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Transit Oriented Developmentand

Smart Citydiscussion

Fumihiko Nakamura

Professor of Urban Transportation Planning

Graduate School of Urban Innovation

Executive Director,

Vice President

Yokohama National University

About the presenter• Fumihiko Nakamura, Dr. Eng.

• Born in Niigata in 1962.

• Graduate from University of Tokyo in 1985

• 1989-1992: Research Associate at Univ. Of Tokyo

• 1992-1994: Assistant Prof.at AIT (Bangkok)( Human Settlement Development (HSD) Department )

• 1995-2004 : Associate Prof.at Yokohama National University (YNU)

• 2004- : Professor

• 2011- : Visiting Professor at Parana Catholic University (PUC) at Curitiba, Brazil.

• 2011-2013 : Vice Dean, Graduate School of Urban Innovation ,YNU

• 2013-2015: Dean, Graduate School of Urban Innovation ,YNU

• 2015- : Executive Director, Vice President, YNU

• Majoring in Urban Transportation Planning and policies, urban planning, public transportation planning.

• http://www.cvg.ynu.ac.jp/G4/index_e.htm

• E-mail: nakamura-fumihiko-xb@ynu.ac.jp

Campus of YNU outline

1. Basic concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

2. Learning from cases

3. Smart City discussion today

4. Discussion : to be considered especially for KKC

1. Basic Concept of TOD

Supported by Dr. Peamsook Sanit, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

*

Pedestrian Pocket“a simple cluster of housing, retail space and offices within a quarter-mile walking radius of a transit

system”

Sustainable Community

“New Transit Town,” “Development-Oriented Transit,” “Transit-Related

Development,” “Transit Villages,” “Transit-Supportive Development,” and

“Transit-Friendly Design

**TODs can exist without transit, but transit

systems have little chance of surviving in the

low-density environment of sprawling suburbs

without TODs.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

Carlton, 2007

Transit development

Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City and New Urbanism Movement

http://www.cvg.ynu.ac.jp/G4/index_e.htm

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“a mixed-use community within an average 2,000-foot walking distance of a transit stops and core commercial area.

TODs mix residential, retail, office, open space, and public uses

in walkable environment, making it convenient for residents and employees to travel by transit, bicycle, foot, or car”.

Calthrope (1993)

‘The Next American Metropolis; Ecology, Community, and the American Dream’

*Principles of TOD : 3Ds(Cervero, 1997)

Density : High density around station

Diversity : Mixed land use and extensive choices of housing)

Design : Pedestrian friendly oriented design

Requirements for TOD• High-rise flats near the public transportation stations?

• Not enough!!

• Shopping complex and Public services near by the stations as well?

• Not enough !!

• What are more important ?

– Walkable environment– Reliable service of Public Transportation connecting to the city center

to achieve lower share of private cars.– Process of spatial change and modal shift

2. Learning from cases

Portland, Oregon, USA

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Network of LRT “MAX”

Orenco

City CenterPioneer Square

Orenco10km from the center

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Orenco10km from the center

Orenco10km from the center

Near Gateway Sta.10km from the center

Curitiba, Brazil

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X

residences

offices

stores

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The beginningA new master

plan wasproposed

CURITIBA1965

The city starts togrowth too fast

and witout controlIn the 1970s, Curitiba implemented the first

exclusive lane to public transport.

The beginning of the implementation of structural axes

CURITIBA1970

Job Line

CIC

Barigui Park

Environment

STREET NETWORK PUBLIC TRANSPORT

LAND USE

LAND USE STREET NETWORK

Fast Traffic

Slow Traffic

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PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Express

Direct Line

Interdistrict

Trunk Line

Feeder

Downtown Shuttle

Tourism Line

The city´s main street was closed to car traffic

People came to walk and

shop at the precint,

increasing the revenues of all shops.

CURITIBA1970

URBS – Urbanização de Curitiba S.A.

Axis Demand

URBS – Urbanização de Curitiba S.A.

Share of Person TripsShare of Vehicles

No. of Bus = 1% Carries 45 % of Person Trips

RIT – Integrated Transport Network

MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE

OTHERSOTHERS

BIKEBIKE

BUSESBUSES

CARSCARS

22%22%PEDESTRIANSPEDESTRIANS

MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE

OTHERSOTHERS

BIKEBIKE

BUSESBUSES

CARSCARS

22%22%PEDESTRIANSPEDESTRIANS

Curitiba Population 1.893.997 (Estimated IBGE/17)

Curitiba Fleet 1.405.123 (DETRAN/PR dec/16)

Trucks

3%

Others (tractors,

traillers, etc.)

4%

Motorcycle

11%

Cars

81%

Bus

1%

Den-En-Toshi, Tokyo, Japan

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2.3. Expansion of Tokyo Metropolitan Region

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Transportation Demand Data Example1) modal split in Tokyo ARL, Bangkok, Thailand

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3. Smart City Discussion today

What is “Smart City”?

77

“Smart America Challenge” started in 2013. In this website, various projects with sponsoring organizations are introduced.

Energy-Saving oriented Challenges even in the existing cities

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80

“Smart City” in Japan

Optimization of transportation system (relieve traffic congestion using on-demand system)

Image of Smart CommunityEnergy management in the building comprehensively by using BEMS

Energy management in many houses, buildings, and community comprehensively by using CEMS

Offshore wind power

Mega solar panelITS(Intelligent transportation system)

Charging station (for EV)

Local heating and

cooling facilitiesElectronic bus

Small hydro power

Smart building

Control center

tram

EV

Smart house Rapid charging station (for EV)

Optimization of energy in home by using HEMS

Using next-generation cars and buses as electronic infrastructure

in short supply: EV→home in excess supply: home→EV

A next-generation

car battery

Solar panel

Fuel cell

Mega solar panel power plant (Kagoshima, Japan)Information on the CO2 emission shared by residents

(Kashiwa-no-ha, Japan)

Home Energy Management System (HEMS) , Yokohama

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Discussion on Smart City

• By new buildings with energy saving mechanism?

• By introduction of environmental-friendly transportation modes such as LRT?

• By streets with a lot of greeneries

• What are needed ?• All the sectors should be smart.• They should be connected.• All the information could be shared.• Energy saving should be achieved.• Less Dependency on Private cars should be achieved.

4. Discussion

Issues to be considered

especially for KKC

TOD would be involved into Smart City Concept

• General

– More care is needed on existing urbanized area for energy saving and less cars.

– Spatial pattern of Smart City should be equivalent with that of TOD with reliable public transportation modes.

– ICT technology should be utilized as much as possible to enhance the perception of citizen as well as to make all the systems more efficient, safe and reliable.

– Sustainable (3E + management, governance)

– Connected, Shared, Efficient, Involved and Included, Respected and Walkable!!

TOD would be involved into Smart City Concept

• For KKC

– LRT and SongThaew should work together.

– Modal shift from cars and motorcycles should be done strategically.

• Push and Pull package is inevitable.

– Sustainable financial mechanism is needed for all the public transportation modes.

• Car and motorcycle users should pay more and this income could transferred to better public transportation

– All the main functions should be located along LRT• Condominiums, Affordable housings, Schools, Public

Facilities, Offices, Meeting rooms, Shopping complexes and so on.

– KKU should be the leading show-case, where no one need motorcycles and cars (even for faculty).

Thank you so much

nakamura-fumihiko-xb@ynu.ac.jp