are displayed on eachVMS, together with the start and end time of the display.

The records should be categorised by message type, so that a balance can be maintained.If practical, information on driver reaction to the message (such as diversion rate) should beincluded.

6 VMS Operated by State, Local Government or Private Road Operators onState-controlled Roads

The conditional use of VMS by other state agencies, local government or private roadoperators on state-controlled roads can provide benefits for communities and motorists.The purpose of this section is to provide the framework to ensure road safety on state-controlled roads is not compromised in the operation of VMS and to supportcommunication with their local community.

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Any state agency, local government or private road operator seeking to purchase and installa VMS device should seek early advice from the relevant Transport and Main Roads (TMR)regional off ice. A l ist of TMR regional off ices is avai lable online at

http://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/About-us/Contact-us.aspx.

6.1 Approval Conditions for use in conjunction with a Road Corridor Permit Approval is NOT given for commercial use and revenue is not to be derived from the device.The use of the VMS is restricted to the display of information of community significanceand/or of state importance and must not be used for other purposes.

State importance is defined as a message that is approved by authorised officers of theQueensland Police Service, the Department of Community Safety or TMR. Any use of VMSis required to follow the Variable Messages Signs Use and Operation Guideline, Transportand Road Use Management Manual Chapter 2.9.

VMS must not display organisation names, and must not be used for political advertising.Political advertising is defined as any message which identifies political candidates and/or

promotes a political party at local, state or federal elections.

The VMS is to be appropriately branded in order to identify ownership by the purchasingorganisation.

It is acceptable to use VMS to promote local government initiatives (eg Watch every drop).

6.1.1 Technical Specifications

Any organisation seeking to install a device on the state controlled road network must firstapply for a Road Corridor Permit (refer page 3), as per section 50(2) of the TransportInfrastructure Act 1994.

A Road Corridor Permit application form M2373, available on the department's web site atwww.tmr.qld.gov.au, shall be submitted to the local TMR office for approval. All trafficmanagement during erection, maintenance and disassembly shall be in accordance withthe Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

The sign must comply with Main Roads Technical Standard MRTS202 Provision of VariableMessage Signs. It is expected that in providing approval for installation of a VMS devicewithin the state-controlled road environment that all relevant safety-related guidelines will beadhered to.

The location of a VMS close to an intersection or pedestrian crossing is of particularconcern to the department due to the proximity of LED traffic lights and the many conflictpoints between vehicles and pedestrians. Guidance is available in Chapter 7 and 8 of the

Road Planning and Design Manual.

6.1.2 Permanent VMS System Interface

Approval is given for these signs on the condition that the state is able to access andoperate the VMS during times of emergency. To enable this, the sign must be supported bySTREAMS, which is the TMR traffic management system and primary user interface toIntelligent Transport Systems (ITS).

Note: "supported by STREAMS" means that the VMS device could be connected to thecurrent release of STREAMS without further software development. Any decision to actuallyconnect the sign to STREAMS will be taken by the state at a later time.

6.1.3 VMS Operation and Use Guideline

There are a number of relevant governance documents that apply to the operation and useof VMS. A list of these publications is provided below. These publications are updated

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periodically and should be considered the authoritative guideline for the installation andoperation of VMS. Some limited excerpts are provided below to assist organisations inunderstanding the State's interests and requirements that apply to VMS.

• Message size and content details must comply with the Variable Message Signs: Useand Operation Guideline - TRUM Chapter 2.9.

• Each complete message where possible is to be contained within the one VMS displayscreen.

• Filler messages which are Road Safety Messages, Community Benefit Messages orGeneral Transportation Messages should not be shown during peak traffic periods.

• The luminance and luminance ratio of the LED shall comply with the requirements of Australian Standard 4852.1, Table 3.3.

7 Other Considerations

7.1 Energy Efficiencies

TMR researches and considers alternate sources of power and energies with the view totowards energy efficiencies. A range of technologies are considered in this process andcurrently the department has solar panel VMS in place in some regions.

7.2 Variable Speed Limit Signs

For details on how VMS may be used in conjunction with Variable Speed Limit (VSL) signplease refer to the Speed Limits and Lane Control Signs: Interaction with Variable MessageSigns of the Variable Speed Limit Concept of Operations document.

8 Further Advice

For further advice or to provide feedback on this guideline, please contact:

Director (Traffic Systems and Road Use)

Engineering and Technology Branch

Phone: (07) 3066 3451

Fax: (07) 3066 3401

9 Policy Owner

The Director (Traffic Systems and Road Use) is the owner of this guideline and the Displayof Information on Variable Message Signs policy. Traffic Systems and Road Use isresponsible for the monitoring of and changes to these documents in consultation with thePrincipal Engineer (Traffic) and Program Development & Operations. This guideline sits onthe Publications Series under the Traffic & Road Use Management (TRUM) Manual forQuality Assurance purposes.

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10 Definitions

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Terms, abbreviationsand acronyms

Definition

Department Department of Transport and Main Roads

TMR Department of Transport and Main Roads

Employee All temporary and permanent staff, consultants, contractors, students or any otherperson who provides services on a paid or voluntary basis to or on behalf of theDepartment of Transport and Main Roads.

ICT Information and communication technology

QGEA

Queensland Government Enterprise Architecture (QGEA) is the collection of ICTpolicies and associated documents, directed by the Queensland Government Chief Information Officer, that guides the department's ICT initiatives and investments toimprove the compatibility and cost-effectiveness of ICT across the government

VMS Variable Message Sign

TMC Traffic Management Centre

BMTMC Brisbane Metropolitan Transport Management Centre

EMD Emergency Management Division

R&CU Road and Corridor Use Branch

TRUM Traffic and Road Use Management Manual

VSL Intelligent Transport Systems

ITS Variable Message Sign

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11 References

• Australian Standard 4852.1-2009 Variable message signs Part 1: Fixed signs

• Australian Standard 4852.2 - 2009 Variable message signs Part 2: Mobile signs

• Australian Standard 1744-1975 Standard alphabets for road signs

• Display of Information on Variable Message Signs policy (Department of Transport andMain Roads, 2009)

• Electronic Variable Message Signs - General Location and Operation Fact SheetDepartment of Transport and Main Roads Dec 2010, through www.tmr.qld.gov.au

• Electronic Variable Message Signs (VMS) at Schools guideline

• Enhanced Variable Message Signs policy and guideline

• Guide to Traffic Management Part 10: Traffic Control and Communication Devices(Austroads, 2009)

• Intelligent Transport Systems Technical Reference Group (ITS TRG)

• Main Roads Specifications and Technical Standards - MRTS202 Provision of VariableMessage Signs (Department of Transport and Main Roads)

• Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (Department of Transport and Main Roads)

• Queensland Road Rules

• Road Corridor Permit (form M2373) (Department of Transport and Main Roads)

• Road Planning and Design Manual (Chapter 7) (Department of Transport and MainRoads)

• Roadside Advertising Guide (Department of Transport and Main Roads, 2010)

• Speed Limits and Lane Control Signs: Interaction with Variable Message Signs of theVariable Speed Limit Concept of Operations (Department of Transport and Main Roads,2010)

• Traffic & Road Use Management (TRUM) Manual (Department of Transport and MainRoads)

• Transport Infrastructure Act 1994

• Variable Messages Signs Use and Operation Guideline, Transport and Road UseManual (Chapter 2.9)

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Appendix List

Appendix A - Recommended VMS Problem Statements

Appendix B - Recommended VMS Action Statements and Symbols

Appendix C - Recommended VMS Location Statements

Appendix D - Recommended VMS Effect Statements

Appendix E - Recommended VMS Attention Statements

Appendix F - Recommended VMS Time and Date Statements

Appendix G - Standard Abbreviations for VMS Use

Appendix H - Generic VMS Messages

Appendix I - VMS Filler Messages

Appendix J - TRU VMS Messages

Appendix K - VMS Messages - Category 1E - Emergency Alerts

Appendix L - VMS Messages - Category 1 & 3 - Traffic Management

Appendix M - VMS Messages - Category 2 - QPS Amber Alert

Appendix N - VMS Messages - Category 4 - Special Events / Roadworks

Appendix O - VMS Messages - Category 5 - Filler Messages

Appendix P - VMS Filler Message Request Form

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Appendix A: Recommended VMS Problem Statements

As at 4 September 2012, subject to change, email [email protected] for current list

Traffic Management

"name" BRIDGE CLOSED HIGH CRASH ZONE

"name" EXIT CLOSED HIGH WIND

"name" TUNNEL CLOSED INCIDENT

ANIMALS ON ROAD LANE BLOCKED

BREAKDOWN OIL ON ROAD

BRIDGEWORK POOR VISIBILITY

CHEMICAL SPILL QUEUE

CONGESTION ROAD CLOSED

CONGESTION DUE TO/CRASH (or INCIDENT)

ROAD FLOODED

CRASH ROAD NARROWS

DANGER ROAD UNDER WATER

DEBRIS ON ROAD ROADWORK

DELAYS SLIPPERY CONDITIONS

EXIT "number" CLOSED SLIPPERY WHEN WET

FIRE SMOKE

FLAGMAN SMOKE HAZARD AHEAD

FOG TRAFFIC HAZARD

FOG HAZARD TRAFFIC SIGNALS

GRASS FIRE VEHICLE BROKEN / DOWN

HEAVY TRAFFIC

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Appendix B: Recommended VMS Action Statements and Symbols

As at 30 March 2012, subject to change, email [email protected] for current list

Traffic Management

CRASH AHEAD /DIVERSION IN PLACE REDUCE SPEED

CRASH AHEAD /REDUCE SPEED

REDUCE SPEED NOW

DETOUR AHEAD USE ALTERNATE ROUTE

DO NOT OVERTAKE USE EXIT "number"

KEEP LEFT USE "name" EXIT

KEEP RIGHT USE "road" ROAD

MERGE LEFT (with or without arrows) USE "road" STREET

MERGE RIGHT (with or without arrows) WATCH FOR TRUCKSPREPARE TO STOP "attention statement" / KEEP RIGHT

PROCEED WITH CAUTION "attention statement" / KEEP LEFT

SPEED LIMIT REDUCED "attention statement" / MERGE TO RIGHT LANE

"attention statement" / MERGE TO LEFT LANE

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Appendix C: Recommended VMS Location Statements

The word AHEAD may often be deleted where it would add to the number of screensrequired for the message, as it is technically redundant.

As at 30 March 2012, subject to change, email [email protected] for current list.

Traffic Management

Location DefinersBUS LANE ON RAMP

BUSWAY OFF RAMP

CENTRE LANE OVER PASS

RIGHT LANE RIGHT SHOULDER

RIGHT LANES ROAD

EXIT "number" SERVICE ROAD

EXIT RAMP INTRSCT

LEFT LANE T2LANE

LEFT LANES T3LANE

LEFT SHOULDER TRANSIT LANE

"location" EXIT "landmark"

"name" BRIDGE UNDERPASS

"name" DRIVE "location" EXIT

"name" ROAD "number" km AHEAD

"name" STREET "number" m AHEAD

"name" TUNNEL"street name" TO /"street name"

"number" km

"number" m

Position Definers

AHEAD NEAR

AT NEXT

AFTER LEFT

RIGHT CENTRE

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Appendix D: Recommended VMS Effect Statements


Traffic Management

AMBULANCE AHEAD

EXPECT DELAYS

"location" CLOSED

MAJOR DELAYS

MINOR DELAYS

"number" MINS DELAY

"number" MINUTES DELAY

"number" HRS DELAY

"number" HOURS DELAY

POLICE AHEAD

POLICE CONTROL

POLICE CONTROL AHEAD

QFRS AHEAD

QUEUE

SPEED CAMERA AHEAD

SPEED CAMERA NOW ACTIVE

TRAFFIC CONTROL

TRAFFIC CONTROL AHEAD

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Appendix E: Recommended VMS Attention Statements


Traffic Management

ALL TRAFFIC THROUGH TRAFFICBUSES T2 VEHICLES

BICYCLES T3 VEHICLES

CARS TRANSIT VEHICLES

EMERGENCY VEHICLES TRUCKS

LOCAL TRAFFIC WIDE LOAD

VISITORS "destination" TRAFFIC

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Appendix F: Recommended VMS Time and Date Statements


Permanent/Enhanced VMS Mobile VMS (differences)

Time Duration "number" MINS / MIN"number" HOURS

"number" DAYS

"number" WEEKS

Time of day "number" AM

"number" PM

Time period "number" AM - "number" PM

Days of the week SUN

MON

TUES TUE

WED

THURS THU

FRI

SAT

Day Period MON - FRI

Months of the year JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Date "number" "month"

Date period "number" "month" - "number"

Miscellaneous EXPECTED

POSSIBLE

SOON

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Appendix G: Standard Abbreviations For VMS Use

The following is a list of commonly accepted abbreviations for frequently used words inreal-time traffic operations that at least 85% of motorists would understand if theabbreviations appeared on a VMS (independent of specific content):


If the VMS uses abbreviations for street or road names, they should be used in accordancewith Part 5 of the MUTCD detailed below:


Word Abbreviation Word Abbreviation

Arcade ARC Grove GR

Avenue AV Highway HWY

Boulevard BVD Junction JNC

Brace BR Lane LA

Chase CH Parade PDE

Circuit CCT Parkway PWY

Circle, Circlet, Circus CIR Place, Plaza PL

Close CL Promenade PRM

Corner CNR Quay QY

Court CT Road RD

Crescent CR Square SQ

Drive DR Street ST

Esplanade ESP Terrace TCE

Expressway EXP Walk WK

Gardens GDNWay (not usually

abbreviated)

WY

Word Abbreviation

Alternative ALT

Alternative ALTERNATE

Emergency EMERGENCY

Highway HWY

Information INFO

Maintenance MTCE

Road RD

Shoulder SHLDR

Street ST

Motorway MWY

Intersection INTRSECT

Vehicle VEH

Holidays HOLS

Minutes MINS

Kilometres KM

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Appendix H: Generic VMS Messages

Screen 1 Screen 2

Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3

1 CRASH EXPECT DELAYS

2 CRASH PROCEED WITH CAUTION

3 CRASH DETOUR AHEAD

4 CRASHPREPARE TOSTOP

5 CRASH MAJOR DELAYS FIND ALTERNATEROUTE

6 CRASH MAJOR DELAYS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

7 CRASH MINOR DELAYS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

8 ANIMALS ON

ROAD

PROCEED WITH CAUTION

9 ANIMALS ONROAD

PREPARE TOSTOP

10 BREAKDOWN PROCEED WITH CAUTION

11 BREAKDOWN AHEAD MERGE LEFT

12 BREAKDOWN AHEAD MERGE RIGHT

13 CHANGED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

14CHEMICALSPILL

PROCEED WITH CAUTION

15

CHEMICAL

SPILL FIND

ALTERNATE

ROUTE

16CHEMICALSPILL

DETOUR AHEAD

17 CONGESTION AHEADEXPECTDELAYS

18 CONGESTION AHEAD MAJOR DELAYS FIND ALTERNATEROUTE

19 CONGESTION AHEAD MAJOR DELAYS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

20 CONGESTION AHEAD MINOR DELAYS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

21 DANGER PROCEED WITH CAUTION

22 FLAGMAN AHEADREDUCESPEED

PREPARETO STOP

23 FOG HAZARD PROCEED WITH CAUTION

24 HAZARD AHEADEXPECTDELAYS

25 HAZARD PROCEED WITH CAUTION

26 HAZARD AHEADDETOUR

AHEAD

27 HAZARD MAJOR DELAYS FIND ALTERNATEROUTE

28 HAZARD MAJOR DELAYS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

29 HAZARD MINOR DELAYS PROCEED WITH CAUTION

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Screen 1 Screen 2


30 LANE CLOSED AHEAD MERGE RIGHT

31 LANE CLOSED AHEAD MERGE LEFT

32 OIL ON ROAD PROCEED WITH CAUTION

33POLICECONTROL

AHEAD

34 POOR VISIBILITY AHEAD PROCEED WITH CAUTION

35 ROAD CLOSED AHEADPREPARE TOSTOP

36 ROAD CLOSED AHEAD FIND ALTERNATEROUTE

37 ROAD CLOSEDDETOUR

AHEAD

38 ROAD FLOODED DETOUR AHEAD

39 ROAD FLOODED AHEADPREPARE TOSTOP

40 ROADWORK AHEADREDUCESPEED

41 ROADWORK AHEADEXPECTDELAYS

42 ROADWORK DETOUR

AHEAD

43 ROADWORK AHEAD PREPARE TOSTOP

44 ROADWORK AHEAD MERGE LEFT

45 ROADWORK AHEAD MERGE RIGHT

46 SMOKE HAZARD AHEAD PROCEED WITH CAUTION

47 TAKE CAREHIGH CRASHZONE

NEXT XXX KM

48TRAFFICSIGNALS

AHEADPREPARE TOSTOP

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Appendix I: VMS Filler Messages

Road Safety Messages

Screen 1 Screen 2


1 Always Drive To The Conditions

2 Breaking Road Rules Causes Crashes

3 Buckle Up Be Here Here For Life

4 Changing Lanes? Always Indicate

5 Check Your Vehicle These School Holidays

6 Checked Your Tyres Lately?

7 Checked Your Brakes Lately?

8 Distracted Drivers Are Dangerous

9 Drive Safely Be Here Here For Life

10 Drive Sober Be Here Here For Life

11 Driver Fatigue Wake Up To The Signs

12 Ensure You Arrive Safe These Holidays

13 Everyone Buckled Up? Seat Belts Save Lives

14 Fatality Free Friday 25 May Drive to Stay Alive

15 Following Too Closely? Back Off For Safety

16 Give Trucks More Space

17 Health Problems? Safe To Drive?

18 Indicate Lane Changes Be Here Here For Life

19 Is Your Veh Safe From Any Defects?

20 Is Your Vehicle Safe From Defects?

21* Keep Left Unless Overtaking

22* Keep Left Unless Overtaking Share The Road

23 Live Butts Start Fires

24 Merge Safely Choose A Safe Gap

25 Motorcyclists Be Aware Take Care, Survive

26 On Medication? Check It's Safe To Drive

27 Pass Cyclists At A Safe Distance

28 Police Speed Enforcement Is Everywhere

29 School Zones Speed Limits Are Enforced

30 School Zones 7am to 9am 2pm - 4pm

31 Seat Belt On? Passengers Buckled Up Too?

32 Seat Belts Save Lives Better Buckle Up

33 Secure Your Load Fines Apply

34 Share The Road With Cyclists

35 Slow Down Drive Within The Limit

36 Speed Camera Ahead Speed Camera Now Active

37 Speeding When Overtaking Is Illegal

38 Speeding? Slow Down Be Here Here For Life

39 Tailgating Causes Crashes Back Off - Be Here Here For Life

40 Tailgating Causes Crashes Follow At A Safe Distance

41 Tailgating Causes Crashes Don't Follow Too Closely

42 Take Care Children Crossing

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'Season Specific' Road Safety Messages

As at 4 September 2012, subject to change, email [email protected] for current listCommunity Benefit Messages


Screen 1 Screen 2


1 Anzac Day 25 April Lest We Forget

2 Blood Stocks Low To Donate Blood Call 13 14 95

3 City Via Airportlink M7 Free For All Account/Tag UsersTo 17October2012

4 Cyclone Season Be Prepared

5 Dam Levels Low Save Water

6 Drought Conditions In Qld Conserve Water

7 Dry Conditions High Fire Risk DON'T THROW OUT CIGARETTE BUTTS

8 Fire Ants Look Check Call Info 13 25 23

9 If Its Flooded Forget It Drive Safe

10 Koala Breeding Season Slow Down For Koalas At Night

11 Level 6 Water Restrictions Apply Now Let's Watch Every Drop

12 Littering Is Illegal Place Rubbish In Bins

13 O Negative Blood Stocks Low To Donate Blood Call 13 14 95

14 Stinger Season Oct-Apr Swim Safely

15 Water Restrictions Apply Please Conserve Water

16 Water Restrictions Apply Watch Every Drop

Screen 1 Screen 2


1 Extra Police On The Road These Holidays

2 Make It A Happy Easter Drive Safely

3 New Year Party Take A Taxi

4 New Year's Eve Use Public Transport

5 Partying? Take A Taxi

6 Please Drive Safely These holidays

7 Stop Revive Survive Be Here Here For Life

8 Will You Survive The Holidays? Drive Safely

Screen 1 Screen 2


43 Texting And Driving = $330 + 3 Points

44 Think Before You Drink Think Twice Before You Drive

45 Towing? Take Care Next XXX Km

46 Transport Inspectors Anywhere Anytime

47** Variable Speed Limits Are Enforced

48 Vehicle Safety It's Your Responsibility

* Messages for use in Speed Zones greater than 80km/h only.** Message for use in variable speed limit zones only.

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Community Benefit Messages


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Screen 1 Screen 2


1 Traffic Info Phone 13 19 40

2 Traffic Info 131940.qld.gov.au

3 For Live Traffic Updates Twitter 13 19 40

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Appendix J: TRU VMS Messages

PLEASE NOTE: These can be chosen as per region requirements.

00 TRAFFIC RESPONSE UNIT

01 TRAFFIC HAZARD AHEAD

02 CRASH AHEAD

03 CAUTION - VEHICLE BEING PUSHED

04 LEFT LANE CLOSED MERGE RIGHT

05 RIGHT LANE CLOSED MERGE LEFT

06 CENTRE LANE CLOSED - START MERGING

07 EXIT CLOSED

08 ROAD CLOSED

09 CAUTION

10 HAZARD

11 DANGER

12 CAUTION - ROAD SLIPPERY

13 SLOW DOWN

14 ARROWS RIGHT (→)

15 ARROWS LEFT (←)

16 ARROWS BOTH WAYS (←→)

17 DETOUR

18 THANK YOU

19 HAZARD AHEAD - LEFT LANE

20 HAZARD AHEAD - RIGHT LANE

21 HAZARD AHEAD - CENTRE LANE

22 TAILGATING? BACK OFF FOR SAFETY

23 NO RIGHT TURN

24 NO LEFT TURN

25 ALTERNATIVE ROUTE

26 ROAD FLOODED


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Appendix K: VMS Messages - Category 1E - Emergency Alert

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Appendix L: VMS Messages - Category 1 and 3 - Traffic Management

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Appendix M: VMS Messages - Category 2 - QPS Amber Alert

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Appendix N: VMS Messages - Category 4 - Special Events / Roadworks

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Appendix O: VMS Messages - Category 5 - Filler Messages

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Appendix P: VMS Filler Message Request Form

Available through Corporate Forms, F4974.

For external stakeholders, please email [email protected] to request a form.

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Documents

209Amend18.pdf