2017 - The AAPS · 2017-07-29 · 18 th 26 29 th 2017 3 3 3 AAPS 2017 Conference Venue Plenary Sessions will be held in the Auditorium Room A407, 4th Floor, College of Music, Mahidol

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July 26th -29th, 2017 Venue: Mahidol University (Salaya Campus), Nakornpathom, Thailand

Programme at a Glance

Time

Date

9.00 --

9.30

9.30 --

10.30

10.45 --

12.00

13.30 --

15.00

15.15 --

16.30

19.00 –

21.00

Wed. July 26 Registration and check-in

Dinner

at Salaya Pavilion

Thu. July 27

Re

gistr

atio

n Opening session

Room 407

Brea

k

Keynote speaker

Room 407

Lunc

h

Concurrent session(s) 1 (See Panel Program)

Brea

k

Concurrent session(s) 2 (See Panel Program)

Dinner at Music Square

Fri. July 28

Summary Session

Mahasawasdi room

Salaya Pavillion

Closing ceremony

Mahasawasdi room

Salaya Pavillion

Site Visit Metropolitan

Police Bureau

Site Visit Siam Niramit Thai Village

Dinner and

Cultural Show at

Siam Niramit

Sat.

July 29

Departure

18th Annual Conference 26th-29th July, 2017

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Conference Venue

Plenary Sessions will be held in the Auditorium Room A407, 4th Floor, College of Music, Mahidol University .A tram service will be provided to/from Salaya Pavilion Hotel and the College of Music on July 27th from 8.00 – 9.00

Concurrent Sessions will be held on 2nd Floor of the Art Museum, College of Music, Mahidol University.

Registration

The registration and information desk will be located in the lobby of Salaya Pavilion Hotel on 26th July, 2017, and in front of the Auditorium Room 407, 4th Floor, College of Music, Mahidol University on 27th July, 2017 . The participants will receive name badges, souvenirs and information regarding the conference matters.

AAPS Membership Fees (payment by cash only)

For the international presenter at the conference, the fee is 399 USD, which covers the costs of accommodation (4 days and 3 nights at Salaya Pavilion Hotel), local transportation, food and activities. The fee must be paid in US dollars.

For the local presenter at the conference, the fee is 199 USD which covers the costs of local transportation, food and activities.

For the accompanying, the fee is 199 USD, which covers the costs of accommodations, local transportation, food and activities as well .

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Social Events

Date Time Activities

Wednesday July, 26

18.00 – 21.00

Welcome Dinner at Salaya Pavilion Hotel

Thursday July, 27

12.00 – 13.00

18.00 – 20.00

Lunch at Music Square, College of Music, Mahidol University Dinner at Music Square, College of Music, Mahidol University

Friday July 28

12.00 – 13.00

14.00 - 16.00

17.00 – 18.00

19.00 – 21.00

Lunch at Salaya Pavilion Hotel Study Visit at Metropolitan Police Bureau Thai Village Visit at Siam Niramit ( shuttle service) Cultural Show and Dinner at Siam Niramit

Image Source: http://www.edtguide.com/hotel/70917/salaya-pavilion-hotel


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Image Source: http://www.manager.co.th/Crime/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9560000129135 Image Source: https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g293916-d656519-i73163308-Siam_Niramit-Bangkok.html

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College of Music Map (Mahidol University)

Building A (Room 407) – Opening Session

Building H (2nd Floor) Art Musem – Concurrent Sessions Building E (Music Square) – Lunch and Dinner

Building B – Tram Stop

Building G – Artist Residency

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Mahidol University, Salaya Campus Map

For further information, please visit http://www.thailandphil.com/prince-mahidol-hall/salaya-campus-map/

Building 28 – Salaya Pavilion

Building 4 – College of Music


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Mahidol University, Salaya Campus Map

For further information, please visit http://www.thailandphil.com/prince-mahidol-hall/salaya-campus-map/

Building 28 – Salaya Pavilion

Building 4 – College of Music

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Jurg Gerber, Ph.D. Professor, Sam Houston State University, USE

President, AAPS

Sandy (Yu-Lan) Yeh, Ph.D. Secretary General, AAPS

Organizing Committee Mahidol University

Luechai Sringernyuang, Ph.D. Dean of Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities

Gamonpron Sonsri, Ph.D. Head of the Department of Social Sciences

Srisombat Chokprajakchat, Ph.D.

Wanaporn Techagaisiyavanit, S.J.D. Krish Rugchatjaroen, Ph.D.

Buraskorn Torut, Ph.D.

Naphanat Kongkarat, M.D.

The Conference’s Sponsor

Metropolitan Police Bureau, the Royal Thai Police

Rangsit University The office of Justice Affairs, Ministry of

Justice

Thailand Research Fund (TRF)


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Programme Schedule Asian Association of Polices Studies (AAPS)

“Policing, Governance and Justice in multicultural societies:

Challenges in the Age of High Technology and Advanced Communication”

26th–29th July, 2017 Venue: Mahidol University (Salaya Campus) Nakornpathom, Thailand

Wednesday, July 26th 2017 Venue: Lobby at 6th floor, Salaya Pavilion Hotel 14.00 – 17.00 Registration and Coffee Break 17.30 – 21.00 Welcome Dinner at Mahasawasdi room (Salaya Pavilion) Thursday, July 27th 2017 Venue: Room A407 (Phra Jane Duriyang), Building A (Bhumibol Sangkeet), College of Music 8.00 – 9.00 Tram service to College of Music and Registration 9.00 – 9.30 Master of Ceremonies Assoc. Prof. Dr. NOPRAENUE SAJJARAX DHIRATHITI Assistant to the President for Education 9.30 – 10.30 Opening Remarks Dr. WISIT WISITSORA-AT Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Justice Welcome Remarks (from host and co-hosts) Assoc. Prof. Dr. SIRIPORN YAMNILL

Associate Dean for Organization Development and Human Capital, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University

Pol.Lt.Gen. SANIT MAHATAVORN Commissioner of Metropolitan Police Bureau, The Royal Thai Police

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Mr. WALLOP NAKBUA Director-General, Office of Justice Affairs, Ministry of Justice

Assoc. Prof. Dr. THAMAVIT TERDUDOMTHAM. Dean of Institute of Criminology and Justice Administration,

Rangsit University Handover Ceremony of Presidency Rotation Prof. GERBER, JURG Sam Houston State University President of AAPS Dr. YULAN YEH (Sandy) Secretary 10.30 – 10.45 Break

10.45 – 11.15 Keynote Speaker Prof. Dr. KITTIPONG KITTAYARAK Executive Director, Thailand Institute of Justice (TIJ)

Group Pictures 11.30 – 13.30 Lunch Break (Music Square) Venue: Second Fl. Art Museum (Building H), College of Music

13.30 – 16.30 Concurrent Sessions (See Panel Program)


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Mr. WALLOP NAKBUA Director-General, Office of Justice Affairs, Ministry of Justice

Assoc. Prof. Dr. THAMAVIT TERDUDOMTHAM. Dean of Institute of Criminology and Justice Administration,

Rangsit University Handover Ceremony of Presidency Rotation Prof. GERBER, JURG Sam Houston State University President of AAPS Dr. YULAN YEH (Sandy) Secretary 10.30 – 10.45 Break

10.45 – 11.15 Keynote Speaker Prof. Dr. KITTIPONG KITTAYARAK Executive Director, Thailand Institute of Justice (TIJ)

Group Pictures 11.30 – 13.30 Lunch Break (Music Square) Venue: Second Fl. Art Museum (Building H), College of Music

13.30 – 16.30 Concurrent Sessions (See Panel Program)

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Panel 1 - Policing crime, drugs, cybercrime, organized crime, transnational crime and terrorism

Chair: Dr. Sandy Yu-Lan Yeh

Time

13.30 – 15.00 Title(s) of Presentation Presenter(s)

Session 1 Room 201

“An Empirical Research on Securities Insider Trading Crime in China”

Dr. Liu Wei-wen

“How to figure out less visible cybercrime victims?”

Dr. Taisuke Kanayama

"Countermeasures against Terrorism in Japan"

Ms. Yuko Utsumi

“A Study on Protection, Prevention and Suppression relating to the Intellectual Property Infringement in Thailand”

Dr. Tunyatorn Insorn

Panel 2 - Policing crime, drugs, cybercrime, organized crime, transnational crime and terrorism

Chair: Prof. Sutham Cheurprakobkit

Time 15.15 – 16.30

Title(s) of Presentation Presenter(s)

Session 2 Room 201

“Countering emerging threats and challenges of transnational organized crime (TOC) in the context of the ASEAN Community”

Ms. Jane Holloway

“The Establishment of a Practitioner-based Framework for Transnational Policing Cooperation”

Mr. Poyuan (Charlie) Wu

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“The Role of INTERPOL in International Law Enforcement Cooperation: Case of China”

Dr. Tao Xu

“On the causal nexus between drug and property crime: Evidence from provincial panel data in Thailand”

Dr. Tongyai Iyavarakul

Panel 3 - Public order, violence, and deviance

Chair: Dr. Charles, Chang

Time 13.30 – 15.00


Session 1 Room 202

“Police and Survey on Victims of Domestic Violence in Taiwan”

Dr. Bill Huang

“Routine Activities in a Virtual Space: A Taiwanese Case of ATMs Hacking Spree”

Dr. Shun-Yung Kevin Wang Dr. Ming-Li Hsieh

“Gender Differences in Peer Victimization”

Dr. Attapol Kuanliang

“An Assessment of the Preparation of the Office of Immigration Police, Royal Thai Police, for Asian Economic Community B.E.2558”

Dr. Tanansak Borwornnuntakul


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“The Role of INTERPOL in International Law Enforcement Cooperation: Case of China”

Dr. Tao Xu

“On the causal nexus between drug and property crime: Evidence from provincial panel data in Thailand”

Dr. Tongyai Iyavarakul


Chair: Dr. Charles, Chang

Time 13.30 – 15.00


Session 1 Room 202

“Police and Survey on Victims of Domestic Violence in Taiwan”

Dr. Bill Huang

“Routine Activities in a Virtual Space: A Taiwanese Case of ATMs Hacking Spree”

Dr. Shun-Yung Kevin Wang Dr. Ming-Li Hsieh

“Gender Differences in Peer Victimization”

Dr. Attapol Kuanliang

“An Assessment of the Preparation of the Office of Immigration Police, Royal Thai Police, for Asian Economic Community B.E.2558”

Dr. Tanansak Borwornnuntakul

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Chair: Dr. Attapol Kuanliang

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 202

“A Qualitative Evaluation of Women and Children Protection Policy in Taiwan”

Dr. Charles Chang

“Separation and Terrorism in Chechnya, Xinjiang and Southern Philippines: Conflict of Civilizations on Islam fault line”

Mr. Sean Yu-Hsuan Liu

“The Information Released from Pet Abuse Behaviors: From the Viewpoint of Preventing Domestic Violence”

Dr. Stacy (Tzu-Rung)Yao Wu

Panel 5 - Police, community policing, media and technology

Chair: Dr. Gerber, Jurg

Time 13.30 – 15.00

Title(s) of Presentation Presenter)s(

Session 1 Room 203

“Contemporary Viewpoints: A 2012 Survey of Law Enforcement Officers in Oregon, USA”

Dr. Terry Gingerich

“Police Recruits: Conceptualizing the Value of Community-Oriented Policing”

Dr. Jonathan Allen Kringen

“Modernization of Police Forces in India: A study of National Police Information and Convergence Network (NPICN)”

Mr. Harshil D. Mehta

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“The effectiveness of Automatic License Plate Recognition System for drug transport suppression in north area of Thailand”

Dr. Sunee Kanyajit

“The effective in Using CCTV technology to Support Police Station Administration of Metropolitan Police Bureau”

Dr. Kittanathat Lerwongrat


Chair: Dr. Judith Harris

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 203

“Community Policing, Community Policing, and Community Justice: Implementing a Seemingly Simple Concept in the People’s Republic of China”

Dr. Jurg Gerber

“Problems of and Reflections on Chinese Community Policing: Findings from Literature Analysis”

Dr. Xue Xiangjun

“Citizens’ Perception of Contract Deputy Program: An Exploratory Study in a Southern Urban County in the United States”

Dr. Hsiao-Ming Wang

“Action Research on the Study of the Strategic Way of Thinking by Using the Police and People Reduce Crime Model”

Dr. Panatda Chumnansook Mr. Kosin Hintao


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“The effectiveness of Automatic License Plate Recognition System for drug transport suppression in north area of Thailand”

Dr. Sunee Kanyajit

“The effective in Using CCTV technology to Support Police Station Administration of Metropolitan Police Bureau”

Dr. Kittanathat Lerwongrat


Chair: Dr. Judith Harris

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 203

“Community Policing, Community Policing, and Community Justice: Implementing a Seemingly Simple Concept in the People’s Republic of China”

Dr. Jurg Gerber

“Problems of and Reflections on Chinese Community Policing: Findings from Literature Analysis”

Dr. Xue Xiangjun

“Citizens’ Perception of Contract Deputy Program: An Exploratory Study in a Southern Urban County in the United States”

Dr. Hsiao-Ming Wang

“Action Research on the Study of the Strategic Way of Thinking by Using the Police and People Reduce Crime Model”

Dr. Panatda Chumnansook Mr. Kosin Hintao

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Panel 7 - Correction, community correction, and Restorative Justice

Chair: Dr. Alan Marshall

Time 13.30 – 15.00


Session 1 Room 204

“The Effect of Importation and Deprivation Factors on Juvenile Offenders’ Institutional Misconduct: A Taiwanese Perspective”

Dr. Yung-Lien Lai

“Jails and Prisons: The role of purposive and inadvertent policies and practices on social control”

Dr. Judith Harris

“The implementation of Bangkok Rules in Thai correctional facilities”

Dr. Srisombat Chokprajakchat

“Vulnerable and Invisible: Foreign National Women’s Experience of Imprisonment in Cambodia”

Ms. Min Jee Yamada Park

Panel 8 - Correction, community correction, and Restorative Justice

Chair: Dr. Yung-Lien Lai

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 204

"Thai Women’s Pathways to Prison in Cambodia for Drug Trafficking"

Ms. Chontit Chuenurah

"Non-custodial Measures: Good Practices and Challenges in Thailand"

Mr. Wisoot Chanthadansuwan

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“A Qualitative Analysis of Adaptation to Imprisonment among Female Inmates in Taiwan”

Ms. Michelle Tzu-Ying Lo

Panel 9 - Criminal justice and good governance

Chair: Dr. Kuo, Shih-Ya

Time 13.30 – 15.00


Session 1 Room 206

"A case study of Law Enforcement and Community Development in a tourist destination inside a UNESCO World Heritage Site”

Mr. Andre de Vries Dr. Nantira Pookhao

“Green Collar Crime”

Dr. Jomdet Trimek

“Good Governance and Contemporary Policing”

Dr. S. Krishnamurthy

“Noble Spirit of Police”

Dr. Zhuo Chen Mr. Sheng Lu


Chair: Dr. Huang, Billy

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 206

“Police misconduct in Taiwan: comparing perceptions of the police and electronic gaming service workers”

Dr. Kuo, Shih-Ya


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“A Qualitative Analysis of Adaptation to Imprisonment among Female Inmates in Taiwan”

Ms. Michelle Tzu-Ying Lo


Chair: Dr. Kuo, Shih-Ya

Time 13.30 – 15.00


Session 1 Room 206

"A case study of Law Enforcement and Community Development in a tourist destination inside a UNESCO World Heritage Site”

Mr. Andre de Vries Dr. Nantira Pookhao

“Green Collar Crime”

Dr. Jomdet Trimek

“Good Governance and Contemporary Policing”

Dr. S. Krishnamurthy

“Noble Spirit of Police”

Dr. Zhuo Chen Mr. Sheng Lu


Chair: Dr. Huang, Billy

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 206

“Police misconduct in Taiwan: comparing perceptions of the police and electronic gaming service workers”

Dr. Kuo, Shih-Ya

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“Community Mediation as an Alternative to Police Response to Citizen Disputes: Problems and Promise”

Dr. Christopher M. Sedelmaier

“Comparative Study on Professional Associations’ Roles in Policing’s Professionalism and Local Horizontal Policing Collaboration in USA and in China”

Dr. Jie Qian

Panel 11 – Criminal Justice

Chair: Dr. Punchada Sirivunnabood

Time 13.30 – 15.00


Session 1 Room 207

“The Development of the Measures of Gun Control”

Ms. Anchistha Suriyavorapunt

“Application of the Philosophy of Criminology and Penology as a Criterion for Suspended Imposition of Sentence of Thai Court”

Ms. Chulachadang Swasdiyakorn Vivatvanich

“Criminal Liability by filing a petition to the Court for the business reorganization”

Mr. Puttipong Huntopap

“Football gambling addiction of Thai University students in Bangkok and vicinity”

Ms. Kanittha Lerdbunchardwong

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Chair: Dr. Srisombat Chokprajakchat

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 207

“The Studies for Guideline Protection of Public Procurement Corruption in Thailand”

Ms. Kitivichaya Watcharothai

“The Possibility for Using Electronic Monitoring with Drug Offence Prisoners of Department of Corrections”

Mr. Ekarat Supchokpul

“Developing Metropolitan Police Emergency Call”

Mr. Tunlawat Narongsak

“An Evaluation on project of crime zero community: The Provincial police region 7 through CIPP Model”

Mr. Bhakin Sivamethakul

“Emotional Quotient of the recidivism inmate in the Bangkok remand prison”

Ms. Pattra Jaroensit


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Chair: Dr. Srisombat Chokprajakchat

Time 15.15 – 16.30


Session 2 Room 207

“The Studies for Guideline Protection of Public Procurement Corruption in Thailand”

Ms. Kitivichaya Watcharothai

“The Possibility for Using Electronic Monitoring with Drug Offence Prisoners of Department of Corrections”

Mr. Ekarat Supchokpul

“Developing Metropolitan Police Emergency Call”

Mr. Tunlawat Narongsak

“An Evaluation on project of crime zero community: The Provincial police region 7 through CIPP Model”

Mr. Bhakin Sivamethakul

“Emotional Quotient of the recidivism inmate in the Bangkok remand prison”

Ms. Pattra Jaroensit

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18.00 – 20.00 Dinner (Music Square)

19.00 – 20.00 Back to Salaya Pavilion (students’ escort) Friday, July 28th 2017 Venue: Mahasawasdi room (Salaya Pavilion) 9.30 – 10.30 Summary Presentation (by each Chair) 10.30 – 10.45 Break 10.45 – 11.30 Certificate Presentation Ceremony (Honored Chairs) Closing Remarks Pol.Maj.Gen. ADUL NARONGSAK Deputy Metropolitan Commissioner, The Royal Thai Police 11.30 – 13.00 Lunch (Salaya Pavilion) 13.00 – 13.30 Shuttle Service (pick-up from lobby, Salaya Pavilion) 14.00 – 16.00 Site Visit: Metropolitan Police Bureau 17.00 – 18.30 Site Visit: Siam Niramit, Thai Village 19.00 – 21.00 Dinner and Cultural Show Saturday, July 29th 2017 7.30 – 10.00 Breakfast Departure Shuttle services to the airport will be provided according to the participants’ flight schedules (informed in advance).

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Logistics Information 2017 AAPS Conference (July 25-30th, 2017)

Arrival: July 25 -26th Airport Pick-Up Service (Suvarnabhumi International Airport) Meeting location: 2nd Floor, Gate 10 (near immigration exit B). Please look for a booth with an AAPS sign. Contact Person: Dr. Srisombat Chokprajakchat, mobile: +89 135 6706

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Public Transportation Information Airport Taxi Service

http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/en/117-suvarnabhumi-airport-taxi-service

Airport Limousine Service

http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/en/115-suvarnabhumi-limousine

Airport Rail Link

http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/en/121-suvarnabhumi-airport-rail-link Get off at Phaya Thai Station Connect to BTS sky train (Destination: Bangwa station) http://www.bangkok-maps.com/bts.htm From Bangwa station, exit No. 1 and 2, take a taxi to Mahidol University (approximately 10 USD)

Campus transfer: July 27th - Commuting to the conference venue (room A407 (Phra Jane Duriyang), Bhumibol Sangkeet Building A, College of Music) Location: Tram stop (in front of Salaya Pavilion). Please look for a tram with an AAPS sign. Hours: 8.00 – 9.00

Opening SessionBuilding ARoom A407

LunchBuilding E

Music Square

Concurrent Sessions

Building HRoom 201-207

DinnerBuilding E

Music Square

Please refer to the map on next page


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Public Transportation Information Airport Taxi Service

http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/en/117-suvarnabhumi-airport-taxi-service

Airport Limousine Service

http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/en/115-suvarnabhumi-limousine

Airport Rail Link

http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/en/121-suvarnabhumi-airport-rail-link Get off at Phaya Thai Station Connect to BTS sky train (Destination: Bangwa station) http://www.bangkok-maps.com/bts.htm From Bangwa station, exit No. 1 and 2, take a taxi to Mahidol University (approximately 10 USD)

Campus transfer: July 27th - Commuting to the conference venue (room A407 (Phra Jane Duriyang), Bhumibol Sangkeet Building A, College of Music) Location: Tram stop (in front of Salaya Pavilion). Please look for a tram with an AAPS sign. Hours: 8.00 – 9.00

Opening SessionBuilding ARoom A407

LunchBuilding E

Music Square

Concurrent Sessions

Building HRoom 201-207

DinnerBuilding E

Music Square

Please refer to the map on next page

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Site Visit: July 28th – Site visit (Metropolitan Police Bureau and Siam Niramit) Meeting Location: Floor 6, Hotel Lobby Meeting Hours: 13.00 – 13.30 Departure: July 28-29th - Airport Drop-Off Service (Suvarnabhumi International Airport). If your drop-off location is different, please verify and confirm your destination at the registration desk. Meeting Location: Floor 6, Hotel Lobby Meeting Hours: 5.00 – 18.00

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Theme of AAPS 2017

Policing, Governance and Justice in Multicultural Societies: Challenges in the Age of High Technology and Advanced

Communication Sub panels Policing crime, drugs, cybercrime, organized crime, transnational crime and terrorism Public order, violence, and deviance Police, community policing, media and technology Correction, community correction, and restorative Justice Criminal justice and good governance Criminal justice

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Panel 1

(13.30-15.00)

Policing crime, drugs, cybercrime, organized crime,

transnational crime and terrorism


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An Empirical Research on Securities Insider Trading Crime in China

LIU Wei-wen Jiangsu Police Institute

Email address: [email protected]

China's insider trading crime shows the following characteristics such as increasing number of crimes, diversification of the crime subject, high degree of specialization, difficult to investigate and punish. Through the empirical analysis of more than 40 cases since 2003 in China, we found the main difficulties in identify securities insider trading crime are identification of people's illegal access to inside information, determining the formation time of inside information, calculation illegal gains and whether the Confirmation letter of CSRC can be used as evidence. We should learn from American misappropriation theory to advance the law of illegal access to inside information personnel. We should also use Probability and Impact Degree Principle to determine the formation time of insider information, adapt the actual income method and the PDD method to determine the amount of illegal income and apply “Doctrine of Presumptive and Burden Shift of Proof” to improve insider trading proof.

Keywords: Insider trading crime; Inside information; Insider Security

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How to figure out less visible cybercrime victims?

Taisuke Kanayama, Ph.D. Professor for Criminal Justice

Department of Risk Management, Nihon University Email address: [email protected]

Recently, an annual number of Penal Code crime has been decreasing consecutively from 2.8 million in 2002 to 1 million in 2016 in Japan. On the other hand, an annual number of cybercrimes has been increasing constantly, however the number of cybercrime is about 8,000 in police crime statistics in 2016. Comparing the number of cybercrime with Penal Code crime, the number of cybercrime is deemed to be too small to show its real impact. Therefore, our study group conducted comprehensive cybercrime victimization survey through internet in 2016 and 2017. In this paper, based on the result of above surveys, the real volume of cybercrimes and damages brought by cybercrimes are estimated followed by the analysis of reasons why the dark number of cybercrime is larger than conventional crime and a couple of solutions to reduce the dark number of cybercrime will be explored.


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Countermeasures against International Terrorism in Japan Yuko Utsumi

3-12-1 Asahi-cho Fuchu-shi Tokyo 183-8558 Japan, Police Policy Research Center Email address: [email protected]

In Japan, the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack, an indiscriminate terrorist attack using sarin as a chemical weapon, occurred in 1995. In the United States, the September 11 terrorist attack occurred in 2001. These days, ISIL is suggesting that they will make a terrorist attack on Japan. In July 2016, seven Japanese were killed in a terrorist attack in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Now the threat of terrorism has become a reality in Japan.The Japanese Government has been strengthening countermeasures against terrorism, including the establishment of the Action Plan for Prevention of Terrorism, and this forms the basis of terrorism countermeasures. After a Japanese people are murdered in a Syria or Tunisia terrorist attack, the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit was established in December 2015 in order to reinforce information gathering regarding international terrorist conditions as well as reinforcing border control and security guarding of key facilities and soft targets.As regards police action, the National Police Agency is reinforcing its collaboration with private entities, including management measures for companies selling chemical substances that can be raw materials for explosives. The National Police Agency is promoting Japanese-Style counterterrorism measures as an integrated approach by national and private organizations. Keywords: terrorism, Olympic Games, Japan

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A Study on Protection, Prevention and Suppression relating to the Intellectual Property Infringement in Thailand

Tunyatorn Insorn, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Program chair in Doctoral Program in Criminology,

Justice Administration and Society, Mahidol University, Thailand E-mail address: [email protected]

In the current era of globalization, time of digital technology advancement and trade liberalization in capitalism system all over the world, ubiquitous occurrences of unlawful exploitation in various forms over works of creativity and innovation as“ Intellectual Property” (including Copyright, Patent, Trademark, Industrial Design, Designs of Integrated Circuits, Undisclosed Information, Geographical Indications and so on) are always in nature of organized or networked economic crime and detrimental economically to creators and Thailand’s image in international trade. Accordingly , at present Thailand has reformed the intellectual property system by categorizing it into 3 main groups i.e. the first group aiming at revision of statutes of intellectual property laws, the second group aiming at stringent enforcement of the laws to suppress intellectual property infringement and the third group aiming at other related actions (such as to promote registration of the intellectual property rights). Nevertheless, under current circumstances, several important problems and obstacles in practice are found out. They include and relate to prevention and suppression of intellectual property infringement, judicial proceeding in the Intellectual Property and International Trade Court. Accordingly , there must not be any hesitation to find solution and also to take such practical problems further into a systematic research.

Keywords: intellectual property, infringement, organized crime


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Panel 2

(15.15-16.30)

Policing crime, drugs, cybercrime, organized crime,

transnational crime and terrorism

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Countering emerging threats and challenges of transnational organized crime (TOC) in the context of the ASEAN Community

Jane Holloway Acting Chief of Transnational Organized Crime Programme; Thailand Institute of Justice

The institutionalization of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015 transformed Southeast Asia into a region with free movement of goods, services, investments and skilled labor. This enhanced connectivity, coupled with infrastructure development and visa exception, creates new opportunities for organized crime to pose additional threats to ASEAN countries’ security. These new regional dynamics raise many questions in the crime and justice context: How is TOC expected to evolve in the context of the regional integration? How have law enforcers and other relevant stakeholders prepared to address these emerging challenges? What new approaches and challenges characterize bilateral, regional and international cooperation to combat TOC, as well as to assist and protect victims of such crime? In order to answer these questions, extensive field research was conducted by the Thailand Institute of Justice and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, involving interviews and written surveys with more than 100 Thai, international and civil society stakeholders from 59 agencies in 13 duty stations. Official data collection and literature review complemented the assessment. Findings revealed that TOC is expected to increase and diversify, generating new case management challenges for law enforcers. Government agencies’ preparations focused on building their technical capacity to cope with TOC. However, ASEAN cooperation in criminal matters is only slowly advancing and it is hindered by 13 key behavioral, policy, capacity-related challenges. These findings lead to a set of policy implications for policymakers and law enforcers, and contribute to the debate on how to build an effective ASEAN integrated framework for justice and security.


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The Establishment of a Practitioner-based Framework for Transnational Policing Cooperation

Poyuan (Charlie) Wu Ph.D. candidate in Criminology at School of Law, University of Manchester, UK

The state is no longer the dominant player within and beyond its territory. A prominent example exists in Europe: the state needs to create and mobilise sub-state organisations, such as the national police, in seeking to meet community demands within its territory. Meanwhile, the state also needs to exercise power upwards in exchange for participation in various European political and security entities. Hence, the state cannot insist on its monopoly position. Instead, the state should rely on these semi-autonomous entities in pursuit of national interests, implementation of policies and enforcement of law. Hence, to understand transnational policing cooperation, the state cannot be considered a suitable analytic actor. On the contrary, the national police which are capable of policy implementation, law enforcement and order maintenance should attract much greater academic attention. Although the national police hold a pivotal position in connection with various entities within and beyond the state, this position may be overlooked. Specifically, researchers usually regard practitioners’ accounts as a reflection on practice of the national police and governments rather than of practitioners. In other words, a practitioner is heuristically considered the representative of police and government. This implies that researchers ignore the dynamic between practitioners (agency) and their surroundings (structures). To unveil this dynamic, a practitioner-based framework for transnational policing cooperation will be as follows: A practitioner-based framework: Specifically, the presenter will identify the weakness of

existing studies on transnational policing, police culture and field analysis. Features in this framework: The presenter will introduce his framework based on Pierre

Bourdieu’s theory of practice. Application in the Taiwan context: As an example, the Taiwan Criminal Investigation

Bureau (CIB) detectives’ daily transnational practice will be illustrated by the framework.

Keywords: policing cooperation, police culture, practice, field, habitus

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The Role of INTERPOL in International Law Enforcement Cooperation: Case of China

Tao XU, Ph.D. Zhejiang Police College, China

(86)136-0580-4012, (86)571-8778-7199 Email address: [email protected]

With the accelerated flow of people, material, technology, information, capital and thoughts, transnational organized crimes, terrorism, and fugitives of corruption, has increasingly become challenging issues in the international community. As the world’s largest international police organization, with 190 member countries, Interpol's role is "to enable police around the world to work together to make the world a safer place". Since 1984 when China officially joined the Interpol, the demands of China to strengthen police cooperation with our counterparts in the world through the Interpol channel has been rising. This article starts with a brief introduction to Interpol and Interpol China NCB. Then it reviews the status quo, experiences and impacts of China's international police cooperation in the framework of the Interpol. At last, it looks deeper into the challenges and trends in international police cooperation for Interpol. Keywords: Interpol, international cooperation, law enforcement, China


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On the causal nexus between drug and property crime: Evidence from provincial panel data in Thailand

Tongyai Iyavarakul, Ph.D. School of Development Economics, National Institute of Development Administration

(NIDA) Email address: [email protected]

This paper investigates the connection between drug crime and property crime using provincial panel data collected from 76 provinces in Thailand from 2006 to 2015. Estimation results from a dynamic econometric model developed by Arellano and Bond (1991) show that the number of drug arrests has a strongly significant negative effect on the number of property crimes, after the effect of other covariates including per capita income, unemployment rate, the size of the population, and the proportion of population that are adult males have been controlled for. More specifically, an increase in the number of drug arrests by 100 will likely reduce approximately 18 incidents of reported property crimes. The empirical findings in this paper support the hypothesis that an increase in drug arrests reduces the number of criminals in the crime market, thus lowering the number of crimes in other drug-related crimes such as property crime.

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Panel 3

(13.30-15.00)

Public order, violence, and deviance


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Police and Survey on Victims of Domestic Violence in Taiwan

Wen-Chih Huang, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Border Police Department

Central Police University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Email address: [email protected]

This research aims at exploring police’s roles in domestic violence in the government functions of woman and child protection. Generally speaking, police roles in dealing with domestic violence include providing immediate protection to the victims, reporting, long-term protection, service, and problem resolving. Given police is usually the first responder to domestic violence cases, police’s roles need to be streamlined under the constraints of human resource and the problem resolving in a long run. The method of this research was quantitative questionnaires surveyed on randomly selected Taiwan police locate in the northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. The survey was designed to be a constructive questionnaire. 404 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 312 respondents were male (77.2%) and 92 were female (22.8%). The surveyed police work in different agencies including Women and Children Protection Brigade and Criminal Investigation Corps at city/county police department level, criminal investigation division, business affairs division, police stations that belong to a Police precinct. This research also sought assistance from social workers to apply the same questionnaire to survey the victims of domestic violence at the same geographical distributions of Taiwan. In order to prevent secondary harm from the victims and keep research’s validity and reliability, victims’ survey was conducted in purposive sampling. Among victim samples, 85 were female (93.4%) and only 6 were male (6.6%). This demographic attribution reflects the victims of domestic violence are primarily females. The questionnaire was composed of three parts. The first part was to explore police and victims’ conceptions of police’s role written in laws. The second was to explore their conceptions of domestic violence. The third part only applied to victims to explore their conceptions of victimization and their reporting experience to police. The findings of first part of questionnaire indicate similar results between police and victims. Victims’ recognition to police’s role that are written in laws is even higher than police themselves. Multiple items showed significant variance in the statistics. However, there were two items with major different results. The first item was to ask whether police had to provide long-term protection to the victims. Most of the surveyed police disagrees to providing long-term protection whereas the surveyed victims hold higher expectations to police. Secondly, the item of whether police needed to play the role of a mediator received diverse feedback between the police and the victims. Most surveyed police didn’t accept the mediator role while victims rather police be so. As the first responder to the scene, whether the police takes reconciliation approach to deal with domestic violence is worthy to have further study in the future. With regard to the second part items, surveyed police recognized domestic violence as an important police affairs; this also win victims’ high recognition. Meanwhile, police cannot solely resolve the case alone; police needed to collaborate with other government agencies or functions

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to work hand-in-hand to deal with domestic violence. Not only police but also the victims recognized the needs of cooperation. This research found 10% victims ever sought assistance from Social Welfare Department of city/county in the first place. Even so, police is still the major government representatives that the victims looked for assistance. Victims expressed their high satisfaction toward most of police works whereas police didn’t issue the receipt to each victim upon their reporting. When the researchers looked into this phenomenon, we found 25% police applied mediation approach in a domestic violence case. Although the police didn’t agree with this approach, police still didn’t heavily rely on the arrest to set apart the couples. More interestingly, victims expected police to reconcile the disputes on the scene whereas the police perceives their roles as providing immediate protection instead of mediation or reconciliation. In sum, 80% surveyed victims gave high recognition to the police’s work on women and child protection. In light of the increasingly complexed situations of woman and child protection, victims’ support rate reflects their satisfaction toward Taiwan police. This is something significant and worthy of recognition. Keywords: Police; Woman and Child security; Domestic Violence; Victims survey


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Routine Activities in a Virtual Space: A Taiwanese Case of ATMs Hacking Spree

Ming-Li Hsieh, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice, Department of Political Science

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire P.O. Box 4004 Hibbard 428 Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004

Washington State Institute for Criminal Justice (WSICJ) Email address: [email protected]

Shun-Yung Wang, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Criminology, College of Arts and Sciences

University of South Florida-St. Petersburg 140 7th Ave. S. DVA 282 St. Petersburg, FL 33701


Routine activity theory (RAT) was initially proposed to understand street crime in 1979, and soon it has been applied in predicting a predatory criminal event or a victimization event. Yet, little is known about whether the RAT could address an emerging trend of criminal incidents in a virtual environment – cyber space – without the conventional restrictions of physical space, time, and guardian. The current study examined a high-profile case that European hackers programmed ATMs in Taipei to “spit out” cash and made off with $2.6 million spoils through applying the explanation of RAT. The results indicated that the Taiwanese case exemplified the doctrine of RAT. Moreover, this study bolstered the neo-ideology of “cannikin law” within cybercrime, in which intactness of cybersecurity and levels of risk would depend on the magnitude of guardianship (as the length of wooden planks). Keywords: routine activity theory; white color crime; cybercrime; cybersecurity; hacker

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Gender Differences in Peer Victimization

Srisombat Chokprajakchat, Ph.D. Associate Professor,

Doctoral Program in Criminology, Justice Administration and Society Mahidol University, Thailand


Attapol Kuanliang, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Criminal Justice

Midwestern State University, U.S.A. Email address: [email protected]

Nittaya Sumretphol, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor University of Technology Krungthep, Thailand


Peer victimization is one of the topics that has recently gained attention from scholars and policy makers. This is possibly due to the scientific evidences of negative effects in child development from those incidents. Research indicates that peer victimization contributes to poor school performance, low self-esteem, and delinquent behaviors. In Thailand, studies related to this topic are still limited. This study will not only examine prevalence and correlation of peer victimization, but also try to gain a better understanding of gender differences on these issues. By closely looking into student experiences of verbal, property, and physical victimization, data were collected from junior high school and high school students in Nakhon Prathom Province, Thailand. The goals of this study are not only to increase awareness regarding the nature and extent of peer victimization, but expectantly to impact policies and practices that can protect and improve the students’ safety and quality of life as well.

Keywords: Peer victimization, gender, child development


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An Assessment of the Preparation of the Office of Immigration Police, Royal Thai Police, for Asian Economic Community B.E. 2558

Tanansak Borwornnuntakul, Ph.D. Assistant Professor in Criminology, Justice Administration and Society, Department of

Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University

The objectives of this study were to assessment the preparation of Office of Immigration Police, Royal Thai police, for Asian Community B.E. 2558, to search the developmental approaching for meeting the international standard on immigration work including setting up the strategic operation for such community scheme. Mixed method through the quantitative study through the survey research within 370 immigration police and qualitative approaching by focus groups in all areas of Thailand were the main research methods. Data were delineated through mean, standard deviations, ANOVA and descriptive approach. The research of this study had revealed as follows; 1. In terms of personal background, most of the sample were female, aged 31-40 years and got marriage, had a Bachelor’s Degree and had worked in their organizations about 5 years. The income level ranged between 20,000 - 35,000 Baht. They are working on Division 2 and 3 respectively. 2. The research found that the immigration police officers had expressed a moderate level of effectiveness, efficiency, outcome and sustainability on such preparation. Be that as it may, they expressed a high level of satisfaction in terms of social service and prestige. 3. As far as factors within the preparation is concerned, most of the immigration police officers expressed the factors concerned with the preparation for Asian economic community depending on clear-cutting plan, understanding for Asian community, policy and others concerned such as culture. 4. Recommendations from this study are that there is a need to set up the international immigration operation standard, and provide an appropriative position for the right female and male immigration police jobs. Similarly, integrating the inter-agencies units and develop on physical immigration police stations in some areas and establish the task force or ad hoc center units for corporation approach would also be useful.

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Panel 4

(15.15-16.30)

Public order, violence, and deviance


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A Qualitative Evaluation of Women and Children Protection Policy in Taiwan

Charles Chang, Ph.D. Professor and Dean, College of Justice Administration

Central Police University Taiwan

In order to establish a legal framework for woman and child protection, Taiwan government has collaborated with the Congress to pass five milestone Acts in the past years, including the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act in 1995, Sexual Assault Crime Prevention Act in 1997, Domestic Violence Prevention Act in 1998, the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act in 2003, and Sexual Harassment Prevention Act in 2005. Under the unanimous efforts among the diverse sectors of the society, central-local-level governments, the safety net for child and woman protection has turned into an inter-agency and inter-profession service mechanism which could be illuminated by well-established legal networks and government functions. In qualitative research designs, this study conducted three focus groups and 15 in-depth interviews. By collecting opinions from internal and external stakeholders of police agencies, this study attempts to streamline the major tasks of police in dealing with children and women protection. This study found external stakeholders expect police to do more than legal mandate; however, police mandate should be focused on criminal investigation and victim protection when they respond to the reporting. Crime prevention and problem shooting should be regarded as supplementary task for the frontline responders. This study suggests domestic violence protection officers need to be put in the center of all related operations. Communications between vertical and horizontal agencies have to be smooth to exclude the misjudgment and prejudice. As for the performance index, this study used Winter’s model to analyze the policy formulation, process, and performance evaluation, there are several good indicators that could be used as a reference to police authority. Keywords: Police Authority; Women and Children Protection; Policy Evaluation

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Separation and Terrorism in Chechnya, Xinjiang and Southern Philippines: Conflict of Civilizations on Islam fault line

Yu-Hsuan Liu Sub-Division Chief, Secretarial Office, New Taipei City Police Department


This paper examines the applicability of the clash of civilizations theory by studying the causes of separatist consciousness and terrorist activities in Chechnya, Xinjiang, and the southern Philippines. We start from the historical background, and review the internal conflicts in the databases, and conclude that the clash of civilizations theory could not better explain the causes of the conflict than political factors. The main findings are as following: (1) Though Chechnya, Xinjiang and Southern Philippines belong to Muslim civilization and all have terrorism, separatism and armed conflicts, we found their correlation analysis is quite different due to their political and economic reasons. Thus, CoC may be too simplized toward these conflicts. (2) Occurrence of the conflicts are related to historical background, ethnic culture, internal and external political factors in each case. No clear evidence shows "clash of civilizations" is consistent with these conflicts. (3) The "interests" of states are still an important factor affecting the occurrence of the conflict. (4) Islam itself is not a hotbed of terrorism, but there are some separatist movements or terrorist organizations using Islam to unite the masses, recruit manpower, acquire international funds and resources, or consolidate their leadership. (5) Gurr’s Minority at Risk (MAR) model could fit and explain the conflicts of Chechnya, Xinjiang and Southern Philippines. Ethnopolitical reasons are better explanation than CoC Keywords: clash of civilizations, separation, terrorism, Chechnya, Xinjiang, Southern Philippines


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The Information Released from Pet Abuse Behaviors: From the Viewpoint of Preventing Domestic Violence

Stacy (Tzu-Rung) Yao Wu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Taiwan Police College, Taipei


Jack (Chou-Tien) Yao, Ph.D. Adjunct Assistant Professor, Taiwan Police College, Taipei


The prominent Indian political leader who campaigned for Indian independence, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, once said “The moral progress of a nation and its greatness should be judged by the way it treats its animals.” Recently, there were several pet-abuse incidents in Taiwan, which caught the attention of the people. In July 2016, the Taiwan Legislators of Economic Community discussed the amendments on “Animal Protection Acts” , which passed in April 2017, increases the punishment for animal abuse including eating and possessing cats’ and dogs’ meat. The demeanor will also be sentenced maximum 2 years jail time and fine for 20,000 to 2,000,000 NTD, if cruelty to animals. The purpose of Animal Protection Act is to intimidate the animal abuse behaviors and to develop a respecting life ideology. However, not only the effect of the amendment still needs a close monitor, but also the causes of those animal-abuse behaviors need to be understood. After the high-profiling animal-abuse cases in Taiwan, I find rare research has been done in Taiwan relating to this issue.

To better understand this issue, I used internet to search for related studies and found out that many international scholars and organizations had paid close attention to the relevant topics. Their research found that the pet abusers have very high possibility to have abnormal behaviors like drug abuse and problematic behaviors. The animal abusers usually closely connect to domestic violent cases. For those people who grew up in an abuse environment, they usually have high chance of animal abuse behaviors.

Taiwan has a long history in domestic violence prevention campaigns. Under the government’s and the experts’ hard work on the prevention, the result is amazing. However, we still cannot eradicate all domestic violence cases. In the stance of criminal prevention, we can prevent and minimize the loss of valuable lives if we can predict with known factors. International scholars had focused on the connection between pet abuse behaviors and domestic violence. Since Taiwan still lacks of research on this topic, this paper aims to target this issue. This study uses the literature review and comparison method. The purpose is to advise that proper actions should be taken in order to have better domestic violence prevention strategies.

Keywords: pet abuse, domestic violence

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Panel 5

(13.30-15.00)

Police, community policing, media and technology


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Contemporary Viewpoints: A 2012 Survey of Law Enforcement Officers in Oregon, USA

Terry E. Gingerich, Ph.D.

Professor of Criminal Justice, Western Oregon University, USA

In 2012, the Criminal Justice Department at Western Oregon University, in partnership with Oregon’s major law enforcement organizations, specifically the: Oregon Association Chiefs of Police (OACP), Oregon State Sheriff’s Association (OSSA), Oregon State Police (OSP), and the Department of Public Safety Standards and Training (DPSST) completed a major research project. The purpose of the research was to collect a sampling of contemporary viewpoints from Oregon law enforcement officers. Researchers used an online survey instrument (Survey Monkey) composed of 55 Liker-scale questions, which was distributed to all law enforcement agencies (i.e. state police, municipal police, and sheriff’s offices) in Oregon. Questions were categorized in fourteen topical areas: demographics, management practices, operational practices, discretionary freedom, agency cohesiveness, personnel practices, training, ethics, collaboration and participation, policing strategies COP/ POP, budget impacts, innovations in policing, perceptions of public opinion, and perceptions of agency service. Responses were received from 921 officers. (The report was published as a government “White Paper.”) Responses were examined from two general dimensions. First, responses were analyzed and compared from an agency perspective –state police, municipal police, and sheriff’s offices. Second, responses were analyzed and compared from a rank perspective –line officers, sergeants, lieutenants, captions, and chiefs/sheriffs. Three themes seem to emerge in the findings. First, most perspectives and opinions are differentiated by rank. In other words, there is a “rank-bias” in the sense that officers, depending on their rank, view their work environment differently. Second, the findings suggest that there are subtle attitudinal differences in the organizational culture of agencies. These differences are quite noticeable in sheriff’s offices where all ranks appear more “attached” to the philosophies, culture, and policies of their departments when compared to municipal police and state troopers. Third, while perspectives are rank-differentiated and vary somewhat across agencies, the overall positive tenor of opinion reveals that a professional and progressive law enforcement community has united to serve Oregon’s citizens. An Open Invention to Expand this Research Beyond my desire to present our findings, I would like to invite interested scholars from AAPS to join me in expanding this research internationally. I would be eager to join with others who may like to conduct a comparative study focusing on one or more of the fourteen topical areas presented in this report. Second, I would like help connecting our findings to relevant empirical research that may help answer some of the questions that this research raised.

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Police Recruits: Conceptualizing the Value of Community Policing

Jonathan Allen Kringen, PhD and Anne Li Kringen, PhD

University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd., West Haven, CT 06516, [email protected]

As community policing (COP) has become more common within police agencies in the United States, some police academies have implemented training in various aspects of COP. While these trainings are designed to help recruits understand the theory and implementation of COP, little is understood about how recruits understand COP. In particular, little research demonstrates whether police recruits, with limited or no policing experience, view COP as valuable, and, if so, what value they assign to COP. Utilizing data from 29 police recruits who engaged in a pilot community-engaged training program as part of their police academy training, this study assesses the way recruits define COP and the value they place on COP. Results show that recruits largely understood the tactical dimension of COP. Some recruits understood the strategic and philosophical dimensions of COP. but understanding of the organizational dimension was missing. Despite the limitations, recruits viewed training in COP as valuable, demonstrating two distinct rationales for the value they assigned. One rationale related to community-level benefits of COP such as community members’ sense of trust in the police. The other rationale was more utilitarian and related to the policing benefits of COP such as increased access to information from community members that might facilitate case closures. This operational value was more common than the community benefit value. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Keywords: Community policing, training, police recruits


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Modernization of Police Forces in India: A study of National Police Information and Convergence Network (NPICN)

Mr. Harshil D. Mehta Research Scholar

M Venkat Ram Reddy, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Policy and Administration

SLS, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India

Literature speaks crime rate in India is increasing rapidly day by day. Police forces in tune with crime and criminals are strengthening their capabilities. But complexity of crime has kept a bigger challenge in front of police. Police need to handle the things in a smart way to uphold the basic duty of policing in maintenance of law & order, prevention and detection of crime. So, for an efficient and smart policing, country has implemented various mission mode projects. In the present age of technology, speed has become the most important word in governance. Importance of getting information quickly and speedily may be in a click of button, on the tap of a hand-held device by all ranks of police officers, from DGP to the police constable. Underestimating any police officer in the field of a constabulary level today in the age of information and technology would be foolish. A pilot project named National Police Information and Convergence Network (NPICN) has been proposed to be implemented in two states. This project is especially for the effective bottom-up communication among the police forces. This project will integrate of all existing communication networks in state police (HF/VHF/UHF/High Band/Low Band) etc. NPICN is to create information for the entire police force of the country. NPICN which will not only be a nationwide police communication network of wide-band width, but also further be enriched with information content and convergence of voice, data and video to the last mile man connectivity to the beat constable/traffic constable. The paper focuses on means and objective of proposed NPICN project in comparison with Crime and Criminal Tracking Networking Systems (CCTNS) which runs on same lines in connecting all police stations in India, which has already been implemented in all states. Key words: - SMART Policing, NPICN, Modernization of police, CCTNS

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Effectiveness of Automatic License Plate Recognition System for drug transport suppression in north area of Thailand

Sunee Kanyajit, Ph.D. Associate Professor in Criminology, Criminal Justice Administration and Society Program,

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand

The study focused on effectiveness of Automatic License Plate Recognition System for drug transport suppression in north area of Thailand. The aims of the research were to examine the problem of police officers as well as finding out of effective system on Auto License Plate Recognition regarding suppression of drug transport in north area of Thailand. The research was conducted by mixed methodology. The participants in quantitative study were 200 police officers at police checkpoints and 20 commissioners in Royal Thai Police. It has been found that the problem of police officers at police checkpoints was lacking of updated data and unclear number toward blacklist of license plate, including late cooperation between police officers at checkpoints and detected camera division. According to system of License Plate Recognition, it was seen that the detected cameras were out of service and lack of maintenance. Most respondents definitely agreed that detected camera assist the police officers in terms of offender scan. The following result was that majority of participant completely agreed to set up checkpoint with the purpose of drug transport suppression as well as camera of License Plate Recognition aided the officers to effectively perform. Overall, 68 percent of sample agreed that camera of License Plate Recognition at police checkpoint in north area of Thailand was effective. The Royal Thai Police shall continually maintain system of License Plate Recognition and hire contractor to maintain the system such in-out data recording, controlling and management of effective system, management of networking system; and maintenances. In addition, the Royal Thai Police shall provide budget to support training program to the police officers to all police checkpoint because it develop ability of the officers and model of training course on Automatic License Plate Recognition for drug transport suppression.


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The effective in Using CCTV technology to Support Police Station Adminnistration of Metropolitan Police Bureau

Assoc.Prof.Pol.Col. Kittanathat Lerwongrat, Ph.D.

This research was merging between the quantitative and qualitative research, and was aims to study about 1) ways and organization of CCTV installation by the Metropolitan Police Station, including resolving on any problems towards CCTV using for preventing and suppression of crimes 2) the ways of suitability about merging and co-development among CCTV technology using in each Metropolitan Police Station and Miracle Eyes Project presented by Metropolitan Police Bureau, for the most profit and effectiveness of preventing and suppression of crimes 3) advantage and disadvantage, problems towards the operating project of CCTV innovation installation using for preventing and suppression of crimes in the area of Bangkok metropolitan (Miracle Eyes Project). This is a comparative study to the operative results of CCTV installed in responsible area of Metropolitan Police Station. Results from the comparative study will be convenient for Miracle Eyes project operation. The sample of the quantitative research was from 316 police officers stationing in crime control department of 15 Metropolitan Police Stations (from total of 88 Metropolitan Police Stations), while the sample of the qualitative research was from 15 Metropolitan Police Stations (from total of 88 Metropolitan Police Stations), peoples who participated in the operating project of CCTV innovation installation using for preventing and suppression of crimes in the area of Bangkok metropolitan (Miracle Eyes Project), simultaneously with focus group. Frequency distributions, percentage, and content analysis was the statistical methods of this research The results of this research were finding that: 1.) in case of ways and organization of CCTV installation by the Metropolitan Police Station, including resolving on any problems towards CCTV using for preventing and suppression of crimes, the installation of CCTV for inside and outside area of the police station such as: accused control room; police notification room; police investigated room; car park; doors; and seize vehicle gather area. CCTV installed in public and responsible area of each police station that called Safety Zone was at commerce areas; tourism location; intersections; junction; or some area with plenty of crime. Preventing and suppression of crimes was usefulness of CCTV, because of descriptions and marks of criminal or vehicle picture; flee way of criminal will occurred in display. Moreover, the usefulness of CCTV also will be in traffic problems resolving. About problems and obstacles of CCTV using was: inadequate of standard; un-sharpness of picture on display; not continue for maintenance; lack of budget for maintenance and operation; lack of related knowledge and experience for some responsible man; difficulty and waste time for data request from private organization, including has no connection center among the CCTV system of private and government sector. About intervention, available in budget for supporting to CCTV installation should occur, particularly in continuing budget of maintenance and operation. Investing of higher standard of the CCTV that brings about to be long period of using. Available in wireless CCTV system should occur for comfortable in case of transferring to appropriate area. 2.) in case of the ways of suitability about merging and co-development among CCTV technology using in each Metropolitan Police Station and Miracle Eyes Project presented by Metropolitan Police Bureau, for the most profit and effectiveness of preventing and suppression of crimes, planning and objectives prescribe; locate selection criteria for CCTV installation; type and qualification of the CCTV; and setting of control center for the

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CCTV should occur. About staff officer, knowledge; skill; and experience towards CCTV technology should be supposed to. Adequate of budget for system installation; data control and management center setting; maintenance should occur. Supporting to the officer to cooperate between preventing and suppression approach with CCTV technology such as to use of a warning sign identified that CCTV installation in some area; to patrol in risky areas; warning about careful of crime to resident around risky area; and induces the resident for CCTV installation. 3.) In case of advantage and disadvantage, problems towards the operating project of CCTV innovation installation using for preventing and suppression of crimes in the area of Bangkok metropolitan (Miracle Eyes Project) the results were as followed 3.1) advantage of Safety Zone project was rising of safety investigation planning in community; conscious making about area organize collaboration and investigating responsibility in residents; safety making for residents and tourism; control and limited to crime problems. The control was in type of physical area control by using of technology as CCTV to become instrument of preventing of crimes. About the budget for operation and maintenance was having good support from private sector. About the disadvantage, lack of human officer; high capital for operation; and lack of continuing budget support from government was cause to lack of maintenance to the CCTV, and becomes to be a main factor for un-immediately suppression of crime. Insignificantly, budget support from private sector in the period of recessive economy was decline. Cooperation between the police stations and other organization, particularly to private sector and communities was decline. It was affected to waste of time for making more understand to the private and communities, and also affected to the operation planning. Thus, blind spot and risky area was rising from lacking of budget support and lack of human officer. 3.2) In case of advantage and disadvantage of Miracle Eye Project, the advantage was complete and systematic operation; clearly in control and command system; assist and support for preventing and suppression of crimes, arrest of criminal, and early suppression of crimes. Thus, the project also made increasing support about CCTV installation from private sector. Feel relieve from residents to the police in responsible area as rapidly in preventing and suppression of crime operation was result to good image and more trustworthy of the project. About the disadvantage, the project used of large amount of human officer, while many of the police stations was lacking of human officer, and result to preparedness for preventing and suppression of crime. Because of high price for CCTV installation and services, residents in responsible area have more expectation in police responsibility. If the police was arrival to criminal scene with too late will make of dissatisfaction in the residents, following to bad result of image and trustworthy of the project. The police officers have unclearly known about contents and budgets of the project. Thus, they cannot clearly answer to the resident. And continuing to restrain of CCTV installation, because of the price of CCTV installation and services was too high.


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Panel 6

(15.15-16.30)

Police, community policing, media and technology

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Community Policing, Community Policing, and Community Justice: Implementing a Seemingly Simple Concept in the People’s Republic of China

Jurg Gerber, Ph.D. and Di Jia Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University

Huntsville, TX 77341-2296, USA Email Address: [email protected]

The police play a crucial role in keeping communities safe. They can do so retroactively by responding to calls for service after crimes have been committed or they can do so proactively by contributing to the creation of conditions that reduce the probability of crime. Using original police documents and policies as data, we examine in this paper the relationships between the community, the police, and community justice by focusing on community policing practices in the People’s Republic of China.


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Problems of and Reflections on Chinese Community Policing: Findings from Literature Analysis

Xue Xiangjun Jiangsu Policing Research Center, Sangong 48, Pukou District, Nanjing

Jiangsu Province, PRC Zip: 210031 Email Address: [email protected]

The study of community policing in China roughly experienced three different periods, during which, different research groups, that is, the national institutions of higher learning, the public security colleges, as well as police departments, made their contribution respectively. The biggest issue existing in current community policing research is that it separates "policing" from "community". Analyzing relevant research literatures can help us find various problems existing in our understanding of community policing, among which, agencies concerned and persons in charge attach little importance to it is not the least. To understand the meaning of community policing correctly, we should clarify its relation with the important Chinese community strategy, that is, the Social Security Comprehensive Governance, and with its implement in practice, that is, the Crime Prevention and Control System, and at the same time, make clear the respective role of the government, the police and the society in the practice of community policing.

Keywords: community policing; social security comprehensive governance; crime prevention and control system; literature analysis

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Citizens’ Perception of Contract Deputy Program: An Exploratory Study in a Southern Urban County in the United States

Hsiao-Ming Wang, Ph.D.

Criminal Justice Professor, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, USA Email Address: [email protected]

In order to address the issues of expanding policing needs in unincorporated neighborhoods, a number of jurisdictions opted to experiment with contracting full or partial services from qualified police authorities. By the 1970s a Southern urban county in the United States experienced a phenomenal population growth. While many townships and communities were annexed by the city, huge areas of the county remained unincorporated. Policing in these unincorporated communities represents a fundamental but very expensive priority. To realistically address this policing shortfall, a number of homeowners’ associations in the unincorporated areas have opted to contract with the sheriff’s office for additional police patrol services. In this study, about 200 citizens living in the urban county’s unincorporated neighborhoods were randomly selected to survey. Their perceptions of the program, experiences with sheriff’s deputies, and satisfactions of the service were analyzed. The findings may identify potential needs for focus in the contract deputy program.

Keyword: Contract Deputy Program, Citizens’ Satisfactions, Policing


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Action Research on the Study of the Strategic Way of Thinking by Using the Police and People Reduce Crime Model

Panatda Chumnansook, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor The Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

Kosin Hintao, Ph.D.

The objectives of this research are to improve knowledge body and study the way of thinking to reduce crime by using the Police and People Reduce Crime Model (PPRC). The researcher took 12 months to create a pilot in 2 provinces (8 communities); Bangkok Metropolis and Chachoengsao. To select pilot area to undergo participatory action research between police and public, by carrying out activities to prevent and reduce crime. After selecting pilot area of each province, the activities to raise awareness of the community and coordinate between relevant organisation were held following pattern and approach of crime reduction by public collaboration by 7 steps. By using qualitative research to study the way of thinking, the results revealed that, 1. The PPRC Model is a good approach which can be used as a prototype of crime suppression and prevention by public involvement. The Pilot group of PPRC committee and police who pay determination commitment to reduce crime in target area effectively can be case study. PPRC pilot research project help improve people feel safe more than in past. The establishment of Police and PPRC committee after implementation of trust building and access to stakeholder in the communication will improve relationship between police and public, and involvement of the stakeholder to reduce and prevent crime effectively. 2. For crime prevention and reduction; the police must not be the starter but need to focus on trust creation and access to group leader, stakeholder in the community to create truly engagement. 3. The way of thinking and strategic following approach to PPRC effectiveness derived that: 3.1) The ways of Thinking on People Orientation such as close to be encouraged, People in their own community are expert. Focus on quality more than quantity. 3.2) The ways of Thinking on Police Orientation such as Police cannot prevent all crime, Determination commitment to find opportunities to take care and enhance safety and security in community, Work thinking approach focusing on proactive rather than reactive by the police is required to explore the problem of crime in the area. 3.3) The ways of Thinking on Purpose Orientation such as not judge only the surface social phenomena but also need to understanding history, socio- cultural, lifestyle and psychology in community, police working implementation based on 3 C strategy compose of Coaching, Caring and Controlling. This research innovation was used as a policy at the provincial police and the police stations, and employed as corporate policies of state-run educational institutions, and ongoing operations, even after the end of the research.

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Panel 7

(13.30-15.00)

Correction, community correction, and Restorative Justice


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The Effect of Importation and Deprivation Factors on Juvenile Offenders’ Institutional Misconduct: A Taiwanese Perspective

Yung-Lien Lai, Ph.D. Department of Crime Prevention and Corrections, Central Police University

Taoyuan, Taiwan 33304 886-3-3282321#4765

Email Address: [email protected]

Although an extensive body of research exists on the institutional misconduct of adult inmates, relatively few studies have examined the institutional misconduct, specifically violence misconduct, among juvenile offenders. This study draws on theories of importation and deprivation and relies upon self-reported survey data collected in January and February of 2015 from 1,045 adjudicated juvenile offenders housed in 4 Taiwanese juvenile correctional facilities. Results drawn from Multinomial logistic regressions indicated that both importation and deprivation factors produce significant impacts on juvenile violent misconduct. Among the importation factors investigated, gang membership, volatile temper, and pre-incarceration victimization are significantly associated with violent misconduct. In regard to deprivation factors, longer term of incarceration, higher levels of imprisonment stress, and victimization while incarcerated dramatically increased the levels of violent misconduct, as expected. On the positive side, ongoing support from family and good staff relations significantly reduced the probability of engaging in violent behaviors while incarcerated. Correctional policy implications are discussed in some detail. Keywords: institutional misconduct; importation; deprivation; juvenile offenders; adaptation; family support; violent behaviors

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Jails and Prisons: The role of purposive and inadvertent policies and practices on social control

Judith A. Harris, Ph.D. University of Houston Downtown

Kingsley Ejiogu, Ph.D. University of Maryland Eastern Shore

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the extent to which race influences racial disparities in the prison population, and the point where class and gender intersect with race in explaining these disparities in the United States. While it has been argued that prisons are the best form of social control, this study posits that social control is woven through every stage of the criminal justice system. The study uses discursive accounts, and longitudinal pretrial services records in Harris County’s (Houston, Texas) jail/prison system to explain the role of purposive and inadvertent policies and practices in creating these disproportionalities. The study accounts for these disproportionalities as a process of endemic institutionalization of the informal and inadvertent culture of racism. The study advocates the need for more gender-specific research in arrest criteria, bail decisions, sentencing, and incarceration.


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The implementation of Bangkok Rules in Thai correctional facilities

Srisombat Chokprajakchat, Ph.D. Associate Professor in Criminology, Justice Administration and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University This research was to assess three women’s prisons, which implemented Bangkok Rules. Three women prisons, including Chonburi Women Correction, Samut Songkhram Central Prison, Thanyaburi Women Correctional Institution for Drug Addicts, were units of analysis. The research methods used qualitative data collection, including in-depth interviews, observation and documents. It also used an evaluation form developed from Penal Reform International. The criteria of the implementation of Bangkok Rules were 153 items within 9 sections. It was found that three women prisons have been in compliance with Bangkok Rules, and clearly performs various tasks efficiently. Proper environment and physical characteristics make the prison inmates happy and well-behaved.

Keywords: Bangkok Rules, Thai, correctional facilities

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Vulnerable and Invisible: Foreign National Women’s Experience of Imprisonment in Cambodia

Min Jee Yamada Park Research Officer, Implementation of the Bangkok Rules and Treatment of Offenders Programme

at the Thailand Institute of Justice, Bangkok, Thailand Telephone number: +662 118 9400 ext. 490


Prison as an institution creates a particular subculture with certain norms and rules that subsume and condition the lives of prisoners in a vulnerable setting. However, not all prisoners are equally positioned in terms of their vulnerability to the hardship that accompany prison life. There is a disproportionate level of vulnerability faced by specific minority groups such as foreign nationals, ethnic minorities, juveniles, and elderly prisoners. Partially because they are often only a small proportion of the prison population, their experiences are invisible and their voices are unheard. As the first of its research series on the Vulnerable Groups in Prison, this particular study explores the foreign national women’s experience of imprisonment in Cambodia. The research is designed around and guided by the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (Bangkok Rules) and other relevant international standards in navigating the various dimensions of challenges foreign nationals face in Cambodian prisons and in identifying contributing factors to those challenges. With its result, this study will not only mend the existing knowledge gaps on the special needs of minority groups but also help inform the policy makers on the treatment of the foreign national female prisoners. Keywords: Women; Prison; Foreign national; Special needs; Cambodia


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Panel 8

(15.15-16.30)

Correction, community correction, and Restorative Justice

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Thai Women’s Pathways to Prison in Cambodia for Drug Trafficking Chontit Chuenurah

Chief of the Implementation of the Bangkok Rules and Treatment of Offenders Programme at the Thailand Institute of Justice, Bangkok, Thailand

Telephone number: +662 118 9400 ext. 465 Email Address: [email protected]

By understanding criminalised women’s life histories, feminist pathways scholars have impacted on the advancement of criminological theory, as well as gender specific policy and practice, to better meet the needs of women in the criminal justice system. There is an extensive body of Western research exploring women’s pathways to prison. These studies show that the lives of convicted women are typically characterised by extensive childhood and/or adulthood victimisation, mental ill health (including drug abuse), male influence/control and economic marginalisation. Feminist pathways research has only more recently been conducted in non-Western societal contexts. Although cultural variations exist, results are partially consistent with the Western research; victimisation, relationships with men and economic marginalisation are crucial in women’s pathways to prison. Non-Western feminist pathways research is nevertheless sparse. Further, studies conducted with women drug traffickers are limited in theoretical breadth, number and scope e.g. research is only undertaken with women imprisoned in Europe or the Americas. Using life history interviews with Thai foreign national women imprisoned in Cambodia for drug trafficking, this paper uses a narrative approach to explore the circumstances and criminal justice experiences propelling them down a pathway to prison. This study is important because it not only extends the feminist pathways perspective beyond Western cultural contexts, it also broadens understandings of female drug traffickers outside of Europe and the Americas. Results revealed an interconnectedness of vulnerabilities (individual, relational, social) and life events that impelled women to prison. These vulnerabilities coalesced under four different pathways: 1) the criminogenic pathway, 2) the romantic susceptibility pathway, 3) the domestic violence pathway, 4) the self-indulgent pathway.

Keywords: Women; Prison; Feminist Pathways; Drug Trafficking


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Non-custodial Measures: Good Practices and Challenges in Thailand

Wisoot Chanthadansuwan Research Officer, Implementation of the Bangkok Rules and Treatment of Offenders Programme

at the Thailand Institute of Justice, Bangkok, Thailand Telephone number: +662 118 9400 ext. 455


While prison populations around the world are increasing, Thailand has the sixth highest prison population in the world. With highest incarceration rates in the ASEAN region, the problem of prison overcrowding is inevitable. In responding to this problem, non-custodial alternatives were introduced and used in all stages of the criminal justice process. Although Thailand is one of the leading countries in the field of offender treatment research among the ASEAN countries and non-custodial measures are widely implemented in the country, several challenges in the implementation of non-custodial measures still remain. The persistence of prison overcrowding problem indicates the needs of research to evaluate the effectiveness and identify gaps in the implementation of non-custodial measures in Thailand. This study will provide a comprehensive overview of existing non-custodial measures used at various stages of the criminal justice systems in Thailand such as pre-trial, sentencing, and post-sentencing stage, which based on the implementation of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules). It will also explore detailed information on conditions and circumstances in which these non-custodial measures can be implemented, including measures for specific types of offenders such as women offenders and drug offenders. Through this study, good practices and key challenges of relevant criminal justice agencies can be identified and analyzed. Moreover, policy recommendations can be made to serve as a foundation for future development of effective non-custodial measures and probation services in Thailand. Keywords: Non-custodial Measures; Tokyo Rules; Alternative to Imprisonment; Probation

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A Qualitative Analysis of Adaptation to Imprisonment among Female Inmates in Taiwan

Michelle (Tzu-Ying) Lo and Yu-Shu Chen Investigator, Economic Crimes Division, Criminal Investigation Bureau,

National Police Agency in Taiwan Email Address: [email protected]

This study utilized qualitative methods to investigate how female inmates adapt to prison life. In-depth interviews were employed to collect information from 12 purposively selected female inmates in Taiwan. According to the findings, we try to create a process model of women’s adaptation to imprisonment by not only combining the deprivation and importation models but also integrating the concepts of social support and coping strategies. Through this process model, the incarceration experience of female inmates can be presented more clearly and completely. Implications of the findings for correctional policies are also discussed. Keywords: female inmate, importation model, deprivation model, social support, adaptation to imprisonment


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Panel 9

(13.30-15.00)

Criminal justice and good governance

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A case study of Law Enforcement and Community Development in a tourist destination inside a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Andre de Vries Email Address: [email protected]

Nantira Pookhao, Ph.D.

Department of Hotel and Tourism Studies School of Liberal Arts, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand


Most research on ecological development and preservation in communities close to or inside protected areas in Thailand omits the inclusion of long term unbiased law enforcement to reach sustainable goals. Establishing long term commitment and participation of communities in preservation requires that relevant environmental laws are transparent and enforced in a non-arbitrary manner. Strict enforcement of these laws, which is sometimes lacking, is essential if these are to succeed. A case study of the World Heritage Site Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex (DPYKY-FC), in particular the part known as Thap Lan National Park, is presented. Given that this area has become a popular tourist destination, the practice on ground can be demonstrated as an example of ineffective governance and community policing not or not adequately addressing forest invasions and other illegal activities which are threatening the Outstanding Universal Value and therefor the inscription of the area as a World Heritage Site. This article is trying to understand the influence of the administrative arrangements and enforcement policies guiding and directing the decision to enforce. Keywords: Environmental law; enforcement policy; protected areas in Thailand; sustainable tourism; good governance; community policing


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Green Collar Crime

Jomdet Trimek, Ph.D. 588/53 Chalermprakiat r.9 street Pravet Bangkok, Rangsit University


Pacharin Sumsiripong 30/5 Moo 2 Lumpakkud Thanyaburi Pathum Thani , Gamma Interplast Ltd.


White collar crime is the crime whereby the perpetrators is in a position of power, but instead abuse their position or power in order to seek illicit benefits for themselves or their associates. This academic article will focus on certain instances of white collar crime in Thailand committed by the military, which will thenceforth be known as the “green collar crime”. This type of crime share similar definitions to white collar crime, but it is the crime committed by abusing military powers granted via that person’s rank. It can also be defined as the abuse of political power by soldiers who also serve as politicians. This article will elaborate on four types of offences: 1( The installation of relatives or acquaintances into military positions by unlawful means. 2) Former military commanders who remain in state residence despite having lost such right 3) The use of recruits in private affairs and 4) corruption during the procurement process. These four forms of corruption exist as long as the military itself, but the agency responsible for tackling corruption, the press, or even the general public dare not to intervene as they are fearful of the military’s influence, which itself is unlike the powers wielded by white collar criminals in the west. That is, the military can currently rely on exercising special power as stipulated in the constitution to call upon those deemed hostile to the state to undergo “attitude adjustment”. These are all the bahaviours of green collar criminals in Thailand.

Keywords: White collar crime; Military powers, Thailand

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Good Governance and Contemporary Policing

S. Krishnamurthy, Ph.D.

Indian Police Service Email Address: [email protected]

Good Governance is critical to the future of the mankind and each and every nation has to work its way to reach good standards in that effort. In the total range of governance, many goals are sought for ensuring progress and development and various objects are in pursuit and the very edifice of governance is dependent on peace and order within the realm. Crime has been a major challenge to humanity and with the steep changes coming in the diverse areas of means of communication and technology, threats to peace are emanating from every side, impaling seriously the effort to seek a just, humane and orderly society. As most societies are slowly becoming cross-cultural and multi-racial and multi-religious entities, the poser of crime calls for varied ways of dealing with crime. It is no longer the mere traditional crimes, which is more or less common in all parts of the world, newer crimes like Terrorism, Trafficking of all kinds, Organized Crimes, Cyber Crimes and so on have been escalating at an unprecedented manner, debilitating the very effectiveness of penal laws. As lawlessness and crimes have started to strangulate the very ethos of human societies, peace and progress have been seriously threatened and there is a lurking fear in the minds of a vast majority of people of the world that Criminals and the lawless roam free while the law-abiding have to hide to save themselves from the former. This unwholesome scenario has to change if we aspire for a worthy future and it is in that perspective, there is a need to note the clearly obvious reality that law abiding people will have to put their might together to bring sanity and order. Various efforts are needed in this regard by many. AAPS has been a very active ensemble of professionals and experts in various areas related to Police professional aspects inclusive of various areas of law making, law enforcement and legal adjudication. As it is obvious that only concerted and united efforts of the people and nations of the world can stir the globe out of the syndrome of helplessness in dealing with the most glaring peril to human progress, some concrete steps can be ventured by AAPS to pioneer various studies to seek better answers to the numerous facets of challenge of crime. Keywords: Policing, Governance and Justice, Multicultural societies


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“Noble Spirit” of Police

Zhuo Chen

Associate Professor and Dean of Teaching-Research Section of Moral Education, Department of Social Sciences, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310053.


Sheng Lu Undergraduate of Sam Houston State University. Bachelor of Laws, Zhejiang Police

College. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310053 Email address: [email protected]

“Noble spirit” is the essence of modern police roles. Noble spirit of police contains three aspects: cultural refinement, social responsibility and free souls. Cultural refinement is mainly expressed in civilized and standard law enforcement. Social responsibility emphasizes that the police should have the ability of serving society and takes the responsibility given by laws. Free souls underline the nature of the police is protecting the freedom of citizens, and the rule of law is reflected by free wills.

Keywords: Noble spirit, police role, cultural refinement, social responsibility, free souls

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Panel 10

(15.15-16.30)

Criminal justice and good governance


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Police misconduct in Taiwan: comparing perceptions of the police and electronic gaming service workers

Kuo, Shih-Ya, Ph.D. The University of Macau

E-21, 3020 University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China Email Address: [email protected]

This study investigated the perceptions of police corruption through a survey of police officers and electronic gaming service workers (referred to businessmen) in Taiwan. A total of 297 police officers and 268 gaming workers in Taiwan participated in the survey-based study in which subjects were asked to state their views on the prevalence and likelihood of reporting of nine hypothetical police misconduct cases. The results were consistent with prior research indicating that both police and gaming workers rated some of the nine scenarios as more serious than others. Compared to gaming workers, police officers were more likely to rate the vignettes as examples of serious police misconduct, and to opine that violators should (and most likely would) be disciplined by their respective agencies. Overall, however, the police were less likely than gaming workers to report such police misconduct to higher authorities. Keywords: police misconduct; Taiwan; police corruption

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Community Mediation as an Alternative to Police Response to Citizen Disputes: Problems and Promise

Christopher M Sedelmaier, Ph.D. University of New Haven

John DeCarlo, Ph.D. University of New Haven

Donna Decker Morris, Ph.D. University of New Haven

From 2013-2015, the Branford CT (USA) Department of Police Services partnered with Community Mediation, Inc. to offer dispute mediation services in cases where police intervention was repeatedly requested but failed to resolve the underlying disagreement. The rationale behind the project was that neighbor disputes are often over matters that the police are ill-equipped to resolve. Referring such cases to mediation by mutual assent of the parties involved was viewed as a method to both resolve the disagreement and relieve demand for police services. The following paper outlines the structure of the project, the challenges faced during implementation and execution, and the lessons learned from the two-year program.


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Comparative Study on Professional Associations’ Roles in Policing’s Professionalism and Local Horizontal Policing Collaboration in USA and in China

Jie Qian, Ph.D.

Associate Professor in management, deputy director of the research centre of police higher education development, Jiangsu Police Institute, China.

Phone: 86-13851948769(China) Email Address: [email protected] or [email protected]

This study examined the relationship between professional associations and local horizontal policing collaboration to see if professional associations play an important role in local horizontal policing collaboration. Moreover, the wide differences were found in the roles of professional associations in policing in the USA and in China. The development’s defects of China’s professional associations and those of civil society can be brought out by the illustration of China’s local Police Association. The results indicate that professional associations’ professionalization and full authorization is the first step to promote local horizontal policing collaboration. Only when relative independence and a voluntary system in safety are set can professional associations promote the development of civil society and horizontal policing collaborations. Limitations and direction for future research are provided. Keywords: Professional associations; Local Policing; Collaboration; Governance

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Panel 11 (13.30-15.00)

Criminal Justice


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The Development of the Measures of Gun Control

Anchistha Suriyavorapunt, Ph.D. candidate in Criminology, Justice Administration and Society

Mahidol University

The objectives of this study were (1) to conduct the problems and conditions of gun control measurement in Thailand (2) to comparing on the measure of gun control measurement in The United State, Japan and Germany and (3) to develop the measure of gun control in Thailand The sample were divided into 2 groups:, 300 policemen from Royal Thai Police and 300 government officers from Ministry of Interior. The research instrumental are (1) Semi-structure interview (2) mail survey-questionnaire and data were analyzed using t-test to compare the different independent variable. The research results would be useful for: (1) The situation of problems and conditions of gun control measurement in Thailand. (2) The guidance of gun control measurement from The United State, Japan and Germany and (3) the effective of the development of gun control measurement in Thailand that including 3 measures as following: (3.1) Law enforcement (3.2) Gun register & data analyzed (3.3) Trace and tracing

Keywords: The development; Gun control; Gun register; Gun measurement

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Application of the Philosophy of Criminology and Penology as a Criterion for Suspended Imposition of Sentence of Thai Court

Chulachadang Swasdiyakorn Vivatvanich, Ph.D. candidate in Criminology, Justice Administration and Society

Mahidol University

The investigation of the concept of criminological philosophy and penology was to help stipulate the criteria of the punishment suspension measures in the Criminal Code, Section 56 for substantial application. A documentary research and in-depth interview were conducted with the judges working for 10 years and above in the Trial Court, the Appeals Court, and the Supreme Court. The results revealed that the sentence stipulated was be appropriate for the offense and the offenders. The suspension was a measure the court could decide to impose on some types of offense and for the offenders appropriate to their conditions and their individuality in each case. This was to provide opportunity for the offenders to turn to be good citizens, without criminal records and to deter short-term imprisonment. Most judges, on the contrary, never applied the punishment suspension measures in their judgments, but imposed the reprieve. Rationally, most judges reflected on the penalty account and viewed that it was adequate that the punishment stipulated needed to follow the penalty account and the laws while disregarding other facts such as the defendant’s historical records, gravity, and the damages caused by the offense. The judges might also fear that if the penalty account had not been followed, they would be blamed by not aligning with the penalty account; it was then inferred as a corruption of their judgment. Consequently, the judges had to adhere to the penalty account as the principle of judgment in order to protect themselves and ignored to find some facts to complement their judgment in the punishment stipulation. There should be the standard criteria to enable the judges to impose the punishment suspension measures in their judgments through using the concept of criminological philosophy and penology as guides for the substantial stipulation. The recommendations from the study were; it was necessary to stipulate the criteria of penalty account because each punishment stipulated, the judges had to reflect the circumstances as case-by-case. Although some cases had the similar offense however their elements might differ among the offenders, the victims, and their causes. However, offenses should be stipulated in the rate of the penalty account so that the courts could, in the same direction, impose the punishment suspension measures and meet the rule of law. It would be useful to the justice administration and society. The knowledge and the concept of penology theory should be promoted among the judges who were the practitioners and the direct imposers of the punishment over the offenders but they might misunderstand its principles to rehabilitate offenders.

Keywords: Criminology; Thai Court


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Criminal Liability for Petitioning for the Debtor's Business Reorganization in Bad Faith

Puttipong Huntopap Provincial Public Prosecutor attached to the Office of the Attorney General

Office of the Attorney General, Rajaburi Direkriddhi Building, Government Complex, 120 Moo 3, Chaeng Watthana Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand

This research was to investigate the problems of the criminal liability for petitioning for the debtor's business reorganization in bad faith and to explore concepts, theories, jurisprudence and inclination of court judgment in Thailand and abroad about the criminal liability for petitioning for the debtor's business reorganization in bad faith .Criminal liability of the business reorganisation was the offence stipulated in the Bankruptcy Act 1940 enacted to punish individual guilty of the business reorganisation . This research used qualitative approaches, data were collected by using documents and in-depth interviews with participants. For the findings, it was found that debtors having acted in bad faith to filed a petition with the Court for the business reorganization .Therefore, the legal measures relating to criminal liability for petitioning for the debtor's business reorganization in bad faith should be improved for enforcement and case trial regardhe liability for damages resulting from a violation for petitioning with the Court for the business reorganization. Keywords: Criminal Liability; Petition; Business Reorganisation

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Criminal Liability for Petitioning for the Debtor's Business Reorganization in Bad Faith

Puttipong Huntopap Provincial Public Prosecutor attached to the Office of the Attorney General

Office of the Attorney General, Rajaburi Direkriddhi Building, Government Complex, 120 Moo 3, Chaeng Watthana Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand

This research was to investigate the problems of the criminal liability for petitioning for the debtor's business reorganization in bad faith and to explore concepts, theories, jurisprudence and inclination of court judgment in Thailand and abroad about the criminal liability for petitioning for the debtor's business reorganization in bad faith .Criminal liability of the business reorganisation was the offence stipulated in the Bankruptcy Act 1940 enacted to punish individual guilty of the business reorganisation . This research used qualitative approaches, data were collected by using documents and in-depth interviews with participants. For the findings, it was found that debtors having acted in bad faith to filed a petition with the Court for the business reorganization .Therefore, the legal measures relating to criminal liability for petitioning for the debtor's business reorganization in bad faith should be improved for enforcement and case trial regardhe liability for damages resulting from a violation for petitioning with the Court for the business reorganization. Keywords: Criminal Liability; Petition; Business Reorganisation

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Football Gambling Addiction of Thai University Students in Bangkok and vicinity

Kanittha Lerdbunchardwong Department of ASEAN Institute for Health, Mahidol University


Tanansak Borwornnuntakul, Ph.D. Assistant Professor in Criminology, Justice Administration and Society, Department of

Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University

The objectives of this study were to investigate the behavior and level of football gambling addiction of Thai university students in Bangkok and its vicinity as well as delineate the factors affecting such gambling. 400 private and public university students in Bangkok and its vicinity were the sample. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program and the results can be summarized as follows: 1. In terms of personal background, most of the participants were male, 2nd year students currently studying in social sciences fields with GPA. 2.50 to 3.00 and parents still together, total family income per month was 1 -3 thousand baht. Making money for financial purposes and personal interest were the reasons for gambling. Approaching information needed from TV media (i.e. sporting content programs) rules and regulations in football gambling were strictly followed at the places where we were assigned to. The participants perceived and accessed the places of football gambling by introductions from peers as escorts initially. 2. In football gambling behavior, addiction and the general process of managing effects from football gambling, the participants ranged poorly in all aspects. Related factors to football gambling addiction were low depending on returnable profits, football gambling addiction, managing the effects and process in developing football gambling, respectively. Participants believed that losing in football gambling was on impermanent condition and they were definitely confident in winning the game some time. 3. Related factors to football gambling were: sex, age, peers, level of education including fields of study, academic year, family income, marital status of parents, reasons for football gambling and access to of football gambling places. 4. Recommendations from this study were any form of strict punishment for the students who are involved in football gambling at by universities, and promoting sports together with providing programs to inform them about the negative impacts of football gambling continually. Moreover, comparative studies with other educational institutes recommended, including qualitative studies would also be useful.

Keywords: Football Gambling Addiction, Thai University Student, Bangkok and Vicinity


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Panel 12 (15.15-16.30)

Criminal Justice

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The Studies for Guideline Protection of Public Procurement Corruption in Thailand

Kitivichaya Watcharothai Ph.D. candidate in Criminology Justice Administration and Society

Mahidol University E-mail address: [email protected]

The study is focus on proposing the guideline protection of public procurement corruption in Thailand. The formation of strategies and preventive measure for public procurement corruption is an essential element in economic crime prevention. As the public procurement corruption has provided more vigorous effect into Thailand’s social, economic and political context, the prevention of public procurement fraud is required and awareness of risk of public procurement corruption should be concerned, as well as its indicator. In this context, The public procurement corruption prevention is mainly specified under the case of relating public procurement corruption under the Regulations of the Office of Prime Minister on Procurement B.E. 2535 (1992), Regulation of the Office of Prime Minister on E-Procurement B.E. 2549 (2006) and Public Procurement Act B.E.2560 (2017). To efficiently formulate the strategies and preventive measure of public procurement corruption, the researcher has been emphasize on the sustainable and long-term public procurement corruption prevention perspectives. In this study, the researcher has been focus on the model of public procurement corruption prevention, concentrating on the cooperation and integration of every actors within public procurement process, especially the government officers, public procurement officers, private organizations and related NGOs. The scope of prevention is ranged from the initial to final stage of public procurement process. The analysis of measure of public procurement corruption prevention in other countries is also used in order to make a comparison and to apply the efficient preventive measures that can be adapt to Thailand’s specific condition. Finding and evidence of well-known public procurement corruption case would be used as a guideline to improve the possibility, associated risk, and commitment of public procurement corruption. The study would leads to the long-term oriented solution of public procurement corruption prevention, which considered to be sustainable measurement of public procurement corruption prevention in Thailand. The objectives of this study were 1) To study and examine the situation and related problems resulted in public procurement corruption, including its effects and consequences in the case of well- known public procurement corruption. 2) To study the methods and crime pattern of public procurement corruption, as well as understanding the public procurement fraud offenders, including its motivation and opportunities in public procurement corruption commitment. 3) To analyze the gap in law of Public Procurement Act B.E.2560 (2017). 4) To propose and formulate guideline protection of public procurement corruption in Thailand that is suitable and directly response to the specific conditions of Thailand’s economic, social and political situation, , and to improve the existing strategies in order to efficiently counter and eliminate the case of public procurement corruption in Thailand. To conduct the research, qualitative approach has been used and its methodologies are documentary research and in-depth interview. The researcher specifies population in this investigation by classified related informants into 5 categories, which are government


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representatives, public procurement officers, awarded bidder, public procurement specialists and public representatives. The purposive data sampling has been used, which total sample size is 30 persons. The main research instrument in this study is the in-depth interview. The questions types contain both opened-end and closed end questions. And structural interviewing guidelines has been used to scope the questions according to research’s objectives and literature review in order to analyze the main problems and findings from an interview. The expected benefit of this research were 1) To know the situation and related problems resulted in public procurement corruption ,including its effects and consequences in the case of well- known public procurement corruption. 2) To identify the methods and crime pattern of public procurement corruption and its offenders. 3) To know the gap in law of Public Procurement Act B.E.2560 (2017). 4) To use as a guideline and countermeasure for public procurement corruption prevention, which this could further enhance and encourage public procurement corruption prevention. And all existing organization including public , private and non-government organization would then aligned its policy and mission towards the importance of public procurement corruption prevention.

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The Possibility for Using Electronic Monitoring with Drug Offence Prisoners of Department of Corrections

Ekarat Supchokpul

Ph.D. candidate in Criminology Justice Administration and Society Mahidol University

E-mail address: [email protected]

This research aims to study the barriers to the implementation of prison control and rehabilitation of department of corrections. Study international measures or forms of electronic monitoring for drug prisoner. Study possibility and confidence in the use of electronic monitoring with drug prisoner and the determination of groups or conditions to use electronic monitoring to control drug prisoner of the department of corrections. This research is a mixture of qualitative research and quantitative research. The qualitative research, data was collected by in-depth interviews with eleven experts in the justice process, eight drug offenders for first offense and penalty not to exceed 5 years and four stakeholders in the community. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the research objectives. Data from the qualitative research were used to create a questionnaire for data collection with corrections officers and inmates of narcotics cases. A total of 400 people were analyzed for statistical analysis. Statistic data analysis was used by describing in line with the research objectives.


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Developing Metropolitan Police Emergency Call

Tunlawat Narongsak Ph.D. candidate in Criminology Justice Administration and Society


The objectives of research for Developing of Metropolitan Police Emergency Call are problems and obstacles of metropolitan police emergency call, good foreign model for metropolitan police emergency call and patrol planning, and the best model for metropolitan police emergency call and channel of emergency report. In this research, I study by using mix methodology which are quantitative method and qualitative method. I random police officer sampling 500 units and victim sampling 100 units for quantitative method. I interview senior police officer 12 units. As a result of the research, there are many problems and obstacles. For example, metropolitan police emergency call technology systems are outdated that result in fail operation. Buildings and Facility are not suitable for work and operation. People are lack of knowledge, law and police tactics. Police officers who take an operation are a shortage budget for acquiring tool and equipment for effective action. A victim or injured person can call for police, ambulance and fire truck in foreign police emergency call without charge. Therefore, we should integrate an emergency call in one center in the name of “National Police Emergency Call Center” for the best effective of metropolitan police emergency call. Moreover, metropolitan police center should bring other project such as Miracle Eyes, Police I lert you and complain via Social Media.

Keywords: Developing of Police Emergency Call; Suitable Model for Police Emergency Call; National Police Emergency Call Center

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An Evaluation on project of crime zero community: The Provincial police region 7 through CIPP Model

Bhakin Sivamethakul

Master candidate in Criminology Justice Administration and Society Mahidol University


The objective of this study was to assess the Crime Zero Community project of the 7 th police provincial region through CIPP model. Two hundred and eight policemen who worked as operation officers in such project were the samples. Questionnaire was a tool for data collecting. The collected data were delineated through mean and standard deviation (S.D.) including Chi- square through SPSS for Windows. The results of this study showed that most of samples were male, forty-six years of age, bachelor degree, non-commissioned officers and had work experience/practice for more than 20 years. They were married and got average income of 1 5 , 0 0 0 baht per month. Furthermore the overall aspect on the context or environmental were at the most appropriate level, productivity and sustainability aspects of the project were at high level and process was at moderate level. The results found that sex, education level, position, income, marital status, number of police station improvement project ever performed, and communications between the teams were associated with the levels of the project operation. On the other hand, age and work experience had no significant relationship to the level of project execution.

The study recommended that coordination with other units should be improved, allocation of project budget and the number of personnel should be increased appropriately, promotion and development welfare and benefits and recognition of the participation of the police officers, public relations and action network must be considered. A comparative study on the similar projects to set up the roadmap operations, and qualitative research must be conducted.

Keywords: Project Evaluation; CIPP Model; Crime Zero Community Project


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Emotional Quotient of the Recidivism Inmate in the Bangkok Remand Prison

Pattra Jaroensit Master candidate in Criminology Justice Administration and Society


The objectives of the study were to examine level of Emotional Quotient of the recidivist inmate in Bangkok Remand Prison, delineate the relationship between personality and Emotional Quotient included investigate factors related with Emotional Quotient of such recidivist inmate. The quantitative research through survey conducting was a core method. Two hundred and sixty five recidivist inmate in Bangkok Remand Prison who had offended more than three times were the sample. Questionnaire was a tool in data collecting. The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, T-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation.

The results had revealed as follows;

1. Level of Emotional Quotient of the sample recidivist inmate were at high score in all dimensions as well as the personality had related positively with level of Emotional Quotient. Needless to say, the personality on social adjusting was the highest aspect and also related at the highest level with Emotional Quotient of the recidivist inmate obviously.

2. As for a comparative study between the recidivist inmate who had different in used and never used drug addict, it was found the significant different Emotional Quotient. That is to say, those recidivist inmate who had never consumed illegal drug had reflected high level of Emotional Quotient as statistical significant statistically significant at 0.05. As while the recidivist inmate who had different types of offending, in particular in violent crime, had also reflected different Emotional Quotient as statistically significant at 0.05.

3. Recommendations for this study are that the prison had to set up the special program for develop Emotional Quotient, improve activities and recreations for awareness making on merit, management on Emotional Quotient rehabilitation of the violent case and further research on social factors effected on the recidivist criminal activities.

Keywords: Emotional Quotient; the recidivist inmate; Bangkok Remand Prison

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Documents

2017 - The AAPS · 2017-07-29 · 18 th 26 29 th 2017 3 3 3 AAPS 2017 Conference Venue Plenary Sessions will be held in the Auditorium Room A407, 4th Floor, College of Music, Mahidol