- 1 -

- 2 -Limitations of Existing Solutions

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

& OFFICE

Scale Conventional

Design

Small Size

Low Rise

Splits,

Multi Splits,

Packaged Units

Large Size

Mid/High RiseCHILLERS

Small Size

Low Rise

Splits,

Multi Splits,

Packaged Units

Large Size

Mid/High Rise

CHILLERS,

District Cooling

LIM

ITA

TIO

NS

!!!

Project Type

HVAC Typical Design Approach

- 3 -

Typical use of HVAC systems

UnitDX Packaged VRV Air cooled Chiller Water cooled Chiller

Capital Cost (AED / TR) (AED / TR) 4000 5500 8500 9000 11500

Energy efficientcy (kW / TR) 2.1 1.8 0.9 1.5 0.7

Life span (Years) 12.0 12-15 20Plus 20Plus 25 Plus

Suitable Installtion range (Tons) 0 - 50 5 -100 30 - 800 200 - 1000 1000 - no limit

Pros

* Low First Cost

* Low Comfort requirements

*No emphasis or Enrgy use

* Low First Cost

* High Comfort requirements

*High Volume areas

* medium First Cost

* high Comfort requirements

* Excellent Energy savings

* medium First Cost

* high Comfort requirements

*service techs available

* Low runnign costs per TR

*huge loads satisfied

*specialised service

Cons

* small l ife cycle

* more maintenance / repairs

*can not be used for big

applications

* Large space for Ducts

* Roof openings

*No individual area controls

* High Capital cost

* technician training

* Freah air solution is l imited

* High First Cost

* NO small load use

* long project time

* High First Cost

* cooling towers & make up water

*not suitable for low loads

Use

Villas, single office block, stand

alon areas

Private areas -

Masterbedrooms, Big halls,

Multipurpose halls,

Warehouses,

Small Offices, Schools, Medium

rise, High rise,

Schools, Offices, Medium ot

High rise

District cooling, Big Shopping

malls, Hotels, High rise buildings,

Industrial use.

QR / TR

- 4 -

residentialD

ire

ct E

xpan

sio

n

(DX

) Sy

ste

ms

➢ Higher Power Consumption

➢ Shorter productive life (10 years)

➢ No provision for standby

➢ No or limited Centralized Controls option

➢ Non Modulating Capacity Control (mostly on/off cycle only)

➢ Pipe Lengths limitations (up to 50m only)

➢ No Diversification of Loads possible (100% ratio)

➢ Low Comfort Levels (+/- 3 Deg C)

➢ Multiple Units - High Space Requirements– Higher Heat Generation

➢ High Sound Levels

➢ Limited Distance between indoor and outdoor

Design Limitations of Traditional DX Systems

- 5 -Limitations of Existing Solutions

➢ Larger System Sizes➢ Low Part Load Efficiencies (minimum 25% compressor

unloading)➢ Standby capacity creation is expensive➢ No redundancy during break down➢ Shared Electricity – No direct billing.➢ Higher infrastructure costs – Transformer (85% loading only)/

foundations/ cables/ electrical panels/pump room➢ Third party supplied central controls➢ Specialized Maintenance Team – Higher cost➢ Multiple Suppliers / Points of Contact➢ Longer Installation Time➢ Phase Commissioning Not Possible➢ Non Scalable – Adding Capacity is Difficult➢ Limited Range of Indoor Units

Ch

ille

d W

ate

r Sy

ste

ms

Design Limitations of Traditional Applied Systems

- 6 -

EFFICIENCY

- 7 -

GCC Energy Efficiency Requirments

11.5 8.28

Saudi

T1 T3 T1

UAE Qatar Bahrein Kuwait Oman

11.6

8.19.5

6.84

9.5

6.84

10.4*

T1 T1 T1 T1 T1T3 T3 T3 48°C T3

6.8wall

ductestidama

EER [Btu/W]

9.5

6.848.5711.8 11.5

8.0

8.38.28

52°c

2 HoursT1 = 35° C

T3 = 46 °C

≠ Minimum EER

≠ Testing points

≠ Energy Labels

11.5

- 8 -

HVAC SHARE IN ENERGY USE – Qatar

8

HVAC SHARE IN ENERGY USE – Qatar

Distribution electricity consumption – 2013 Distribution electricity consumption for a typical villa

RESIDENTIAL

48%COMMERCIAL

36%

INDUSTRY

15%

COOLING

HEATINGLIGHT

EQUIPMENTFAN

HOW TO REDUCE THE ENERGY USE?✓ Act on building performance (e.g.: insulation…)✓ Act on air conditioning efficiency

(Source: July 2017 / KS-2017-DP16)

- 9 -

ENERGY CONSUMPTION SIMULATION

9

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

EER

ESEER

SEER

OPERATION LOAD: DEPENDS ON OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

EFFICIENCY CALCULATION METHOD

EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCY:

DEPENDS ON TECHNOLOGY

- 10 -

EFFICIENCY REPRESENTATION

10

WHAT IS EFFICIENCY – WHY IS IMPORTANT?

▪ Energy Efficiency gives you an indication on how your system is performing.▪ The more efficient, the less energy use.▪ It is crucial to have a correct representation of efficiency to enable

selection of system that will save energy.▪ Several ways to represent efficiency:

- 11 -11

EER ESEER SEERCONDITIONS

❶ ❹ FULL CURVENUMBER POINTS:

TEMPERATURE:

LOAD:

100% 100%

75%

50%

25%

EER indicates the

efficiency of AC 1

defined point (eg 46

or 35CDB)

ESEER indicates the

efficiency of AC

based on 4 points.

SEER indicates the

efficiency of AC over

the full temperature

distribution curve

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

OCCURRENCE~ 1%

design point: 46CDBSource: airport weather data

100%

75%

50%

25%

HOT CLIMATE … BUT NOT ALL YEAR LONG!

OCCURENCE (COOLING) ~ 75%

ZONE TO ACT ON TO REDUCE

ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

MOST FREQUENT TEMPERATURES

Normal

EER

High

EER

Part Load Efficiency

- 13 -

EFFICIENT COOLING – ALL THE YEAR ROUND!

EXCELLENT SEASONAL EFFICIENCY, IN LINE WITH REAL LIFE OPERATING CONDITIONS

OCCURRENCE ~ 75%

ZONE TO ACT40.4

31.8

20.5

14,212.5

10,0

EER – VRV IV -10 HP

Seasonal EER – Inverter + VRT

- 14 -

Available

cooling

capacity

Cooling

requirement100%

25%

46°30° 38°25°Ambient

Temperature

VRF operationVRV IV operation

Lo

ad

Variable Tr

Refrig

era

nt T

Effic

ien

cy

Lower capacity needed during mid

season

Fixed Tr

Ambient

Temperature

Fixed Tr

Ambient

Temperature

Variable Tr

Automatic adjustment of refrigerant

temperature depending on load and

weather

Adapting to required heat load by

Variable Refrigerant Volume

+28% ESEER

Design

point

46°30° 38°25°

46°30° 38°25°

How to increase Part Laod Efficeincy

15

0°C

28°C

46°C

Temp outside °C

6°C

Refrigerant Temp°C Refrigerant Temp°C

6°C

13°C

Automatic change depending on Temperature Outside

VRF

Fixed Refr Temp

Result?• Higher efficiency

- 28% SAVINGS OVER A FULL YEAR

• Higher comfort

21°C

VRT Concept

Cooling Capacity

Cooling Capacity

Power

Input

Power Input

Efficiency =Cooling Capacity

Power Input

- 17 -

TECHNOLOGY

- 18 -

VRV® (VRF) TECHNOLOGY

• Variable: The system responds depending on the required capacity.

• Refrigerant: Direct expansion system.

• Volume: The refrigerant volume is

regulated by an electronic expansion valve in each

indoor unit...

WHAT IS VRV®? –

DEFINITION &

How it works?

- 19 -

INV INV

PCB

P

T

CPU

T T T

What is VRV? → VRV® concept indoor unit

VRV IV is Weather Compensating Air Conditioning

System

• Central DX system

• Possible to take diversity

• Excellent Part load Efficiency or IPLV

• Long pipe run up to 190 meters

• Wide variety of indoor units

• Tennant Billing

• Multi phase - Scalable

Smart HVAC – VRV/F solution

3 – 100 T.R.

Cooling Capacity

Liquid

Gas

- 20 -

VRV – No Central Ducting

- 21 -

Smart Zoning and Diversification

22°C

24°C

OFF

20°C

- 22 -

VRV® Concept - INDOOR UNIT

What is VRV? → VRV® concept indoor unit

T1 = Inlet refrigerant temperature sensor (liquid)

T2 = Outlet refrigerant temperature sensor (gas)

T3 = Suction air temperature sensor

T4 = Set temperature from Remote controller air temperature

Suction

Dis

ch

arg

e

Plower speed

Liquid

Gas

Electronic expansion valve

(0~2000 pulses)

Eva

po

rato

r

T4

T1

T3

Blower

T2

CPU

Modulating cooling

capacity gives optimum

comfort

- 23 -

Comfort - Temparture & Humidity Control

✓ VRV offer the best comfort via precise temperature and humidity control

- 24 -

Air cooled

Radiator fins

Refrigerant cooled

Reliability - Refrigerant-cooled PCB

- 25 -

Corrosion and Capacity

Higher GradePE Fin

ConventionalBlue Fin

Acid salt spray test for heat exchanger

300 hours 500 hours 1,000 hours 300 hours 500 hours 1,000 hours

No corrosion!After 1,000 hours of acid salt spray, definite

corrosion found on the surface

- 26 -

VRV Outdoor Single - Mutli

➢ 8HP + 16HP

➢ 10HP + 14HP

➢ 12HP + 12HP

➢ 8HP + 8HP + 8HP

➢ 20HP

➢ 8HP + 12HP

➢ 10HP + 10HP

Single Combination (Multi)

(HP) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 …… 96

VRV

Depending on Design priorities: ❖ Efficiency❖ Footprint

- 27 -

High ambient model – Low Capacity Drop

Capacity derating at 46C compared to 35C

14

Tamb (°CWB)

indoor unit

Tamb (°CDB)

outdoor unit

-5

25 28

pu

ll d

ow

n a

rea

Cooling

55

pu

ll d

ow

n a

rea

- 28 -

➢ Max. height difference o.u. – i.u.:

➢ Max. branch length:

➢ Max. actual piping length:

➢ Max. equiv. piping length:

➢ Max. total piping length

➢ Max. I.U – I.U height:

90m

90m

165m

190m

1000m

Note: There are limitations depending on connectable type of indoors, piping diameters etc. Always consult technical literature.

Piping rules

30m

- 29 -

DESIGN TOOLS

- 30 -

Software Tools

30

VRV CADWebxpress

VRV PRO Solutions seasonal simulator

- 31 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

Roof Design

1000mm

1000mm

Space Planning:

1m2 =10TR foot print

1m2 = for service

Total = 2 m2 per 10 TR

- 32 -

Proper Sizing

- 33 -

Proper Sizing

- 34 -

• Shading the outdoor unit from sun will improve unit performance in the summer. If necessary use overhang

• In areas close to water, avoid exposure to sea breeze. Use heavy anti-corrosion

• Avoid areas where sand can be blown in the unit use deflectors.

Outdoor Unit Location

- 35 -

INSTALATION

- 36 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 37 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 38 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 39 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 40 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 41 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 42 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 43 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 44 -

Energy Efficiency - Design

- 45 -

CONTROLS

- 46 -

Market requirements

46

Basic control possibilities

to advanced BMS systems,

My budget is limited so I

am looking for basic

control of my A/C

I want to integrate

the A/C into the

existing BMS system

I am looking for an

advanced centralized

control system

I am looking for

advanced energy

management

- 47 -

Controls choice

Individual

ControlsThermostats

- Wired

- Wireless

Centralized

Controls- iTouch Manager

- iTouch Control

- Central Controller

BMS /

Network

Management

Controls- Bacnet Interface

- Modbus

- KNX

- LonWorks

Cloud Control

- 48 -

Controls choice

Advanced package

Title - Internal use only48

Web browser interface

Cloud

Local functions in addition to performance & energy consumption visualization

Control of different sites from a single location

Automatic function for energy saving

Energy saving

Multi-site Control

Remote monitoring & control

Includes all the packages

- 49 -

Centrelized Controls

iTouch Manager (iTM)

iTouch Control

Residential controller

Tablet Contoler

- 50 -

Controls – Localized Solution

Concept of Mini BMS

- 51 -

Intuitive user interface…

…with a virtual layout view…

All Functionsaccessible via touch…

Mini BMS

- 52 -

52

Set Schedules and monitor ifenergy use is according to plan…

…and detect the originof energy waste

Visual overview indicates indoor units where energysaving is possible.

Smart energy management

Mini BMS

- 53 -

53

Flexible

64 Groups

2560Groups

Modular concept foruse in medium…

…to largeapplications.

Mini BMS

- 54 -

Power consumption of the outdoor units

Tenant A

Tenant B

Tenant C

Tenant D

kWh meter

DivisionCalculation

Done by ITM

Multi Tenant

Proportional Power Distribution

- 55 -

Control parameter:Basic Monitoring & control

o On/Offo Mode o Setpointo Fanspeed & airflow directiono Room temperatureo Error codeo Filter sign

Advanced functionso R/C buttons prohibitiono Schedule (weekly)o Emergency stopo Simple interlock

3rd pty product integrationo Digital inputs

Stand Alone

Emergency stop Window contact

Examples:

INTELLIGENT TABLET CONTROLLER

Controls- Tablets – Localized Solution

- 56 -

Daikin Cloud

Stand Alone

Remote cloud connection

Cloud connection

INTELLIGENT TABLET CONTROLLER

Daikin CloudService

Cloud connectivity STEP1

• Dedicated Light Commercial segment solution• Price competitive centralized controller• User-friendly and intuitive user interface

Concept

Clouds Solution

- 57 -

Web Based Data Management

• Notification is sent to customer

• Technician dispatch arranged at minimum possible time

Airnet Control Center Local Service Office

All equipment listed

Monitored every minute – reported everyday in normal operation. In failure, immediately reported includes last 30

minutes data.

Summarized & Reported

(stored server, can be referred via web)

130 data

points

Error detected

Installation SiteNetwork Center

Continuous Monitoring

ContinuousData Transfer

ACC

- 58 -

• All sensors, valves, actuators, and control

points are monitored 24/7 in the outdoor

and indoor units (aprx. 130 points)

• Over 80 different predictions for VRV can

be generated. Examples:

• Gas leak

• Thermistor failure

• Abnormal operation of expansion valve

• High compressor consumption

• Clogged filters

• Irregular high / low pressures

Predictive Maintenance

Leak in refrigerant circuit Avoiding compressor breakdown

Additional data and trends are also saved:• Running hours • Power input • Maximum and mínimum consumption

- 59 -

Network Controls - Adapters

- 60 -

➢ VRV indoors

➢ Ventilation

➢ Controls

VRV - Connections

Thank you