2017.18 Chemistry, Ongoing Expectations · 2017.18 Chemistry, Ongoing Expectations Big Ideas/Key Concepts: • Understandings about scientific inquiry and the ability to conduct inquiry

2017.18 Chemistry, Ongoing Expectations

Big Ideas/Key Concepts:

• Understandings about scientific inquiry and the ability to conduct inquiry are essential for living in the 21st century.

• Society benefits when engineers apply scientific discoveries to design materials and processes that develop into enabling technologies.

• Science applies mathematics to investigate questions, solve problems, and communicate findings.

Ongoing Expectations Note: Do not teach a separate unit at year’s beginning. Embed inquiry, tech/engineering, and math throughout all 4 quarters within content where appropriate.

Honors Addendum

Note for Teachers of Honors: Do not teach the Honors Addendum at the end of the quarter. Embed the Honors Addendum within the regular Scope & Sequence (see end of quarter).

Embedded Inquiry SPI 3221.Inq.1 Select a description or scenario that reevaluates and/or extends a scientific finding.

SPI 3221.Inq.2 Analyze the components of a properly designed scientific investigation.

SPI 3221.Inq.3 Determine appropriate tools to gather precise and accurate data.

SPI 3221.Inq.4 Evaluate the accuracy and precision of data.

SPI 3221.Inq.5 Defend a conclusion based on scientific evidence.

SPI 3221.Inq.6 Determine why a conclusion is free of bias.

SPI 3221.Inq.7 Compare conclusions that offer different, but acceptable explanations for the same set of experimental data. Embedded Technology & Engineering SPI 3221.T/E.1 Distinguish among tools and procedures best suited to conduct a specified scientific inquiry.

SPI 3221.T/E.2 Evaluate a protocol to determine the degree to which an engineering design process was successfully applied.

SPI 3221.T/E.3 Evaluate the overall benefit to cost ratio of a new technology.

SPI 3221.T/E.4 Use design principles to determine if a new technology will improve the quality of life for an intended audience.

Embedded Mathematics SPI 3221.Math.1 Use real numbers to represent real-world applications (e.g., slope, rate of change, probability, and proportionality)

SPI 3221.Math.2 Perform operations on algebraic expressions and informally justify the selected procedures.

SPI 3221.Math.3 Interpret graphs that depict real-world phenomena.

SPI 3221.Math.4 Apply measurement unit relationships including Avogadro’s number, molarity, molality, volume, and mass to balance chemical equations.

SPI 3221.Math.5 Use concepts of mass, length, area, and volume to estimate and solve real-world problems.

2017.18 Chemistry, Quarter 1


• The properties of matter determine how it interacts with energy.

Standards Student Friendly “I Can” Statements Matter and Energy Properties of Matter:

SPI 3221.2.1 Distinguish among elements, compounds, solutions, colloids, and suspensions.

Matter and Energy Properties of Matter: I can distinguish among elements, compounds and the following mixtures: solutions, colloids and suspensions.

I can identify a mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous, i.e.: solutions are examples of homogeneous mixtures; suspensions are examples of heterogeneous mixtures; colloids can be considered either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

SPI 3221.T/E.1 Distinguish among tools and procedures best suited I can correctly use and read tools while measuring properties of

to conduct a specified scientific inquiry.

matter, such as: a thermometer, balance, metric ruler, graduated cylinder, pipette and burette.


I can evaluate the accuracy and precision of data.

SPI 3221.2.4 Identify properties of matter (e.g., physical: density, boiling point, melting point, or chemical: ability to rust or tarnish, be sour) or changes in matter (e.g., physical: phase change, shape, color, or chemical: formation of a gas or precipitate).

I can define, identify and analyze physical and chemical properties to determine the identity of a substance.

Interactions of Matter Naming and Formulas: SPI 3221.3.1 Analyze ionic and covalent compounds in terms of their formation (electron transfer versus sharing), names, chemical

formulas (e.g., molecular: H2O, CO2, NH3; empirical: NaCl, CaBr2,

Al(NO3)3), percent composition, and molar masses.

I can analyze the characteristics of ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds. I can compare and contrast the attractive forces within compounds and molecules, and their effect on chemical and physical properties.

I can model representations of bonds, ionic and molecular (covalent), to show that atoms combine by transferring or sharing electrons.

I can name a binary ionic compound given its formula.

I can employ a table of polyvalent cations and polyatomic ions to name and write the chemical formula of ionic compounds, such as:

+ … NH4 Ammonium

- … NO3 Nitrate

- … NO2 Nitrite

- …HCO3 Hydrogen Carbonate

- …ClO4 Perchlorate

- …ClO3 Chlorate

- …ClO2 Chlorite …ClO- Hypochlorite

I can name a molecular (covalent) compound given its formula and write the formula given its name.

SPI 3221.3.7 Classify substances as acids or bases based on their formulas and how they react with litmus and phenolphthalein.

I can identify acids and bases based on formulas. I can name a binary acid given its formula and write the formula given its name.

Honors Addenda Note for Teachers of Honors: Do not teach the Honors Addendum at the end of the quarter. Embed the Honors Addendum within the regular Scope & Sequence.

Matter and Energy Properties of Matter: SPI 3221.2.4 Identify properties of matter (e.g., physical: density, boiling point, melting point, or chemical: ability to rust or tarnish, be sour) or changes in matter (e.g., physical: phase change, shape, color, or chemical: formation of a gas or precipitate).

Naming & Formulas:

SPI 3221.3.1 Analyze ionic and covalent compounds in terms of their formation (electron transfer versus sharing), names, chemical formulas (e.g., molecular: H2O, CO2, NH3; empirical: NaCl, CaBr2, Al(NO3)3), percent composition, and molar masses.

Matter and Energy Properties of Matter: I can classify elements as metal, non-metal, or metalloid.

I can research and present the characteristics of various types of

matter. I can analyze the properties of a substance to determine its

identity.

Naming & Formulas: I can compare and contrast the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

I can compare and contrast the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds.

I can predict the charge of any representative element’s ion.

I can determine the name of an ionic compound without the use of a chart of polyatomic or polyvalent ions.



• Interactions between matter generate substances with new physical and chemical properties.

Standards Student Friendly “I Can” Statements Interactions of Matter Chemical Quantities: SPI 3221.3.1 Analyze ionic and covalent compounds in terms of their formation (electron transfer versus sharing), names, chemical



Interactions of Matter Chemical Quantities: I can calculate the percent composition of elements in a compound.

I can calculate the empirical formula of a compound.

I can determine the molecular formula of a compound. SPI 3221.3.5 Convert among the following quantities of a substance: mass, number of moles, number of particles, molar volume at STP.

I can convert between the following quantities of a substance: mass, number of moles, and number of particles.

I can select appropriate units, and scales for problem situations involving proportional reasoning and dimensional analysis.

Chemical Reactions: SPI 3221.3.2 Determine the reactants, products, and types of different chemical reactions: composition, decomposition, double replacement, single replacement, combustion.

Chemical Reactions: I can identify the reactants and products of a chemical reaction.

SPI 3221.3.3 Predict the products of a chemical reaction (e.g., composition and decomposition of binary compounds).

I can use: …the reactants of a chemical reaction, …the periodic table patterns, …an activity series (for single replacement), or …a set of solubility rules (for double replacement)

to predict the products of synthesis, decomposition, single displacement/replacement, double displacement/replacement, combustion, acid/base and oxidation-reduction reactions.

I can determine oxidation states and identify substances gaining and losing electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Stoichiometry: SPI 3221.3.6 Identify and solve stoichiometry problems which interconvert volume of gases at STP, moles, and mass.

Stoichiometry: I can explain and/or demonstrate how the Law of Conservation of Mass relates to stoichiometry.

I can identify and solve different types of stoichiometry problems (mass to moles, mass to mass, mass to particles, etc.) for a given chemical reaction.

SPI 3221.3.4 Balance a chemical equation to determine molar ratios.

I can use a chemical equation to determine the molar ratios.

SPI 3221.Math.4 Apply measurement unit relationships including Avogadro’s number, molarity, molality, volume and mass to balance chemical equations.

I can apply measurement unit relationships including Avogadro’s Number, molarity, molality, volume and mass to balance chemical equations.

I can translate data into correct units and dimension using conversion factors and scientific notation.

I can identify the limiting and excess reactants, calculate the amount of expected product in an experiment, and calculate percent yield.


Interactions of Matter Chemical Quantities: SPI 3221.3.1 Analyze ionic and covalent compounds in terms of their formation (electron transfer versus sharing), names, chemical formulas (e.g., molecular: H2O, CO2, NH3; empirical: NaCl, CaBr2, Al(NO3)3), percent composition, and molar masses.

SPI 3221.3.5 Convert among the following quantities of a substance: mass, number of moles, number of particles, molar volume at STP.

Interactions of Matter Chemical Quantities:

I can determine the formula of a hydrate.

I can determine the number of atoms of a specific element in a compound given the mass of the compound.

I can solve combustion analysis problems.

I can solve mole conversions involving density.

Chemical Reactions: SPI 3221.3.3 Predict the products of a chemical reaction (e.g., composition and decomposition of binary compounds).

Stoichiometry: SPI 3221.3.6 Identify and solve stoichiometry problems which interconvert volume of gases at STP, moles, and mass.

Chemical Reactions: I can predict the products of a double replacement reaction without the use of a chart of solubility rules.

I can predict the products of simple synthesis reactions.

I can predict the products of simple decomposition

reactions. I can write and balance net ionic equations.

Stoichiometry: I can solve stoichiometry problems involving volume and molarity.

I can determine the limiting reactant and calculate the amount of product that can be produced.

I can compute the amount of mass of excess reactant that remains at the completion of the reaction.

I can compute the solution to stoichiometry problems that use density.

I can compute the solution to stoichiometry problems that incorporate metric conversions.


Standards Student Friendly “I Can” Statements Atomic Structure SPI 3221.1.1 Compare and contrast the major models of the atom (i.e., Bohr, and the quantum mechanical model).

Atomic Structure I can model the atom, including its subatomic particles, charge and relative mass.

I can compare and contrast the experiments, discoveries, and theories of Dalton, J.J. Thomson, and Rutherford.

I can draw and explain the Bohr Model of the first 18 elements.

I can interpret a Bohr model of an electron moving between its ground and excited states in terms of the absorption or emission energy.

I can compare and contrast the Bohr and Quantum mechanical electron- cloud models of the atom.

I can evaluate and communicate scientific information about how and why models of the atomic structure have changed over time.

Interactions of Matter SPI 3221.3.8 Describe radioactivity through a balanced nuclear equation and through an analysis of the half-life concept.

Interactions of Matter I can write the nuclear equation involving alpha or beta particles based on the mass number of the parent isotope and complete symbols for alpha or beta emissions.

I can compare alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

I can model radioactive decay, and use the model to explain the concept of half-life and its use in determining the age of materials.

I can determine the half-life of an isotope by examining a graph or with an appropriate equation.

I can determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a particular isotope of an element.

Engineering Design SPI 3221.T/E.2 Evaluate a protocol to determine the degree to which an engineering design process was successfully applied.

Engineering Design

I can evaluate a protocol to determine the degree to which an engineering design process was successfully applied.

SPI 3221.T/E.3 Evaluate the overall benefit to cost ratio of a new technology.

I can evaluate the overall benefit to cost ratio of a new technology.

SPI 3221.T/E.4 Use design principles to determine if a new technology will improve the quality of life for an intended audience.

I can use design principles to determine if a new technology will improve the quality of life for an intended audience.

Atomic Structure SPI 3221.1.5 Represent an electron’s location in the quantum mechanical model of an atom in terms of the shape of electron clouds (s and p orbitals in particular), relative energies of orbitals, and the number of electrons possible in the s, p, d and f orbitals.

Atomic Structure I can describe each atomic orbital (s,p,d,f) in terms of shape, relative energy and number of possible electrons.

I can draw and interpret orbital notation using electron

configuration. I can write the electron configuration of an

element.

Periodicity: SPI 3221.1.2 Interpret the periodic table to describe an element’s atomic makeup.

Periodicity: I can use the periodic table to determine and predict the relative properties of elements (physical and chemical properties, number of subatomic particles, isotopes, ions, ionization energy, atomic radius, ionic radius, electron affinity, electronegativity, and reactivity) based on periodicity and patterns of valence electrons.

SPI 3221.1.3 Describe the trends found in the periodic table with respect to atomic size, ionization energy, or electronegativity.

I can sequence atoms from main group elements based on their atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity.

SPI 3221.Inq.1 Select a description or scenario that reevaluates and/or extends a scientific finding.

I can draw a diagram to explain the formation of anions and cations.

I can use the periodic table to identify an element as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.

SPI 3221.1.4 Determine the Lewis electron dot structure or number of valence electrons for an atom of any main-group element from its atomic number or position in the periodic table.

I can draw the electron dot diagram (Lewis dot structure) of an atom.

Interactions of Matter Chemical Bonding: SPI 3221.3.1 Analyze ionic and covalent compounds in terms of their formation (electron transfer versus sharing), names, chemical



Interactions of Matter Chemical Bonding: I can define and differentiate between ionic, metallic and covalent bonding.

I can investigate the characteristics of ionic, metallic, and covalent solids by relating bonding properties to structure.

I can use electronegativity differences to determine whether the bond between two atoms is covalent or ionic.

I can sketch valid Lewis structures for simple molecules.

I can apply VSEPR theory to predict the shape of simple

molecules I can determine the polarity of a simple molecule.

I can predict which solute will dissolve in a particular solvent based on polarity


Atomic Structure SPI 3221.1.1 Compare and contrast the major models of the atom (i.e., Bohr, and the quantum mechanical model).

SPI 3221.1.3 Describe the trends found in the periodic table with respect to atomic size, ionization energy, or electronegativity.

Atomic Structure I can summarize and compare the contributions to atomic models by Milliken, Moseley, Roentgen, Becquerel and Marie and Pierre Curie.

I can sketch and compare models of the atom that were proposed by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, as well as the quantum mechanical model.

I can summarize and evaluate the benefits and hazards of nuclear energy.

I can write informative text, explaining the contributions to

Interactions of Matter Chemical Bonding: SPI 3221.3.1 Analyze ionic and covalent compounds in terms of their formation (electron transfer versus sharing), names, chemical formulas (e.g., molecular: H2O, CO2, NH3; empirical: NaCl, CaBr2, Al(NO3)3), percent composition, and molar masses.

quantum theory by DeBroglie, Heisenberg, and Schrodinger.

I can summarize and apply Aufbau’s principle to electron arrangement.

I can compare and contrast electron arrangement with Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.

I can write and explain the exceptional electron configurations of some elements.

I can write abbreviated electron configurations.

I can research and discuss the contributions of Mendeleev and Moseley.

I can employ electron arrangement to explain the patterns of energy increases associated with multiple ionizations.

I can relate and explain effective nuclear charge and electron shielding to periodic trends.

I can relate and explain Coulomb’s law to trends in ionization energy.

Interactions of Matter Chemical Bonding: I can research and discuss the relationship of intermolecular forces to the melting point and boiling point of substances.

I can relate and explain expanded octets and electron deficient molecules in terms of Hybridization theory.

I can sketch and label bond angles in structural formulas, and explain the differences in sigma and pi bonds.

I can research and discuss molecular resonance structures.

I can apply hybridization theory to the geometry of carbon molecules.

I can apply an electronegativity chart and molecular structure to determine the polarity of molecules.


Big Ideas/Key Concepts: The properties of matter determine how it interacts with energy.

Standards Student Friendly “I Can” Statements Matter and Energy States of Matter: SPI 3221.2.5 Compare and contrast heat and temperature changes (endothermic/exothermic) in chemical (e.g., combustion) or physical (e.g., phase transformations) processes.

Matter and Energy States of Matter: I can determine heat and temperature changes in chemical and physical processes.

I can model energy transfer during an endothermic or exothermic chemical reaction, based on the bond energy difference between bonds broken and bonds formed.

I can analyze energy changes involved in calorimetry by using the law of conservation of energy as it applies to temperature, heat and phase changes (including the use of q=mc∆T to determine the mass or the change in temperature of an object).

SPI 3221.Math.2 Perform operations on algebraic expressions and informally justify the selected procedures.

I can perform calculations on heat of solvation, heat of reaction, heat of formation, and heat of phase change.


I can interpret a phase diagram.

SPI 3221.2.6 Investigate similarities and differences among solids, liquids and gases in terms of energy and particle spacing.

I can model and explain the similarities and differences between solids, liquids, and gases in terms of energy and particle spacing.

I can convert between common pressure units, °C and Kelvin, and state conditions at STP.

Gas Laws:

SPI 3221.2.7 Predict how changes in volume, temperature, and pressure affect the behavior of a gas.

Gas Laws: I can use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain the behavior of gases.

I can relate the proportionalities of pressure, temperature and volume of a constant amount of gas.

I can solve gas law problems using Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Gay-Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s principle and the Ideal Gas Law.

I can plan, conduct, and interpret results of experiments and graphs that explore relationships of pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas.

SPI 3221.Inq.2 Analyze the components of a properly designed scientific investigation.

I can analyze the components of a properly designed scientific investigation.


I can determine appropriate tools to gather precise and accurate data.

SPI 3221.Inq.4 Evaluate the accuracy and precision of data.

I can evaluate the accuracy and precision of data.

SPI 3221.Inq.5 Defend a conclusion based on scientific evidence.

I can defend a conclusion based on scientific evidence.

SPI 3221.Inq.6 Determine why a conclusion is free of bias.

I can determine why a conclusion is free of bias.

SPI 3221.Inq.7 Compare conclusions that offer different, but acceptable explanations for the same set of experimental data.

I can compare conclusions that offer different, but acceptable explanations for the same set of experimental data.

Interactions of Matter SPI 3221.3.5 Convert among the following quantities of a substance: mass, number of moles, number of particles, molar volume at STP.

Interactions of Matter I can convert between the following quantities of a substance: mass, number of moles, number of particles and volume of a gas at STP.

SPI 3221.Math.4 Apply measurement unit relationships including Avogadro’s number, molarity, molality, volume, and mass to balance chemical equations.

SPI 3221.3.6 Identify and solve stoichiometry problems which interconvert volume of gases at STP, moles, and mass.

I can calculate molar volume stoichiometric problems at STP

Matter and Energy Solutions: SPI 3221.2.1 Distinguish among elements, compounds, solutions, colloids and suspensions.

Matter and Energy Solutions: I can review the differences and similarities between elements, compounds, and mixtures, such as: solutions, colloids and suspensions.

SPI 3221.2.2 Identify properties of a solution: solute and solvent in a solid, liquid or gaseous solution; procedure to make or determine the concentration of a solution in units of ppm, ppb, molarity, percent composition, factors that affect the rate of solution.

I can create and analyze solutions to identify solutes and solvents, quantitatively analyzing concentrations.

I can model the process by which solutes dissolve in solvents, and predict how intermolecular forces affect solubility.

SPI 3221.2.3 Classify a solution as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated based on its composition and temperature and a solubility graph.

I can describe factors affecting the rate of solvation including agitation, surface area, and temperature, and construct explanations based on collision theory.

I can solve problems involving molarity, molality, percent composition, ppm, and ppb.

I can describe how to prepare a dilution from a solution of known molarity. I can determine the colligative properties of a solution based on the molality and freezing point or boiling points of the solvent.


I can use the composition and temperature of a solution, and read a solubility graph to determine if a solution is saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated

Acids and Bases: SPI 3221.3.7 Classify substances as acids or bases based on their formulas and how they react with litmus and phenolphthalein.

Acids and Bases: I can use litmus paper and phenolphthalein to identify acids and bases and to distinguish between weak and strong acids. I can perform a simple experiment that determines the acidity or

alkalinity of a substance based on how it reacts with litmus, pH paper and/or phenolphthalein. I can identify an answerable question and formulate a hypothesis to guide a scientific investigation.

I can use the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry models to recognize, define and predict pH changes.


Matter and Energy States of Matter: SPI 3221.2.5 Compare and contrast heat and temperature changes (endothermic/exothermic) in chemical (e.g., combustion) or physical (e.g., phase transformations) processes.

Gas Laws: SPI 3221.2.7 Predict how changes in volume, temperature, and pressure affect the behavior of a gas.

Interactions of Matter SPI 3221.3.5 Convert among the following quantities of a substance: mass, number of moles, number of particles, molar volume at STP. SPI 3221.3.6 Identify and solve stoichiometry problems which interconvert volume of gases at STP, moles, and mass. Matter and Energy Solutions:

Matter and Energy States of Matter: I can explain and relate how intermolecular forces contribute to states of matter at room temperature. I can compare and contrast the processes of evaporation, vaporization and boiling.

I can explain what occurs in a dynamic equilibrium.

Gas Laws: I can solve combined gas law problems.

I can apply and solve problems using Dalton’s law of partial pressures.

I can solve Ideal gas equation problems solving for density or molecular mass. I can explain and solve problems using Graham’s law of diffusion.

Interactions of Matter I can solve complex molar gas volume conversions involving density and metric conversions. I can solve complex molar gas volume stoichiometry problems involving density and metric conversions. I can solve stoichiometry problems involving molarity and perform titration calculations.

Matter and Energy Solutions:

SPI 3221.2.3 Classify a solution as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated based on its composition and temperature and a solubility graph.

Acids and Bases: SPI 3221.3.7 Classify substances as acids or bases based on their formulas and how they react with litmus and phenolphthalein.

I can employ a solubility graph to determine how much of a solute will precipitate out of a solution when the temperature is lowered.

Acids and Bases: I can apply and explain acid and bases in terms of Bronsted – Lowry theory of acids.

I can employ the equilibrium constant for water (Kw) to determine the concentration of hydronium or hydroxide ions in a solution.

I can calculate pH and pOH.

I can calculate the molar concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions using the pH or pOH.

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2017.18 Chemistry, Ongoing Expectations · 2017.18 Chemistry, Ongoing Expectations Big Ideas/Key Concepts: • Understandings about scientific inquiry and the ability to conduct inquiry