2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) · The Council currently has three Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) which were declared in between 10 and 13 years ago where the air

Bolsover District Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management April 2017



Local Authority Officer

Sharon Gillott Environmental Health Manager

Department Joint Environmental Health Service

Address

Bolsover District and North East Derbyshire District Councils District Council Offices 2013 Mill Lane Wingerworth Chesterfield S42 6NG

Telephone 01246 217848

e-mail [email protected]

Date April 2017



Derbyshire County Council; Endorsement from the Director of Public Health

Derbyshire County Council is committed to working with partners to improve health

and wellbeing for the residents of Derbyshire.

Air quality is a significant determinant of health, and is a substantial risk factor in the

mortality and morbidity of the local population. Whilst air pollution is not a new

problem, unlike the visible smog’s of the 1950s, modern day outdoor air pollution is

largely invisible and yet continues to have a significant impact on health. Although

the impact of air pollution affects the whole population, its impact is disproportionately

borne by the young, older people, those with underlying health conditions and the

most disadvantaged within our communities.

The Annual Status Report provides an important mechanism for identifying areas of

concern in terms of poor air quality, and supporting joint strategic action. Through

the collaborative working of agencies this ensures focus and action in those areas of

highest risk, and supports wider population improvements in air quality and

wellbeing.

Dean Wallace Director of Public Health Derbyshire County Council April 2017


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 i

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area

Bolsover District Council is the authority responsible for monitoring and assessing air

quality in its area. However, the implementation of many of the measurers that will

bring about improvements in air quality are controlled by other organisations such as

the Highways Agency and Derbyshire County Council. Derbyshire County Council

now also has responsibilities relating to public health in the county. Collaborative

working is therefore essential in order to address local air quality. In preparing this

report Bolsover District council has consulted with the County Council’s Senior Public

Health Manager with responsibilities for air quality, who has direct links with relevant

county council functions.

This document reports the results of air pollution monitoring undertaken by the

Council for 2016. The Council currently has three Air Quality Management Areas

(AQMAs) which were declared in between 10 and 13 years ago where the air quality

has previously been determined as exceeding the concentration for annual mean

nitrogen dioxide Air Quality Objective.

The AQMAs relate to road traffic emissions from the M1 motorway, slip roads and

access roads. The motorway runs in a north – south direction through the district at

around Junctions 28 and 30. The data shows that for the year covered by this report

there were no exceedences of this Objective. From the Council’s monitoring, there

has been no exceedence of the annual mean Air Quality Objective in any of the

AQMAs since 2012. It is therefore recommended that the Council commences

the procedure for revoking the AQMAs by undertaking a detailed assessment

at the earliest opportunity. The reason that this decision has been delayed until

now is two-fold. Firstly to ensure that the apparent reduction was not just because of

year on year variations due to meteorological factors and, secondly, not because the

motorway has, for at least 18 months prior to April 2016, been subjected to extensive

road works involving 50mph speed limits and lane closures as it has been converted

to a 4-lane smart motorway. It was therefore recommended that this decision was

delayed until there is at least one full year’s data since the opening of the smart

motorway to ensure that the road works and reduced speed limits have not artificially

reduced the nitrogen dioxide concentration over that period. This does not however

appear to be the case.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 ii

As part of the review of the monitoring locations at the end of 2015, a new site was

established at the junction of Barlborough Rd / Cresswell Rd / Rotherham Road and

North Street, Clowne. This is a traffic light controlled junction and is known to have

frequent queues of traffic at busy periods. There are also dwellings in very close

proximity to the carriageway. The annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration for

2016 at the newly created site (Tube Ref 29) was found to be 39µg/m3, which is

extremely close to the 40µg/m3 Air Quality Objective. It is recommended that

additional monitoring locations are set up at other dwellings around the junction to

determine whether any further action is required. This will be undertaken for at least

6 months between July and December 2017 (to include 3 summer months and 3

winter months). This additional information will determine what further action, if any,

the Council should take.

Section 2 of the report sets out the actions the Council and partner organisations

have taken or are taking to improve air quality in the area.

The Annual report includes a section on the effects that very small particles called

PM2.5 have on public health (Section 2.3). These particles can be suspended in the

air for long periods of time and can travel great distances. These particles can lodge

deep in the lungs and pass into the bloodstream and have been attributed to causing

premature mortality, allergic reactions and cardiovascular disease.

It is important that air quality is not just considered as a local problem as it

transcends the Council boundaries. Officers of the Environmental Protection team of

Environmental Health have been actively participating in and contributing to the

recently established Derbyshire County and City Air Quality Working Group which

comprises officers from a number of relevant disciplines at County Council, District

councils and the voluntary sector whose policies, decisions and actions can bring

about improvements in air quality. The Group, led by the Public Health Directorate of

Derbyshire County Council links to the Derbyshire Chief Regulators Group, The East

Midlands Air Quality Group and Public Health England.

Air Quality in Bolsover District Council

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised

as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air

pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people,


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 iii

and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with

equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent

areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK

is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Bolsover District Council has a long industrial history centred principally around

mineral extraction such as coal mining (deep mines and opencast) and limestone

extraction. These core industries had extensive supporting industries such as

engineering and coal carbonisation / chemical works. These have been in decline for

a number of decades leaving a legacy of environmental issues such as land

contamination, which is now being remediated and redeveloped.

A map of the area showing the main villages and transport infrastructure is shown at

Figure 1.1.

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010

2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006

3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 iv

Figure 1.1 Map of the Bolsover District Council area

The M1 motorway runes through the length of the district in a north – south direction

with the junctions 28 and 30 being in the Council’s area. These junctions are now

the major focus for air quality management in the District which has resulted in the

declaration of three air Quality Management Areas (AQMSs), one in South

Normanton around Junction 28 and two in Barlborough close to Junction 30.

Details of these can be found at http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/list

The extent of the Air Quality Management Area is shown in Figures 1.2 to 1.4.

http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/list


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 v

Figure 1.2 South Normanton Air Quality Management Area, Carter Lane East


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 vi

Figure 1.3 Barlborough No1 Air Quality Management Area,

Orchard Close, Barlborough


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 vii

Figure 1.4 Barlborough No 2 Air Quality Management Area

14 Chesterfield Rd


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 viii

The area has a heavy industrial past, particularly minerals extraction (coal mining

and limestone quarrying) which historically saw high proportions of coal being used

in domestic heating exacerbated by the miners’ concessionary fuel allowances. Due

to the impact of extensive coal burning on air quality, the district Council (after being

granted a 10 derogation on complying with the then EU Air Quality limits for smoke

and sulphur dioxide) completed 100% coverage with Smoke Control Areas in the

1990s. The Council is aware that there have been new housing development in the

district since that time and also in recent years the popularity of domestic biomass

heating (wood burners) and the potential effects of this are kept under review through

the Air Quality screening process and, for biomass fuel use on a larger scale, through

the development control regime.

Between 2015 and 2016 the M1 motorway has been converted into a 4-lane smart

motorway. After noting a significant reduction in annual mean nitrogen dioxide

concentrations at all three AQMAs since 2012, the Council delayed acting on this in

order that there was some certainly that it is a genuine reduction and not due to

annual variations or the lane closures and reduced speed limit t 50mps throughout

the period of the extensive road works over almost 2 years.

Having now monitored for a period of 12 months since the opening of the smart

motorway we are confident that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations in

all three AQMAs have fallen to level significantly below the 40µg/m3 Objective.

For the 12months period since the opening of the smart motorway the annual mean

nitrogen dioxide concentration for the worst affected (nearest) property to the

motorway in each of the three AQMAs is as follows:

South Normanton AQMA - 36 µg/m3

Barlborough No1 AQMA - 30 µg/m3

Barlborough No2 AQMA - 29 µg/m3

These data are from April 2016 to March 2017 but they are consistent with the

annual mean concentrations reported in Table A.2 at Appendix A to this report.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 ix

Based on this information, one of the conclusions of this assessment report is

to embark on a Detailed Assessment with a view to commencing the revocation

procedure for all three AQMAs.

Although there have been no specific problem areas identified locally, nationally

there is currently great interest in the extent that very small particles called PM2.5

impact on public health. In line with national guidance the Council is giving

consideration to this pollutant and actions that can be taken to minimise its impact.

The Council continues to work with partner organisations including the Highways

Agency and their consultants and the Director of Public Health in respect of air

quality in the District.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

Although in its early stages, as stated above, consideration is being given to the

revocation the Air Quality Management Areas as it appears concentrations of

nitrogen dioxide have fallen below the Air Quality Objective since the introduction of

the smart motorway, but it needs to be established that this is a genuine

improvement and not a consequence of the reduced speed limit during the

construction phase – a Detailed Assessment will be obtained before taking this

decision and starting the process..

Local Priorities and Challenges

The Council has monitored nitrogen dioxide for many years and undertakes a review

of its monitoring from time to time. The last such review was undertaken for the

commencement of the 2016 monitoring programme (reported in this document).

Three new sites were selected as a result of screening and local knowledge but after

a full 12 months data these locations appear to meet the annual mean air quality

objective for that pollutant. Therefore, the Council has not identified any areas where

there is an exceedence of any Air Quality Objective and does not need to progress to

a detailed assessment with a view to declaring an Air Quality Management Area

(AQMA). However, one of these sites. Tube ref 30 – at 4A, Barlborough Rd, Clowne,

which is situated at a busy traffic light controlled junction, had an annual mean

nitrogen dioxide concentration of 39µg/m3. This will be kept under close observation

in the coming months and, if considered appropriate, will be the subject of a detailed

assessment.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 x

Although no exceedences of the Air Quality Objectives have been identified the

Council recognises the impact adverse air quality can have on the health of its

residents and beyond (air quality does not stop at the Council boundary). The

Council is not complacent in its fulfilling its role and responsibilities in improving air

quality, particularly in the light of recent evidence relating to PM2.5 emissions.

Bolsover District Council continues to work with other partners to tackle AQ such as

other district councils, the Highways Authority, Director of Public Health and PHE and

where appropriate will participate in projects to improve AQ.

The Council is responsible for the regulation of a number of Part A2 and Part B

industrial installations that are of significance in terms of air quality. Each process /

installation is regulated under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales)

Regulations 2016 and regularly inspected by the Council Environmental Health

Officers (in line with national guidance which sees greater regulatory input at the

premises posing the greatest risk) to ensure they are controlling their emissions to

atmosphere in accordance with national guidance. A list of processes that currently

hold an Environmental Permit issued by Bolsover District Council (as at 31

December 2016) is shown at Appendix G.

Bolsover District Council vehicle fleets meet as a minimum Euro5 emission standards

and all new\future purchases meeting Euro6 (current) standard. The Council’s LGV

refuse vehicle fleet meet Euro6 standard and all vehicles operate on low sulphur

80/20 bio-diesel. We have reviewed waste collection, grounds maintenance and

street cleansing operations and established measured cyclical maintenance

programs across the Council which has enabled us to review our vehicle fleet

requirements to achieve optimised utilisation.

The Council is committed to working with partners from across the county to

proactively engage with end users that are at high risk of fuel poverty. The Council

works with all internal departments, Derbyshire County Council, local installers and

agencies to deliver a number of energy cost reduction measures. Such schemes

involve the installation of funded modern condensing boilers, insulation and heating

controls that allow vulnerable residents to take control of their heating. The Council

is also committed to assisting vulnerable people through the fuel switching process in

order to ensure that they are getting the most competitive fuel supply.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 xi

The Council is also committed to reducing the fuel cost and carbon footprints to its

own housing and commercial stock. The Council has worked with National Grid in

order to fully fund the gas connections to well over 200 properties across the joint

districts. It has also gained £780,000 from the Department of Energy and Climate

Change in order to install new condensing boilers in its stock that burns coal or has

electric heaters. Where gas cannot be connected to properties at reasonable cost,

the Council has invested in air source heat pumps. Innovative hydrogen fuel cell

technology has also been installed in a sheltered scheme to supplement the

electricity supply and heat the flats very efficiently. In Bolsover, the Council is

committed to building new stock that meets the highest standards for the BRE Code

for Sustainable Homes and this is including solar electricity.

Regarding its own commercial stock, the council has invested in fitting solar panels to

its town hall at The Arc, Clowne. This will generate around £600,000 of income over

its lifetime in Feed-in-Tariffs and savings. This is looking to be rolled out across it

Riverside Depot in Doe Lea and also the Pleasley Mills industrial area. Innovative

infrared heating technology has also been installed in the Pleasley Mills site and this

made a major difference to the workers that used to be cold during the winter

months.

The key priorities for air quality for Bolsover District Council include the continuation

of the long-term air quality monitoring programme which is kept under constant

review to ensure that monitoring takes place in the most relevant locations and to

tackle air quality issues at source wherever possible either though regulatory controls

of emissions to air from certain potentially polluting industries and to avoid new

polluting sources being placed in sensitive areas without adequate controls and

abatement or avoiding new residences being built in inappropriate places ie areas

close to industry of busy roads. This is usually achieved during the evaluation of

planning applications and through the local plan.

In addition, a decision will be taken on whether the three Air Quality Management

Areas should be maintained for the time being or revoked. This will be the subject of

a further detailed assessment depending upon the latest monitoring data.

Officers of the Environmental Health team will continue to consider the impact of new

development on existing dwellings and ensure that new dwellings or other sensitive


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 xii

developments are not constructed in areas of unacceptable air quality through the

Planning system.

New Government guidance on tackling air quality issues will see the Council forming

stronger links specifically in respect of air quality with key partners such as the

County Director of Public Health and County Council Highways Planners. A vehicle

for this has already been established and officers of the Environmental Protection

team have been heavily involved and supportive of collaborative working through

Derbyshire County and City Air Quality Working Group (see Appendix E for the

Terms of Reference)

How to Get Involved

The Council engages with the public on matters relating to air quality through, for

example, a number of site specific community liaison groups and, in the future, public

information initiatives through the Derbyshire County and City Air Quality Working

Group, of which we are a key participant (See Appendix E for Terms of Reference).

Further engagement takes place through normal communication channels with parish

councils and by dialogue with local interest groups, elected members and interested

individuals. It was the results of such interaction which informed the decision to

undertake additional monitoring in the review of diffusion tube monitoring locations

for the 2016 monitoring programme.

Air Quality is not “someone else’s problem”. All members of the community can play

a part in improving air quality. .

Simple steps that we can all take include making short journeys on foot or by bicycle

rather than by car or using public transport. Derbyshire County Council operates a

number of schemes relating to travel plans and reducing journeys by cars.

As it is often traffic congestion that exacerbates poor air quality, avoiding using

vehicles as busy times can be beneficial. Car sharing for journeys to work or for the

school run can reduce the number of vehicles using busy roads and junctions.

Other simple measures that can be taken include

Purchasing low emission vehicles and or hybrid vehicles as individuals.

Fleet vehicles and transport companies could play a major role in the use of

low emission vehicles.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 xiii

Upgrading boilers to the newest and most efficient gas condensing boilers with

the lowers nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions

Installing renewable options such as solar panels or wind turbines (in

appropriate locations).


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 xiv

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area .......................................................... i

Air Quality in Bolsover District Council ............................................................................... ii

Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................................... ix

Local Priorities and Challenges ......................................................................................... ix

How to Get Involved......................................................................................................... xii

1 Local Air Quality Management ........................................................................ 1

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................ 2

2.1 Air Quality Management Areas .............................................................................. 2

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Bolsover District

Council ............................................................................................................................. 3

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or

Concentrations.................................................................................................................. 9

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality

Objectives and National Compliance .................................................................... 10

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .....................................................................10

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites .......................................................................................... 10

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites................................................................................... 10

3.2 Individual Pollutants .............................................................................................10

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)................................................................................................. 10

Appendix A: Monitoring Results ........................................................................... 12

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016 ................................ 14

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring

Data QA/QC ............................................................................................................. 15

Appendix E: Terms of Reference of the Derbyshire County and City Air

Quality Working Group - ........................................................................................ 28

Appendix F: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England .............................. 31

Appendix G: List of Processes Regulated by Bolsover District Council.......... 32

Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................. 33

References .............................................................................................................. 34


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 xv

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Table 2.2 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Table A.1 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Table A.2 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results 2012 to 2016 (Automatic Monitoring)

Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2016

Table C.1 Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT rounds AR012 to AR016

Table C.2 Bias Adjustment Factors for Gradko 2016

Table E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Map of the Bolsover District Council area

Figure 1.2 South Normanton Air Quality Management Area, Carter Lane East,

Figure 1.3 Barlborough No 1 Air Quality Management Area, Orchard Close,

Figure 1.4 Barlborough No2 Air Quality Management Area, 14 Chesterfield Rd


LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 1

1 Local Air Quality Management

This report provides an overview of air quality in Bolsover District Council during

2016. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out

in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical

Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review

and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality

objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedence is considered likely the

local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare

an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place

in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual

requirement showing the strategies employed by Bolsover District Council to improve

air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in

Table E.1 in Appendix F.



2 Actions to Improve Air Quality

2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance

or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must

prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures

it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Bolsover District Council can be found in

Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps

of AQMA boundaries are available online at

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=23.

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas



2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Bolsover District Council

Due to the late submission of the 2016 Annual Status Report (Dec 2016), the Council

is not yet in receipt of DEFRA’s appraisal of its contents. Any comments that are

subsequently received will be considered and acted upon accordingly and reported in

the 2018 ASR.

Bolsover District Council and/or partner organisations have taken forward a number

of measures during the current reporting year of 2016 in pursuit of improving local air

quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in

Table 2.2. More detail on these measures can be found in the respective Action

Plans.

Key completed and ongoing measures are detailed in Table 2.2 and include fitting

solar panels to council owned buildings.

Progress on the following these measures has, in some cases, been slower than

expected due to resource issues caused by the long term absence of the relevant

officer and many of the measures such as highways improvements and traffic

management are not the responsibility of Bolsover District Council.

Bolsover District Council expects the following measures to be completed over the

course of the next reporting year:

Adoption of the requirement to consider air quality in development affecting

the AQMAs in the Local Plan

Evaluate the nitrogen dioxide monitoring data to determine whether the

process for considering revocation should be implemented due to improved air

quality.

Replace 200 gas fired back boilers in Council houses with more efficient “A”

rated combi-boilers

Bolsover District Council’s priorities for the coming year are:

Reduction of energy use in sheltered housing

Play a leading role in the Derbyshire and Derby Air Quality Working Group



The Derbyshire Planning and Health Steering Group has formulated a checklist

(currently in Draft form) the purpose of which is to assist in the identification of health

and wellbeing needs and assessment of how local plans can support meeting them.

Specifically the checklist includes the following measures which will have a beneficial

impact on air quality

D. Air and water quality, noise and neighbourhood amenity 14. Seek to minimise air pollution caused by traffic and employment/ commercial facilities (e.g. through reducing need to travel/ use of vehicles; facilitating alternative transport choices; design and location of developments)

E. Accessibility and active travel

17. Prioritise and encourage walking (such as through shared spaces)

connecting to local walking networks

18. Prioritise and encourage cycling (for example by providing secure cycle

parking, showers and cycle lanes) connecting to local and strategic cycle

networks.


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 5 5

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Measure No.

Measure EU

Category EU

Classification

Organisations involved and

Funding Source

Planning Phase

Implementation Phase

Key Performance

Indicator

Reduction in Pollutant / Emission

from Measure

Progress to Date

Estimated / Actual

Completion Date

Comments / Barriers to implementation

1 Alternatives to private vehicle

use

Alternatives to private

vehicle use Other BDC Ongoing Ongoing N/A

Vehicle emissions

Implementation on-going

N/A

2 Environmental

Permits Environment

al Permits

Introduction/increase of

environment charges

through permit systems and

economic instruments

BDC Ongoing Ongoing 100%

Inspections

Various pollutants regulated


N/A

Non-compliant processes are encouraged to comply

by lower annual subsistence fees and less

regulatory input

3 Excluding HGVs from Residential

Areas

Freight and Delivery

Management

Route Management

Plans/ Strategic routing

strategy for HGV's

BDC/Derbyshire County Council

Ongoing Ongoing N/A Reduced vehicle

emissions


N/A Excluding HGVs from

residential areas

4 Stage 1 Draft

Local Plan Policy SC12

Policy Guidance

and Developmen

t Control

Air Quality Planning and

Policy Guidance

BDC Public

Consultation

Ongoing Air Quality Objective

Not Readily Quantifiable


2017 Consideration of impact of new development on Air

Quality

5 Local Transport

Plan

Transport Planning

and Infrastructur

e

Other Derbyshire

County Council Completed Ongoing

Air Quality Objective

Reduced vehicle

emissions


2026

6

East Midlands Air Quality Network

Establishing

Derbyshire Air Quality Working

Group

Policy Guidance

and Developmen

t Control

Regional Groups Co-ordinating

programmes to develop Area wide

Strategies to reduce

emissions and improve air

quality

PHE / Derbyshire

County Council / District Councils

Ongoing Ongoing N/A Reduction in a

range of pollutants

Work Plans / Action Plans Developed

N/A

Air Quality Working Group involves key players at senior level in Public sector and voluntary

sectors



7

Development of Supplementary

planning guidance re Air Quality via East

Midlands Air Quality Network

Policy Guidance

and Developmen

t Control


Policy Guidance

PHE / Derbyshire

County Council / District Councils

Ongoing Ongoing N/A Reduction in a

range of pollutants


N/A

To be taken to the Planning and Health

Group on completion for discussion and local

adoption and implementation

8

Travel Plans required as

planning conditions for

larger developments

Policy Guidance

and Developmen

t Control


Policy Guidance

BDC Ongoing Ongoing N/A Reduced vehicle

emissions


N/A Travel plans required as part of planning controls for larger developments

9

Regulation of low emission

fuels 100% coverage

of Smoke Control Areas

Promoting Low

Emission Plant

Regulations for fuel quality

for low emission fuels for stationary and mobile

sources

BDC Completed Completed Air Quality Objective

Smoke and sulphur dioxide

emissions reduced

through Claen Air Act

Regulation

Implemented and

Enforcement as

necessary

Implementation completed and

education/ enforcement

ongoing

Smoke Control Areas in former mining area with high use of solid fuels

10

Corporate Aim H 15

Reduction of energy use in

sheltered housing schemes

Promoting Low

Emission Plant

Low Emission Fuels for

stationary and mobile

sources in Public

Procurement

BDC 2016 2016-2019 Air Quality Objective

Reduction in particulates,

sulphur dioxide and

nitrogen dioxide


2019

11

The Council's LGV refuse vehicle fleet meet Euro6

standard and all vehicles operate on low sulphur

bio-diesel

Promoting Low

Emission Transport

Public Vehicle Procurement -

Prioritising uptake of low

emission vehicles

BDC Ongoing Ongoing Air Quality Objective

Reduction in particulates,

sulphur dioxide and

nitrogen dioxide


Ongoing

12 Supporting / encouraging

Home working

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Encourage / Facilitate

home-working

BDC

Derbyshire County Council

Ongoing Ongoing Air Quality Objective

Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing Reduction in vehicles in use, especially at busy

times of the day

13

DCC outreach workers

undertake local level action to

promote alternative travel and encourage

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Personalised Travel

Planning



Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing



behaviour change

14

Promote travel initiatives “miles

to work”, “car sharing”” and “cycle to work” and “smarter

working” schemes

Alternatives to private

vehicle use

Car & lift sharing

schemes



Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

15 School Travel

plans

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

School Travel Plans



Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

16 Workplace

Travel Planning

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of cycling

Public Health Team



Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

17 Workplace

Travel Planning

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Intensive active travel campaign & infrastructure

Public Health Team



Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

18 Workplace

Travel Planning

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promote use of rail and

inland waterways

Public Health Team



Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

19

Urban design and

development control

Promotion of Walking

Policy Guidance

and Developmen

t Control


Policy Guidance


Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

20

Promotion of safe cycling schemes for

children

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of cycling


Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing



21

Derbyshire Cycle Plan -

aims to increase infrastructure

connectivity and participation

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Intensive active travel campaign & infrastructure


Derbyshire Planning and

Health Steering Group


Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

22

Making reports on Air Quality available to

public

Public Information

Via the Internet


Reduction in a range of

pollutants


Ongoing Raise awareness on

actions individuals can take

23

Training Council employees in driving for fuel

efficiency

Vehicle Fleet

Efficiency

Driver training and ECO

driving aids BDC Ongoing Ongoing

Air Quality Objective

Reduced vehicle

emissions


Ongoing

24

Corporate Aim H 16

Replace each year 200 gas

fired back boilers in

Council houses with more

efficient "A" rated combi-

boilers

Promoting Low

Emission Plant

Public Procurement of stationary combustion

sources

BDC 2016 2016-2019 Air Quality Objective

Reduction in nitrogen

dioxide and other products of combustion

End 2016 234 boilers

fitted 2019

25

Euro5 emission standards for

Council fleet and all new/future

purchases meeting Euro6

(current standard)

Promoting Low

Emission Transport

Public Vehicle Procurement -

Prioritising uptake of low

emission vehicles


Reduced particulates,

nitrogen dioxide and

sulphur dioxide


Ongoing

26

Hackney Carriage

Licences have reduced fees if emission less

than 150g CO2

Promoting Low

Emission Transport

Taxi emission incentives


Reduced particulates,

nitrogen dioxide and

sulphur dioxide


Ongoing



2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are

expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5

(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear

evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature

mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Particulate matter, or PM, is the term use to describe particles found in the air,

including dust, dirt and liquid droplets. PM comes from both natural and man-made

sources, including traffic emissions and Saharan-Sahel dust. These particles can be

suspended in the air for long periods of time, and can travel across large distances.

Particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) pose a health

concern because they can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system.

Particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) are referred to as

"fine" particles and are believed to pose the greatest health risks, as they can lodge

deeply into the lungs and also pass into the bloodstream.

PM2.5 is the pollutant which has the biggest impact on public health and on which the

Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 3.014 is based.

The Council notes the Public Health Outcomes Indicator 3.01 – Fraction of mortality

attributable to particulate (PM2.5) air pollution which for 2015 (the latest data

available) gave a value of 4.9%. This represents a small reduction from the 2012

reported data of 5.2%.and is less than that reported for other authorities in the

Region (5.1%) but slightly higher than the figure for England (4.7%)

Bolsover District Council is taking the measures as detailed in Table 2.1 above, most

of which will contribute to addressing the PM2.5 issues, especially those which reduce

the the emissions from products of compbustion and the designation of Smoke

Control Areas.

4 4 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016-2019Indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf



3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with

objectives.

Bolsover District Council no longer operates an automatic (continuous) monitoring at

site and now relies solely on a network of passive diffusion tubes for monitoring

nitrogen dioxide pollution..

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Bolsover District Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 26

sites during 2016. Two of these sites have triplicate tube exposure as part of the

quality procedure to demonstrate reproducibility of monitoring data. Table A.1 in

Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D.

Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment

for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant,

adjusted for “annualisation” and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in

Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A2 in Appendix A compares the bias adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean

concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

The full 2016 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B at Table B1.

It has been found that where the annual mean nitorigen dioxide concentration is less

than 60µg/m3 it is most unlikely that the air quality objective for the hourly mean



concentration (200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year) will be

exceeded.

It is seen from the diffusion tube monitoring that there are no annual mean nitrogen

dioxide concentrations close to 60µg/m3 .

Table A.2 at Appendix A shows the trend in annual mean nitrogen dioxide

concentration for all diffusion tube monitoring sites over the 5-year period 2012 to

2016. This shows that in there have been no exceedences of the annual mean air

quality objective for nitrogen dioxide at any of the monitoring locations since 2012.

There has been a steady reduction each year in the AQMAs and now that the

Council can be reasonable confident the reduction is not due to temporary lane

closures and speed limits on the Motorway it is recommended that the

procedure for revoking the existing AQMAs is commenced.

As part of the review of the monitoring locations at the end of 2015, a new site was

established at the junction of Barlborough Rd / Cresswell Rd / Rotherham Road and

North Street, Clowne. This is a traffic light controlled junction and is known to have

frequent queues of traffic at busy periods. There are also dwellings in very close

proximity to the carriageway. The annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration for

2016 the newly created site (Tube Ref 29) was found to be 39µg/m3, which is

extremely close to the 40µg/m3 Air Quality Objective. It is recommended that

additional monitoring locations are set up at other dwellings around the junction to

determine whether any further action is required. This will be undertaken for at least

6 months between July and December 2017 (to include 3 summer months and 3

winter months). This additional information will determine what further action, if any,

the Council should take.



Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites



Table A.2 - Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration 2016 (Diffusion Tubes)



Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results – 2016

(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment



Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Diffusion Tube Monitoring

Diffusion tubes are used to provide a relatively simple and cost effective method of

monitoring for nitrogen dioxide at several locations where nitrogen dioxide levels are

likely to be high identified in previous reviews and assessments, due to the proximity

of significant sources (normally traffic).

The tube is a small plastic device, approximately 6 centimetres long, open at one

end, with a disc at the other end that reacts to nitrogen dioxide. They are located at

sites, typically on lamp posts or other street furniture or on the facades of properties

and exposed for a 4–5 week period, in line with the UK national survey.

The tubes contain a mesh which is doped with 50% v/v triethanolamine (TEA) in

Acetone are fitted with a cap before and after exposure which is undertaken

according to the national monthly schedule.

QA/QC Details of the Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Survey

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko International, which

participates in the Air PT laboratory inter-comparison scheme for the analysis the

diffusion tubes.

Air PT Scheme

AIR is an independent analytical proficiency-testing (PT) scheme, operated by LGC

Standards and supported by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). AIR PT is a

new scheme, started in April 2014, which combines two long running PT schemes:

LGC Standards STACKS PT scheme and HSL WASP PT scheme.

The laboratory has consistently scored 100% for the period covered by this report.

The Air PT Scores for the relevant period is shown in Table C.1



Table C.1 Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT rounds AR012 to AR016

The following table lists those UK laboratories undertaking LAQM activities that have participated in recent AIR NO2 PT rounds and the percentage (%) of

results submitted which were subsequently determined to be satisfactory based upon a z-score of ≤ ± 2 as defined above.

[1] Participant subscribed to two sets of test samples (2 x 4 test samples) in each AIR PT round.

Source https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/airptrounds7to18apr2015feb2017.pdf

AIR PT Round AR012 AR013 AR015 AR016

Round conducted in the

period Jan – Feb

2016 April – May

2016 Jul – Aug

2016 Oct –Nov

2016

Gradko International [1] 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/airptrounds7to18apr2015feb2017.pdf



Bias Adjustment Factor

Bias Adjustment Factor

It is known that there are systematic differences in the performance of different

laboratories and preparation methods of diffusion tubes. Table C.2 shows the

studies that have been used to compare results from diffusion tubes (analysed by

Gradko International) to results of co-located automatic chemiluminesence

monitors, where data has been collected for 9 months or more.

From these studies it can be seen that the bias adjustment factor (A) of 1.05 has

therefore to be applied (multiplied) to the diffusion tube results for 2016 data.

Table C.2 Bias Adjustment Factors for Gradko 2016

The diffusion tube bias adjustment factor for Gradko for 2016 is 1.05, being based

on 16 studies. All diffusion tube data in this report for 2016 has been corrected for

laboratory bias using this correction factor.



Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations

Tube Ref No 5 (26 and 27 triplicate), 10, 15, 20, and 21



Tube Ref nos 6 and 8



Tube ref No 25



Tube ref nos 2, 12, 14 (23 and 24 triplicate), 16, 17, 18 and 19



Tube ref No 1



Tube Ref no 4



Tube Ref No 9



Tube ref 28 - 2 The Hill, Glapwell

© Crown Copyright and database right. All rights reserved (1000019665) 2017

Site 28



Tube Ref 29 - 4A Barlborough Rd, Clowne


Site 29



Tube Ref 30 – 198 the Hill Glapwell


Site 30



Appendix E: Terms of Reference of the Derbyshire County and City Air Quality Working Group -







Appendix F: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England

Pollutant Air Quality Objective5

Concentration Measured as

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Particulate Matter (PM10)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)


1-hour mean


24-hour mean


15-minute mean

5 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m

3).



Appendix G: List of Processes Regulated by Bolsover District Council

The following list are premises regulated under the provisions of the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 as at 31st December 2016 Part A2 Processes

Part B Processes



Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide



References

Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928).

Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043)

Environment Act 1995

Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16)

Bolsover District Council - Stage 3 Local Air Quality Review and Assessment,

December 2000.

Bolsover District Council - Local Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment, January 2004.

Bolsover District Council - Local Air Quality Management Detailed Assessment,

November 2004.

Bolsover District Council - Local Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment, June 2006.

Bolsover District Council - Local Air Quality Management Further Assessment

Report, December 2006.

Bolsover District Council - Progress Report 2007

Bolsover District Council - Local Air Quality Management Addendum to Further

Assessment Report, August 2008

Bolsover District Council - Local Air Quality Management Further Assessment

Report, July 2009.

2009 Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment for Bolsover District Council August 2009.

Bolsover District Council - Air Quality Action Plan, Progress Report 2009



Bolsover District Council - Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment 2012

Bolsover District Council - Air Quality Action Plan, Progress Report 2012 Bolsover

District Council - Bolsover District DRAFT Local Plan

2013 Air Quality Progress Report for Bolsover District Council

2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report, Bolsover District Council

Documents

2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) · The Council currently has three Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) which were declared in between 10 and 13 years ago where the air