· 2017-12-03 · Email address: [email protected] Paper title: Modelling of the Location of Vehicle Recycling Facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Paper abstract: The Automotive

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Approved Papers

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First Day

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Industrial Engineering and Desalination

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Name: Dr. Ammar Yahya Saeed Alqahtani

Work place: King Abdulaziz University - Faculty of Engineering - Department of Industrial Engineering

Job title: Assistant Professor

Email address: [email protected]

Paper title: Warranty And Maintenance Management in Reverse Supply Chain Using the Internet of Things

Paper Abstract:

The Internet of Things plays a critical role as a facilitator for both warranty and maintenance procedures for remanufactured products by significantly reducing or nearly eliminating ambiguity about the existence, con-ditions, and types as well as the remaining lives of individual components of an End-of-Use product. Since remaining useful life (RUL) serves as a consistent measure of reliability, an immediate determination of a prod-uct’s RUL facilitates an optimal decision on recovery by meeting the minimum quality requirement defined in the underlying system criteria. In product recovery, the disassembly process has an important role since it allows for selective separation of desired parts and materials. End-of-life (EOL) products involving missing and/or non-functional components increase the uncertainty associated with disassembly yield. Sensor-embedded products (SEPs) eliminate a majority of uncertainties involved in EOL management by providing life-cycle information. This information includes the content of each product and component conditions, and enables the estimation of re-maining useful life of the components. Once the data on the products is captured, it is possible to make optimal EOL decisions without any preliminary disassembly or inspection operations. The primary contribution offered by this paper is that it presents a quantitative assessment of the effect of offering warranties on remanufactured items from a remanufacturer’s perspective by proposing an appealing price in the eyes of the buyer as well. While there are developmental studies on warranty policies for brand new products and a few on secondhand products, there exists no study that evaluates the potential benefits of warranties on remanufactured products in a quantitative and comprehensive manner. In these studies, the profit improvements achieved by the offering of warranties for different policies determine the range of how much money can be invested in a warranty while still keeping it profitable overall. To that end, this paper studies and scrutinizes the impact of offering renewing warranties on remanufactured products. Specifically, the paper suggests a methodology which simultaneously minimizes the cost incurred by the remanufacturers and maximizes the confidence of the consumers towards buying remanufacturing products. Keywords: Internet of Things, Sustainable manufacturing, Reverse supply chain, Remanufacturing, Sensor embedded products, RFID, Extending product life-cycle.

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Name: Prof. Salih Osman Ali Duffuaa

Work place: Department of Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Job title: Professor


Paper title: Electric Power Supply Chains – A Review and Directions for Research

Paper abstract:

Electric Power Supply Chains – A Review and Directions for Research Salih O. Duffuaa* and Awsan Mo-hammad** Department of Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran, Sau-di Arabia [email protected]*, [email protected] Electric power supply chains (EPSC) play an important role in the global economy due to the fact they supply a major component of the world energy. EPSC extends from fuel suppliers up to power consumers/customers. EPSC includes fuel suppliers, maintenance pro-viders, generation plants, transmission companies, distribution entities, and customers of various types. The need to integrate the EPSC, deal with uncertainties and respond to changing demands derives companies to model, optimize, and operate efficiently. The objective of this paper is to review mathematical models developed to integrate and optimize EPSC strategic and tactical decisions as an integrated supply chain. Literature is classi-fied along five dimensions, evaluated, and gaps are identified. Opportunities for further research are highlighted with suggestions for incorporating those in future modeling endeavors.

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Name:Dr. Nagham El-Berishy* and Bernd Scholz-Reiter

Work place: International Graduate School for Dynamics in Logistics, Bremen, Germany and Alexan-dria University

Job title: Dr. Eng.


Paper title: Green Logistics Oriented Framework for Batches Production and Distribution

Paper abstract:

Nowadays, most consumable goods are produced and transported in batches. Planning the flow of these batches from suppliers to customers, through dynamic logistics systems, has a high degree of uncer-tainties on supply chain related decisions. In order to respond effectively and efficiently to these uncertainties, the supply chain network has to be redesigned, considering the economic and environmental requirements. To handle these requirements sustainably, green logistics is a promising approach. However, there is a lack of green logistics models which integrate both the production and distribution decisions within the batch process indus-tries. This research develops a green logistics oriented framework in the case of the batch process industry. The framework integrates the tactical and operational levels of planning and scheduling to generate the optimum production and distribution decisions. A two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated to design and manage batch supply chain. This is a mixed-integer linear program of the two-stage stochastic production-dis-tribution model with economic-environmental objectives. The first stage is concerned with optimum schedules of the production and distribution of the required batches. The second stage subsequently generates the opti-mum delivering velocities for the optimal distribution routes which are resulted from the first stage. To examine the applicability of the developed framework, the model is verified and validated through four theoretical scenar-ios as well as two real world case studies of multi-national batch process industries. The results of the analysis provide some insights into supply chain costs and emissions. Based on the results, savings of about 43 percent of the total related economic and environmental costs were achieved compared to the actual situation at the case study companies. Cost savings mean long-term profitability which is essential to sustain a worldwide com-petitive advantage. The proposed framework supports academic green logistics models and real-world supply chain decision making in batch process industry. Building such a framework provides a practical tool which links being green and being economically successful.

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Name: Dr. Naif abdullah Al saadi

Work place: King Abdulaziz University - Rabigh



Paper title: Modelling of the Location of Vehicle Recycling Facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

The Automotive Recycling Industry currently faces the greatest challenges in terms of the efficient reuse and recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs). While the automotive industry has integrated almost every break-through from multi-disciplinary fields of sciences and engineering, the technology and practices surrounding the proper disposal and recycling of ELVs remains a lagging indicator to automotive technology. However, despite the greater focus of business entities and researchers on the manufacturing of new vehicles, the responsibility surrounding the recycling and disposal of ELVs is equally important. The improper or ineffective strategies in the disposal of waste materials from ELVs can lead to grave environmental consequences. Furthermore, aside from their adverse effects on the environment, problems associated with improper waste disposal of ELV materials may also lead to various social and economic problems. One of the most notable barriers to effective and proper ELV processing is the high economic cost associated with their recycling and disposal. From the consumer’s point of view, proper and effective disposal would require additional expenditure which could be otherwise add-ed to the funds needed to purchase and acquire a new car. On the other hand, from a business perspective, au-tomotive recycling companies seek to recycle and reuse ELVs while at the same time expect to profit from such a venture. This study aims to use the Optimization Approach in order to arrive at a most efficient and effective method which can be adopted in order to streamline the ELV recycling and waste disposal process. It aims to arrange an effective method which policy-makers and business entities can use in order to find the optimum lo-cation for a processing facility which will help improve regional or even global ELV recycling processes as well as keep the overall cost associated with such processes at a minimum. The network model that was formulated in this study includes the various factors that are considered important in ELV recycling. The said optimized mod-el was applied to resolve the problems faced by the automotive aftermarket industry in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which resulted to reduced cost and greater efficiency.

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Name: Mr. Muidh awadh al qahtani

Work place: Tabouk University

Job title: Lecturer - Scholarship


Paper title: SATICSFACTION OF ENGINEERS IN KSA

Paper abstract:

Engineers‟ satisfaction has become one of the most important issues in companies all over the world. Many studies investigate the engineers‟ satisfaction impacted on the company’s productivity and profitabil-ity. In order to better understand the drivers of engineers‟ satisfaction, this research investigated engineers‟ satisfaction using a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire considered 11 categories and their impact on the formation of overall satisfaction through 66 questions. These 11 categories are further grouped into two factors: motivators and hygiene (dissatisfies) as per Frederick Herzberg Two Factor Theory. In the first part of the paper, the literature on satisfaction was reviewed. Next, descriptive and analytical methods are applied to the data collected from 342 respondents. It is investigated whether and how these categories and factors are relating to satisfaction. Using correlation analysis and chi squared test an asymmetric relationship between these different factors and overall satisfaction is explained. In the final section of the paper, the satisfaction drivers and impact of these findings are briefly explained.

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Name: Mr. Abdullah Salem Abdullah Bugshan

Work place: SABIC

Job title: Senior Inventory Planner


Paper title: Lean Six Sigma Implementation in Inventory Management

Paper abstract:

This research project report discusses the implementation of Lean Six Sigma methodology in inventory management of SABIC affiliates for all spare parts. Lean Six Sigma is a business strategy and methodology that increases process performance resulting in enhanced customer satisfaction and improved bottom-line results and leadership development tool. By using DMAIC methodology that is an acronym for Define, Measure, Ana-lyze, Improve and Control which is an integral part of the company’s Six Sigma Quality Initiative to improve the performance and increase the efficiency for any organization. DMAIC methodology has been fully implemented to grasp the current status of the inventory and excess value, find all main root causes that have led to the infla-tion of the inventory value during last years and propose the most suitable solutions that can be applicable and implemented in order to minimize this inflation of inventory value for SABIC with removing the main drivers of the excess inventory. In these phases of DMAIC methodology, it has been obvious that some reasons of the excess stock increase are very complicated since the processes of procurements depend on different department and need cross-functional teams to study this current situation and come up with the best solution that all parties should be convinced about the results, impact and the mechanism of the implementation with the specified budget. At the end, the proposed solutions are easy to be implemented and will be within the budget of all de-partments. As a result, these changes will make the processes more recognized and help in accurate planning for the plants’ requirements. Furthermore, this will clarify the processes of spare parts movements from the warehouse and the specified period for issuing, receiving and returning the spare parts from/ to the warehouse.

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Name: Dr. Emad Hashiem Abdullah Abualsauod & Dr. Asem Majed Taher Othman

Work place: Taibah University



Paper title: Identification of the Service Quality Gaps for Online Service Banking in Saudi Arabia: An Exten-sive Literature Review

Paper abstract:

The emergence of technological knowledge in this era plays a significant role in banking industry. The application of technology in banking industry is essential to provide an exceptional service for customers while using online service banking (OSB). This paper was carried out to develop the conceptual framework of OSB by understanding the interaction of stakeholders in banking industry. The focus of this research is to identify the quality gaps of OSB based on pertinent literature review. This research article identified five quality gaps for OSB. The success of OSB depends heavily on their ability to understand the barriers affecting customers’ willingness and satisfaction with online banking, as well as to mitigate any service quality gaps. The recent rapid growth and expansion of online banking in Saudi Arabia is clearly seen, and therefore the ultimate objective of this research is to set the stage to measure the effect of the quality gaps on customers’ willingness and satisfaction to use online banking in Saudi Arabia.

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Name: Eng. Wadea Ameen& Abdulaziz Mohammed El-Tamim& Mohammed Al-Kahtani& Muneer Khan Mo-hammed& Osama Abdulhameeda

Work place: King Saud University

Job title: Researcher


Paper title: Developing a simulation model to evaluate the effect of interstage buffer storage on production line efficiency

Paper abstract:

The buffer allocation problem concerning the size and location of storage between the stages of a flow line is a critical research area in the design of production lines. In this study, a production system consisting of two unreliable stages and a buffer between the stages is considered, where the first stage incorporates two identical machines in parallel, and the second stage incorporates one machine. A simulation model is developed to evaluate the effect of two repair rates of machines and the buffer capacity on production line efficiency. The results revealed the capacity of buffer that yields the maximum production line efficiency with various repair rate values.

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Name: Prof. Hamdi Ali Ahmed Awad & Ahmed A. Hafez

Work place: Dawadmi, College of Engineering -Shaqra Unv



Paper title: Supervisory Control Schemes for Industrial Processes

Paper abstract:

Owing to the elasticity of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) sharing resources and inspection ca-pabilities, manufacturing industries are adopting FMS to improve their production methods in order to increase their competitiveness. The main issue of this paper is to design a discrete event supervisory scheme for FMS that contain two distinct types of interacting features one is continuous and the other is discrete. The former is designed using fuzzy neural systems and the latter is constructed using the Petri net model. Analyzing, syn-thesizing, and testing the proposed scheme on industrial processes are the most challenge issues faced the designers. Direct implementation of the developed supervised Petri net model to the industrial environment is another important issue addressed in this paper. FMS are employed to show these issues and their solutions.

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Name: Dr. Hussein Zein Korany Hussein & Hanafy Mohamed Omar

Work place: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia



Paper title: Designing and Manufacturing of Miniature Savonius Wind Turbine

Paper abstract:

The main objective of this work is to develop a small-scale VAWT that can be installed on bikes to charge low power devices such as smart phone. To achieve this objective, a small Savonius vertical axis wind turbine is designed with three helical blades of 45o using solid works. Then, the Additive manufacturing technique (3D printing) was used for the fabrication of the blades and the other parts of the turbine by generating g-codes for solid works files by using Cure software program. The height and the diameter of the blades are equal to 100 mm while the length of the turbine shaft is equal to 160 mm. The experimental result for efficiency of this tur-bine is compared with the literature efficiency of two blades Savonius vertical axis wind turbine with a height to diameter ratio of 1.67 for validation.

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Name: Mr. Abdulrhman Zbran Ghormallah Alshomrani

Work place: Saudi Aramco

Job title: Project Engineer


Paper title: Building Information Modelling (BIM)

Paper abstract:

Currently, the widespread belief is that the technology and methodology of project management are evolving. In this paper, Building Information Modelling (BIM), which is a new technology in the industrial sector, will be discussed. BIM helps project teams to improve the way they design, construct, and operate projects. The use of BIM goes beyond the design or even construction stages, to provide the full picture of project life cycles, including cost management and facility operation management. In this paper, the new way of managing projects through BIM will be highlighted.

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Name: Dr. Belkacem Kada

Work place: King Abdulaziz University

Job title: Associate Professor


Paper title: Industrial Communication Networks and the Future of Industrial Automation

Paper abstract:

The paper discusses the recent trends in communication technologies and their impact on the industrial automation in general and the industry generation 4.0 in particular. It is well known that digital communication networks such as Ethernet, wireless networks, and web technology have made the flow and exchange of infor-mation, within distributed automation systems, more reliable, flexible, and comprehensive. In other words, infor-mation and communication technology (ICT) provides 1) native support for industrial automation, 2) advantages in control, supervision, and monitoring, and 3) high-performance, greater-controllability, and more flexibility. In this work, the focus will be on the role of the new communication technology concepts in the industrial automa-tion and communication networks including Internet of Things (IoT), Ethernet time-sensitive networking (TSN), and Cyber Physical systems (CPS).

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Name: Eng. Ahmed saleh al nakhli

Work place: Saline Water Conversion Corporation

Job title: Specification Engineer


Paper title: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TOW DIFFERENT THERMAL RE-CEIVERS DESIGNS FOR A POINT FOCUS SOLAR FRESNEL COLLECTOR FOR USE WITH THERMAL DESALINATION

Paper abstract:

Current research is going on to develop environment friendly and cost-effective solar power genera-tion technology based on concentrating solar thermal energy. This technology combines the concepts of linear Fresnel solar collector and central receiver (heliostats + tower) systems into the new concept of a focal point Fresnel concentrator with a polar sun tracking system. The proposed device, concentrates direct solar irradia-tion using a number of flat mirrors positioned over a circular rotating surface that follows the sun. Considering the solar elevation, reflection is achieved using the concept of Fresnel reflection, where the mirrors rotate to keep the target at a defined focus. For conventional Fresnel solar collectors, this reflection is carried out using a linear rectangular mirror (either flat or with a small curvature) to obtain a linear focus. However, in the proposed technology, the rectangular mirror will be into small square mirrors to make it possible to achieve a point focus device. The end result is that thermal energy can be collected at the receiver of the collector at temperatures high enough to generate steam that can be used for several applications including thermal desalination. In this Project, we experimented two different shapes of receivers in different days and the results found was (energy output, collector efficiency, etc.) that first receiver has better performance (Jet impingement receiver with mesh structure) by overall solar system efficiency between 68 to 83% and the net (useful) thermal energy absorbed between 2800 to 3405W depends on DNI and oil volume flow rate. The cost effectiveness when the modified a Point Focus Solar Fresnel collection system with a solar multiple of 1.0 is combined with a commercial 1 MIGD MED-TVC thermal desalination plant is compared with one completely run by fossil fuel. The breakeven fuel cost with same cost of water for both the cases found to be $44/bbl. The high value of the breakeven fuel cost is attributed to a high total daily irradiance of 3228 Wh/m2 experienced at the specific test site.

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Name: Prof. Hany abdulrahman al ansary

Work place: Department of Mechanical Engineering - King Saud University

Job title: professor


Paper title: Development of a software program for CSP-MED integration

Paper abstract:

This study deals with modeling of cogeneration power and desalination driven by solar energy sources. It presents a short review of the main previous studies on the subject with a special emphasis on large scale solar desalination plants. These previous studies show clearly the technical and economic potential of using solar energy for the simultaneous production of electricity and water. The study then focuses on modeling and simulation of steam turbine module, cooling circuits, Multiple Effect Distillation and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) with Thermal Vapor Compression (TVC) units. The results obtained with EES (Engineering Equations Solver) were validated at each phase. Systematic and exhaustive comparisons of results obtained by EES and THERMOFLEX are presented and explained. On the other side, results on MED on the effect of feed preheating, top brine temperature, temperature difference between effects etc. are given and discussed. Besides, cases simulating the effects of the most influential parameters of MED-TVC on its performance, mainly gained output ratio (GOR), have been investigated and discussed. This includes for instance the effect of position of the TVC system. It was found in particular that a particular position of the TVC leads to a maximum GOR and minimum cooling water flow rate. This optimum location shifts to higher values as the top brine temperature increases. Finally, the study focuses on the combined power and MED desalination driven by solar energy. The main results of a thermal and economic investigation of various configurations of cogeneration plants under the weather conditions of Yanbu are presented. Seven configurations corresponding to various combinations of steam power and MED solar plants have been considered in the analysis. Two types of solar concentrating solar power (CSP) collectors, namely parabolic trough (PTC) and central receiver tower (CRT) have been used to drive the cogen-eration plants. The results show in particular that for the considered cogeneration plants the net capital cost for the CRT is slightly higher than that for PTC.

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Name: Prof. Abdelnaby elbaiomy el mtwaly kabeel

Work place: Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University

Job title: Professor and Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Engineering for Graduate Studies and Research, Tanta University


Paper title: Enhancing the Performance the of RO desalination system by using ion exchange technique

Paper abstract:

Many countries mainly depend on the Reverse Osmosis (RO) technologies to desalinate water. This de-salination method, however, suffer from a number of disadvantages. First, it requires high pressures in order to overcome the natural osmotic pressure of saline Water. Second, precipitation of salts from the input saline solu-tion can form deposits on osmosis membranes, thereby causing a reduction in membrane efficiency and high expenses of energy. This study focused on using ion exchange (IX) to enhance the performance of RO mem-brane processes for desalination of brackish water. It was shown that the using of zeolite as an ion exchange bed before the RO process can decrease the desalination costs by increasing the water recovery of RO system from 27.7% to 30%, from 25%to 28%, from 20% to 23.15% and from 13.8% to 17.8% at concentrations 1060 ppm, 1660 ppm, 2020 ppm and 3150 ppm respectively, also by increasing permeate water from the RO system by 27.2% at 3150 ppm concentration.

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Name: Dr. Mishal B. Alsehli

Work place: Taif University



Paper title: Thermal Storage System as An Alternative to the Brine Heater in A Desalination Plant: A Theoretical Investigation.

Paper abstract:

Desalination is a highly energy intensive process, currently powered primarily with fossil fuel. So, using solar energy for desalination is one of the most promising applications of renewable energy, especially in regions with water scarcity and abundant sunlight. The brine that feeds a solar thermal desalination is typically heated indirectly, requiring the heating of an intermediary fluid. The paper presents a new technique for a solar powered multistage flash desalination plant, modified by removing the conventional brine heater. The brine heater is re-placed with a solar energy unit consisting of two direct thermal storage tanks and a system of solar collectors. The brine that feeds the modified design is heated directly without the need to an intermediary fluid or a heat exchanger. The two storage tanks which alternate roles at each day provide a full day of hot brine that has been heated to the top brine temperature. The new approach to thermal storage system as an alternative to the brine heater in a desalination plant will be mathematically and dynamically modeled, in order to quantify its perfor-mance. The most important factors including the thermal losses are combined into a single equation and thus formulate a mathematical model.

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Civil Engineering and Survey Engineering

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Name: Dr. Raed Abdulrahman H Alsalhi

Work place: Qassim University

Job title: Faculty member


Paper title: Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram and safety in Urban Network

Paper abstract:

The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) remains a common tool of choice for evaluating and controlling urban traffic networks. In particular, the MFD provides a consistent and reliable method to develop algorithms that improve traffic conditions. Similar to congestion, safety is an important externality of traffic. However, there is a limited understanding of the theoretical underpinnings for the relationship between MFD and safety. Based on previous studies, generally, traffic flow and speed have been found to significantly influence traffic safety. The theory and relationship between safety and MFD will provide insights into the correlation of crashes and traffic flow, and this will help the development of dynamic control measures to improve safety. This is achieved via the assessment of traffic and accident data collected on Al-Urubah and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq road segments located in the centre of Riyadh, the capital and largest city of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results show some well-defined relationships. This model will enable policy makers and traffic planners to understand the real-time correlation between traffic characteristics and safety from a macroscopic viewpoint.

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Name: Dr. Galal Abdalla Ali Mohamed & Altaiyb Omer Ahmed

Work place: Sudan- Khartoum- Sudan University of Scince and technology



Paper title: Comparative Analysis and Prediction of Traffic Accidents and Causalities Using Statistical Methods and ANN

Paper abstract:

This paper aim to study the major victims of speeding and racing of youth drivers and their psychological behavior in traffic accidents including the level of risk in their safety. Although the population of younger drivers has decreased over recent years, their crash rates have increased. For instance, Sudan population is (approxi-mately) 39 million out of which the number of youth is 11 million only, about 31 %. Studies have associated their higher crash rates with social and physiological influences and youthful behavior. The main causes of accidents are generally high speed (over 50%) and careless driving (around 40%) both related to drivers, mainly young drivers. Studies have indicated that the age group from 21 to 40 (the youth group) recorded the highest rate of causalities of close to 50 %. Young drivers have inherited risk that may be as high as 80 % compared to adult drivers. The authors realize that future anticipation and prediction of accidents, casualties, fatalities and injuries will enhance development and implementation of safety measures. As such, the paper presents the results of a comprehensive study to forecast accidents, casualties, fatalities and injuries. There is a many methods use to make forecasting, namely multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear model (MLM) and conduct the main problems that face the multiple linear regression. STATA and SPSS packages were applied to conduct the result. Data covering the period from 1991 to 2012 were used to predict for years 2014 to 2020. Among the three methods employed, ANN showed better prediction capabilities. The multivariable model better to determine which in dependents variable use in study more effect are. Keywords: Accidents, Casualties, Prediction, Statistics, ANN.

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Name: Dr. Mabrouk Belgacem Mabrouk Touahmia

Work place: University of Hail



Paper title: Assessment of Pavement Conditions Based on Road Users’ Perceptions

Paper abstract:

Over the past three decades, the road transport network in Saudi Arabia has experienced remarkable development to keep pace with the fast-growing population and very large growth in vehicles numbers. The total length of paved roads constructed up to the year 2016 rose to approximately 66000 km, of which 5000 km were expressways, 12000 km dual carriage roads and 49000 km single carriage roads. Operating, maintaining and developing this road infrastructure effectively is becoming increasingly challenging for transport agencies. These roads have normally been designed and constructed to serve for long periods before requiring any major repair or rehabilitation. However, in many cases these pavements experience premature deterioration in forms of roughness, fatigue cracking and surface rutting that affect the performance of the pavement and require enor-mous funds for maintenance and repair. The stresses caused by heavy loads may result in micro-cracking in as-phalt materials and may also cause permanent deformation in pavement layers. Pavements performance can be attributed to various factors such as design specifications, construction materials and methods, traffic loads, en-vironmental conditions, and maintenance management systems. Understanding the effect of these interlocking factors on pavements’ performance could be of great help to transport agencies to refine their construction and maintenance specifications and improve their transportation services for customers. Public perceptions of road network’s serviceability can provide useful information on pavements’ performance because of its influence on user’s ride quality and its link to highway safety. Based on such comprehensive information, road agencies and other related authorities could predict the extent to which pavement current level of performance meets users’ expectation and where improvements are most needed to meet users satisfaction. The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the main causes of asphalt pavement distresses and to develop a deterioration prediction model for Hail’s pavement management system. For this purpose, a road-users satisfaction survey was designed and distributed to the local residents in Hail city to assess their perceptions of Hail’s local roads. Pavement defects and maintenance data has been collected from the Department of Transport and from a site survey conducted on a number of identified local road segments. This paper presents the main findings of this study and explains the variables that better describe the mechanism of pavement distress. Based on these re-sults, a pavement deterioration prediction model has been developed to forecast future maintenance needs and consequential road conditions. It is expected that the results of this study will greatly enhance the capabilities of the pavement management system applied in Hail roads. Among other benefits, this model will allow agencies to predict the timing for maintenance or rehabilitation activities and estimate the long-range funding requirements.

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Name: Dr. Yousif Mohamed Abdelmoneim Osman & Dr. Galal A Ali

Work place: Saudi Consolidated Engineering Company Khatib & Alami

Job title: Senior Traffic Engineer


Paper title: Urban Transport Planning and Development, Case Study Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) for Khartoum State in Sudan

Paper abstract:

Sudan is a fast growing-economy country. The rapid development of the country led to excessive increase in traffic. On the other hand, the high rate of growth in the industrial area requires highly specialized vehicles de-manding advanced specifications for heavy-load and large-spacing trucks. Furthermore, the fast increase in the income resulted in excessive increase in private cars causing severe traffic congestion almost everywhere in the State. The objective of this paper was to overview related experiences with regarding design and implementa-tion of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems worldwide. Due consideration was given to comparing across a spectrum of service qualities and costs of BRT and other competing modes of public transportation. Regarding the BRT system under consideration, the review included pertinent characteristics such as design and operation in terms of running ways, rolling stock, route configurations, stations and fare collection standards. This was followed by a comparison of the cost of BRT and performance relative to urban rail transit systems. Cost effectiveness of rail and BRT systems in relation to urban densities were also compared. Principles of Research Methodology were applied to compare BRT system and urban-rail system with existing public transportation and improvement op-tions in the State in term of system feasibility and design, corridor planning, passenger information system and traffic analysis. Results, conclusions and recommendations include bus rapid transit BRT improves capacity and reliability relative to conventional bus system Typically, a BRT system is characterized by roadway is dedicated to buses, providing priority to buses at intersections to avoid interaction of buses other traffic. Side design features reducing delays caused by passengers boarding or leaving buses. BRT aims at combining capacity and speed of a metro with the flexibility, lower cost and simplicity of a bus system. The paper further emphasizes that BRT achieves several other advantages at the administration level, users and operators in terms of economic and traffic considerations. Keywords: Urban Transport, BRT, Capacity, Traffic Congestion, Rail Transit.

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Name:Dr. Ahmed W A Hammad

Work place: Curtin University



Paper title: Use of BIM as a Design Economic Decision Support System

Paper abstract:

In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has attracted vast interest from both academics and practitioners in the field of construction engineering. The use of such technology offers significant time and cost reductions for the delivery of the project. An interesting area of research lies in the use of BIM for comparing between design alternatives proposed for a specific project. Currently, there is a lack of appropriate assessment approaches to capture the differences between proposed designs. This work proposes a framework to aid de-cision makers in choosing between alternative designs through the integration of building information models with material libraries, project schedules and machinery inventory. A fixed set of design economic parameters, whose attributes are shared between the proposed designs, are defined to allow for a reasonable comparison across economic design criteria. The proposed framework is tested on a realistic case example, highlighting its applicability as a decision support tool for project design assessment and selection.

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Name: Dr. Moath Alyahya

Work place: independent

Job title: Professional Engineer


Paper title: Construction Organizations’ Readiness for Electronic Tendering: Saudi Arabian Experience

Paper abstract:

Abstract the use of electronic tendering (e-Tendering) has increased within the construction procure-ment technologies and has become one of the main elements of the e-Procurement family. The success of e-Tendering may be affected by several factors; one of them is assessing e-Tendering readiness prior to imple-mentation. This requires the organization to have a minimum level of readiness needed for successful e-Ten-dering or for improving current e-Tendering practice. However, the literature review reveals that e-Tendering in construction has a low uptake; many organizations have not successfully implemented e-Tendering or do not practice e-Tendering. Consequently, there is need for a specific model to assess an organization’s readiness for e-Tendering in construction prior to implementation. In addition, it is necessary to identify the vulnerable areas of an organization before moving to e-Tendering. In this paper, a number of general models and frameworks are re-viewed to help identify which would be the best model to use for e-Tendering. This review forms the framework for developing a specific model which will best meet the purpose. The model is developed by following reliable principles framed by a thorough literature review, including a review of critical success factors and barriers. The proposed model, the “e-Tendering Readiness Model” (e-TRM), is formed with reference to established models for general e-Readiness in construction. The a priori e-TRM is a general conceptual model and has five themes. One of the themes, service providers, is hypothesized with its items and constructs for the first time. The other themes are people, processes, technology and work environment. Altogether, e-TRM has 13 constructs be-longing to the five themes, which will assess an organization’s readiness for e-Tendering. To validate the a priori e-TRM, a questionnaire survey conducted in the Saudi Arabian context examines the model empirically. The data is first factorized to check the reliability and the internal consistency of the constructs. The initial results lead to an extended a priori e-TRM which consists of nine constructs (factors). Then, the extended a priori e-TRM is confirmed using SEM. The hypotheses are tested, revealing interesting findings for the causal relationships between the e-Tendering constructs and e-Tendering readiness. Only three constructs have a significant effect on e-Tendering readiness: service providers, organization structure, and systems and software; these findings will be reflected in the posterior e-TRM. The findings confirm that among the constructs, the service provider, which is hypothesized for first time, has the most effect. Lastly, the a priori e-TRM is generally developed for e-Tendering in construction worldwide. However, the posterior e-TRM is specific for the Saudi Arabian case, but could be developed with similarities or differences if tested in other countries. Therefore, this study contributes to future research by setting up a framework for examining the model in another context, thus strengthening the e-Tendering knowledge base.

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Name: Mr. Sultan Alsofyani & Andrew Fox

Work place: Plymouth University

Job title: PhD Researcher


Paper title: Culture in the Construction Industry of Saudi Arabia, Disputes and the Arbitration

Paper abstract:

This paper will investigate links between contractual disputes and project cultures in the construction industry of Saudi Arabia. The authors found that across the different geographies of the Middle East and within the rich cultures of the Arabian Peninsula, there is little evidence in published literature to explain links between contractual disputes and constituents of project cultures, which include the values, ethics, leadership, and man-agement systems of all parties engaged in the construction process. As such, there is a need to deepen current understanding of the role that culture plays in the evolution of project disputes on construction projects across the region. Using Saudi Arabia as a case study, the paper will guide the reader through a number of culturally engaged practices that have the potential to stimulate and rethink social relations in construction project com-munities and will outline proposals that serve to illustrate how the law and regulations, in relating to dispute resolution, can be applied more effectively. The paper will draw attention to the arbitration in construction as one of the dispute resolution approach in private sectors in the country. Consequently, the discussion mentions why the arbitration is not applied in the public projects and the role of culture behind that. Overall, the paper will draw a picture about three main pillars in the research that are related to the construction projects; culture, dispute and arbitration.

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Name: Eng. safaa abdelahab Mohammed Idriss

Work place: Ministry of water Resources, Irrigation and Electricity - Fedderal Government

Job title: Water Resources Engineer


Paper title: IWRM: an appraoch for enhanchment Water Governance in the Republic of Sudan

Paper abstract:

This article presents an outline of the methodology adopted by a new project on Integrated Water Re-sources Management (IWRM) for Sudan initiated in August 2016 and some of the initial findings. The article aims to share tools for realizing the IWRM concept with Water professional and exchange knowledge with practitioner so that the best possible practice will prevail throughout Sudan. Its approach is unique and new in Sudan in that it is characterized by the integration of engineering approach and non-engineering approach. By engineering approach, a water balance analysis is to be conducted looking into water resources potential, possible supply amount and future demand for water for various purposes till 2035. By social approach, the solutions proposed by engineering approach will be refined and developed to enhance their applicability and effectiveness. The non-engineering approach comprises institutional and organizational analysis, social and cultural analysis, stra-tegic environmental assessment (SEA) and participatory consensus building. The basic principle is to ensure en-vironmental sustainability of water resources management in Sudan by restraining the demands for water while ensuring the envisioned economic growth as well as minimizing investments on new water source facilities by enhancing the efficiency of the existing water source facilities. Keywords: IWRM, Engineering approach, Social and cultural analysis, SEA, Institutional and orgizational analysis, participatory consensus building.

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Name:Dr. Ahmed Serag Faried Mahmoud & Abdulrahman Esam Roushdy & Mostafa Amin Abo-Hashema

Work place: Fayoum University



Paper title: Nanotechnology-based Waste Materials as a Replacement of Cement in Rigid Pavements

Paper abstract:

Portland cement (PC) is used in the production of Portland cement concrete (PCC) to construct many infrastructure components such as rigid pavements. Using waste materials in concrete production could be an effective measure in maintaining the environment, improving the properties of concrete, and reducing cost of production by means of substitution of PC with waste materials. Nowadays, pavement technologist and re-searchers had put their interests on nanotechnology and they had found that nano materials have significant effects in improving the strength and durability of PCC. This paper outlines the importance of using Nanotech-nology-based waste materials to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of rigid pavements by replac-ing PC with different types of nano particles in different dosages. The experimental work, using waste materials such as ceramic waste (CW) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), conducted in three phases. In phase 1, CW was used with 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%; while in phase 2, GGBFS was used with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight of cement. In phase 3, the best three ratios of CW was used in con-junction with the best ration of GGBFS. Modified PCC mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive and flexural strength to the conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties at 7 and 28 days to achieve the optimum percentage of the partial replacement of cement with waste material. It could be concluded that CW and GGBFS could be effective utilized as a replacement of cement in PCC.

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Name: Dr. Ruslan B Hassan

Work place: Malaysia Institute of Transport



Paper title: Physical & Behavioral Models and CBA for Transportation Sustainability

Paper abstract:

Transportation in the early 21st. Century requires us to be very conscious of complexity on many dimen-sions. In addition to traditional micro-design consideration such as cost and level of service variables, ‘mac-ro-design’ performance which includes flexibility, adaptability and sustainability needs to be considered. The latter with the design principle of Economics, Environment and Social Equity is to be the focus of this paper. In this presentation, the multi- and interdisciplinary approach to transportation within the context of sustainability. A natural science model (Gaussian Distribution Model) about the spreading of air pollution (NO) will be coupled to a behavioral model, using green logistics (eco-driving) approach in freight transportation. Public Transporta-tion Policies and CBA for High-Speed Trains will also be discussed. Modified wording’s model subsidy economic will be presented. Finally, the extension of the scientific basis for effective policy making in de-carbonization will be forwarded and recommended.

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Name: Dr. Nadia mahmoud omar noufal

Work place: National Housing and Building Research Center



Paper title: EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE ROAD PAVEMENT UTILIZING POROUS CONCRETE

Paper abstract:

Porous concrete has the characteristic of allowing water to pass through its porous matrix. Porous con-crete pavement is considered a sustainable road pavement system due to its ability to drain, manage and collect storm water in addition to other benefits such as noise reduction. The pavement system consists of three layers: a top porous concrete layer, a sub base layer of aggregate for water storage in the middle and sub grade soil layer below. It has been in use for many years as pavement for low volume traffic applications, sidewalks, and parking lots. In order to expand the applications of porous concrete as a sustainable pavement system, addition-al research and testing must be done into its structural performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the structural performance of porous concrete pavements and compare several strengthening schemes for the porous concrete pavements. An experimental program was conducted where twelve slabs were cast and tested having dimensions 1000 * 1000 * 150 mm. Two plain concrete slabs acted as control, four slabs had 0.1% and 0.2% fibrillated polypropylene added to the mix for reinforcement, four slabs were strengthened by two types of gorged and the last two slabs were strengthened by glass rods. The tested slabs were placed over of a stiff rub-ber layer and the load was applied by a circular plate placed at the center of the slabs. The load was increased up to failure and the deformations and strains were recorded. The experimental procedure is explained and the results presented and discussed. The obtained results explain the structural behavior of pervious concrete slab on grade specimens and demonstrate the effectiveness of reinforcing materials and schemes in increasing the load capacity of the slabs. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future research are given. Key-words: Porous concrete, concrete pavement, pavement reinforcement, sustainable road pavements.

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Name: Dr. Eng. Khaled Mohamed Khalifa Kheder

Work place: Al Riyadh

Job title: Head of Geotechnical Engineering Department


Paper title: Hydrological Modeling using Remote Sensing and GIS Tools for Water Resources Management: A case study of Wadi Al Roma Watershed, Al Quasseem, Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

This research focuses on significance of satellite images and DEM for extracting the main relative hy-drological parameters for Al Roma watershed in Al Quasseem province. Furthermore, drainage analysis param-eters and land use / land cover patterns have been evaluated and interpreted for the watershed management. Hydrological modeling has been carried out using ArcGIS 10.2.2 software in order to simulate and delineate the watershed and the main morphometric parameters based on SRTM DEM. The hydrological simulation produced by hydrology module in GIS software gave us the stream order of the watershed which ranges from first to fifth order showing a dendritic type of drainage network. In addition, the drainage density has been estimated to be medium to high which denotes that the area within the watershed contains sedimentary rocks and soils having a high permeability. As morphometric parameters, the bifurcation ratio varies from 3 to 5 and the elongation ration reaches 1 which appears that the basin belongs to elongated shaped basin category. In this sense, land use and land cover map of the watershed was realized from latest available multispectral satellite images and whole watershed covers under agricultural land, built up areas, fallow land, sand dunes and water body. In this purpose, Eras Imagine 2014 software will be applied in order to classify the study area using more than classifi-cation algorithms and compare these results with those obtained by GIS software for the adopted period (2000, 2005 and 2015). Hence, proper management of the watershed is required or else these resources will soon be lost and no longer be able to play their role in socioeconomic development of the area.

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Name: Dr. Ebrahem Eid 2. & 1. Dr. Muhammad Arshad

Work place: King Khalid University



Paper title: Environmental Impact of Jazan Economic City on Mangrove Forests along the Southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast.

Paper abstract:

It occupies an area of 113 square kilometers and stretches 12 kilometers along the Red Sea Coast. Key components of JEC are aluminum smelter, limonite smelting plant, refinery, ship building, industrial port, power plant, and water desalination plant and iron ore complex besides other secondary industries. Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA) anticipates 20% of the Kingdom’s GDP from these Economic Cities by the end of 2020. In the present research, which is funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (Grant NO. 280) at King Khalid University, Abha, we present our findings by using literature review, in situ and remote sensing techniques the serious environmental impact of industrial setup at JEC on mangrove stands, water quality along the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast and air pollution. Climate change is an issue that has huge concerns worldwide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is one of the important factors in global climate change. With the increase of atmospheric CO2, there is a growing public and scientific concern over the carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of various terrestrial ecosystems, especially wetlands. Many scientists have suggested that the sequestration of CO2 in soil organic carbon could contribute significantly to adhere with the Kyoto Protocol in stabilizing the atmospheric abundance of CO2 and other greenhouse gases to mitigate the risks of global warming. In the current study, we report on the effect of Jazan Economic City on the distribution of soil organic carbon in mangrove forests located in the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast. Sampling was carried out in three locations along the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast. Two locations represent virgin sites and one represents polluted site. In each of the sampling location, ten soil cores were taken. The mean distribution of soil bulk density in the virgin and polluted sites increased significantly with depth reaching the maximum at a depth of 45-50 cm. The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in the virgin sites declined significantly with depth from 26.0 g C kg−1 at depth 0-5 cm to 11.7 g C kg−1 at depth 45-50 cm. SOC concentration in the polluted site declined significantly with depth from 23.0 g C kg−1 at depth 0-5 cm to 9.6 g C kg−1 at depth 45-50 cm. As expected, an exponential function was developed between SBD (g cm−3) and SOC concentration (g C kg−1) for the soils of mangrove forests where SOC concentration and SBD were negatively correlated. The SOC pool in virgin sites was 1.14 times as that of polluted site. The carbon sequestration rate (CSR) ranged between 6.6 g C m−2 year−1 in the polluted site and 7.8 g C m−2 year−1 in the virgin sites. Thus, it is necessary to protect and restore these mangrove forests especially polluted locations for carbon sequestration, as well as other eco-system services that currently lack effective protection. It is hoped that if strict regulations are implemented for the successful operation of JEC and water and air pollution concerns are addressed resulting from Jazan mega industrial city, the vision 2020 as the most competitive economies in the world .could be met by 2020.

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Name: Dr.Saleh Abdulaziz Altwaijri

Work place: King Saud University and currently Loughborough University in UK

Job title: Assistant professor


Paper title: Analyzing the Frequency of Traffic Crashes in Riyadh City Using Statistical Models and Geograph-ical Information Systems (GIS)

Paper abstract:

Increased residential, transport, and educational areas of land use is associated with the decreased level of fatal and serious crashes occurrences. KEYWORDS: Traffic safety, Riyadh city, Crash frequency, GIS, Negative Binomial model.

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االسم : المهندس/ حسين بن علي المعشيجهة العمل : شركة التصوير الجوي السعودية المحدودة

المسمى الوظيفي : المدير العام[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : الطائرات بدون طيار في مجال هندسة المساحة

ملخص الورقة العلمية:

أصبحــت الطائــرات بــدون طيــار حقيقــة وواقــع فــي وقتنــا الحالــي. حيــث قــد ال يمــر يومــا مــن أيامنــا الحاليــة بــدون مشــاهدة أو ســماع خبــر فــي وســائلنا اإلعالميــة عــن تقنيــة الطائــرات بــدون طيــار. فقــد أصبحــت تســتخدم فــي أغلــب المجــاالت والتــي نذكــر منهــا المراقبــة األمنيــة، اإلنتــاج اإلعالمــي، وســائل النقــل، اإلنقــاذ ،وفــي المجــاالت الهندســية. ســنركز فــي بحثنــا هــذا عــن اســتخدام الطائــرات بــدون طيــار فــي مجــال هندســة المســاحة ) انتــاج الخرائــط المســاحية الطبوغرافيــة والتفصيليــة(. حيــث أنــه فــي الثــالث ســنوات الماضيــة أصبحــت هــذه التقنيــة مــن أحــدث المصــادر التــي ســاعدت فــي الحصــول علــى المعلومــات المســاحية بدقــة عاليــة وجهــد ووقــت أقــل. ســنقوم مــن خــالل هــذا البحــث التعــرف علــى المخرجــات المســاحية التــي يمكــن الحصــول عليهــا مــن الطائــرات بــدون طيــار وكيفيــة توظيفهــا فــي المشــاريع الهندســية. وأيضــا ســنقوم بعــرض تجــارب محليــة تــم

تنفيذهــا باســتخدام الطائــرات بــدون طيــار والتــي ســاعدت فــي اثبــات كفــاءة هــذه التقنيــة فــي مجــال هندســة المســاحة.

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Architecture and Urban Heritage Engineering

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Name: Dr. Ahmad Hamed Baik




Paper title: HBIM as a model of UNESCO’s World Heritage Nomination File

Paper abstract:

Since the UNESCO constitution was established in 1945, and since the global convention for the protec-tion of the World’s Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972, a variety of challenges and issues have emerged in rela-tion to providing UNESCO world heritage nomination files (WHNF). The UNESCO World Heritage have published a resource manual to help with the preparation of the nomination files. This manual is intended to provide basic principles and guidance to assist state parties as they begin the working process. However, the resource manual states that, “there are many different ways to prepare a nomination file” and there is no recommended method defined. This could provide validity to the task of improving and creating other methods to aid with preparing the nomination file. In the last decade, a number of traditional surveying methods have been used for several heri-tage sites in the world in order to provide the nomination files. However, these methods have proved unreliable as they have always missed out critical and comprehensive details, as well as taking a long time to process. As such, these issues can affect the UNESCO world heritage nomination and the world heritage community deci-sions. The concept of using terrestrial laser scanning and Photogrammetry has been utilized in many heritage sites around the world. Besides, the integration of the laser scanning output data and the Building Information Modelling (BIM) has also been introduced as a new method for documenting and managing these heritage sites and is known as Heritage BIM (HBIM). This research will focus on developing an interactive approach to the doc-umentation, sharing, digitizing, and management of the heritage buildings. This will be through collecting data from various sources, including geometrical, dimensional, historical, thematic, and constructive information, to be used as a new model for meeting the requirements of UNESCO’s WHNF.

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Name: Dr. Adnan Abdullah AL Jaber

Work place: Saudi commotion Authority for Tourism and National Heritage

Job title: Protection and Documentation Department Director


Paper title: Establishment and Application of GIS Database in Urban Heritage Conservation Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

The project is about the establishment and application of GIS database in urban heritage conservation. It first mines the needed data for database establishment from literature review. Then, a series of GIS database will be designed for urban heritage conservation, which integrates three parts: one is for Urban Heritage Inventory; another is for Urban Visual Management, and the other is for Evaluation and classification of urban heritage sites. Finally, a case of At-Turaif District in ad-Dir’iyah, Historic Jeddah, Al Hasa Oasis, Rijal Almaa in Asir Province Sau-di Arabia is applied to show the application result of the GIS database. Starting from the information contained in the previous, through this phase of the work we try to define what can be the activities for the implementation of a real system dedicated to the disaster risk management (DRM) for cultural heritage and sustainable tourism based on the use of the Geodatabase (GIS).

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Name: Dr. Eslam Mahmoud Hassan Nofal & Andrew Vande Moere

Work place: KU Leuven



Paper title: Phygital Museum Experience: A Communication Medium of Saudi Heritage Museums’ Collections

Paper abstract:

Communication is one of the primary functions of museums and heritage environments. Museum ar-tefacts possess vast amounts of information, which has to be communicated to the general public. This infor-mation ranges from explicit knowledge which is easy to document and to convey (e.g. names, dates, numbers, etc.), to more qualitative information and tacit knowledge which is more challenging to document, to measure and to communicate. However, the latter is more valuable because it provides context, experiences, practices, and competences. For communicating this type of information, museums apply different methods, ranging from oral narrative, to more embedded interactive technologies for storytelling such as virtual and augmented reality applications. Nevertheless, few museums recently began to design and deploy Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) in order to physicalize the experience with museum objects. For instance, tangible smart replicas have been used in museum exhibitions to provide an additional layer (narrative content) of story-telling on top of explicit information presented on text labels next to the original objects. Also, anecdotal evidence shows that the touch and manipulation affordances of TUIs in interactive exhibits tend to attract more visitors, even persuade them to explore further and deeper. According to the museum communication model of Hooper-Greenhill, we consider that tangible interaction approach is as a promising communication medium for enabling museum visitors to turn from passive receivers to active users by interpreting their experiences according to a set of individual and social factors. This paper therefore introduces the concept of “Phygital Museum Experience”, the integration of digital technology ‘into’ physical reality, as a potential medium for more enriched and playful communication of Saudi heritage values and qualities. We propose that this concept should enable the exploitation of typical advantages of both digital and physical reality, and that distinct categories of phygital can be recognized based on: 1) the level of physical affordance; and 2) in how far the technology is integrated into the physical reality. We argue also that this approach has several objectives; (a) it makes the museum experience more collaborative and enhances social interaction, (b) it actively engages young museum visitors by allowing them physically explore the museum collections, and (c) it stimulates subtle learning experiences by communicating heritage information during interactions and experimentations. The paper offers the phygital approach as a one step forward towards achieving an effective communication with heritage museums’ collections in Saudi Arabia. The future implementation and application of the proposed approach will be tested by museum visitors at selected Saudi museums. The findings, analysis and required refinements of this approach will be reported accordingly.

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االسم : د.عماد عثمان مصطفى محمد أحمدجهة العمل : كلية الهندسة - جامعة األزهر

المسمى الوظيفي : مدرس بقسم التخطيط العمراني

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : الواقع االفتراضي والطباعة ثالثية االبعاد كأحد آليات التوثيق والحفاظ وتنمية المعرفة بالتراث

العمراني


إن التــراث العمرانــي هــو ميــراث االنســان وماضيــه المــادي المشــاهد والمحســوس والذي يكــون إذا ما اقتــرن بتراثة المجتمعــي والــذي هــو ميراثــة النظــري المعنــوي والمقــروء ؛ تاريــخ االنســان وموروثــة الحضــاري ، فعلــى هــذا العمــران التاريخــي كتبــت النصــوص ووضعــت العبــارات وصيغــت الحكــم ونقشــت الرســوم ومورســت الفنــون ، فصــار هــذا التــراث العمرانــي بشــكلة ومضمونــة معبــرا تعبيــرا حقيقيــا عــن البعــد الثقافــي للمجتمــع ، ومــرآة عاكســة لماضيــة الحضــاري ؛ ذلــك الماضــي والــذي إن حســنت قراءتــه وفهمــة ربمــا ســاعد ذلــك فــي فهــم الحاضــر وســاعد علــى التنبــؤ بمــا فــي المســتقبل. ومــن ثــم يصيــر الحفــاظ علــى هــذا التــراث العمرانــي وذلــك الميــراث الثقافــي واجبــا مجتمعيــا علــى كل فــرد والــذي يمثــل قيمــة حضاريــة لــكل فــرد مــن أفــراد المجتمــع. لذلــك فــإن التهــاون أو اإلهمــال فيمــا يتعلــق بالموروثــات الحضاريــة التــى تثــرى العمــران مــا هــو إال غيــاب للوعــى القومــى بالقيــم الحضاريــة وإهــدار لثــروة وطنيــة وتراجــع للبعــد الثقافــى لــدى المجتمــع. و كنتيجــة لعوامــل عديــدة ارتبطــت بالنمــو العمرانــي المتســارع أو باالســتغالل االقتصــادي البحــت الغيــر عابــئ بالقيــم الحضاريــة والتراثيــة أو بعــدم االهتمــام بعمليــات الترميــم واإلرتقــاء والتطويــر وتطبيــق سياســات الحفــاظ أو بســب الحــروب والمعــارك الدائــرة فــي نطــاق الكثيــر مــن المناطــق التراثيــة بالعديــد مــن الــدول أو بســبب التطــرف التــي أصــاب الفكــر االنســاني فــي بعــض األحيــان فجعلــة يهــدم تراثــة ويدمــر آثــاره ، ومــن ثــم بــدأت الكثيــر مــن المناطــق التراثيــة فــي التدهــور والمبانــي التراثيــة فــي التهــدم واالختفــاء. ومــن ثــم يتعــرض البحــث إلــى محاولــة إلعــادة طــرح أســاليب مبتكــرة وغيــر تقليديــة كآليــة مــن آليــات التوثيــق والحفــاظ وتنميــة المعرفيــة بالتــراث العمرانــي. ولكــن تكمــن إشــكالية البحــث فــي أن التــراث العمرانــي شــئ مــادي مربتــط بالموقــع ال يمكــن نقلــة مــن مــكان آلخــر كمــا أنــه ال يمكــن عزلــة عــن إطــاره المحيــط كمــا أنــه متأثــر جيــد بمــا يــدور فــي نطاقــة المجــاور، وعلــى الرغــم مــن أنــه يمكــن الحفــاظ عليــة وتطويــرة واإلرتقــاء بــه وحمايتــه مــن التعديــات والمخالفــات فــي كثيــر مــن األحيــان ، إال أنــه فــي أحيــان أخــرى مثــل أوقــات المعــارك والحــروب ال يمكــن القيــام بذلــك ، وخاصــة عندمــا ال يكــون الحجــر فقــط والــذي هــو المكــون األساســي لذلــك التــراث بــل اإلنســان نفســه الــذي أقــام هــذا التــراث هدفــا آلالت القصــف والتدميــر. ومــن ثــم يأتــي دور الرفــع الرقمــي والنقــل اإللكترونــي لهــذا التــراث والتخزيــن االفتراضــي لــه بــل والطباعــة ثالثيــة األبعــاد أفضــل وســيلة لحفظــة إذا تعــذر الحفــاظ المــادي عليــه وخاصــة ــه ونشــر وتوســيع قاعــدة التفاعــل ــة ب ــة المعرف ــه وتنمي ــة وإدارت ــات الحــروب والمعــارك ، وأيســر وســيلة لتوثيق ــي أوق فمعــه والمســاهمة فــي تطويــرة واالرتقــاء بــه والحفــاظ عليــه فــي أوقــات الســلم. ومــن ثــم يهــدف البحــث إلــى إيجــاد بدائــل تكنولوجيــة تســاعد فــي التوثيــق والحفــظ الرقمــي وتســاهم فــي الحفــاظ المــادي علــى هــذا التــراث العمرانــي وتدعــم عمليــات تنميــة المعرفــة بهــذا التــراث والترويــج الســياحي لــه بمــا يدعــم عمليــات االســتفادة الماديــة منــه ومــن ثــم اســتخدامة كرافــد مــن روافــد الدخــل للــدول. كمــا يهــدف البحــث إلــى توســيع قاعــدة التفاعــل مــع هــذا التــراث العمرانــي ســواء مــن خــالل انتقــال الزائريــن رقميــا لزيــارة تلــك المناطــق التراثيــة والتفاعــل معهــا ، أو انتقــال تلــك المناطــق افتراضيــا إلــى الزائريــن مــن خــالل مواقــع إلكترونيــة يتــم الولــوج إليهــا مــن خــالل أجهــزة الكمبيوتــر والهاتــف النقــال. و يهــدف البحــث أيضــا إلــى إيجــاد بدائــل افتراضيــة تســاهم فــي حفــظ التــراث العمرانــي رقميــا يمكــن أن تســاعد فــي عمليــات الترميــم فــي حالــة تدهــور

تلــك المناطــق التراثيــة أو خلــق نســخ تشــابهية مماثلــة فــي حالــة تعرضهــا للهــدم والتخريــب.

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Name: Dr. Ahmed Omar Mustafa Alamouri

Work place: Berlin Technical University, Taibah University, Madinah

Job title: Associate Prof


Paper title: Towards using non-calibrated historical images for heritage documentation

Paper abstract:

In photogrammetry two main scenarios could be distinguished, the first one (which is more likely) deals with high-resolution images and the data of cameras used is complete available. In this scenario, the extraction of the data needed from images could be achieved in an easy way. In addition, the most cases in this scenario we deal with different image types (e.g. nadir images, oblique, etc.) separately. In contrast, there is other scenar-io, within various questions could be posed such as: what to do if we have to deal with historical images captured from old cameras? What the case if there is no data available about the cameras used? How to achieve the camera calibration in a best way? What about the combination between different historical images types? These questions are actually the main motivation why we think to suggest a strategy that introduces a reasonable con-tribution for relative image orientation of non-calibration, historical photos. Furthermore, within this research the potential of combining of the different types historical photographs for the documentation issues is discussed. We propose an effective approach in order to perform this combination as well as an optimal orientation of the photos and the calibration of the used cameras. In this research, all experimentations and investigations have been achieved using the historical images and data available of the historical city of Baalbek in Lebanon.

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Name: Dr. Mohamed Atef Elhamy Kamel & Mohamed Wahba Ibrahim Khalil

Work place: Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA



Paper title: STANDARDS OF CONSERVATION OF BUILT VERNACULAR HERITAGE A CASE STUDY OF AT-TURAIF DISTRICT, AD-DIR’IYAH

Paper abstract:

The significance of built vernacular heritage is manifested in being a pillar in the preservation of the na-tive culture and the vernacular identity; besides, it is a touristic, economic resource and a foundation for the local community development. A myriad of the vernacular heritage areas suffer from the backlashes of negligence and deterioration. Given the importance of preserving such areas and with regard to the grave hazards to which it is subjected, in addition to the increase in the mainstream tendency towards the investment in the field of tourism, due to its economic revenues, the need to conserve such areas arises. The research aims at studying the reasons which lead to the deterioration of vernacular heritage areas, in addition to studying and listing the standards which lead to achieving the optimal sustainable preservation of these areas. The research targets the elicitation of benefits of the various experiences so as to preserve the built vernacular heritage. Therefore, the research tackles the study of At-Turaif district in the historical area of Ad-Dir’iyah in Saudi Arabia as a case. Nev-ertheless, in order to achieve the objectives of the research, the inductive and comparative analysis approaches are adopted. Literature review is conducted as well as the basic concepts, theories and standards relevant to the topic of conservation and built vernacular heritage.

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االسم : د.خالد محمود أبوبكر حسينجهة العمل : المركز القومى لبحوث االسكان والمرافق بمصر - شركة زهير فايز لالستشارات الهندسية بالسعودية

المسمى الوظيفي : استاذ دكتور مشارك[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : دور المنظومة التشريعية للعمران فى تحقيق حماية وتطوير الحدائق والمنتزهات التراثية


مــن خــال اســتعراض أنظمــة وقوانيــن وتشــريعات البنــاء فــى مصــر ولوائحهــا التنفيذيــة وخاصــة قانــون البنــاء رقــم 119 لســنة 2008 م والئحتــه التنفيذيــة نجــد انــه بــات قاصــرا، حيــث أن مــواده التشــريعية تفتقــد الــى النظــرة الشــاملة لمــدى اســتيعابها لحمايــة وتطويــر الحدائــق والمنتزهــات التراثيــة، األمــر الــذى ادى الــى انعــكاس ديناميكى علــى خصائص البيئــة الترثيــة والثقافيــة والعمرانيــة، واســتتبع ذلــك افــراز العديــد مــن الســلبيات وأوجــه القصــور التــى يــرى الباحــث أنهــا وليــدة لتلــك المنظومــة التشــريعية لهــذا القانــون والقوانيــن الســابقة لــه، والتــى أدت الــى ظاهــرة التدهــور الشــديد فــى حالــة ــى صــدور ــت ف ــى تمثل ــرات المطروحــة والت ــر نتيجــة المتغي ــرت بشــكل كبي ــى تأث ــة، والت ــق والمنتزهــات التراثي الحدائقانــون التخطيــط العمرانــى والتنســيق الحضــارى وتنظيــم أعمــال البنــاء والحفــاظ علــى الثــروة العقاريــة والصــادر بالقانــون رقــم 119 لســنة 2008م، حيــث يشــمل ســريان أحــكام هــذا القانــون علــى جميــع الكيانــات التخطيطيــة ووحــدات االدارة المحليــة بمــا فــى ذلــك القــرى والمناطــق الريفيــة وتشــير الدراســات التــى تناولــت رصــد خطــط وعمليــات التنميــة العمرانيــة بجمهوريــة مصــر العربيــة علــى مــدى الســنوات الماضيــة الــى العديــد مــن المظاهــر الســلبية التــى أعــدت لحــدوث ظاهــرة ــر ــة وتطوي ــة بحماي ــى المنظومــة التشــريعية المعني ــب القصــور ف ــى تحــدى جوان التعــدى العشــوائى. ويهــدف البحــث الالحدائــق والمنتزهــات التراثيــة، ومــدى تأثيــر اشــتراطات البنــاء عليهــا فــى المــدن والمناطــق العمرانيــة. ولتحقيــق أهــداف ــة والحدائــق ــة بالتشــريعات العمراني ــم والمحــددات المتعلق ــاول المفاهي ــه فــى عــدة أجــزاء رئيســية تتن البحــث أمكــن جملوالمنتزهــات التاريخيــة، واهميــة حمايــة الحدائــق والمنتزهــات التراثيــة فــى اســتدامة التــراث العمرانــى وتحقيــق الهويــة ــاول البحــث ــا يتن ــا بتشــريعات العمــران، كم ــة، ومــدى اتباطهم ــة العمراني ــة فضــا عــن تحســين خصائــص البيئ الوطنيقوانيــن وتشــريعات العمــران العالميــة والمحليــة ومــدى اســتيعابها لمنظــور حمايــة وتطويــر الحدائــق والمنتزهــات التراثيــة، ــق ــى منظــور الحدائ ــذا القصــور عل ــات ه ــريعى( وانعكاس ــد التش ــريعات )البع ــك التش ــى تل ــدى القصــور ف ــان م ــع بي موالمنتزهــات التراثيــة، وصــوال لصياغــة أهــم النتائــج والتوصيــات التــى تؤكــد علــى ضــرورة اســتيعاب منظومــة األطــر التشــريعية وقوانيــن البنــاء لحمايــة وتطويــر واعــادة تأهيــل الحدائــق والمنتزهــات التراثيــة بهــدف تحقيــق اســتدامة التــراث العمرانــى بشــكل خــاص، والعمــل علــى تحســين جــودة الحيــاة بشــكل عــام مــن خــال حمايــة وتطويــر وتنشــيط الحدائــق ــق ذات ــة، المناط ــات التراثي ــق والمنتزه ــاء، الحدائ ــريعات البن ــن وتش ــة: قواني ــات التعريفي ــة. الكلم ــات التراثي والمنتزه

القيمــة التراثيــة.

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االسم : د.غادة محمود احمد حسنجهة العمل : جامعة القاهرة-كلية التخطيط العمراني واالقليمي

المسمى الوظيفي : استاذ مساعد[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : المداخل المناسبة للتعامل مع المناطق التراثية-( قراءة في الواقع المصري)


تعرضــت العديــد مــن المــدن العربيــة مــن فقــدان لهويتهــا الثقافيــة والتراثيــة - اذ انــه مــع متطلبــات الحيــاه الحديثــة مــن جهــة واالهمــال وعــدم قــدرة العديــد مــن الــدول وبخاصــة الناميــة علــى الحفــاظ علــى المناطــق التراثيــة مــن جهــة اخــرى - نتيجــة لنقــص الوعــي باهميتهــا او عــدم توافــر المــوارد الماليــة الالزمــة وعــدم وجــود مشــاركة مجتمعيــة - قــد أفقدهــا القــدرة علــى الحفــاظ علــى التــراث الحضــاري واهــدار الفــرص الممكنــة. و فــي ظــل تصاعــد أهميــة المناطــق التراثيــة التــي يمكــن أن تحفــز التــردد الســياحي العالمي ورفع معدالت التوظيف على المســتوى القومي. فيزداد الدخل وتتحســن االحوال المعيشــية. وترتب عن هذا االهتمــام إفــراز العديــد مــن المحــاوالت للمحافظــة علــى المناطــق التراثيــة و سياســات متنوعــة للتعامــل معهــا. وأصبــح التحــدي الحقيقــي هــو كيفيــة اتخــاذ القــرار حــول أســلوب التعامــل مــع هــذه المناطــق وكيفيــة إدارة مقوماتهــا واســتغالل الفــرص المتاحــة منهــا بمــا يثــري الحاضــر ويحافــظ علــى القيــم التراثيــة لألجيــال المســتقبلية. و لهــذا تهــدف الورقــة البحثيــة الــى الوصــول الــى ــى أهــم المداخــل المالئمــة للتعامــل مــع علــى – المناطــق التراثيــة وأســاليب التعامــل ذات األولويــة إلنجــاح أعمــال الحفــاظ علـالتــراث فــي تلــك المناطــق المــدى القريــب والبعيــد .ولتحقيــق هــذا الهــدف اســتلزم ذلــك مناقشــة ثــالث محــاور رئيســية : المحــور األول: يهتــم بتحديــد مفهــوم القيــم و المناطــق التراثيــة وأهــم األطــراف المعنيــة بهــا ، ومــن ثــم األوضــاع الحاليــة لتــك المناطــق وأهــم المشــاكل الرئيســية بهــا مــن خــالل المنهــج االســتقرائي التحليلــي للدراســات الســابقة. المحــور الثانــي: أهــم المداخــل المناســبة للتعامــل مــع المناطــق التراثيــة. مــن خــالل منهــج تحليلــي ومقــارن لمجموعــة مــن المداخــل وأســاليب التعامــل المختلفــة. واالنتهــاء بأهــم اإليجابيــات الممكــن حدوثهــا مــن خــالل تطبيــق تلــك السياســات. ثــم أخيــرا المحــور الثالــث: ليحلــل التجــارب المحليــة

والعالميــة الممكــن االســتفادة منهــا للتوصــل الــى أهــم السياســات إلنجــاح عمليــات الحفــاظ .

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Name: Dr. Ayman Ahmed Hassan Elbeda

Work place: KSA

Job title: Head of Architecture / Senior Design Manager


Paper title: Adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Improve Design Efficiency for Buildings’ Design

Paper abstract:

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a new technical approach in design and construction of buildings and infrastructure, where all the building information are recorded, modelled and collaborated in one electronic design model. The aim is to support comprehensive design approaches and to extended the knowledge based information from the design stage to construction stage and then to building management stage. The process has a lot of benefits besides the enhancement and enrichment of the design stage which will end at increasing the design efficiency, among other benefits is also lowering the cost of construction by avoiding any misun-derstand or miss communication to contractors, which decreases technical questions and change orders. BIM increases the design efficiency as a part of the comprehensive design methodology and avoids design mistakes which increases the cost of construction latter. Research objectives: To define BIM and its role in design and construction and what are the benefits of adopting BIM on design efficiency. Research importance: The impor-tance of the paper arise now since we are at the time of utilizing resources correctly in its best use, we cannot afford now designs that due to several design coordination mistakes result in increasing construction cost or creates un studied or coordinated buildings. Keywords: Building Information Modelling (BIM), Computer Aided Design, Construction Cost, Building Management and Comprehensive Design.

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Name: Mr. TAEYEUAL YI

Work place: Prince Sultan University

Job title: Full-Time Lecturer


Paper title: BIM (Building Information Modeling) Education Program for Future Saudi Architects and Civil Engineers; A Case Study of BIM education program at Prince Sultan University

Paper abstract:

Architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is one of the largest industry sectors to sup-port the national economy so that many governments and industry leaders have put their efforts to develop new technologies which will minimize the project cost, increase productivity and quality, and reduce project delivery time. As a new technology in the AEC industry today, the advent of BIM reflects the increasingly digital, multi-disciplinary, collaboration and integrated nature of architecture and construction project delivery, first of all, influenced by the strong demand from clients and governments. The adoption of BIM has enhanced the AEC industry by means of increasing quality of project, accurate quantity take-off, improved planning, scheduling, and 3D visualization, consequently reducing project contingencies, time and cost. As a result, many developed countries have adopted BIM as a new technology, further an applicable standard in order to enhance their AEC industrial competitiveness for the last 20 years. In this respect, the future architects and civil engineers require specific knowledge and clear understanding of BIM, especially on the basis of three dimensional approach as the aspect of a new paradigm shift of AEC industry. A variety of BIM education programs have been developed and strengthened for future architects and civil engineers by governments and AEC industry’s strategy around the advanced countries. Especially, BIM education curricula as architecture and civil engineering education pro-grams have hold on important position in the leading universities in the world. This paper will explore the mean-ing of BIM as a paradigm shift of AEC industry and also look into governments’ BIM policies to drive in the world. Most of all, the paper considers BIM education programs as a core subject of engineering program of leading universities. The purpose of the study provides future architects and civil engineers with solid hand-on knowl-edge about BIM through the understanding of its theoretical and historical backgrounds as well as the practical exercise examples of the related various BIM methods, which also shows the benefits of various BIM processes and methods as used by all relevant stakeholders in the AEC industry, such as clients, design teams, construc-tion manager, contractors and maintenance operators etc. Additionally, the paper introduces other related topics as follows through the case studies for BIM education program, 1) Create 3D BIM models that extract quanti-ties for estimation purposes on the basis of input resources. 2) Operate construction schedule (4D simulation) for project planning. 3) Explore a virtual construction management process that integrated 3D BIM model with scheduling and costing, what is called, 5D simulation.

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Name: Dr. Dina Ahmed Ahmed Elmeligy

Work place: Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University

Job title: Assistant professor in Architecture


Paper title: Conceptual Architectural design based on vision 2030

Paper abstract:

Vision 2030 considers to be a promising future of Saudi Kingdom, as a great potential to achieve board-ing the scope for further developing talents and capacity of citizens, do the utmost to ensure that Muslims from around the world can visit the Holy Sites, in addition to reinforce and diversify the capabilities of its economy and turning the key strengths into enabling tools for a fully diversified future. Where architecture acts as one of these tools to meet the 2030 challenges which it can be accomplished by implementing innovative sustainable design strategies, and attempt to achieve some themes of vision 2030 in direct way. As well as the building sector and architecture can be a great solution to the climate change crisis through using energy efficient design strat-egies, incorporate including on-site power generation from renewable sources, and having access to off-site renewables if necessary. So this research focuses on analyzing themes of vision 2030 through the architectural perspective and highlights on the Conceptual Architectural design through presentation and discussion of some case studies of architectural projects in the kingdom, such as “King Abdullah Economic City, King Abdulaziz In-ternational Airport and The Kingdom Tower…..etc.” which they are underway or planned for completion by next years in Saudi Arabia. Therefor the new image of architecture nowadays is a significant embodiment to achieve vision 2030. Key words: vision 2030, architectural perspective and conceptual architectural design.

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االسم : د.محمد وهبة ابراهيم خليلجهة العمل : كلية الهندسة والعمارة االسالمية - جامعة ام القرى

المسمى الوظيفي : أستاذ التصميم العمرانى[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : تكنولوجيا الخامة الذكية وتأثيرها على تشكيل عمارة وعمران المستقبل


إذا كانــت لوحــة الرســم واأللــوان هــي مــادة الفنــان فــي التصويــر وإذا كان الحجــر والرخــام هــي مادتــه فــي النحــت، فــإن مــواد البنــاء والهيــاكل اإلنشــائية والحوائــط هــي مــادة المعمــاري فــي التصميــم، والمبانــى والطــرق وتنســيق المواقــع هــى لغــة المخطــط فــى تركيــب نســيجه العمرانــى، فمنــذ نهايــة القــرن العشــرين وبدايــة القــرن الواحــد وعشــرون شــهد العالــم تالحقــا للتطــورات التكنولوجيــة بإيقــاع ســريع فــي ظــل التطــور فــي اســتخدام التكنولوجيــا والتقنيــات الذكيــة فــي جميــع المجــاالت وخاصــة اإلنشــائية والمعماريــة منهــا، واصبحــت التكنولوجيــا هــى لغــة كافــة التخصصــات، فظهــرت صــور جديــدة غيــر تقليديــة مــن األنظمــة اإلنشــائية والتشــييدية التــي أحدثــت تطــورا جذريــا فــي شــكل وطريقــة تفكيــر المعمارييــن والمخططيــن إلنتــاج عمــارة المســتقبل، وقــد قامــت عــدة دراســات بعــرض انــواع المــواد والخامــات المختلفــة للبنــاء التقليــدي والحديــث ولكنهــا لــم تتطــرق ألهميــة دور إســتخدام المــواد والخاليــا الذكيــة فــى تشــكيل عمــارة المســتقبل وتغييــر نســيجه العمرانــى لتحقيــق مفهــوم االســتدامة وضمــان االســتمرارية لألجيــال القادمــة، وظهــر ذلــك بتطويــع وتوفيــق تقنيــة النانوحيويــة لتطويــر خليــة مفــردة مــن كائــن حــى تعيــش أطــول فتــرة مثــل قشــرة الســيليكون، مــع تجميــع هــذه الخاليــا بنفــس طريقــة تجميعهــا فــى العضــالت العضويــة لزيــادة كفــاءة التركيــب االنشــائى لهــا، وذلــك عــن طريــق توفيــر مــادة ثانــى اكســيد الســيليكون الالبلوريــة Sio2 بالتحكــم الذكــى فــى الحجــم والتركيــب، وترتكــز هــذه العمليــة علــى قابليــة التصميــم للمــواد المركبــة فــى مقيــاس النانــو )10-9 ( ، وتعتبــر هــذه العمليــة هــى أحــدث تركيــب بنائــى لجزيئــات المــادة لعالقتهــا البيولوجيــة بأصغــر جــزئ ذرى فــى تكويــن المــادة، ومــن هنــا يظهــر هــدف البحــث فــى التعــرف ــا الحديثــة المختلفــة واألســاليب التكنولوجيــة والمســتقبلية والتــى تعتبــر جــزءا هامــا مــن أســس التصميــم علــى الخامــات والخاليالمعمــاري والعمرانــى حتــى يكــون المــردود التشــكيلي للعناصــر اإلنشــائية مكمــال ومعبــرا عــن المنظومــة المعماريــة والعمرانيــة محققــا االســتدامة فــي كافــة المجــاالت ممــا يؤكــد أهميــة التكامــل بيــن المبنــى بخاماتــه الذكيــة وتكويــن نســيجه العمرانــى، وفهــم عالقــة البيئــة والمــواد البنائيــة بالنســيج العمرانــى، لذلــك فقــد إنتهــج البحــث المنهــج الوصفــى والوصفــى المقــارن لتنــاول عــدة محــاور منهــا المحــور االول وشــمل التعريــف بالتصميــم العمرانــى البيئــي والعمــارة الذكيــة، المحــور الثانــى وتضمــن أنظمــة المــواد والخاليــا الذكيــة، والمحــور الثالــث وتــم فيــه عــرض تطبيقــات اســتخدام المــواد والخاليــا الذكيــة وتأثيــره علــى التصميــم العمرانــى والمعمــارى، إنتهــاءا بالمحــور الرابــع وفيــه تــم إتبــاع المنهــج التطبيقــى والمســحى بعمــل اســتمارة إلســتبيان مفداهــا حصــر لقــدرة الفئــات المســتهدفة مــن أســاتذة الكليــات المعماريــة واالستشــاريين ومهندســى التنفيــذ وحديثــى التخــرج وطلبــة االقســام المعماريــة المختلفــة علــى التعــرف علــى هــذه الخامــات والخاليــا الذكيــة، وقــد خلــص البحــث لمجموعــة مــن النتائــج والتــى تؤكــد صحــة فرضيــة البحــث وهــى أن التقنيــات الذكيــة فــى مجــال تطويــر خامــات البنــاء والخاليــا الذكيــة ســيكون لهــا الــدور الرئيســى فــى تغييــر ســمات العمــارة والعمــران والقــدرة علــى إســتدامتهما، ويوصــى البحــث بضــرورة تعــرف الفئــات المختلفــة علــى الخامــات

والخاليــا الذكيــة لتحقيــق عمــارة وعمــران مســتدام.

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Name: Eng. Wajdy Sadagh A Qattan

Work place: Umm AL Qura University



Paper title: SAUDI HOUSING AT THE LOWEST COST

Paper abstract:

The desire to build or buy a house has the top priority for all families around the world. As the Saudi nation is growing rapidly, there is a huge demand for new, affordable and modern houses to be built. According to The Saudi Ministry of Housing (2017), there is a need to build more than 1.5 million housing unit. Meanwhile, the ministry has accomplished/achieved 60,472 housing unit and 38,500 governmental housing loan until now (Saudi Ministry of Housing, 2017). However, there are some barriers and/or obstacles that face everyone who wants to build a house such as; high construction and finishing cost, wasting time, materials and power, non-skilled workers and poor finishing quality, unnecessary cultural needs, etc. These factors are affecting, directly and indirectly, the Saudi families’ dreams and desires of having a house or at least dissatisfying/disappointing. Even though the remarkable plans and achievements of the Saudi Ministry of Housing especially the built hous-es, the question will be “is this kind of villas what we need now?” We are thankful, but there are some points/issues need to be discussed and considered in the future. This paper will discuss the role of Saudi architects to uncover the new building design, techniques, and materials to produce compatible futuristic Saudi housing. Then it will compare these new aspects with what is happening now and been happening for decades. More-over, the paper will analyses the new government “Eskan” products to highlight its pros and cons. In addition, the paper will review how the urgent Saudi housing need is contradicting with the high land price and availabil-ity. The paper will conclude with reviewing some new building and construction techniques such as the cold steel and dry walls. What are the appropriate solutions to be used to move Saudi housing forward and make a change? It is very obvious there is an urgent need to decrease the new buildings’ cost. This includes but not limited to the expenses of construction, materials, techniques, power consumption and the not wanted cultural requirements. At the same time, there is also serious need to increase the new buildings’ construction quality, running efficiency and adaptation.

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Name: Eng. Khadijah Abdulhadi Ahmed Fatani & Mady Mohammad & Samah Al-Khateeb

Work place: Dar Alhandasah

Job title: Architect / Urban Designer


Paper title: Sustainable Socio-cultural Guidelines for Neighborhood Design in Jeddah

Paper abstract:

The population growth and the urban neighborhood development in the cities around the world are inevitable. Today, many neighborhoods around the world are suffering from several problems. These problems affected the culture, social interaction, economic aspects as well as environmental impacts. Accordingly, urban development should address social and cultural aspects of each particular community within the environmental and economical context. The current research aims at developing a set of design guidelines that promotes the concept of socially sustainable neighborhoods in Saudi Arabia. Nowadays, several rating systems and urban design codes around the world set guidelines for urban design development and particularly in neighborhood design. LEED (Leadership of Environment and Energy design) for neighborhood design and QSAS (Qatar Sus-tainability Assessment System); are examples of these rating system. The research problem is; these rating systems cannot be applied in the context of Saudi Arabia without considering its local social and cultural as-pects. The research resulted as a reaction to the abbreviation of socio-cultural aspects in neighborhood design approaches. The research is depending on an analytical review of different neighborhood design approaches and case studies. Also, subjective data is being collected from experts and professionals about their points of view and their recommendations regarding neighborhood design for Jeddah city. The result of the research is a set of design guidelines that consists of design principles adjusted to fit the context of Saudi Arabia; in specific Jeddah City. Key words: Social and cultural aspects, Urban Design, Neighborhood, and Rating systems.

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Name: Eng. Ibrahim mohamed elhady mohamed elaraby ahmed

Work place: Al - Madinah Al Munawwarah - Nanotechnology Consulting Center

Job title: Chief Architect


Paper title: Study of the effect of colors change on users of architectural spaces Applied study on patients with mental retardation and autism

Paper abstract:

Colors have played throughout history and have stilled an important and key role in human life. This importance was been coupled with traditions, customs, ceremonies, and psychotherapy. Color is a key element in design, and has a special significance that is not shared and not matched by any other element of design elements, because each element no matter how important needs to color to get to know it. The sensitivity and response from one to another for colors varies greatly. As it directly affects the human psyche, and activate dif-ferent feelings in human depths, sadness, tranquility and turbulence. In the current research, we will take light on the effect of colors on the body, the soul and mood, its effectiveness in the treatment of many mental illnesses, and its impact on improving children’s behavior. We conducted a field study of patients mentally handicapped and autism. The study included 20 children of different situations. Children were exposed to (9) colors according to the scale of natural colors, which we have presented at AIC conference of the in New Castle, July 2013 (black and white + 7 colors of the spectrum). Children were exposed for each color separately using a strip of LED light contains eight colors (white + the seven colors of the spectrum), while we used colored paper to influence black. Exposing children to each color lasted two hours a day for ten days. The amount was recorded in response to the individual child on a scale of (8) degrees, begin to respond of the negative (-1) and ends of the excellent re-sponse (7). The most influential color was dark blue with average (6 degrees), followed by green (5.75) and red (5.7). Color of less influential was yellow (two degrees), followed by violet (3.85) and Orange (4.05). The most steady colors in effect were dark blue and white at a rate of change (zero) followed by Red rate of change (2). The most volatile colors were orange at the rate of fluctuation (6), followed by violet and cyan (4). Keywords: keyword1: colors, keyword2: mental retardation, keyword3: autism, keyword4: the scale of natural colors, key-word5: sensitivity, keyword6: response.

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Name: Dr. SukHee Yun

Work place: Prince Sultan University



Paper title: 2030 Housing Prototype

Paper abstract:

This research aims to propose new housing prototypes corresponding to a new urban environment of Riyadh; public Metro and transit buses transportation network in 2018. It seeks a set of attainable architectural language evolving existential value of housings and communities of Riyadh in the midst of the major shift from private automobile oriented network to public transportation system. Shifting to public transportation network means that the way communicating each other will be varied and multiplied with many options of movement which requires substantial changes of current private transportation network system socially and physically. If a public transportation system expands perception on social relationship, then how characters of housings will be different from the current housing types prioritizing privacy but lacking sense of community due to automobile oriented urban planning since 1972 in Riyadh. It seems critical to examine the impact of diversification of com-mutes to residential blocks. Therefore an invention of housing prototypes transcending own architectural factors and characters should be investigated to mediate between private and public space along with the implemen-tation of public transportation network. It investigates potential circumstances caused by implementation of public transportation network elements in residential blocks, for example, what do stations mean to residents? Where would stations be located? What will be the impact of stations to neighborhood? How will it change social scape of residential blocks? What kind of architectural settings will be followed for integration of new speed and scale to housings? How current architectonic of housing will evolve to accommodate the major shift from private environment to public environment penetrated into the residential blocks to formulate own community? Is there any opportunity to lead positive architectural responses to embrace the new urban system? Will be the sense of community identical in public oriented urban network? What kind of social and cultural infrastructure can be provided to support the shift from private oriented transportation network to public transportation network? How can residents participate to build new community? In order to actualize and promote responses to the new urban rhythm of Riyadh, it focuses to the most basic social unit, architectonic of housings, for securing cultural identity and discovers collective will to build communicative, sensible and sustainable community which was a norm in the old town of Dirriyah. The combination of architectural factors and tectonics of past, present, and future in comparative format will provide affordable housing prototypes generating sense of places engaging to the new complex urban environment which will bring dynamic communication comprised with multifaceted speed, scale, and space in daily living experience of Riyadh.

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Safety and inspection engineering

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Name: Dr. Ibrahim Abdulrahman Nasser Abuhaimid

Work place: Advanced Technology Solutions Engineering Consultancy

Job title: Manager


Paper title: Safety Considerations in the Design of High Risk Facilities

Paper abstract:

It is a common conception by most safety design engineers to think that Safety in the design of High Risk Facilities is limited to the installation of fire detection and firefighting systems. In fact, there is a need for other important safety considerations to prevent accidents. This presentation will shed the light on some of the other important systems and installations that work in parallel with the fire detection and firefighting systems to prevent human and property losses. The presentation will introduce a hydrocarbon processing facility as an example for the deployment of such additional safety systems and explain the functionality and benefit of each system.

Safety and inspection engineering

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Name: Eng. Anas abdullah al zaid

Work place: Ministry of Health

Job title: Director of Safety and Security


Paper title: Engineering Challenges in The Healthcare Settings

Paper abstract

Most local and international codes and standards (such as Saudi Building code and NFPA) categorize buildings depending on their occupants. Healthcare facilities usually have high occupancy rates, with vulnerable occupants: Patients. Therefore, Engineering requirements is much stringent. In the healthcare settings, Patients Safety can be viewed from two aspects: clinically and non-clinical. We, the engineering advocates in the health-care, always claim that the medical sector – dominated by doctors- always biased toward the clinical patient safety. The previous tragedies such Jezan General Hospital fire and current data from CBAHI support this claim. This paper review the engineering requirements in healthcare, evaluate the current status of our healthcare sector and diagnose the short comes of our systems (Govermental, NGO, and Culture). It conclude with what is needed to have save healthcare facilities.

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Name:Mr. Mohammed abdulkarim al saeefan

Work place: Aramco Saudi Arabia

Job title: Fire Protection Engineer


Paper title: Fixed Fire System Design, Installation & Inspection Governance. Getting it right

Paper abstract

The first line of defense from fires are the fixed fire detection and protection systems installed in buildings. They can change the result of an incident from a catastrophic one into a well-controlled or even extinguished fire with no major loss to life or assets. Consequently, it is crucial to properly design these systems by a qualified Fire Protection Engineer and install them according to this design. Most importantly, the need to maintain the system and inspect it according to the latest fire protection standards. Failure to do so will result in system failure and unfortunate consequences. This presentation will give an overview in addition to design and installation is-sues of the different types of fire detection systems such as: smoke detectors, beam detectors, early detection systems, air duct detectors, and UV/IR detectors. Moreover, the fire protection systems that will be covered are: water sprinklers, gaseous systems, and chemical systems. The third part of the presentation will go through the passive fire protection systems, such as: exhaust and pressurization fans, and smoke curtains. In addition, les-sons learned from common installation mistakes will be shared. Finally, the importance of conducting periodic inspections and maintaining system integrity will be shared.

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Name: Dr. Eid Salem Eid ALDossary

Work place: IAU

Job title: doctor


Paper title: The importancee of teaching design requirments of fire protection and life safety in building engi-neering schools; acsdmic experience at IAU

Paper abstract:

This paper aim to express the importance of teaching design requirements of life safety and fire protec-tion in building engineering schools similar to other building services.

61

Name:Eng. sami alyami


Job title: Fire Protection Engineer


Paper title: Fire Protection Systems Commissioning challenges in unique structures

Paper abstract:

Fire Protection Systems Commissioning challenges in unique structures: With our fast based developing world where companies and entities strive to be unique in every aspect where building codes and standards are being pushed to the limits. Erecting unique structures such as King AbdulAziz Center for World Culture created a challenge to fire protection engineers when it comes to satisfying the prescriptive safety code requirements. Performance based design approach has been utilized in nearly all parts of the KACWC thus creating a challeng-ing environment for fire protection commissioning and acceptance team. Systems such as smoke management system, Public Address and Voice Alarm system; Standpipe and sprinklers systems all must undergo rigorous tests prior to their acceptance. Building elements at instances were getting on the way of these tests where the team had to be very careful to achieve the required fire protection acceptance tests with minimal effect to the building’s elements.

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Name: Dr. Won K. Kim

Work place: Martech Fire Solutions

Job title: Principal Consultant


Paper title: Computer Based Real Time Emergency Reponse Plan

Paper abstract:

Many people agree that Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is the last layer of protection. And it can be the most reliable tool which may save the lives of occupants, only if it is carefully planned and executed without failure. Past incidents showed that ERP didn’t work properly, when ERP was prepared poorly and/or emergency responder didn’t follow the present procedure. To supplement these weak point of ERP, Computer Based Real Time ERP (CBRT-ERP) was developed. CBRT-ERP has many functions including real-time consequence analyz-ing program, emergency responding procedures prepared based on potential scenarios, automatic notification and alarm, data-base for process safety information, location identification system, automatic counting system, and incident reporting system. With all of these functions build in CBRT-ERP, emergency responder can make right decisions and save numbers of lives.

63

Name: Eng. Ali Ahmed Al bulayhi


Job title: Safety engineer


Paper title: Risk Assessment

Paper abstract:

The aim of the risk assessment paper is to demonstrate how the concepts of risk assessment were applied to the Refinery, where risks on the plant were identified, analyzed, evaluated, controlled, and mitigat-ed for all major risks at the Refinery. First, the objectives of the risk assessment were developed to guide the risk assessment process and the subsequent risk workshops. The risk assessment approach adopted at the Refinery involve the analysis of previous safety studies such as HAZOP. This was followed by workshops that were conducted with the operation units in order to identify the hazards through brainstorming of all potential credible hazards and risks, as well as through the review of previous risks studies. A qualitative risk tolerability criteria (i.e. risk matrix) was utilized to assess the hazards and determine the frequencies and consequences for the hazards, as well as to determine the severity of the risks. The control measure for the existing as well as the new hazards were recognized. As a result, if these controls are sufficient to reduce the risk to acceptable level, no further action was taken. On the other hand, if these controls are not adequate, effective recommendations were listed in the risk register to minimize the risk to acceptable level. Risk owners were assigned to follow up and apply the risk assessment recommendations.

64

االسم : المهندس سلطان محمد الدلبحي العتيبيجهة العمل : الرياض

المسمى الوظيفي : رئيس مركز الخدمات المتكاملة[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : تطبيقات وبرامج السالمة


تعــود أغلــب أســباب الحــوادث إلــى ضعــف فعاليــة وكفــاءة أنظمــة اإلنــذار والحمايــة مــن الحريــق، وكذلــك إلــى ــي أماكــن ــة ف ــش المطبق ــة والتفتي ــة الرقاب ــى ضعــف آلي ــة إل ــي مجــال الســامة باإلضاف ــن ف ــرة العاملي ــة خب ضعــف وقلالعمــل وللحــد مــن هــذه اإلشــكاليات وضبطهــا كان اإلهتمــام بالتطبيقــات المســتخدمة فــي منــع الحريــق قبــل حدوثــه فــي المنشــآت بحيــث توفــر هــذه التطبيقــات عصــارة مــا توصــل إليــه الخبــراء والمختصيــن لتوفيــر بيئــة عمــل آمنــة. وعلــى جميــع مــا تقــدم متــى مــا تــم اســتخدام إحــدى هــذه التطبيقــات بشــكل احترافــي ســواءا كانــت تطبيقــات تختــص بالتفتيــش ــة ــى تحســين بيئ ــرة ومــدى جاهزيتهــا وكل هــذا يســاعد عل ــى األنظمــة المتوف عــن الماحظــات أو خاصــة بالتشــييك علالعمــل وجعلهــا أكثــر أمانــا… ومــع تطــور التقنيــة أصبحــت هنــاك تطبيقــات متقدمــة توفــر ســهولة وســرعة اإلســتخدام مــع مخرجــات بجــودة عاليــة جــدا تحتــوى علــى التقاريــر التفصيليــة وتصنيــف الماحظــات حســب خطورتهــا مــع كيفيــة التعامــل األمثــل مــع هــذه الماحظــات. وســيتم اســتعراض أحــد هــذه التطبيقــات الحديثــة والمســتخدمة فــي مدينــة الملــك فهــد الطبيــة كحالــة دراســية ســيتم اإلشــارة فيهــا إلــى كيفيــة قــدرة هــذه التطبيقــات علــى ضبــط بيئــة العمــل عنــد اســتخدامها بالشــكل المطلــوب والتــي تســاعد المســتخدم علــى تحديــد الماحظــة وتصنيــف خطورتهــا وكيفيــة إرســالها إلــى الجهــات ذات العاقــة إلنهائهــا وتزويــد المســتخدم بتقاريــر عــن ماتــم حيــال هــذه الماحظــة عبــر البريــد اإلليكترونــي مــع إمكانيــة اســتخراج التقاريــر الدوريــة والنوعيــة عــن أهــم الماحظــات والنواقــص ويمكــن تصنيــف التقاريــر إلــى عــدة تصنيفــات ــرة بشــكل ســهل ــة متوف ــة الخطــورة وكل آلي ــا أو مــن ماحي ــة الزمــان أو المــكان مث ــة المســتخدم مــن ناحي حســب رغب

وســلس مــن خــال اختيــار نــوع التقريــر المطلــوب.

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Name:Prof. Mosbeh Rashed Mosbeh Kaloop

Work place: Incheon National University, South Korea

Job title: Research Professor


Paper title: On Site Investigation and Health Monitoring of Structures: High-speed Railway Bridges Case Study

Paper abstract:

Harsh environment and the aging of existing structures are among the main reasons for structures de-terioration. Short and long structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are utilized to investigate structures be-havior. Bridges are vital links in infrastructure networks and it is important to keep them well maintained. In this study, on-site SHM is used to evaluate the behavior of high-speed railway bridge in Korea. The signal processing is applied to remove the measurements noise and the nonlinear dynamic adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (DANFIS) is applied to predict the real time bridge behavior. The results showed that the SHM is a good tool that can be used to estimate the behavior of structures under difficult affected loads in time and frequency domains. In addition, DANFIS can be effectively used to evaluate and assess bridges in real time and predict their nonlinear behavior.

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Name:Eng. Poornabodh Kashyap

Work place: JENSEN HUGHES

Job title: Senior Consultant


Paper title: Role of completed fire and life safety strategies for projects under construction

Paper abstract:

The gulf region in general and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has witnessed tremendous growth over the past decade on a variety of landmark projects. New airports, super high rise towers, large mixed-use developments, malls, and office towers have been designed and are currently being constructed across different parts of the kingdom. Fire and life safety strategies play a key role during the design and construction phases of these complex projects. Fire and life safety strategies are typically drafted by the fire and life safety (FLS) con-sultants, in consultation with various stakeholders of the project (architects, MEP consultants, structural consul-tants, owners, and various other design team members). A Fire Strategy document is drafted against the appli-cable codes and standards enforced by the local authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ)’s, such as the local civil defense authority of the province/ city. Fire strategy documents evolve across the various design phases, and is finalized usually at the end of the design development phase of the project. A fire strategy usually contains, but is not limited to the following: 1. Passive Fire Protection Strategy – Occupancy Classification, Construction Type, Mixed-use Separation, Fire Resistance Rating – Interior and Exterior walls, Interior Finishes 2. Active Fire Protec-tion Strategy – Fire Suppression system, Fire Detection and Alarm system, Special Suppression Systems (clean agent system, foam system, etc.), Smoke Management systems 3. First Responder Strategy – Fire Command Centers, Fire lifts, Civil Defense Access Roads, etc. Fire Strategy documents are submitted to the AHJ along with the fire strategy drawings as a part of the initial project submissions for approval. The fire strategy documents form an integral part of the final design package for tender. The fire strategy report and drawings are also used by various construction teams on site to determine the fire and life safety requirements and design elements of a project. It becomes necessary for all stakeholders related to the construction of the project to understand the overall fire strategy philosophy and approach in order to ensure that the base requirements of the applicable codes and standards are met across various stages of construction, leading to the commissioning and accep-tance tests of the fire and life safety systems. This presentation will introduce the audience and delegates the various passive and active fire protection requirements and elements of a typical fire strategy for large projects. A discussion of the importance of a code-compliant fire strategy during the various design/construction stages, leading to the final commissioning of the fire and life safety installations will also be provided. The objective of the presentation will be to highlight the role of a code-compliant, project-specific, and effective fire strategy document during the different design/construction stages of a project.

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االسم : الرائد مهندس / خالد بن عبدهللا هويدي المطيري & المقدم مهندس / يوسف نايف المطيري جهة العمل : الدفاع المدني - المنطقة الشرقية

المسمى الوظيفي : ضابط مهندس[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : السالمة والوقاية من الحريق في المشاريع تحت االنشاء


نظــرا للتطــور العمرانــي وكثــرة المشــاريع فــي الســعودية وألن نســبة قطــاع التشــييد والبنــاء مــن اعلــى النســب ا المشــاركة فــي المؤسســة العامــة للتأمينــات االجتماعيــة ولوقــوع عــدد مــن حــوادث الحريــق فــي المبانــي تحــت االنشــاء ولــكل ماســبق اصبــح التطــرق الــى هــذا الموضــوع امــر مهــم لــدى الجهــات ذات العاقــة. تتطــرق الورقــة العلميــة الــى اهــم المتطلبــات العامــة والخاصــة والتــي يعتبــر توفرهــا فــي هــذا النــوع مــن المشــاريع امــرا اجباريــا وليــس خيــارا مقترحــا ، وذلــك حســب المراجــع التــي اســتخدمت فــي الورقــة وهــي nfpa والمرجــع البريطانــي واالوربــي كذلــك. كمــا ان وجــود ــم ــة اه ــة العلمي ــا nfpa 241 . تلخــص الورق ــر ضــروري وفق ــي تحــت االنشــاء ام ــي المبان ــق ف ــع الحرائ ــج لمن برنامالمتطلبــات فــي المشــاريع تحــت االنشــاء وكذلــك فــي المبانــي المؤقتــة والتــي تســتخدم عــادة للســكن او كمكاتــب للعامليــن ــال ــى امتث ــم مهندســي الســامة للوصــول ال ــي ته ــارات الت ــة بعــض االعتب ــا اعطــت الورق داخــل حــدود المشــروع. كم

مرضــي فــي المشــاريع ذات الطابــع المختلــف مثــل مشــروع بنــاء ســفن وغيرهــا.

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Name:Eng. Esmail Mohammed Abdulkhaleq


Job title: Graduate Student - Master


Paper title: Falling Accidents Analysis at Makkah Haram Expansion Project

Paper abstract:

The study has considered Makkah Holy Mosque accidents data for the year of 2014 to be analyzed with different aspects, the main one was sorting them based on type of accidents into; Falling from height, something felt on the worker, falling from the same level, and others, which showed that it goes in line with the global trend that falling is the most cause of both regular accidents (37% of Holy Mosque Accidents) and fatal ones (42% of Makkah Holy Mosque project fatalities since its beginning till the end of 2015) in construction industry. Ad-ditionally, to figure out the trend of the accidents around the week days and around the day, accidents records have been sorted based on the day of the week where the accident took place and time of the day the accident happened. The analysis showed that the accidents have oscillation day after day that is fatherly explained in the study. Day-hours wise, more than half of the accidents (57.5%) happened in 4 hours (17%) out of the 24 hours of the day, from, which is very interesting and remarkable finding helping in implementing the proper safety mea-sures during this high-risk times. And again, this goes in line with earlier studies those showed that construction accidents have trend with respect to time in each project, either around the day hours or the week days, which if will predicted, will help in providing better accidents preventive safety measures and providing the required safety team manpower based on these trends. Deeper Analysis of the falling heights revealed very clear pro-portion between low-height work platforms and most of the falling accident. Finally, looking at the injured body parts in the falling records has added a value for the safety measures to be considered, and justified the superi-ority of one on another. Looking at the unique characters and parameters of Makkah Holy Mosque Project, the Islamic religious seasons are related to the Arabic (Hijri) calendar. Sorting accidents records based on these Hijri months, it has been found that accidents have certain pattern around those seasons (i.e. Ramadan and Hajj). These findings created the knowledge that can be utilized in defining the number of manpower for the teams handling the situations around the year, and in preparing the right safety plans for each season. The research has introduced a special flowchart for issuing the Permit-to-Work “PTW” for any working-at-height activities in Makkah Holy Mosque Projects based on those previously mentioned factors to reduce their affect and hence the probability of falling accidents. In addition, the study recommended for a well-defined safety code to be established by the involved governmental authorities in the construction industry, yielding to a better enforce-ment procedures and disciplines The study will be used as a foundation stone for the safety concerns of future projects in Makkah Holy Mosque area specially and Makkah city more widely, as these seasons affect both Holy Mosque area and Makkah city as well.

69

Name: Eng. Hamid Yagoub Abdalla Elhaj

Work place: Sudanese Engineering Society

Job title: Deputy General Secretary


Paper title: Importance of Quality Management Plan in projects (Oil & Gas as a best Practice)

Paper abstract:

Planning for quality management in a project increases certainty and reduces the risk of project failure attributable to inadequate project management processes that result in outputs failing to meet defined and agreed standards. This paper seeks to answer the question what is a Project Quality Management Plan? A Proj-ect Quality Management Plan is a formal framework that defines the project management processes that will be applied to ensure that the project is managed in accordance with relevant methodologies and standards so that the delivery of project outputs can be confirmed by the Steering Committee as ‘fit for purpose’. 2.0 Why would you develop a Project Quality Management Plan? A Project Quality Management Plan is developed to provide: 2.1 An overview of the quality methodologies and standards to be adopted in managing the project and in the production of the outputs; 2.2 Agreed processes for the management of changes, problems, issues and that emerge during the production of the outputs; 2.3 Confirmation of the roles and responsibilities of relevant parties in the project’s governance structure in the production of the outputs. 3.0 When would you develop a Project Quality Management Plan? Quality management Plan includes two components: 3.1 Quality assurance (to as-sure quality project management processes). 3.2 Quality control (establishing the standards for acceptance of the outputs, monitoring against this criteria to determine if quality has been achieved and maximizing any op-portunities for their continuous improvement as they are being produced). We are going to differentiate between quality assurance and quality control (QA & QC) in the project to understand the quality concept in the real life of the project; it can be helpful to avoid the risk of failure during the execution phase. 4.0 Purpose of Quality Management Plan: The purpose of the Quality Plan is to detail how the quality processes for the project will be implemented to ensure that the project outputs are delivered fit-for-purpose. This will be achieved by ensuring that all project management processes are conducted in a quality manner (quality assurance) and by developing quality criteria for the outputs themselves (quality control). We are going to present a best practice used in oil and gas project as international at the beginning of the project. 5.0 Quality Management Plan Components: We are going to explain Quality Management Plan which includes the following components: • Quality Assurance - to ensure quality project management processes. • Quality Control - via the development of quality outputs; and • Quality Improvement – review points to assess and improve quality where possible. 6.0 Conclusion (Best Practice in oil & Gas): We are going to present and explain a sample template of Quality Plan and how we develop Quality Plan in oil and gas project as a best practice with international standards over the world and how we can use it in our projects.

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Name: Mr. Zakaria Saleh Ali Alhelal


Job title: Quality Engineer


Paper title: Quality Challenges in Construction Projects

Paper abstract:

Construction involves complex array of interdependent activities that some would say is at best orga-nized chaos. It has low quality emphasis compared to other industries such as the manufacturing and service sectors. Its nature introduces challenges that are not usually encountered in other industries. In construction, each project is unique, adoption of automation and technical innovations is slower, success is dependent upon the quality of its people, and work is not performed in controlled conditions. Processes, peoples, and materials in construction are all under pressure for better quality performance. There is a lot of work to be done to improve the construction quality in the Gulf region from the process perspective. Two main areas that requires attention are the approach to quality and the distinction between technical and quality problems. While quality is about customer satisfaction, experience shows that there is focus on inspection and compliance to customer require-ments. This hinders tangible improvements in business processes and does not assure customer satisfaction, as limited attention is given to quality planning and assurance. While ISO 9001 is considered a guide for setting quality management system requirements in any organization, Project management Institute (PMI) provides a complementary approach tailored for quality management in “projects” that quality practitioners can use. This should help quality managers extend their current focus on inspection and compliance to quality planning and assurance in a structured manner. Another area that needs focus or better understanding when it comes to quality in construction is the distinction between technical problems and lack of quality management system requirements. In a recent study, the author found that wrong reporting of non-conformities results in violation recurrence and rework, which adds cost to the project and causes delay. Training in quality and proper docu-mentation of processes, for example, would help improve the situation.

71

Name:Eng. Raed Aljelwah


Job title: Maintenance Engineer


Paper title: Turnaround & Inspection Enhancement Model – Improving performance

Paper abstract:

The paper discusses the Turnaround and Inspection (T&I) enhancement model in Saudi Aramco. The model takes a total approach in enhancing the Turnaround function, using features that include: optimizing cost; reducing T&I duration, and improving work quality, safety, and Saudization. The model covers contracting strat-egies, educational courses, and other major highlights, such as the Corporate T&I manual. In contracting strat-egies, the aim is to improve service provider safety and specialty skills relative to the assigned services, while encouraging both client and service provider to strive, as one team, for successful T&Is. And as Saudi Aramco expects contractors to become more skillful in the services they provide, similarly Saudi Aramco’s commitment to the continuous development of its workforce remains a high priority, thus the dissemination of T&I process knowledge through developing T&I courses. This commitment requires an in-house produced Corporate T&I manual that documents the mandated structured steps, with best practices in planning and executing T&Is, and governs the T&I enhancement model. And since a T&I team consists of Saudi Aramco personnel and con-tractors, then the Saudi Aramco T&I workforce is also trained to be fully aware of T&I planning and execution requirements, with the following learning material: • Turnaround and Inspection Management • T&I Schedul-ing with scheduling software Finally, the governing guide is the Corporate T&I manual, and it breaks down the Turnaround process cycle into four phases: • Preliminary Planning • Planning and Preparation • Execution • Completion and Evaluation Presently the teams follow the new incorporated methodologies in Saudi Aramco T&Is, including the Front End Loading methodology (FEL) and stage gated process, where at each gate in the phases, reviews are conducted to assure deliverables have been completed, to progress to the next phase, such as alignment reviews and readiness reviews. In conclusion, the T&I enhancement model covers ongoing imple-mented features, such as those mentioned above, as well as developing elements that will come into play to add enabling factors that will add improvement, and contribute to excelling in T&I performance.

72

Name: Mr. Allah Dad Khan

Work place: Saudi Arabia

Job title: Corrosion Engineer


Paper title: Importance of Setting Inspection Frequency for Cryogenic Tanks and Ensuring their Operational Reliability

Paper abstract:

Currently, there are no industry standards that define the internal inspection frequency for refrigerated storage tanks other than for ammonia storage. Therefore, the frequency and type of inspections required var-ies greatly across the worldwide industry for similar vessels, on similar service. This paper reviews the factors effecting the Testing and Inspection (T&I) interval and potential detrimental impacts and risks involved during decommissioning and commissioning of Low Temperature & Cryogenic (LT&C) tanks. Most common failure mechanisms expected during the service are studied, and mitigation recommendations to ensure the integrity of the LT&C tanks are provided to avoid recurrence of the similar problems proactively.

7373

Second Day

74

Renewable Energy Engineering

75

Name: Eng. Yousef Fahd K Alsehli & Eng. Ahmed Mohmed Ali Hassaine

Work place: None

Job title: Fresh graduate


Paper title: Development and Study of a New Cleaning and Cooling Mechanism for Photovoltaic Flat Panel Efficiency Improvement

Paper abstract:

In this project we introduce a combined technique to enhancing the efficiency of solar cells by cleaning and cooling the outer surface at the same time. A set of rotating scrubbers with an air suction scheme is pro-posed. Which unsettles dust which then is sucked by air. It involves the use of a system moving on rails along the length of the solar panel and in the transverse direction with the help of lead screw and a bevel gear set. The cooling technique depends on air cooling using in cleaning that offering a forced convection, and also the water cooling that comes from water sprays above the solar panel. This combined technique has been applied practi-cally, and the total efficiency of solar panel increased about 50% after cleaning and cooling. Objectives • solving the problems facing solar panels: temperature, dust, humidity and birds droppings. • Development Mechanized Solar Panel Cleaning & cooling.

76

Name: Prof. Noreddine Ghaffour

Work place: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)



Paper title: Integrated Renewable Energy-Driven and Energy-Efficient Innovative Desalination Technologies for Water Supply Sustainability

Paper abstract:

The current desalination technologies are very energy-intensive compared to the thermodynamic lim-its, despite recent technical improvements. Furthermore, membrane technology development is hampered by relatively low flux performances and membrane (bio) fouling. Several countries have realized that they are not going to be protected from the future global energy crisis and have started to set up plans to diversify their en-ergy resources, e.g. renewable energy, and development of innovative low-energy desalination technologies. There is therefore a need to develop more suitable integrated technologies. In previous work we have shown that these new technologies can significantly lower the specific energy consumption. In this talk, emerging de-salination technologies developed by our group, mainly membrane distillation, forward osmosis, and adsorption desalination and hybrid systems will be presented, with a focus on one specific case study, and supported by experimental and simulation results.

77

Name: Dr. Mohamed Abdelgaid Ahmed Ibrahim

Work place: Faculty of Engineering - Tanta University

Job title: Lecturer at Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering


Paper title: performance evaluation of an indirect solar dryer integrated with HDH water desalination system

Paper abstract:

In the present study, the performance evaluation of a two-stage indirect solar dryer with reheating cou-pled with humidification-dehumidification (HDH) water desalination systems is experimentally investigated. The distillate water productivity, drying the products and energy saving represents the main objective of the present experimental work. Due to the problems in the availability of distillate water and the energy sources in remote areas, the proposed system represents a good option for remote areas. The proposed system consists of two subsystems, namely two-stage indirect solar dryer with reheating subsystem and HDH water desalination sub-system. Two-stage indirect solar dryer with reheating are used to remove the moisture contents from the prod-ucts. The HDH water desalination subsystem is used to produce the distillate water. The main component of the proposed system are air blower, two-stage indirect solar dryer, two double passes corrugated absorber solar air collector, humidifier, dehumidifier, and evacuated tube solar water collector. The experimental results show that, as the air flow rate increases from 50-75 m3/h, the distillate water productivity increases from 29.55-42.3 L/day and the moisture removal from the product increases from 8.33-12.37 kg/day during the period from 8:00 am to 7:00 pm. Use two-stage dryer improves the moisture removal from the products by 71.78% in average as compared only to the first stage of dryer unit. Also, the gain output ratio varies over ranges of 1.51-2.1 and 1.18-1.61 for the proposed system and the HDH water desalination system as the air flow rate increases from 50-75 m3/h. The gain output ratio of the proposed system improved by 29.2% in average as compared only to the HDH water desalination system.

78

Name: Dr. Mohammed Hussain Mohammed Mussfs

Work place: KAPSARC

Job title: Senior Researcher


Paper title: Optimal orientation of solar PV system for different energy use

Paper abstract:

The potential of future increase of grid-connected distributed generators (DG), particularly pre-sume-owned rooftop solar systems, raises concerns about the effect of its inherent intermittency on the network stability. It also calls for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of supply and demand at presume levels. In this regards, the energy production profile of a photovoltaic system depends mainly on the amount of solar insolation absorbed by PV panels. In fact, PV array orientation plays a major role in shaping the energy produced by the solar system, and therefore effects the building demand curve seen by the grid. Most previous studies assumed, for simplicity, optimal orientation of solar panels so as to maximize its production. However solar panel orienta-tion can be a key lever in minimizing variability’s, maximizing grid stability, and reducing the cost of the grid. This research aims to investigate the energy profile for different orientation of solar systems focusing on Saudi Arabia. We aim also to study the effect of different solar array orientations on the energy production and net demand profiles of buildings. We will develop an optimization approach to determine the best orientation that optimizes a given objective (i.e., minimize variability, minimize peak load, minimize net demand, maximize solar production) of renewable energy, with and without storage, for different building types.

79

Name: Dr. Yassir Abdulaziz Al Hazmi

Work place: Umm Al Qura University



Paper title: Techno-economic Feasibility Analysis of Integrated PV System with Different Masjid Structures in Saudi Arabia Using Alternative Connection Schemes

Paper abstract:

In Saudi Arabia, the efficient utilization of fuel consumption has to be enhanced by more than 10%, and the CO2 emission should be reduced by 26% as stated in the National Transformation Plan (NTP), which involves the “Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030”. Both targets can be achieved by the integration of Photovoltaic (PV) systems in residential buildings. This paper discusses the technical and economic feasibility analysis for imple-menting PV systems in a small scale (Masjid buildings), aiming to determine the least cost design options and features of PV system that will be compatible with different current masjid sizes in Saudi Arabia. A mathematical model for representing 24-hour residential load profile will be presented considering different size of masjid units. The least – cost design options of PV system will be obtained using techno-economic feasibility analysis for different masjid units considering alternative construction of PV schemes. Three scenarios are proposed for PV connection schemes: direct grid connection (no energy storage system involve), hybrid PV connection with battery system, and hybrid PV connection with hydroelectric storage system. The objective of integration the PV system is to increase the matching between the local generation and consumption in order to decease the energy bill. The proposed system is modelled and simulated using real data of solar irradiation and energy con-sumption from different typical construction of Masjid units in Makkah Region (Saudi Arabia). The results show that integration of PV systems with different Masjid units is able to reduce the energy consumed from the grid up to 75%; however, the economic feasibility of the integrated PV system is dependent on Masjid unit sizes and different proposed energy storage systems as well as the type of PV connection schemes. Keywords: Photovol-taic System; Masjid Load Profile; Techno-economic Feasibility Analysis.

80

Name: Eng. Abdulelah Thaar Saad Alotaibi

Work place: University of Nottingham

Job title: PhD researcher


Paper title: Performance Analysis of Heat Pipe-based Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal-Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid system (HP-CPV/TEG)

Paper abstract:

Concentrating photovoltaic technology is growing more rapidly than any other solar energy technology, attaining electrical conversion efficiency above 43%. Much research has been conducted on photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technologies which has identified that only certain percentage of the ab-sorbed incident energy is converted into electricity, despite the fact the other percentage remain as a thermal energy which accumulates on the surface of the PV which causes an elevated temperatures. The temperature raised at the surface of the PV module is addressed as one of the most factor that influencing the performance of the cells which causes a serious degradations and shortens the life-time of the PV, therefore cooling the CPV module during the operation is extremely significant. Hybrid PV approaches that produce both electrical energy and heat simultaneously, and which are sensitive to a wider range of the solar spectrum have been demonstrat-ed as providing the most promising solution. In this study, a theoretical computer simulation of the hybrid system which integrates of a Heat pipe-based Concentrated Photovoltaic/thermal- Thermoelectric Generator (HP-CPV/T-TEG) to improve the performance is presented. The presented hybrid system incorporates a low concentrated Photovoltaic module (CPV) for direct electricity generation, a heat pipe to absorb the exceeded heat from the CPV cells and contribute uniform temperature distribution across the cell array, and a thermoelectric Generator (TEG) to accomplish direct heat-to-electricity conversion. A mathematical model based on energy balance pro-cess within the system is developed to evaluate the performance of the hybrid system and the improvements that associated with the thermal management of the CPV cells.

81

Name: Eng. Boker Agili&Yousef Alsanei&Nurgali Kalybekov

Work place: Texas Tech University

Job title: PhD Student - Teacher Assistance


Paper title: One Mega Hybird PV System for Industrial Loads in deregulated Power Systems

Paper abstract:

This paper discuss step by step design process of One Mega Watt PV power Plant and the application to Industrial load. The Solar system would be technically and economically useful for .industrial load.

82

Name: Eng. Haytham Muhammad N Radhwi & Gitae Moon & Rui Wang & Matthew Cleary

Work place: University of Jeddah / The University of Sydney

Job title: Teacher Assistant / Postgraduate Student


Paper title: Proposes Analysis of Solar Powered Aquatic Leisure Centers in Australia

Paper abstract:

Greenhouse gas emissions have become a growing concern in modern times. Due to various economic and environmental consequences associated with this issue, the urgent need to implement practical solutions has increased. This project will be reducing the number of greenhouse gas emissions and energy savings for aquatic leisure centers in Australia which have approximately 2000 centers around the country. This work is the result of a major project of postgraduate course at The University of Sydney. The case study of this proj-ect is Hartsville Aquatic Leisure Centre at Sydney which has Olympic size swimming pool and presently using natural gas to operate boilers. The project will be providing a sustainable design for this indoor swimming pool. The scope of this work is studying the current energy sources and amount of greenhouse gas emissions of the system. There are several alternative options for reducing energy uses like adding solar thermal collectors for changing energy demand of the swimming pool to renewables. Moreover, improving water characteristics in the heat exchanger by increasing the heat capacity Cp could be the future improvement for this project. The solar collectors have chosen c15ts12, which one of these including overall length 3.64 m, absorber width 1.21 m, header length 1.9 m, gross area 4.395 m2, FSEC rating/m2 10828 BTU and weight 13.15 Kg. The lifetime of these collectors wealthy to 35 years. According to RET Screen Expert software which helps decision makers for predictions and cost of energy estimates and sensitivity analysis, this project during lifespan of 20 years will find optical solution by reducing greenhouse gas emissions around %50 from the current situation with initial cost $290000, total saving $18460 and average payback between 1 and 7 years, so it becomes reasonable project.

83

Name: Eng. Hani Hussein O Balfass

Work place: Dammam, KSA

Job title: Renewable Energy Testing Engineer


Paper title: Realistic behavior of PV module performance related to tested temperature Coefficient in dry cli-mate of KSA

Paper abstract:

Aim of this study is to assess the production of electrical energy yield of PV modules based on poly and mono technologies in the dry desert climatic of Saudi Arabia. Issues with deficient power prediction of PV sys-tems at KSA’s desert climate have manifold reasons: the main is due to the high temperature at the majority of the year. The extreme high ambient temperature affects the regularity of the manufacturer temperature coeffi-cient of the PV cells. The assessment has been done at KACST PVLab via its accredited temperature coefficient tests and compare theoretically with measured regularly PV module temperature respect to label power rating. The measuring of PV module temperature was executed by KACARE at the same field of measured PV module power yield at the same periods.

84

Name: Prof. Essam Eldin Khalil Hassan Khalil & Taher Abu Deif &Ahmed El-Degwy& Ayman M. Zaky

Work place: Cairo University, Faculty of Engineeering

Job title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering


Paper title: RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

Paper abstract:

In the past decades the wind turbines was introduced as an alternative for the traditional energy sources due to the fluctuated prices of the fossil fuels and even to reduce the environmental impact of the CO2 emis-sions, but the cost of energy of the wind turbines was the main obstacle. The aerodynamic design process of a wind turbine with improved performance remains the ultimate research and development goal to reduce the wind energy cost. In this paper, study of different aerodynamic design and analysis theories will be studied and evaluated including the modified blade element momentum theory and CFD modeling. These theories will be studied and applied on Siemens wind turbine SWT-2.3-93 and the results will be discussed and evaluated.

85

Name: Mr. Abdulmajeed Kamal Hussni AlQubaly

Work place: Namaa AlMunawara

Job title: Assistant Project Manager


Paper title: Piezoelectric Airplanes

Paper abstract:

This invention shows how to generate electricity in aircraft vibrations in the plane using piezoelectric generators placed in several places in the plane. The generator consists of piezoelectric sensor to vibrations of a thickness of 2 mm consisting of material (PZT), a substance capable of converting vibrations into electricity. The sensor is attached to the upper surface of the plane exhibited to vibration. The main objective of this invention is to generate electricity from the vibrations of the plane surface for use in the aircraft cabin lighting or simply charging the aircraft battery. This sensor is linked to the electric circuit called the bridge rectifier and capacitor, and the entire installation is called piezoelectric generator. It was chosen two parts of the airplane so that the piezoelectric generator is placed on. The first place is the front of the plane which is most vulnerable to vibration and second place under the curved upper surface of the fuselage section. This electricity is used to reduce con-sumption of fuel in the plane. In addition, the research will show the invention materials used and piezoelectric generators circuit. This invention will be able to produce 170 kV (DC) and the need of the electrical system of the aircraft is estimated at 28 kV DC, which would be enough to illuminate the entire plane. Finally, this paper is part of a pending patent submitted to KACST for final approval.

86

Name: Eng. Omar Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Ghamdi

Work place: National Water Company

Job title: Projects Manager - ACTING


Paper title: What if 2030SAUDIVISION invest in BIOGAS technology???

Paper abstract:

This paper will explain the technical specifications of the BIOGAS and its applicable applications in Sau-di Arabia ending with the possible economic effects if 2030SAUDIVISION decided to invest in using BIOGAS technology which is considered as one of the renewable energy resources. This paper will be divided into three major chapters starting with introduction. The first chapter will answer the question: what is the technical spec-ifications of the BIOGAS? In the second chapter, it will define what are the technical requirements to produce this type of renewable energy? And what are the applicable applications to be implemented towards achieving targets of 2030SAUDIVISION? This chapter will include case study. The third chapter will answer the question: what are the possible economic effects if 2030SAUDIVISION decided to invest on this technology? At the end, it will explain what the most important recommendations of the paper are.

87

Name: Eng. Ahmed Hasan Ali Al Ezz

Work place: Alezz & Bakers Associates

Job title: Managing Partner - MENA Region


Paper title: The connection of the outputs of education, training and rehabilitation policies to meet the needs of the labor market in the field of renewable energy; from engineering and technical prospective

Paper abstract:

Non-renewable energy sources of energy increase environmental pollution. To mitigate their effects, ed-ucational and training institutions are playing a role in training engineers and technicians on alternative sources of energy such as renewable energy sources. Benchmarking the best practices of using renewable energy is beneficial because it will improve the efficiency of its use by engineers and technicians by establishing accept-able standards that guide the use of renewable energy. Through benchmarking, chances of reducing the costs of developing and implementing technologies on renewable energy are high. It further helps the graduated en-gineers and technicians to save time because it identifies a strategy to use in developing and using the renew-able energy and an acceptable standard of using it. Finally, benchmarking the best engineering and technical standards relating to the costs, technology and best practices in the use of renewable energy is important to the economy and education output as a whole. Reduced costs emanating from the use of renewable energy will help users to channel the funds in other sectors of the economy, or save the money to invest in business. This will help to increase the GDP of the country. Besides, education is important because it may help to establish some acceptable standards on the manner which engineers and technicians develop and use renewable energy. This paper will address the strategies that education, training and rehabilitation policies can be used to motivate existing and future engineers and technicians on meeting the benchmark standards associated with the use of renewable energy. Focus will be on benchmarks relating to use of renewable technology, best practices, costs and time. Keywords: benchmarking, education, engineers, environmental, pollution, renewable energy, training.

88

Name: Dr.Ahmed abdulrohman khalid alrowaished

Work place: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND SOLAR ENERGY

Job title: ENERGY CONSULTANT


Paper title: INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS FOR ZERO ENERGY HOUSES IN SAUDI ARABIA (AL KHOBAR)

Paper abstract:

The ZEHS houses was built in 2013 to provide a showcase of a Zero Energy building in AL Khobar, Sau-di Arabia in the Eastern part of Saudi Arabia. The total Zero Energy performance of the building was achieved through three types of measures grouped into passive design elements, new innovative construction system and renewable energy installations. The energy performance and associated costs and benefits for each type were modelled to highlight opportunities for low and high income segments of the residential building market in Saudi Arabia. This paper provides a post construction evaluation of the actual energy performance of the build-ing and the real costs and benefits. The Green and sustainability concept of the building is reviewed, as well as the construction process of new innovative system (Ultra Fiber Thermo Tech Construction System) and the life cycle costing of the energy enhancing measures. The findings show that integrated passive design elements and solar energy with new innovative construction system choices do improve the energy performance. This is derived from the actual indoor comfort monitoring in comparison with base case simulations. The payback time on the incremental investments needed is less than 2.0 years. At the same time, the monitoring also showed application of innovative construction System with solar Air condition and passive design measures for energy performance were effective. This paper reflects on the experience and lessons learned from ZEHS for potential wider integration of Green and sustainability elements into building projects in Saudi Arabia and Arabian Gulf Countries.

89

Name: Mr. SAMIR AHMED

Work place: Intertek Saudi Arabia Ltd

Job title: General Manager (Business Assurance)


Paper title: IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN SAUDI VISION 2030

Paper abstract:

Saudi Arabia takes its pride as one of the largest oil producers in the world as the country possesses 18% of the world’s proven petroleum reserves. Based on the OPEC’s Annual Statistical Bulletin for 2016, about 50% of its GDP is accounted to its oil & gas sector production and 85% to its export earnings. The abundance of such vast resources also puts Saudi Arabia to be the largest oil-consuming nation in the Middle East, consuming an average of 2.9 million barrels per day, almost double the consumption since 2000 due to robust industrial growth, with consumers encouraged by large subsidized prices according to the American Energy Information Administration (EIA). The Saudi Central Department of Statistics and Information has stated that the Kingdom’s total energy consumption per capita is more than three times higher than the world average at 6.5 toe per cap-ita in 2011, compared with the world average of 1.9 toe. Between 1990 and 2011, the industrial sector’s energy consumption soared by 6.8% while electricity consumption rose by 5%. A significant portion of this increase is a result of inefficient use of energy, deeming this accelerated growth unsustainable. Therefore, it is imperative for the Kingdom that energy efficiency becomes a key objective given its significant increase in energy demand. Consequentially, the government has prioritized energy efficiency as a key policy to reduce local consumption. In line with its Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has established the National Renewable Energy Program (NREP), a strategic initiative that sets the Kingdom’s commitment to a renewable energy market with a target of 9.5 giga-watts by 2023. It arrays a systematic roadmap to provide a sustainable domestic power supply, boost economic development and uphold its Vision 2030 that includes creating a new renewable industry. Sustainable Energy Use – A Management Systems Approach ISO 50001 establishes a framework for organizations to manage ener-gy and provides a framework for integrating energy performance into their management practices. The standard intends to accomplish the following: • Facilitate organizations in making better use of existing energy-consum-ing assets • Enable transparency in communication on management of energy resources • Encourage energy management best practices and reinforce good energy management behaviors • Assist facilities in evaluating and prioritizing the implementation of energy-efficient measures • Provide a basis for promoting energy efficien-cy throughout the supply chain • Facilitate energy management improvements for emission reduction projects • Allow integration with other management systems ISO itself has identified energy management as one of its top five areas for the development of International Standards. Based on its latest ISO Survey, ISO 50001 witnessed 77% growth globally in 2015. It is a high time indeed, for industries in the Middle East, especially Saudi Arabia, to focus more on sustainable energy use through adoption of ISO 50001-based energy management system. The Kingdom has to fulfil its commitment to the UNFCCC and industries have a major role to play. More importantly, industries shall align themselves with Kingdom’s Vision 2030 which speaks volume on energy management.

90

Name: Mr. Asem Othman Mohammed Alkadi

Work place: Ministry of Energy Industry and Mineral Resources

Job title: Engineer


Paper title: The National Renewable Energy Program Strategy and the Process of De-Risking the Investments

Paper abstract:

Saudi Arabia’s National Renewable Energy Program (NREP) is a long term, multifaceted renewable en-ergy strategy designed to balance the domestic power mix in order to deliver long term economic stability and prosperity to the Kingdom, whilst working towards carbon reduction commitments. The NREP is managed and executed by the newly formed Ministry of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources (MEIM), directly supporting Saudi Arabia’s National Transformation Program (NTP) and Vision 2030. The office responsible for the delivery of the NREP is The Renewable Energy Project Development Office (REPDO), an official office within the MEIM. The National Renewable Energy Program aims to substantially increase the share of renewable energy in the total energy mix, targeting the generation of 3.45 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy by 2020 – approximately 4% of generation capacity under the National Transformation Program (NTP), and 9.5GW by 2023 – 10 % of gen-eration capacity, towards Vision 2030. The REPDO is responsible mainly for managing the national renewable energy program portfolio, identifying and securing potential development sites, provide international bankable pre-development studies, and administering the tendering process. The aim of the pre-development studies is to provide certainty to investors and deliver lower project costs in order to minimize the level cost of energy (LCOE). This requires de-risking the project to reduce the proposals cost from the bidders, and ultimately re-ducing the LCOE. The presentation will illustrate the NREP objectives and the team responsible to execute the NREP, the Renewable Energy Project Development Office (REPDO). Moreover, it will explain the basis set-up of REPDO and typical process of the NREP projects. In addition, the strategy in terms of technology assessment, site selection criteria, NREP portfolio will be mentioned. Furthermore, it will outline the NREP’s pre-development process, highlighting the key role it plays delivering a world class program.

91

Structural Engineering, Mining and Geology

92

Name: Prof. Spiro Nicolas Pollalis

Work place: Harvard University



Paper title: SUSTAINABILITY REDEFINES STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Paper abstract:

Respect to the environment and enhanced social wellbeing establish new functions with wider impact, considering the buildings as components of the larger system of human settlements. However, how sustain-ability principles redefine structural engineering? First, there is a direct link between resilience and sustainability. Resilience is at the core of an engineer’s objectives: “the creation of constructs able to withstand short-term or long-term disruptions and changes,” which is the definition of resilience. Since sustainability requires resilience, the work of structural engineers has always been aligned towards sustainability. Nevertheless, nowadays, struc-tural engineers should concentrate further on resilience considering anticipating climate change and extreme natural phenomena and the impact on their constructs, considering even potential failures of the supporting infrastructure. Second, structural engineers should consider sustainability beyond resilience, “to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” A systematic ap-proach to sustainability can follow the framework that has been established by the Zofnass Program at Harvard University, which constitutes the basis of the Envision® rating system for sustainable infrastructure. According to the Zofnass framework, there are five dimensions to address the sustainability of a project: • Quality of Life • Re-source Allocation • Climate Change and Risk • The Impact on the Natural World • Leadership towards Sustain-ability In considering sustainability beyond resilience, structural engineers are active members of the planning and design team, with an essential role. By understanding the principles, structural engineers become leaders in the team and provide meaningful solutions towards constructs that will serve the needs for a long time, providing flexibility, optimizing resources and reducing the impact to the environment. Furthermore, proper planning and design can allow a building not only to consume less but to produce energy and collect water, which requires the active participation of structural engineers. Both, an extended consideration of resilience and a fresh approach to the sustainability of constructs open new horizons to structural engineers and offer new challenges. Project, system, and community design goals can maximize long-term benefits by balancing a series of considerations, requiring value judgment. The presentation will include best practice case studies of sustainable structural engi-neering projects for both bridges and high-rise buildings, where structural engineers took the lead for ensuring sustainability and resilience.

93

االسم : المهندس / سعيد خالد بن كدسهجهة العمل : وزارة الشؤون البلدية والقروية

المسمى الوظيفي : مدير عام ادارة كود البناء السعودي[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : التعريف بكود البناء السعودي .. اهدافه وتطبيقاته


صــدر قــرار مجلــس الــوزراء الموقــر رقــم 241 وتاريــخ 25/4/1438 القاضــي بالموافقــة علــى نظــام تطبيــق كــود البنــاء الســعودي ، ولتعريــف المهندســين والمختصيــن بقطــاع البنــاء والتشــييد باشــتراطات ومتطلبــات كــود البنــاء الســعودي ، وأهميــة الكــود لهــذا القطــاع وتتضمــن ورقــة العمــل مــا يلــي: - التعريــف بكــود البنــاء -أهميــة كــود البنــاء فــي قطــاع البنــاء والتشــييد - الهــدف مــن كــود البنــاء - قواعــد تطبيــق الكــود - دور وزارة الشــؤون البلديــة والقرويــة فــي مراقبــة تطبيــق الكــود وهللا الموفــق ،،،

94

Name: Mr. Mahmoud Abdallah Mahmoud Mohamed

Work place: McDermott Middle East, Inc.

Job title: Senior Structural Engineer


Paper title: Effect of Uncertainty in Codes and Standards on Buckling Design of Structural Elements

Paper abstract:

Structural elements need to be designed to withstand different types of loads and load combinations. In many situations, structures can be subjected to excessive loadings, overstresses and failures as a result of design mistakes, constructions mistakes, unexpected load or even wrong interpretation or uncertainty in codes or standards. These wrong interpretation or uncertainty can result in a lot of consequences and therefore should be investigated in order to avoid any damage or failures to structures and give the right measures to analyze such problems. Two different examples for buckling for structural elements will be presented with comparison between design as per guidance and recommendations of AISC and exact solution. First case: Buckling of col-umns for frames according to AISC. Derivation of buckling factors for moment connections steel frames are to be calculated based on alignment charts for AISC which depend on the end conditions at start and end of each column or member, AISC alignment chart need to be used with considering limitations and adjustments recom-mended by AISC. In some cases, bulking factors calculated based on AISC are not accurate compared to exact solution of buckling and can result in design which is not conservative. Detailed discussion will be presented with comparison between buckling factors as per AISC, nonlinear analysis and exact solution. Second case: Buckling of hinged column with spring at one end. Hinged column with spring at one end is a typical buckling problem which can be found in many structures, one typical example is end gable column. The buckling factor for such column can be calculated approximately based on AISC guidance but actually is not very defined. The wrong interpretation of buckling for this column or similar cases can result in unsafe design for structural ele-ments. Detailed discussion will be presented with comparison between approximate methods, nonlinear anal-ysis and exact solution. Based on the results of the analysis, the following points were concluded: Special care is required for dealing with evaluation of buckling factors. Wrong interpretation or using approximate methods can result in design which is not safe especially for critical buckling problems. Additional nonlinear analysis can be carried out to calculate the exact solution and actual buckling factors for columns. This to be compared with traditional method to check if design is on the safe side to avoid overstresses and failure in members / structures.

95

Name: Mr. Scott B. Thompson


Job title: Structural Engineer Specialist


Paper title: Adapting American Seismic Codes to Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

In recent years, the relevance of seismic design in Saudi Arabia has become increasingly apparent due to development projects in potentially high-seismic risk locations, such as Jazan. The reality is that most of Saudi Arabia has low seismic risk and doesn’t require seismic design at all, so experience with this issue is not common. That is why it is so important to adapt and simplify a leading seismic code for Saudi Arabia. This paper addresses why we should adopt American seismic codes for use in Saudi Arabia, and how to adapt the codes to meet the practical realities of Saudi Arabia’s engineering and construction industry, as follows: 1) Quick Review of Seismic Design Principles and Objectives 2) Brief History of Seismic Code Development in the USA and Sau-di Arabia 3) When, Where, and How Much Seismic Design is Needed in Saudi Arabia 4) Case Study: Lessons Learned During Saudi Aramco’s Jazan Mega-Project 5) Recommendations to Adapt American Seismic Design Codes for Saudi Arabia.

96

Name: Dr. Mohammad Myassar Tabba

Work place: IMAR, Urban Consultants

Job title: Expert - Advisor - Manager Special Projects


Paper title: Life-Span Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Paper abstract:

State -of - the - Art Review of all Factors influencing the Life-Span of Reinforced Concrete Structures.

97

االسم : د. طارق محمد سليم الجهني

جهة العمل : وقف الملك عبدهللا بن عبدالعزيز لوالديه -يرحمهم هللا

المسمى الوظيفي : كبير المهندسين

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : التقييم اإلنشائي لسالمة المباني القائمة من خالل إجراء إختبارات اإلهتزازات الميدانية


ــكات، ــراد والممتل ــم لمــا تســببه مــن خســائر فادحــة لألف ــي تهــدد العال ــزالزل مــن أخطــر الكــوارث الت ــر ال تعتبوممــا يزيــد مــن أخطارهــا حدوثهــا بشــكل فجائــي يحــول دون اتخــاذ الترتيبــات االحترازيــة الكافيــة مــن قبــل األفــراد أو الجهــات المعنيــة ذاتهــا. لذلــك نــص كــود البنــاء الســعودي المعتمــد منــذ ســنوات والــذي يراعــي حجــم النشــاط الزلزالــي علــى ضــرورة تصميــم المنشــآت الجديــدة لتتوافــق مــع النشــاط الزلزالــي فــي كل منطقــة مــن مناطــق المملكــة. ونتيجــة ألن أغلــب المنشــآت التــي تــم إنشــاؤها فــي المملكــة كانــت قبــل إصــدار الكــود الســعودي للبنــاء لذلــك لــم تأخــذ فــي االعتبــار القــوى الناشــئة عــن الــزالزل أثنــاء التصميــم، وللحاجــة الضروريــة والملحــة إلعــادة تأهيــل المنشــآت الحيويــة واألثريــة ــارات أو ــد تنشــأ نتيجــة حــدوث انهي ــع حــدوث أي فاجعــة ق ــكات واألرواح ومن ــى الممتل ــة بغــرض المحافظــة عل والدينيأضــرار بتلــك المنشــآت تظهــر أهميــة اجــراء دراســات انشــائية متكاملــة علــى تلــك المنشــآت لتحديــد قدرتهــا علــي تحمــل الــزالزل المحتملــة وعمــل التدعيمــات الازمــة لهــا. ألجــراء تلــك الدراســات نحتــاج لعمــل نمــوذج فراغــي يمثــل المنشــآت فــي حالتهــا الراهنــة بكافــة العيــوب التــي تعرضــت لهــا ســواء بفعــل التأثيــر الزمنــي او عيــوب التصميــم والتنفيــذ او ســوء االســتخدام حيــث يتــم اســتخدام ذلــك النمــوذج فــي اســتنباط قــدرة المنشــآت علــي تحمــل الــزالزل أو تحمــل القــوى األخــرى المؤثــرة عليهــا. ومــن انســب الطــرق النشــاء نمــوذج فراغــي يمثــل المنشــأ القائــم بحالتــه الراهنــة اســتخدام طريقة القياســات الحقليــة لتــردد المنشــأ وتحديــد شــكل التــرددات المختلفــة وعمــل مطابقــة بيــن نتائــج واشــكال التــرددات للنمــوذج الفراغــي التحليلــي ونتائــج القياســات الحقليــة وتعديــل خــواص المنشــأ فــي النمــوذج الفراغــي حتــى الوصــول الــى تطابــق مــع نتائــج القياســات الحقليــة. وعملــت هــذه الدراســة االنشــائية بغــرض تحديــد الكفــاءة الزلزاليــه لبعــض المبانــي القائمــة بالمدينــة المنــورة وتــم إجراؤهــا لعــدد )32 مبنــى( فــي أحيــاء مختلفــة وتختلــف خــواص التربــة بهــا وأيضــا تــم اختيــار المبانــي مختلفــة األدوار مــن خمســة أدوار الــى عشــرين دور , المبانــى التــى تــم اختبارهــا تشــمل مبانــى حديثــة ومبانــى قديمــة ــكاز - اطــارات مقاومــة للعــزوم - حوائــط خرســانية واطــارات ــة )اطــارات بســيطة االرت و النظــم االنشــائية لهــا مختلفمعــا( . وتــم إجــراء اختبــارات االهتــزاز الميدانيــة لهــا باســتخدام أجهــزة حساســة ومتطــورة حيــث تــم تحديــد الخصائــص الديناميكيــة لتلــك المبانــي عــن طريــق القيــاس الفعلــي لاهتــزازات مــن الطبيعــة )ambient vibration testing( حيــث ــة االســتخدام ــى مــن خــال كيفي ــى هــذه الدراســة بالدعــم الفن ــزة القياســات المســتخدمة ف قامــت الشــركة المــوردة الجهاالمثــل لتلــك االجهــزة لقيــاس الخــواص الديناميكيــة للمبانــى, حيــث تــم اســتخدام تلــك النتائــج لتعديــل النمــاذج النظريــة حتــي تشــمل كافــة العناصــر المؤثــرة خاصــة فــى حالــة المنشــآت القديمــة. ويتميــز هــذا االســلوب بالدقــة والحصــول علــى النتائــج الواقعيــة مــع عــدم التداخــل مــع المنشــأ أو عمــل اختبــارات متلفــة أو أخــذ عينــات منــه أو تعريضــه ألى أحمــال اضافيــة . بعــد ذلــك تــم عمــل تقييــم لتلــك المبانــي القائمــة مــع عمــل نمــوذج تحليــل فراغــي غيــر خطــي حتــى االنهيــار فــى األبعــاد الثاثــة باســتخدام البرامــج االنشــائية المتخصصــة مــع األخــذ فــى االعتبــار الســلوك غيــر المــرن للخرســانة وحديــد التســليح وكذلــك العناصــر الغيــر انشــائية مثــل الحوائــط. ومــن خــال تلــك النتائــج تــم تحديــد أشــكال االنهيــار المتوقعــة، وقيمــة معامــات االحتماليــة لهــذه المبانــي و مقارنــة ذلــك مــع متطلبــات الكــود الســعودي وتطبيــق شــروط كــودات عالميــة أخــرى للتحقــق مــن امــان المبانــى القائمــة وتاهيلهــا مثــل الكــود االمريكــى ASCE-41. وفــي النهايــة تــم تحديــد خيــارات التدعيــم المطلوبــة لرفــع كفــاءة المبانــي والمقارنــة بينهــا باســتخدام التحليــل االنشــائي المتقــدم حيــث تــم اســتخدام انظمــة ــى ــان بالمبان ــا لتحســين معامــات االم ــاءة كا منه ــد مــدى كف ــة وتحدي ــات باســتخدام قمصــان خرســانية او حديدي تدعيم

القديمــة.

98

Name: Prof. Abdelhakim Abdelkhalik Khalil Hemdan

Work place: Tanta University - Faculty of Engineering

Job title: President of Tanta University - Professor of Concrete Facilities


Paper title: Evaluation and Assessment of Flexural and Ductility Performance of RC Slabs Strength-ened with Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement

Paper abstract:

Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcement used as a strengthening technique is considered nowadays a promising technology for the enhancement of flexural and shear capacity of reinforced concrete members. In this paper, an investigation on the behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) one way slabs strengthened using NSM technique is presented. The experimental program consisted of sixteen (16) RC slabs that were constructed, strengthened by near surface mounted reinforcement and tested under monotonic static load. Two materials, CFRP laminates and steel bars, were used as near surface mounted reinforcement of the RC slabs. In addition to the sixteen slabs, three (3) specimens were strengthened using external bonded CFRP laminate strips at the tension side of slabs for the comparison with traditionally known external surface bonded laminates, The effect of NSM strengthening technique on flexural capacity, ductility, strain in CFRP laminates, deflection, crack prop-agation, crack width, end slip response in strengthening reinforcement, bonding length effect, and the different modes of failure were investigated. Theoretical modeling for evaluation of the flexural capacity of strengthened slabs were proposed and verified with the obtained test results and showed good agreement. The results re-vealed that NSM technique can be used to significantly increase the flexural capacity and ductility of strength-ened reinforced concrete slabs.

99

Name: Prof. Hosameldin Mohamed Salam Selmy

Work place: Jazan University - Faculty of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

Job title: Professor of Civil Engineering Department


Paper title: Misuse of transfer plate/floor concept in the traditional buildings in KSA

Paper abstract:

Due to the architectural requirements in many high-rise buildings, transfer plate/floor is used fulfill these requirements. However, the sudden change in the building’s lateral stiffness at transfer plate/floor makes the structure susceptible to the formation of a soft-story mechanism under moderate to severe earthquakes. There-fore, the design and the construction of transfer plate/floor is usually quite difficult not only due to the above reason but also due to its thickness (ranged from 2.5 m to 3.5 m in many high-rise buildings). In many traditional buildings in KSA, one of the architectural solutions for the optimal use of spaces in the rooms in the house corner is to move/shift the corner columns to the floor edges. Unfortunately, it is found vital mistakes in the structural solutions, as shown in the photos, the shifted columns of the repeated floors were rest directly on the slab of ground floor or short cantilever or overhang beam. From the authors’ point of view, the loads transmitted to the columns based on the concept of displacement control rather than load control. Therefore, based on the rigid-ity of slabs of repeated floors and the rigidity of the short cantilever or overhang beam in the ground floor, the shifted columns will carry load much lower than designed. To verify this argument, 3-D finite element analysis was conducted to show the load distributions on the columns of existing building in Jazan city, Case Study. The authors recommended that, such cases should be controlled by Saudi Building Code.

100

Name: Prof. David Arthur Nethercot

Work place: Imperial College London

Job title: Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering


Paper title: The Role of Structural Codes in Supporting the Practice of Structural Engineering

Paper abstract:

Structural Codes of Practice influence the professional activities of all Structural Engineers. Whilst rela-tively few will be involved with their creation, adaptation and updating, the great majority will utilize their contents – some imaginatively and as an aid, some in a prescribed and unthinking fashion, a few in a defensive and neg-ative way. Attitudes amongst users vary across supportive, puzzled, irritated, grateful etc. To the same individual they may well, at different times, be helpful, informative, restrictive or troublesome. Much has been written to explain the technical basis and development of new Codes as part of the support for their introduction; some au-thors have made suggestions for improved formats, new styles of presentation, different approaches in terms of breadth and depth of coverage. The legal status of Codes varies in different parts of the world, being enshrined in law in some countries yet merely advisory and optional in others. The perception of their legal standing is even more wide-ranging (and often misunderstood), with Structural Engineers often believing Codes to be more influential than is actually the case. And, of course, their quality varies from lucid, polished and highly relevant and valuable documents to unclear, ambiguous and misleading offerings. This paper will address a number of issues relating to the preparation, promotion, use and support of Structural Codes. It is based on the author’s experience gained over some 40 years in all aspects of ‘Codification’, from deciding on the need and conducting underpinning research through preparation and education in their use to expert witness work on correct imple-mentation. Issues covered include: ensuring an appropriate balance between recognizing and implementing appropriate technical advances, ensuring the minimum disruption to working practices and facilitating ingenious and imaginative usage by enterprising and well informed designers, whilst providing a consistent framework for the delivery of safe yet economic structures.

101

Name: Dr. Amira Mohamed Mohamed Abdelrahman

Work place: Housing and Building Research Center - Dokki - Giza - Egypt

Job title: Professor Emeritus


Paper title: األسباب الجيوتكنيكية لتصدعات المباني وكيفية العمل على تفاديها

Paper abstract:

نظــرا لزيــادة الســكان فــي العقــود القليلــة الماضيــة بمعــدل كبيــر فقــد أدى ذلــك إلــى زيــادة معــدل اإلنشــاء والبنــاء ــن ــى اإلســتفادة أوال م ــة إل ــد، وإتجهــت الدول ــذا التزاي ــة له ــة المقابل ــات الازم ــي الســكنية ومنشــآت الخدم ــر المبان لتوفيالمســاحات فــي المــدن بيــن المبانــي القائمــة، هــذا باإلضافــة إلــى التوســع العمرانــي األفقــي فــي المناطــق الصحراويــة، وفــي غمــرة الطفــرة التــي حدثــت والتطــور الهائــل الســريع فــي اإلنشــاء وبالرغــم مــن إتخــاذ اإلعتبــارات الفنيــة المعتــادة خــال إعــداد الدراســات والتصميمــات المختلفــة إال إنــه قــد ظهــر فــي العديــد مــن المنشــآت تصدعــات تفاوتــت فــي أســبابها وخطورتهــا. يتنــاول البحــث دراســة تحليليــة قوميــة قادتهــا المؤلفــة عــن أســباب تدهــور وتصــدع منشــآت خــال حصــر بيانــات عــدد 530 تقاريــر هندســية متنوعــة تشــمل فحــص ومعاينــة ودراســة الســامة اإلنشــائية لمنشــآت متعــددة صــادرة مــن المركــز القومــي لبحــوث اإلســكان والبنــاء خــال ســنوات عشــر، ويوضــح البحــث فــي أحــد مخرجاتــه نتائــج للحصــر الشــامل للعيــوب اإلنشــائية وغيــر اإلنشــائية لعناصــر المبانــي مــع تحليــل مــدى تكراريــة حدوثهــا، كمــا يوضــح البحــث نتائــج حصــر أســباب المشــاكل فــي المبانــي مــن واقــع الحــاالت المدروســة ويتطــرق البحــث بعــد ذلــك لعــرض الحلــول المائمــة لتافــي والحــد مــن المشــاكل الرئيســية لتصدعــات المبانــي التــي ظهــرت مــن تحليــل البيانــات المختلفــة. حيــث ظهــر إن مــن أهــم األســباب الرئيســية للتصدعــات التــى حدثــت فــي المبانــي بنــاء علــى البيانــات التــي تــم تحليلهــا مــن ــة ــاب الصيان ــم يليهــا غي ــي، ث ــى التوال ــة عل ــة بواقــع 278، 249 حال ــذ واألســباب الجيوتكنيكي الحصــر هــي ســوء التنفيوالخطــأ التصميمــي والعوامــل البيئيــة ثــم وجــود بعــض الحــاالت التــي تعكــس غيــاب الوعــي بمتطلبــات الســامة لــدى ــول ــة عنصــر إنشــائي. وفــي إطــار الحل ــى أو إزال مالكــي أو مســتخدمي هــذه المنشــآت ســواء مــن ســوء إســتخدام المبنالمطروحــة إصــدار كشــف إســتيفاء بيانــات لفحــص ومعاينــة المبانــي الخرســانية مــع إعطــاء دليلــا للقائــم علــى المعاينــة لتوضيــح الفحــوص واإلختبــارات الازمــة والمائمــة للحــاالت المختلفــة، وإصــدار نمــوذج للتقريــر الفنــي لدراســة الســامة اإلنشــائية للمنشــآت، وبالنســبة لألســباب الجيوتكنيكيــة التــي تــم تحليلهــا مــن الحصــر وجــد إنهــا ناتجــة إمــا عــن قصــور ــن ــة أو م ــي المناطــق الصحراوي ــا ف ــة وتصرفه ــات الترب ــى نوعي ــرف عل ــة التع ــن ناحي ــة م ــي الممارســة الجيوتكنيكي فناحيــة دراســة وإستكشــاف الموقــع أو القصــور أو عــدم وجــود دراســات أبحــاث التربــة لموقــع المشــروع أو عــدم اإلهتمــام بالعوامــل البيئيــة، ذلــك باإلضافــة إلــى نقــص فــي الدراســات األوليــة إلختيــار مواقــع العمــران الجديــدة. ولذلــك يقــدم البحــث نمــوذج لكشــوف إســتيفاء مكونــات تقريــر إستكشــاف التربــة وتوصيــات التأســيس بجانــب عــدد مــن التوصيــات التــي مــن شــأنها التقليــل مــن حــدوث األســباب الجيوتكنيكيــة لتصدعــات المبانــي التــي تــم حصرهــا فــي هــذه الدراســة وتشــتمل علــى

النواحــي الفنيــة والنواحــي اإلداريــة والتنظيميــة.

102

Name: Eng. Kamal Hossni Rasheed Algobali

Work place: Algobali Engineering Consultants

Job title: General Manager


Paper title: Materials Cost and Quality Evaluation for Housing Projects

Paper abstract:

Building materials commonly used in Saudi construction market is of the utmost importance due to the multiplicity of these construction methods as well as the multiplicity of building materials, both in terms of man-ufacturing origin and quality of specifications. These verities make the choices very difficult and expensive es-pecially when time available for project design & study is short with limited budgets for design and construction. Different structural systems for residential houses required evaluations for these implementation methods such as precast application, Skelton concrete system cast in situ and load bearing wall system. Designers need to evaluate suitability of all construction methods to select the right way in term of time, budget and project speci-fications. The wall bearing system was chosen to be the structural system for residential building. This paper will show how the load bearing wall is suitable for low height residential house ranges between (2-3) floors. Also it will describe the methods of how to expand and extend the second and third story levels for 2064 villas owned by Ministry of Public Houses in Medina Munwarah. The existing ground floor built in the early eighties (1980) using precast concrete panels. The study will show also the details comparison between precast concrete pan-els and load bearing system for extending these houses. The comparison technique showed how the selection of appropriate system and materials will reduce the project costs, and improving materials quality. As a result of this study some industrials building models patents are discovered also new design ideas are used throughout this project.

103

االسم : أ. د. عمر بن سعيد باغبره العمودي

جهة العمل : جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن الظهران - المملكة العربية السعودية

المسمى الوظيفي : عميد، الخدمات التعليمية

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : المواصفات والمقاييس في صناعة التعدين


تــم إعــداد كــود البنــاء الســعودي مؤخــرا بعــد تشــكيل لجنــة فرعيــة كان هدفهــا الرئيســي مراجعــة كــود البنــاء ــة ــروف المناخي ــة والظ ــات الجيومورفولوجي ــع البيئ ــب م ــة لتتناس ــات الازم ــراء التعدي ــي )ACI 318( وإج األمريكالخاصــة بالمملكــة العربيــة الســعودية وإعتمــادا علــى مراجعــة البحــوث والمؤلفــات والخبــرة العمليــة. وللعلــم، فــإن معظــم التعديــات التــي تــم إعتمادهــا فــي كــود البنــاء الســعودي كانــت فــي الفصــل الرابــع )متطلبــات الديمومــة( والقســم 13-5 )متطلبــات الطقــس الحــار( مــن الكــود ACI 318. وتهــدف هــذه التعديــات ألن تكــون المنشــآت الخرســانية مســتدامة فــي

جميــع الظــروف والبيئــات المحيطــة.

104

االسم : االستاذ/ نبيل بن سليمان بن ابراهيم جابر دمنهوري

جهة العمل : وزارة الطاقة والصناعة والثروة المعدنية- وكالة الوزارة للثروة المعدنية

المسمى الوظيفي : مدير عام الرخص واالمتيازات

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : دور اعمال الكشف في زيادة مساهمة قطاع التعدين في الناتج االجمالي المحلي


تعتبــر المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية ذات بيئــة جيولوجيــة إقتصاديــة جيــدة حيــث تمثــل صخــور الــدرع العربــي ثلــث مســاحة المملكــة وتتبــع دهــر طائــع الحيــاة ) عصــر ماقبــل الكمبــري ( وتتكــون مــن صخــور ناريــة ومتحولــة وتحتــوي علــى مواقــع الرواســب المعدنيــة الفلزيــة والتــي يبلــغ عددهــا حوالــي 2424 موقعــا ، فــي حيــن تمثــل صخــور الرصيــف القــاري ثلثــي مســاحة المملكــة وتتبــع دهــر الحيــاة الظاهــرة ) عصــر مــا بعــد الكمبــري ( وتتكــون مــن صخــور رســوبية وتزخــر بالعديــد مــن الرواســب المعدنيــة الافلزيــة مثــل الفوســفات والبوكســايت ورمــل الســليكا عالــي النقــاوة والحجــر الجيــري وتشــير الدراســات بــأن المملكــة تكتنــز داخلهــا ثــروة معدنيــة تقــدر قيمتهــا بحوالــي 700 مليــار دوالر أمريكــي علــى الرغــم مــن حجــم هــذه الثــروة اال أن حجــم االســتثمار فــي قطــاع التعديــن فــي المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية اليــزال ــار دوالر ــي 17 ملي ــام2015م حوال ــي لع ــي المحل ــج االجمال ــي النات ــن ف ــاع التعدي ــاهمة قط ــت مس ــث بلغ ــض حي منخفأمريكــي أي مــا يعــادل نســبة2% مــن الناتــج المحلــي ولعــل مــن أحــد أهــم أســباب انخفــاض هــذه النســبة محدوديــة االنفــاق علــى اعمــال الكشــف حيــث ان معــدل االنفــاق علــى أعمــال الكشــف بالمملكــة العربيــة الســعودية تبلــغ 23 دوالر أمريكــي/كــم2 فــي حيــث يبلــغ متوســط االنفــاق العالمــي علــى أعمــال الكشــف 111 دوالر أمريكــي /كــم2 ، وهنــاك دول ذات معــدل ــغ المتوســط 243 دوالر امريكــي /كــم2 ممــا ســاهم ــدا وأســتراليا حيــث يبل إنفــاق مرتفــع علــى أعمــال الكشــف مثــل كنبشــكل كبيــر فــي إكتشــاف الرواســب المعدنيــة وارتفــاع مســاهمة قطــاع التعديــن فــي الناتــج االجمالــي المحلــي لهــذه الــدول حيــث تقــدر مســاحة قطــاع التعديــن الســنوية فــي أســتراليا بحوالــي 143 مليــار دوالر أمريكــي وفــي كنــدا بحوالــي 55.4 مليــار دوالر أمريكــي. ويواجــه تطويــر أعمــال الكشــف فــي المملكــة العديــد مــن التحديــات التــي يمكــن التغلــب عليهــا مــن خــال تبنــي عــدد مــن السياســات والمبــادرات التــي يمكــن مــن خالهــا زيــادة وتيــرة أعمــال الكشــف والتنقيــب عــن المعــادن التــي مــن شــأنها زيــادة حجــم االســتثمارات التعدينيــة ورفــع نســبة مســاهمة قطــاع التعديــن فــي الناتــج االجمالــي المحلــي

بحيــث يصبــح أحــد الدعائــم االساســية القتصــاد الوطنــي.

105

االسم : المهندس/ احمد محسن محمد العطاس

جهة العمل : هيئة المساحة الجيولوجية السعودية

المسمى الوظيفي : مستشار رئيس الهيئة

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : المواصفات والمقاييس في صناعة التعدين


تغيــرت صناعــة التعديــن فــي أثنــاء الثــورة الصناعيــة تغيــرا جذريــا وخاصــة باكتشــاف فحــم الكــوك وصناعــة ــن واآلالت ــتخدام المكائ ــم واس ــي المناج ــدوي ف ــل الي ــف العم ــن توق ــة التعدي ــي صناع ــم التطــورات ف ــن أه ــران وم األفالعماقــة وكذلــك اســتخدام الطاقــة لتشــغيلها فأصبــح اإلنتــاج ضخمــا وزادت تكاليــف التشــغيل والصيانــة وتطلــب العمــل فــي المناجــم عمــال ماهريــن لتشــغيل هــذه المعــدات واآلالت علــى مــدار الســاعة وأصبحــت المناجــم مــدن متكاملــة مــن المرافــق والخدمــات ولذلــك أصبــح وضــع المواصفــات والمقاييــس ضــرورة ملحــة حتــى يســتمر اإلنتــاج بصــورة مرضيــة

وتحقيــق األربــاح للشــركات وتأميــن الســامة للعامليــن والبيئــة بشــكل عــام.

106

Name: Eng. Zainelabdin Khalid Zainelabdin Elfaki

Work place: Dar Altaadeen Company Mining House

Job title: Business development engineer


Paper title: REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE BLOCK WITH MARBLE WASTE

Paper abstract:

This experimental study of the reinforcement of concrete brick with marble waste aims to show the influence of partial replacement of cement with marble waste on the workability and compressive strength of concrete. Three replacement percentages of 10%, 20% and 30% were used with different curing times of 7, 14and 28 days. For the optimum results and in order to reduce the effect of human errors on the study accu-racy, two specimens were prepared for each percentage and curing time. For this study, marble powder from Mining House Company in Saudi Arabia was used. After doing all the experiment works it was observed that the replacement of Concrete brick with marble waste enhanced the loading strength and the workability of pre-pared concrete bricks. It was also observed that the 20% replacement of cement with marble waste is the best replacement percentage compared to the other replacement percentages. Marble waste from manufacturing companies either in powder, sludge or slabs form has serious harmful effect on the environment. Furthermore, the usage of marble waste in such industries has many other benefits such as economic benefit of selling the marble wastes and saving the natural resources.

107

Name: Prof. LAATAR Essaied

Work place: Tunis



Paper title: Geological and Mining Geospaatial-data in Tunisia

Paper abstract:

The Geological and mining investigation and exploration during the last decades in order to understand the potentialities of raw mineral and valuable material of soils and rocks bringing until by the Tunisian Mining Of-fice National Mining Office (TNMO) a huge geo-database very useful of the improvement of Economic National of Tunisia . Many foreigner organisms would like to invest in this sector by more geophysical investigation in order to better know the geological structure in which many mineral deposits can be involved. This is also more than 70% of the national territory of Tunisia covered by a mapping based to, 1/50 000 and 1/100 000 scales, more than 600 geological signs and many deposits and old mining are studied. Therefore, more than 400 000 samples of stream-sediments analyzed by multi-elements technique that is 1 million geochemical indications, more than 60 maps to 1/50 000 covered by a gravimetric method at the rate of one station by kilometer and more than 300 000 m drilling over coring and so on. The Geological and Mining GIS (GMGIS) developed since 2002 which is used within the TNMO in order to answer to the intern and specific preoccupations allowing to improve and modernize the management methods for the use of information. A general coordination through the national project dealing with geometrics development becomes useful in order to manage our territory and our natural resources with national manner, to dispose with updated information and very diversify and to allow quickly and permanent: process, analyze, and overlap this information in order to answer to multiple questions with satisfaction conditions . In this paper, we expose the methodology used to carry out GIS applications, how to improve it and to satisfy the requirement of foreigner Mining Engineering investors and as well as the main results found during the last decades and how to exploit this geological and mining geospatial data within the TNMO for foreigner investment for foreigner investment.

108

Value Engineering and Project Management

109

Name: Mr. Javier Poveda Sanchez

Work place: ARC

Job title: Executive Director


Paper title: Case Study: PPP - Unsolicited Proposal (USP) in Healthcare Facilities

Paper abstract:

Private-sector participation in healthcare infrastructure is most often contracted through regulated and competitive solicited procurement processes. An alternative is a privately initiated process (often referred to as an Unsolicited Proposal (USP)), whereby a private-sector entity reaches out to the government with a proposal to develop a healthcare infrastructure project, such as a General Hospital. An unsolicited proposal (USP) is a proposal made by a private party to undertake a public-private partnership (PPP) project, submitted at the initia-tive of the private firm, rather than in response to a request from the government. Countries have different levels of capacity to identify, prioritize, prepare and procure projects; competency in public-private partnership (PPP) project implementation; and maturity of their PPP markets and frameworks. Emerging markets, where maturity of PPP cells has still room for improvement, are the one to benefit of USPs as a channel to complete or speed up the completion of their healthcare facilities network, and also a tool to foster transparency and competitiveness.

110

االسم : د. فيصل الفديع فيحان الشريفجهة العمل : قطاع خاصالمسمى الوظيفي : مدير

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : محفزات ومعوقات تطبيقات مشاريع المشاركة بين القطاعين العام والخاص


تتجــه المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية فــي رؤيــة 2030 الــى التوجــه للقطــاع الخــاص ليكــون شــريكا فــي التنميــة. وقــد ظهــرت أنظمــة المشــاركة بيــن القطاعيــن العــام والخــاص كبديــل يوفــر المشــاريع التــي تحتــاج اليهــا الحكومــات ويخفــف األعبــاء المتعلقــة بالتمويــل واإلدارة ليكــون القطــاع الخــاص مســئوال عنهــا. وقــد نصــت الرؤيــة 2030 علــى تحــول دور الحكومــة مــن مقــدم او مــزود للخدمــات الــى منظــم ومراقــب للقطاعــات. ومــادام ان االمــر يعتمــد علــى شــراكة فعليــة بيــن القطاعيــن العــام والخــاص، فــإن معرفــة المحفــزات التــي تشــجع علــى تطبيــق مشــاريع المشــاركة بيــن القطاعيــن العــام والخــاص مهــم لتبنيهــا وتعزيزهــا، وكذلــك معرفــة العوامــل التــي تعيــق تطبيقــات مشــاريع المشــاركة بيــن القطاعيــن العــام والخــاص مهــم أيضــا وذلــك فــي ســبيل اتخــاذ االجــراءآت التــي تكفــل عاجهــا وادارتهــا بشــكل يتيــح للقطــاع الخــاص ان يكــون شــريكا فعــاال مــع القطــاع العــام فــي مبــادرات التخصيــص والمشــاركة. يركــز هــذا العــرض علــى تتبع العوامــل التي تحفــز تطبيقــات مشــاريع المشــاركة الطويلــة االجــل للقطــاع الخــاص مــع القطــاع العــام فــي مشــاريع التنميــة، وتوضيــح العوامــل التــي تســاهم فــي إعاقــة القطــاع الخــاص وابعــاده عــن المشــاركة فــي مثــل هــذه المبــادرات. اســتنادا علــى التجارب

العالميــة فــي هــذا الصــدد واعتمــادا علــى افضــل الممارســات التــي تــم تنفيذهــا فــي انحــاء متعــددة مــن العالــم.

111

Name: Dr. Saad Matar Fahid Al Shahrani

Work place: Engineering consultances

Job title: Director of Misk Consulting Office


Paper title: DEVELOPMENT THE A DISPUTE RESOLUTION FRAMEWORK IN SAUDI CONSTRUC-TION PROJECTS

Paper abstract:

THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA (KSA) HAS THE ON OF THE FASTEST GROWING ECONOMIES IN THE MIDDLE EASt,AND THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN THE KSA HAS BECOME THE LARGEST

.....CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN THE MIDDLE EAST......

112

Name: Dr. Bander Taher Nourah

Work place: The National Commercial Bank

Job title: Digital Service Manager


Paper title: PROJECT SUCCESS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT SUCCESS

Paper abstract:

Many researchers have focus on measuring project management success that tanel (time, scope and cost) while others focus on comprehensive measure of project success. The aim is to investigate the measure of project success factors and the relation between project management success and project success in Saudi Arabia. Survey method has been used to identify the factors that measure project success such as customer satisfaction, project meets strategic objectives and other various factors have been identified that measure proj-ect success and relationship between project success and project management success. The finding shows an important relation between project management success and project success.

113

Name: Mr. Larry Dysert

Work place: Conquest Consulting Group

Job title: Managing Partner


Paper title: Effective Control of Capital Projects – It Shouldn’t Be That Difficult

Paper abstract:

Everybody involved with the execution of capital projects is aware of the prevalence of projects to exceed both their budgeted cost and schedule, with the problem exacerbated by the size of the project. In the year 2017, one would have thought that smart people like ourselves (especially with the computing power we have at our fingertips) should have solved the difficulties of managing and controlling large projects - however our projects continue to miss their cost and schedule targets. A contributing reason for this is that as the complexity of our projects has grown, we have also increased the complexity of our processes, procedures, tools, data collection efforts, etc. Perhaps it is time to go back to fundamentals. Using the AACE International Total Cost Management (TCM) Framework as a basis, this presentation will highlight the fundamental simplicity that should drive our cost engineering and project control activities, and identify two important project control functions that are critical to project success. Combined with appropriate communication and team interaction (also tenets of TCM) following a simple cycle of plan-do-check-act can improve our project execution effectiveness that is scalable to all sizes of projects.

114

Name: Mr. Vinod Savji Bopalia

Work place: Saudi Aramco, Yanbu



Paper title: Project governance - Performance measurement and management (scope, cost and schedule)

Paper abstract:

Success for any project highly depends upon the effectiveness of project governance. This is the man-agement framework within which key project key decisions are made. Therefore, the role of project governance is to provide a decision-making framework that is logical and robust and can manage an organization’s capital investments. In this way, an organization will have a structured approach to drive projects to achieve corporate goals. This process includes project performance measurement (KPIs) and management. 1. Project performance measurement (KPIs): Key performance indicators (KPIs) in project management consist of various specific mea-surement techniques for indicating how well teams are achieving project specific goals. Project management KPIs are generally agreed upon early in the project to achieve the best positive results. 2. Project performance management: This is a critical factor in optimizing project performance. It is defined as the “standard of man-agement” by which a project’s efficiency, progress, performance, productivity and quality of deliverables is as-sessed and managed. This also sets forward the direction of the project so that it attains the expected result. Delivering a project to address all requirements (scope), budget allocated (cost), within the time frame prom-ised (schedule) are fundamental challenges for any project. A well-established project governance structure will ensure these three critical parameters of a project are achieved. Additionally, a governance framework is not “one-size-fits-all.” Project governance provides a single point of accountability which, mandates clarity and consistency of decision making for the entire life cycle of the project. As per the Gallup Business Journal, a study by PricewaterhouseCoopers, which reviewed 10,640 projects from 200 companies in 30 countries and across various industries, found that only 2.5% of the companies successfully completed 100% of their projects. KPIs of projects are progressing with mostly “green,” some “amber” and few “red” indicators which are presented to management. This paper will provide insight beyond requirement of legacy project KPIs and demonstrate effec-tiveness of a project governance structure towards project success.

115

Name: Eng. Aljohani A (speaker) & Moore D

Work place: Al-Baha University

Job title: lecturer


Paper title: CONTRACTORS’ COST OVERRUN IN PUBLIC PROJECTS IN THE SAUDI CONSTRUC-TION INDUSTRY: A REVIEW

Paper abstract:

Cost overruns are endemic in the delivery of construction projects. The problem is global and occurs irrespective of type and size of the project, duration, its location, procurement method or client. The size of over-runs can be as high as 200% in some cases. Projects thus unfortunately often make the news headlines, not for their immense socio-economic contribution to society, but for being poorly procured. The Saudi Government has been investing billions of Dollars in infrastructure projects each year as part of an ambitious strategic devel-opment agenda to diversify its oil and gas economy. However, reports show that about 3,000 public projects face diverse issues related to time and cost overrun. As part of an ongoing study to develop a framework for efficient public procurement for the Saudi Arabian construction industry, this paper reports the initial findings of the causes of contractors’ cost overruns in the context of the Saudi public projects. It also evaluates the in-terface between some of the front-end loading issues in government procurement in Saudi and their effects on contractors’ project performance. A systematic review of the existing literature on construction cost overruns as well as process tracing methods have been adopted to achieve the paper aim. The consistent review of over 104 studies shows the complexity of the cost overrun problem and that causes of cost overrun vary from one context to another. The process tracing of public Saudi construction industry shows that the Saudi construction industry suffers from a severe lack of trust between project stakeholders. One of the initial findings is that the Public Work Contract (a fixed unit-price) which is usually used by the Saudi public agencies to transfer all financial risks to contractors has an unintended consequence of creating a turbulent environment for the delivery of the project which leads to project abandonment by contractors, poor quality of work, and substantial rework.

116

Name: Adnan Ali Hasan Al Rahma

Work place: Bahrain Airport Services

Job title: Head of Projects


Paper title: The Strategies for Successful Public Private Partnerships

Paper abstract:

Public-private partnerships (PPP) is considered as the one of the key techniques to fund and sustain infrastructure projects and public services in any city in the world. The projects of PPP can be very complicated as normally they are large projects by which serves certain number of years. Because of the Limited resourc-es dedicated for certain infrastructure projects, governments normally seeking forming a collaboration in order to deliver projects related to electricity, water, transportations and many other forms of infrastructure projects. Recent projects proves that collaboration with the private sector in terms of build operate and transfer might be much efficient even in providing services than governments alone. When PPP has been initiated in a proper manner, where all the process generated through professional and well-structured studies, this can generate a better value for the investment, as in terms of duration; the project will take less time due to a collaboration be-tween the parties by which will be supported with proper management . And when it comes to the services, the highest standard will be offered in order to attract customer and enhance the rate of return (IRR). This will even allow more improvements in the system by which to be reflected in the service and operation maintaining. Today, public/private partnerships are considered “creative alliances” formed between a government entity and private developers to achieve a common purpose. Other actors have joined such partnerships—including nongovern-mental institutions, such as health care providers and educational institutions; nonprofit associations, such as community-based organizations; and intermediary groups, such as business improvement districts this paper seeks to discuss key innovative ways to for successful Public Private Partnership’s strategies Keywords: Project Management, PPP, Government, Investment, and Innovative.

117

Name: Robert Joslin

Work place: AIPMO

Job title: Co-Founder


Paper title: PMO Maturity, Project Management Maturity and Project Success - the impact of leader-ship skills on this relationship

Paper abstract:

Project failure, is estimated yearly in the hundreds of billions of Euro (McManus & Wood-Harper, 2008) where failure is not limited to any specific industry (Flyvbjerg, Berzelius, & Rothengatter, 2003; Nichols, Sharma, & Spires, 2011; Pinto & Mantel, 1990). Project Management Offices (PMOs) have been in existence for many decades however the understanding of PMO maturity is not well understood, nor is the relationship between PMO maturity and Project Management Maturity. This presentation provides both the latest research findings and insights on these topics including the causal links between PMO maturity, Project Management maturity and project success. The presentation then shows how leadership skills can directly and indirectly influence PMO maturity, Project Management maturity and Project Success. Saudi engineers will gain a better understanding of these variables, their relationships and combined impact on project success. With this knowledge, they will be able to determine what is required to increase PMO maturity levels whilst in parallel, focusing on the training and leadership skills development to increase the positive effect leadership on the relationship between these variables.

118

Name: Mr. Peter Kaul

Work place: Munich, Germany

Job title: Program Manager Europe


Paper title: The importance of aligned principles in maturity models for PM and PMOs - recommendations for selected industries

Paper abstract:

PMOs can help organizations to meet their strategic and operational goals. However, little is known about the leading principles for PMO maturity to make PMOs more successful, more sustainable and more capable to cope with changing environments applicable for any kind of PMO and industry. Most of the current approaches and models apply procedural approaches and therefore exhibit numerous shortcomings, hence are not entirely capable to develop the full potential of PM and PMOs. This presentation explains the importance of aligned leading organizational and operating principles, e.g. among others, the AIPMO® principles, in maturity models for both PM and PMOs. Applying central, inbound and outbound views on PMOs, it demonstrates how princi-ples increase the likelihood of PMOs meeting their goals and help to increase their maturity. Recommendations for selected industries are given. The presentation is based on PMO research findings of the last 15 years as well as recent and ongoing evidence-based research.

119

Name: Dr. Saadi Mohammad Nour Adra

Work place: ADVISORS - Lebanon, KSA, UAE, Algeria

Job title: CEO


Paper title: Why Do PMCs Fail When They Try To Act As PMOs?

Paper abstract:

What is a Project Management Office and how does it relate to Project Management Control for large infrastructure projects? PMOs have been commonly spread in government organizations and large corporates, why PMC on the other hand is more common within engineering companies and focus on managing the tech-nicalities of projects. Recently, quite a few famous engineering companies have been requested to establish PMOs for ministries, to help meet some of the requirements of Vision 2030. Typical engineering firms reverted to what they know best and offered their standard PMC services through establishing an organization at the client side that hosts all the various roles they offer, such as planners, cost engineers, document controllers and what not. In many cases they failed as PMOs. Primarily, PMOs cannot be established using a ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL approach, as there are multiple types of PMOs, each serving a different purposes. Hence the most import-ant question is why do we need a PMO? To answer this question for a Capital Infrastructure project, we need to define PMC roles and its relationship with the PMO as well. All PMOs should be aligned to specific strategic organizational objectives, and should not be established without proper initiation process. PMO initiation can be facilitated by external consultants, but can only be owned by the top authority of the organization, especially if the purpose is to realize the organizational or national vision. Initiation is often started by conducting a thorough assessment, resulting in a Gap Analysis report. Following the PMO Business Case is developed, answering all types of questions, and includes components such as: PMO Roadmap, Governance & Executive Sponsorship, Organizational Collaboration Approach, Capacity Building, Knowledge Management and other vital ingredients. Since change is inevitable, and PMOs are required to help implement change, nowadays PMO cannot afford but to be quite Agile in nature.

120

Name: Dr. Mazen Mohammed El ebari

Work place: GE

Job title: Regional Project Manager


Paper title: PMO implementation challenges in Saudi organizations in private sector

Paper abstract:

Recently, the government of Saudi Arabia has adopted the concept of project and program management office (PMO) as vehicle for archiving the vision 2030. Taking in consideration, the PMO concept was practiced since 2000 in many organizations following the PMI methodology. However, recent research has concluded that project management contributes little in realizing organizational strategy. Given these observations, this study explored how the project-oriented organizations in Saudi Arabia are practicing PMO. It does so by adopting a qualitative method, involving four organizations from private sector. This study concluded that, PMO has a little contribution in realizing the organizations vision and strategy. Moreover, this study has identified several challenges confronting the participated organizations from Saudi Arabia, and shown that these challenges to be inter-related and anticipated. These challenges of the case study organizations were related directly to the translation of project management practice. The study makes several recommendations to improve the imple-mentation of the PMO.

121

االسم : المهندس/ حمود بن عواض بن حمود السالميجهة العمل : شركة آد للهندسة

المسمى الوظيفي : الرئيس[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : هندسة القيمية تتجنب النفقات الزائدة قبل وقوعها


ســتتحدث هــذه الورقــة عــن الهندســة القميــة ودورهــا فــي تجنــب النفقــات الزائــدة فــي المنتجــات أو المشــروعات أو الخدمــات قبــل وقوعهــا ، وســتتحدث عــن الــدور الــذي يجــب أن يلعبــه مديــر المشــروع أو مالــك المشــروع فــي ترشــيد اإلنفــاق علــى المشــروع أو المنتــج فــي جميــع مراحلــه بشــكل مــدروس غيــر عشــوائي ، وبمــا ال يؤثــر علــى الجــودة وال الكفــاءة وال األداء ، كمــا ســنبين المنهجيــة المهنيــة التــي يمكــن تطليقهــا فــي كافــة مراحــل التصنيــع أو الخدمــة مــن خــال المصمميــن أو المقاوليــن أو المورديــن ، أو المشــغلين ، وكيــف أن الهندســة القيميــة تعمــل بشــكل مهنــي متــوازن يحقــق التكامــل فــي األداء بيــن جميــع عناصــر المشــروع. وســتتحدث الورقــة عــن عــدد مــن التجــارب الناجحــة المحليــة والعالميــة ــك التجــارب ، ومــا هــي الوســيلة المناســبة ــج تل ــة ، ونتائ ــي المراحــل المختلف ــة ف ــق األفضــل للهندســة القيمي ــي التطبي فلتطبيــق المنهــج ذاتــه فــي الجهــات المختلفــة فــي القطاعيــن العــام والخــاص ، وكيــف أن تطبيــق الهندســة القيميــة ليــس لــه أي آثــار ســلبية ألبتــة ، بخــاف بعــض األســاليب األخــرى التــي ينتــج عنهــا ضعــف فــي األداء أو الجــودة أو القيمــة. كمــا ســتبين الورقــة بعــض النتائــج العالميــة فــي الــدول المتقدمــة، وآليــة العمــل بالهندســة القيميــة ، والقــرارات التــي تصــدر مــن

الجهــات التنظيميــة فــي العالــم ، وثمــار تلــك القــرارات والدراســات.

122

االسم : المهندس/ صالح بن ظاهر قضيب العشيش جهة العمل : مستشار

المسمى الوظيفي : مستشار مهني متفرغ[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : هندسة القيمة منهج للتعليم الهندسي


التعليــم الهندســي هــو المرحلــة التــي تســبق انخــراط الشــخص فــي الحيــاة العمليــة بتحدياتهــا وتداعياتهــا، فإمــا أن يكــون مهندســا لــه مســاهمته فــي صنــع محيطــه ولــه اســهاماته فــي تطويــر مجتمعــه ومهنتــه، أو أن يكــون رقمــا مــن األرقــام. إن هندســة القيمــة هــي منهــج تفكيــر قبــل أن تكــون أســلوب عمــل، والتعليــم الهندســي يتمحــور حــول تخريــج مهندســين مــن ذوي الكفايــة العلميــة والتفكيــر المســتقل والدرايــة العمليــة ممــن يوظــف ملكــة االســتنباط واالبتــكار أو هكــذا يجــب. لــذا إن تطبيــق منهــج هندســة القيمــة علــى التعليــم الهندســي مــن شــأنه أن يهيئهــم لهــذا ويجعــل عملهــم الوظيفــي امتــدادا تطبيقيــا لمــا كان يجــري فــي أروقــة الــدرس وورش المختبــرات. مــن هنــا نســتطيع أن نحــول الوظيفــة الهندســية إلــى رســالة مــن الدرجــة االولــى إلحــداث الفــرق

واالمســاك بزمــام التحــول.

123

االسم : المهندس/ بدر ملبس ندا الذايديجهة العمل : المؤسسة العامة للرعاية السكنية - دولة الكويت

المسمى الوظيفي : كبير مهندسين إختصاصيين[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : دور الهندسة القيمية في الحد من تكاليف التشغيل والصيانة.


تعــد منطقــة الخليــج العربــي مــن المناطــق التــي أنعــم هللا عليهــا بمــورد مــن المــوارد الحيويــة, والــذي ســاعدها علــى أن تمــر بطفــرة حضاريــة كبيــرة, حيــث أصبحــت المنطقــة تزخــر بالكفــاءات العلميــة التــي ســاعدتها علــى النهــوض فــي العديــد مــن المجــاالت العمرانيــة والصناعيــة واالقتصاديــة. مــع ازديــاد المشــاريع العمرانيــة أصبحــت تواجــه تحديــات كبيــرة منهــا الزيــادة غيــر المبــررة فــي التكاليــف الكليــة لهــذه المشــاريع و التــي منهــا تكاليــف التشــغيل والصيانــة و هــي ــاء بهــا يكــون مــن ــر هــذه المشــاريع واالرتق ــد ترســية المشــاريع. إن تحســين وتطوي ــار عن ــا ال تؤخــذ بعيــن االعتب غالبــك عــن ــب الشــرعية, ناهي ــد مــن المطال ــا, وهــذا يع ــاء دورة حياته ــا أثن ــى تكاليفه ــع الســيطرة عل ــا م ــع قيمته خــال رفالظــروف المحيطــة بالمنطقــة التــي تجعلــه مطلبــا ملحــا نتيجــة االعتمــاد علــى مــوارد يعــد أغلبهــا قابــا للنضــوب. بنــاء علــى مــا ســبق سأســلط الضــوء فــي هــذه الورقــة علــى دور تطبيــق الهندســة القيميــة فــي المشــاريع و أثــره علــى التشــغيل والصيانــة و ذلــك مــن خــال طــرح البدائــل التــي تتيــح االســتخدام األمثــل للمــوارد المتاحــة للوصــول لمشــاريع اقتصاديــة

ذات جــودة عاليــة دون المســاس بالمتطلبــات واالحتياجــات الضروريــة التــي اقيمــت مــن أجلهــا هــذا المشــاريع.

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االسم : المهندس/ عبدالعزيز سليمان محمد اليوسفيجهة العمل : اليوسفي للهندسة القيمية

المسمى الوظيفي : الرئيس[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : دور الهندسة القيمية اإليجابي لتحقيق رؤية المملكة 2030


ــليمان ــز س ــدس / عبدالعزي ــم : المهن ــة 2030. تقدي ــة المملك ــق رؤي ــي تحقي ــي ف ــة اإليجاب ــة القيمي دور الهندســت ــة عــام 1978 حقق ــي المملك ــا ف ــن بدايته ــة الســعودية للمهندســين م ــة – الهيئ ــس شــعبة الهندســة القيمي اليوســفي رئيــر مــن 50 ــر أكث ــع جــودة المشــروعات وتوفي ــث تحســين ورف ــة مــن حي ــر مــن النجاحــات الموثق ــة الكثي الهندســة القيميمليــار فــي المشــروعات الهندســة. ولذلــك أصــدرت وزارة الماليــة الســعودية فــي أكتوبــر عــام 2001 تعميــم بخصــوص الزاميــة تطبيــق منهجيــة الهندســة القيميــة علــى جميــع المشــروعات الحكوميــة التــي تزيــد تكلفتهــا علــى العشــرين مليــون لاير ســعودي. وذلــك بنــاء علــى توصيــة االقتصــادي األعلــى بــأن يصاحــب تقديــم المشــاريع الجديــدة المطلــوب اعتمادهــا بالميزانيــة دراســة للهندســة القيميــة للتنفيــذ والتشــغيل والصيانــة علــى مــدى عمــر تلــك المشــاريع. وحــددت وزارة الماليــة فــي تعميمهــا العديــد مــن االيجابيــات لنتائــج دراســة الهندســة القيميــة الدقيقــة وتطبيقهــا ومنهــا: 1- عــرض األفــكار وبدائــل التنفيــذ وتحليلهــا بأســلوب عملــي مــن فريــق متخصــص. 2- تحديــد األســلوب األنســب للتنفيــذ والتشــغيل والصيانــة بأقــل التكاليــف الممكنــة. 3- المســاعدة علــى خفــض تكاليــف التنفيــذ والتشــغيل والصيانــة بشــكل ايجابــي . 4- المحافظــة علــى األهــداف والغــرض الــذي أوجــد مــن أجلــه المشــروعوجودته وعمــره. 5- تافــي اللجــوء إلــى تجزئــة المشــروع أو إلغــاء بعــض أجزائــه بمــا يؤثــر ســلبا علــى الغــرض الــذي أوجــد مــن أجلــه أو جودتــه أو تخفيــض عمــره نتيجــة اإلخــال بأعمــال ــة » ــى المشــروعات الحكومي ــاق عل ــيد اإلنف ــة . 7- ترش ــوارد الدول ــل لم ــتثمار األمث ــق االس ــان تحقي ــة. 6- ضم الصيانستســتعرض هــذه الورقــة وباألرقــام نجاحــات تطبيقــات الهندســة القيميــة التــي تمــت فــي المملكــة وكذلــك عــرض خطــة شــاملة لكيفيــة مســاهمة الهندســة القيميــة فــي تحقيــق رؤيــة المملكــة 2030 عبــر تحســين جــودة المشــروعات وتوفيــر فــي

تكاليفهــا والحــد مــن تعثرهــا.

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Computer Engineering and Communications

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Name: Prof. Saad Ali Haj Bakry




Paper title: KSA Vision 2030 & International ICT Indicators: Toward an Integrated ICT Index

Paper abstract:

The KSA vision 2030 has three main broad themes in its drive toward sustainable development: a vibrant society; a thriving economy; and an ambitious nation. The vision initiated the National Transformation Program (NTP) 2020 as an initial development road map toward the achievement of the vision. NTP provided: strategic objectives; indicators; targets for the indicators; and benchmarks covering various fields, at the national level. It also identified initiatives for the achievements of the objectives. The Information and Communication Technol-ogy (ICT) provides tools that enable and activate development in practically all fields. International indicators, concerned with the various ICT dimensions, including: industry, infrastructure, use, impact, innovation and de-velopment are provided by different international organizations. These organizations include: the International Telecommunication Union (ITU); the United Nations Department of Economy and Social Affairs; the World Eco-nomic Forum (WEF); and others. In addressing ICT, NTP identifies “10 strategic objectives”; “17 indicators and targets”; and “31 initiatives”. However, with ICT broad dimensions, and with their impact on all other fields, the ICT assessment view for KSA 2030 broad vision should consider all available international ICT indicators, and not only those identified by NTP, in order to continuously assess and drive ICT development. Furthermore, these indicators can be integrated in such a way that a new ICT structured index, providing a broad ICT view, can be developed. Such an index would be of benefit to KSA vision 2030, and to other strategic development plans in other countries. The paper attempts to explore the above, considering all available international indicators asso-ciated with ICT broad view. In addition, the paper is also concerned with initiating an approach for the derivation of a structured ICT index that integrates the targeted ICT view.

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Name: Eng. Mansour Fahad Saleh Al Obeid

Work place: Head of the Office of Pioneers of Future Technologies for Communications and Information Tech-nology Consultancy

Job title: Head of Future Technology Pioneers Office


Paper title: The evolution of Telecommunication sector and the digital business revolution

Paper abstract:

Addressing the shift in the telecommunications sector from traditional services to building systems , platforms and cloud computing to be an active part of the world of services and applications of sharing econ-omy and IoE Opportunities and challenges in The sharing economy world Several success business models in the world of sharing economy Overwhelming OTT , Telco’s’ growth strategy in the digital and sharing economy world Telco’s’ could play a major role in enhancing and supporting shared services in many sectors such; Health care , Education, Utilities ,Retail , Transportation.

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Name: Eng. Abdurahman Mohammed Ibrahim Al HAssan

Work place: Communications and Information Technology Commission

Job title: General Manager for International Affairs


Paper title: Paving the way to hyper-connected societies: The miracle of IoT

Paper abstract:

Topic Background: The years approaching 2020 will see Internet of Things (IoT) technologies enabling the interconnection of billions of devices, things and objects to achieve the efficiencies borne of innovations such as intelligent buildings and transportation systems, and smart energy and water networks. IoT is contributing to the convergence of industry sectors, with utilities, healthcare and transportation among the many sectors with a stake in the future of IoT. Today we are faced with the challenge of addressing the standardization requirements of the many vertical industries applying information and communication technologies (ICTs) as enabling tech-nologies. This is particularly evident in the field of IoT, where IoT platforms are being developed independently, according to the specific needs of each sector. This divergence in IoT development and deployment has led to an urgent need for stakeholders to come together to mitigate the risk of data “silos” emerging in different indus-try sectors. IoT is closely related to the concepts of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) on the connectivity side, and to Big Data in terms of the content outcomes produced. The IoT also comprises the data produced and transmitted between machines (M2M), as well as between ma-chines and people (M2P). Policies and regulations on data will need to be reconsidered carefully in view of the IoT — in terms of how data are obtained and can be used, how long data can be kept, limits on access by third (fourth or fifth… nth) parties (the term ‘third party’ may prove woefully inadequate in some cases). The informa-tion collected from sensor systems may or may not be freely accessible on the Internet (Open Data), and the data transmitted may or may not cross the public Internet. Not only policies and regulation related to data will be affected by IoT, but also areas of licensing, spectrum management, standards, competition, and security. Purpose of the Talk: Being a Vice-President of the UN specialized agency for ICT’s committee on IoT and smart cities, and being active contributors in the negotiations related to the International internet public policy issues, In my presentation, I will enlighten the audience with the latest developments and discussions that are taking place on IoT standardizations fora, its related public policies, and how IoT and smart Cities relates to Saudi Vision 2030 . In particular, my presentation will touch upon some statistics related to ICT in general and IoT in particular, how different standard development organizations (SDOs) are looking into IoT?, what is the relationship between IoT and Big Data, M2M, Crowdsourcing and others, IoT challenges from technical perspective, IoT challenges from policy perspective, and economic Impact of IoT.

129

Name: Eng. Hossam ElSayed Mahmoud Ibrahim

Work place: Nokia

Job title: Head of E-E CSA, ME


Paper title: Road to the 5th Generation & smart city by NOKIA

Paper abstract:

“5G is the new generation of radio systems and network architecture delivering extreme broadband, ultra-robust, low latency connectivity, and massive networking for the Internet of Things to enable the program-mable world, which will transform our individual lives, economy and society.” ‘’5G will provide round about 1000x more capacity, 100x more connection density, 10x more speed, 10x less latency, 1.5x more mobility. but it’s not these numbers that will make the difference – the ability to efficiently and effectively construct and operate vir-tual network slices will be a key differentiator within the 5G era.’’ Nokia is going to explore the journey to 5G and explain the steps and inflection points needed into that direction.

130

Name: Eng. MOHMAED BAKRY ELGAMAL

Work place: Kuwait

Job title: Head Of Systems Engineering


Paper title: IOT Accelerates digital Transformation

Paper abstract:

Digital Transformation will be in full swing before you know it. By digitizing the most important assets through the Internet of Things (IoT), companies can dramatically grow their business, increase operational effi-ciency, and deliver exciting customer experiences. No wonder, IoT is predicted to be one of the most important factors affecting business fundamentals in the coming decades. The IoT space is a dynamic, fast-paced market where trends are constantly shifting. From Manufacturing and Utilities to Transportation and Smart Cities, dig-itization is transforming industries, driving new growth, and new priorities for firms worldwide. Session will be focusing on Cisco’s IoT Connectivity portfolio for a presentation on how IoT accelerates Digital Transformation. Cisco will demonstrate how Cisco’s IoT strategy helps businesses use the technology to radically improve, trans-form, disrupt operations and generate greater business outcomes. The session will also cover technologies such as Fog Computing, Wireless Mesh and LoRaWAN. This session is a great fit for attendees interested in how the business become digital by providing the products and technology necessary to deliver on the promise of the Internet of Things.

131

Name: Eng. Adel Mohammed Abdullah Almositer

Work place: Saudi Telecom (STC)

Job title: Director of Technical Regulation


Paper title: ICT Policy Making in Saudi Arabia : Theory & practice

Paper abstract:

Saudi Arabia Realize that the roles and requirements of government have grown significantly since the kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s founding. The government agencies needs to evolve and improve continuously. The 2030 Vision draw new changes in government work thru many programs: National Transformation Program and Privation the Government Restructuring Program. The countries that are leaders in planning for ICT sector services have per capita GDPs among the highest in the world, therefore, ICT Sector plays a significant role in the future of the county. One of the main issue influencing a successful public-private partnership is the policy making process. A new trend in developing ICT industry policy should be built based on improvement of the reg-ulator concerning the areas of objectivity, proportionality, consistency and transparency and the contribution of government and non-governments agencies in the creation , Analysis and evaluation of policy making process. The economic growth and social development in the Kingdom will be achieved through the development of the ICT industry with high competitive capabilities that can attract local and international investments, maximize the impact of these technologies on economic and social development, diversify the economic base, create new jobs, facilitate technology transfer and strengthen the competitive position of the Kingdom internationally in the areas of ICT services. Fostering a competitive environment in ICT industry depends largely on an independent, fixable regulatory mechanism. This paper intends to analyze framework of policy making for ICT sector in Saudi Arabia and develop a new mechanism to ensure successful implementation of policy.

132

Name: Dr. Mohamed Abdur Rahman, 1Elham Hassanain, M. Shamim Hossain

Work place: College of Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), University of Prince Mugrin

Job title: Chairman, Department of Forensic Computing and Cyber Security, University of Prince Mugrin


Paper title: Next Generation Hajj Experience in a Smart City: Vision 2030 Perspective

Paper abstract:

In this research, we present our vision about Hajj experience that we assume would be a reality in 2030. We are assuming Makkah and Madinah as model smart cities where each entity related to Hajj and Umrah will directly be connected through a smart city framework to offer all the services to each stakeholder in an efficient and smart way. The proposed framework will help providing Hajj and Umrah related services to each entity such as pilgrims, their family members, Hajj agencies, vehicles and transport system, municipality, governments, health institutions and emergency handling agencies in a smarter way. All these entities will be connected and will contribute their due share to multimedia spatio-temporal data that needs big data repository to support a very large Hajj and Umrah crowd. The proposed framework captures the individual’s context and serves with a subset of relevant services and allows being in touch with a subset of one’s community of interest. We leverage the spatio-temporal multimedia sensory data captured by our framework to define users’ contexts for optimized services. Our proposed framework is also envisioned to assist the Hajj and Umrah authorities to (1) improve Hajj & Umrah service quality, (2) improve Hajj organization through better understanding of pilgrims’ (individual and crowd) spatial and temporal behavior and need, and (3) make Makkah and Madinah offer quality of services in a smart way. In particular, the proposed methods, techniques, and algorithm will support the pilgrimage with qual-ity of experience. We have tested our initial system through end-user subjects during the Hajj 2014 event, which has helped us in shaping this next generation Hajj and Umrah management system. We hope our proposed system will make Makkah and Madinah as a Smart City.

133

Name: Dr. Ibrahim Hamed Ismail Radwan

Work place: Australian National University

Job title: Research Fellow


Paper title: Action Recognition Based on Poses with Noisy Observations

Paper abstract:

In this paper, a human action recognition system is develop- opted based on firstly, estimating the hu-man poses and solving for the self-occlusion problem, secondly, computing the HOOF features around the locations of the estimated joints and thirdly, modelling the human actions with the HCRF. This simple combina-tion between the pose estimation and the HCRF has provided multiple advantages compared with the standard bag- of-visual-words based approaches for instance, the capability of preserving the semantic structures of the features and modelling the pairwise relationships between the successive frames. The adapted models of the human pose estimation provides an automatic and efficient way to feed the human action recognition framework with a solid and discriminative features to represent human actions. In the future, estimating accurate poses for interacting people may be investigated to model multiple body actions. Also, utilizing more high-level features (e.g. 3D poses) may improve recognizing the human actions.

134

Name: Dr. Mohamed Farag Awad Eldessouki

Work place: Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic



Paper title: Deep Learning Algorithms for Sewing Defect Identification and Classification

Paper abstract:

Deep learning is a machine learning technique that utilizes many layers of non-linear transformations to extract features (in supervised or unsupervised manners) from the system’s input. This creates systems that process information more efficiently and capable of performing a wider range of operations for classification and pattern analysis purposes. The hierarchy in this technique with many (deep) layers sets its performance apart from the traditional machine learning techniques, such as the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that have “shal-low architectures” based on one or two non-linear transformations. This work presents a case study for applying this technique - for the first time - in monitoring the quality control of garments and detecting their sewing de-fects. The introduced Artificial Intelligent (AI) system is based on reading the sewing line using a digital camera and processing the acquired images using the deep-learning algorithms. The system shows a great ability to transfer knowledge from pre-trained deep-networks to extract multiple features from the images and use these features in a successful classification of the sewing lines and highlighting the defected spots, if any. Results of this work opens the door for on-line detection systems that can work with higher efficiency, which should reduce the costs associated with salvaging defected garment products.

135

Name: Eng. Yosr Eman Abdelrahman Mohamed Elghazouly

Work place: Faculty of computers and Information, Assiut University, Egypt

Job title: Assistant Lecturer


Paper title: Indoor Positioning System for Facilitating Perception and Navigation of Blind People inside Hospi-tals

Paper abstract:

The World Health Organization estimated in 2014 that 285 million people worldwide are visually im-paired: 39 million are blind and 246 million have low vision. Islam is a universal religion, achieving equality is one of the most important values in it. Islam is a faith community in which everybody interacts with everybody else. The Holy Quraan mentioned the disabled as part of this life, and discussed their rights and urged to take care of them in more than one place. Therefore, everyone has a responsibility to contribute to the best of their ability. Islam has called for protecting the rights of people with disabilities, including people who are blind or visually impaired. In order to achieve equality for blind people we should create a suitable environment for them to deal with public spaces. Mobility and orientation are very challenging for the blind and visually impaired persons. Difficulties in way finding may cause stress and anxiety, which may lead to situations where blind or visually im-paired persons avoid leaving home or visiting unknown, complex places and large-scale spatial environments, like shopping malls or hospitals without assistance. Several mobile applications have been developed to help blind and visually impaired people to find their ways in large scale spatial environments, however since GPS is inadequate due to various causes including multipath and signal blockage indoors, the idea of using Indoor Po-sitioning System (IPS) came out, and since Machine to machine “M2M” refers to direct communication between devices using any communication channels, including wired and wireless, this study offers a M2M solution. Thanks to the increasing number of portable devices, this study aims to utilize indoor positioning system tech-niques to potentially facilitate the navigation and the perception of blind people in hospital indoor environments. The study offers a conceptual approach that investigates how Bluetooth localization “which represents one M2M side” can be used as a promising technique for that aim by distributing low energy beacons along the plan of the hospital which are uniquely identified by the user’s smart phone “M2M other side” and can be accessed using voice recognition technique. Decisions are accordingly communicated to users via virtual verbal guidance. The paper also opens a discussion about the potential challenges and concerns which future explorations, sci-entific research and real-world applications of indoor positioning systems probably will encounter.

136

Name: Eng. Basim Mohammed Ibrahem Alahmadi

Work place: Saudi Telecom Combany

Job title: Senior Sales Operation


Paper title: An Empirical Study of Using Cloud-Based and IOT Services: Agricultural Monitoring and Decision Support

Paper abstract:

The agricultural sector is an important sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which contributes to the provision of food security in the Kingdom, contributes to the exports of the country, agriculture depend heavily on water, which is the basis of growth and expansion of agriculture, and because Saudi Arabia suffers from wa-ter shortage and scarcity of rain, it is greatly effects on agricultural companies which contribute to agricultural development in kingdom. In this project, I will use a new technology which called (Inter Net of Things) to reduce a waste of water in irrigation operations and reduce costs as much as possible, resulting in increased production and reduced expenses, and this project will be on the (date palms) farms.

137

Name: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz & Mr. Adnan Khalid

Work place: Department of CSE, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore

Job title: Professor and Chairman


Paper title: Fog Computing: Cloud Savior and an Intelligent Solution for Latency and Security issues

Paper abstract:

When Cloud computing came forward as the next big thing the main attraction was the replacement of a fixed storage and compute system with a virtual environment that provided a pay-as-you-go service archi-tecture. This meant that an organization could do away with the fixed cost of storing data on physical storage devices as well as save on the expenses incurred on in-house compute resources. This opportunity was un-precedented and hence a large amount of organizations, small, medium and large, around the world shifted from enterprise systems to Cloud based solutions for their storage and compute needs. As the number of users increased the Cloud started experiencing issues related to latency and security. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) the world started to realize that the elastic storage capabilities of the Cloud computing paradigm had their limitations and that the dynamic resource allocation that gave the illusion that Clouds have unlimited storage was after-all dependent on the available bandwidth. IoT entails that everything in the world can eventu-ally act as an end node and can transmit and receive data and information. This concept encourages an unprec-edented growth in the data access points that interact with the Cloud networks and hence the issues of latency (especially when dealing with critical real-time data) become more evident. Cisco’s Flavio Bonomi came up with the idea of an extension to Cloud computing to cope up with the challenges presented by latency sensitive data. He named his proposed paradigm “Fog computing”. Cloud computing has become one of the essential needs of people over the Internet but with the emerging concept of Internet of Things (IoT), traditional cloud computing seems inadequate. IoT entails extremely low latency and for that matter the transmission of data to the cloud servers which are distant and unknown to the user will be time consuming and inconvenient. With the help of fog computing, fog devices would be installed closer to the user which will provide an immediate storage for the data which will be desired frequently. Moreover, with the increase in the number of communication nodes and because of the fog devices being installed adjacent to the user, security risks also surge. In this research, we will attempt to establish that fog computing is an efficient and secure extension to cloud computing. Along with the proper understanding of the phenomenon of Fog Computing, possible security threats to this emerging technology and their possible solutions will also be deliberated in this research. Our main contribution would be the use of two security techniques namely Asymmetric Encryption and Certificate Authority together in order to ensure security in Fog computing especially as a remedy against man in the middle attacks.

138

Name: Dr. Aftab Khan

Work place: University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan



Paper title: An Application of Adaptive Inference Systems in Securing Internet Of Things

Paper abstract:

Recent breakthroughs in Artificial intelligence (AI) have swept across various domains particularly in the domain of computer science. Hybrid AI techniques, such as Neuro fuzzy, Genetic fuzzy and Rough fuzzy offer utmost sophistication in system designing. Security models based on these techniques are malleable and adapt-able in context and therefore are apposite for Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we use a hybrid AI technique to evaluate trust which is an intrinsic factor in determining privacy access control. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of adaptive mechanism for trust evaluation in privacy access control model. The dimensions upon which trust depends includes: the role of the subject, the reviews about subject and the severity of the access request. Our proposed model is thus capable of dynamically adjusting membership function parameters and inference rules. We simulate our trust based model using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference tools in Matlab. The comparative analysis show that privacy enhanced access control model based on hybrid AI technique afford more accuracy, flexibility and adaptability.

139

Name: Eng. ALI AKRAMI AMER

Work place: STC

Job title: Advisor


Paper title: The Need for Cybersecurity Strategy to protect Enterprise Business growth in Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rapidly developing and diversifying its economy as part of the 2030 Vision by implementing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in all sectors. However, with the wide-spread use of technology, the risk of cyber threats from hackers, insiders, and foreign organizations has reached new heights. Enhancing the nation’s cybersecurity infrastructure to combat these threats, develop standards, share critical information, and educate stakeholders has become a key priority for the Saudi government. Glob-ally, Cyber security has become an essential requirement in the digital era as the world has become more con-nected with the spread use of smart technologies while stressing the importance of developing strategies that maximize the benefits of technology and ensure the nation’s readiness to face challenges that may bring. Cyber security is recognized as an enabler not only to improve existing ways of doing business, but as a critical new industry that can drive the Kingdom’s future prosperity. The challenge of many governments is to build a flour-ishing digital society that is both resilient to cyber threats, and equipped with the knowledge, and capabilities required to maximize opportunities, and manage risks. For the kingdom to be globally competitive, cyber secu-rity must underpin the data driven transition of every sector in the economy. Enterprises are dealing with attacks daily and they must be prepared to deal with adversaries that are evolving and motivated to achieve their goal. In order to address the threat landscape, enterprises must have continued focus on cybersecurity risk so they can achieve resilience when an incident does occur. The recent unprecedented WannaCry ransomware attack that affected organizations in over 150 countries highlights the exploding threat landscape that we face today. Virtually every business competing in today’s dynamic market environment regardless of size, sector, or past success is on a transformation journey. Customer behaviors and expectations, and a multitude of technologies are forcing senior executives to re-think their organizations’ traditional business and operating models. Execu-tives are acutely aware that their information is under constant attack as cyber threats become more pervasive, persistent, and sophisticated. In this paper, I will explore how Cybersecurity incidents are continuing to escalate in frequency and impact to enterprises, (including the Small Medium Enterprises- SMEs), and how to build a strategy to mitigate the risk and avoid the resulting enterprise impact such as loss of customer confidence, fi-nancial loss and, in some situations, the inability of an enterprise to recover and eventual shut down. Also, I will review the Cybersecurity insurance and how to benefit from it as tool to mitigate losses from a variety of cyber incidents, including data breaches, business interruption, and network damage. The cybersecurity insurance market trend concludes my paper, in addition to giving recommendations to help aligning with the cyber security market changes. This paper aims to contribute in improving the Saudi cybersecurity capabilities in the public and private sectors, which is clearly necessary for the Digital transformation that the kingdom is witnessing .

140

Name: Eng. Waleed Ghazi Alanazi

Work place: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology - KAUST

Job title: Senior IT Engineer


Paper title: Cloud Computing Environment’s Potential Security and Privacy Issues

Paper abstract:

Recently, the emergence of a new delivery model of Information Technology (IT) known as Cloud Com-puting has got the attention of IT users worldwide. This new model has many advantages in regards to cost saving such as operational cost, and better utilization of IT employees. Moreover, one of the key advantages is to provide access to data from anywhere at any time. Thus, many organizations have moved to cloud comput-ing, others have started planning to do so. The cloud computing emphasizes some old ideas of constructing extremely scalable Internet architectures and presents some new ideas that completely change the way ap-plications are built and deployed. The new model seems to be more feasible for many organization due to the benefits it offers. The cloud computing is a new means of delivering services via the utilization of the Internet. Additionally, the cloud computing architecture will be incorporated in cloud platforms as a framework, process, templates, roadmap to reduce the business, legal, and technical load. Throughout this paper, the main goal is to provide a comprehensive review of existing security and privacy issues in cloud environments. This paper mainly focuses on the attributes of CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) triad. Starting with the CIA triad, we present the relationships among them and the vulnerabilities that may be exploited by attackers. In this paper, the challenges and security issues in cloud computing are investigated from the CIA triad perspective. Following by a comprehensive review of the current policy and procedure that govern the cloud computing and outsourc-ing in Saudi Arabia. Some recommended strategies to mitigate these challenges are also proposed along with future research areas.

141

Third Day

142

Green building

143

Name: Dr.Saleh Hamel Ahmed Al Salem

Work place: Najran university



Paper title: Challenges and Opportunities Encountering the Application of Sustainability Development in Our Downtown Area: Case Study Approach

Paper abstract:

Challenges and Opportunities Encountering the Application of Sustainability Development in Our Down-town Area: Case Study Approach Dr. Saleh H Al-Salem Teamwork: Salem Hamad1; Nasser Abdullah 2; Hassan Ali 3. Abdulrahman Mihmas4 Humaidan Hadi 5 Mohammed Aryan 6 Najran University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department. Sustainability and Green Building Research Unit ABSTRACT The traditional de-velopment of built environment is no longer preferable. The overall growth in population and economy have put tremendous pressure on natural resources. This, in turn, has great threats to our ecosystem. The climate change and global warming are clear signs of these threats. Therefore, in the early 1970s, the principles of sustainable development have been emerged to remedy this problem. Over this period, Saudi Arabia was experiencing dra-matic development in all sectors, but the principles of sustainability were, to a large degree, overlooked. Howev-er, there is an ambitious and recent vision 2030 for Saudi Arabia. This vision will definitely make a great change in terms of developing our built environment. Hence, it is very imperative to identify current and potential chal-lenges and opportunities that might encounter this striving development. The used research method is a case study based on a downtown area. The selected downtown district is Abu Alsaud (ALBALD) in Najran province. The reason of selecting this area is because that this area share the same environmental and social aspects with many ALBALD areas across Saudi Arabia. To conduct this study effectively, a checklist of sustainable criteria have been adapted from a well-known system (LEED). The objective of designing this checklist is to enable the investigators to work within a clear context. It has been found that a poor water and sanitation infrastructure alongside with lack of adequate area for transportation system are making the situation more complex. Further, lack of public awareness of sustainability development even makes the situation harder to handle. However, we can consider the high density of population is a good point, which will connect community and develop the den-sity. This, in turn, will reduce the use of energy that consumes by transportation. Aspects that are more positive will be discussed in details in this paper. Eventually, the outcomes of this study will help decision maker to detect the challenge and find out the potential opportunity. Keywords: Sustainability Development, downtown district, Green Infrastructure.

144

Name: Eng. Ahmad Ibrahim Mohmmad Alkanani

Work place: Teesside University

Job title: PhD student


Paper title: Principles of Integration in Green Building: The challenges and opportunities for green building in construction in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

‘Green Buildings’ play an important role to increase the implementation of sustainable strategies in the construction industry. The adoption and implementation of green buildings has become one of the most im-portant elements in green construction. Green buildings can be defined as a foundation of sustainable devel-opment and has being highlighted under the A sustainable1- economy for the Saudi Vision 2030. Some of the opportunities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the development of green buildings and the implementation of sustainable sources applied in buildings can be traced to awareness among people and innovation in the Saudi construction industry. The many advantages of green buildings consist of benefits for the economy, en-hanced energy performance, a green building development government organization and a positive outdoor environment that will assist particularly in developing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards a much improved and developed self-sufficient country. The challenges to the implementation of green buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are barriers that block the green building movement which include the lack of consideration of sustainability measures in the Saudi construction industry, economic cost effectiveness, lack of government support and market supply chains of innovative building technologies and materials. This research objective is to identify the challenges and opportunities towards green buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as to identify important elements for green buildings and sustainable development, then as a consequence to identify and propose possible solutions to the problems related to green buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Ara-bia. The findings shall assist in understanding the challenges and opportunities for green building construction and sustainable development in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Green Building, Sustainability, Sustainable Construction, challenges and opportunities, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

145

Name: Prof. Mauro Nicoletti

Work place: Venice

Job title: professor


Paper title: GREEN SCHOOLS: A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FOR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUTURE

Paper abstract:

The majority of building up projects are based on the need of both cost and production. This econom-ic industrial policy has characterized the construction industry model during last century until nowadays; this emerged in Europe to the East and up to China. This model has significantly developed the concrete and steel industry, passing through and strongly deepening one of the greatest paradigms of the new century, which is the “environmental sustainability”. Accordingly, the Green Buildings are the basis for a new economic strategy with several advantages such as environmental protection; economic savings (energy savings) and increase the commercial value (energy efficiency, comfort). For this purpose, a new “Green School” project will be im-plemented in Avezzano a city in the center of Italy for the desire to design a building that has not been an object of architectural speculation, but rather a work that knows how to harmoniously combine function and form. Therefore, this project aims to provide transparency, sustainability, environmental comfort, sociability, balance, and durability. The project will use ecofriendly, sustainable and decomposable materials and building elements that can be easily extracted, reused, recycled and disposed of in order to reduce on environmental impacts in the structure and the interior fittings. The methods that will be used for the assessment and technology design of this project are the Building Information Modeling (BIM) design and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-based models. Moreover, an acoustic analysis for every room will be conducted in addition to the analysis of all materials used in the design to ensure sustainability. The energy consumption for this project is estimated around 25kWh /sqm using passive solar system, natural lighting systems, and wood materials.

146

االسم : د. محمد فتحى محمد عارف

جهة العمل : المركز القومى لبحوث اإلسكان والبناء بالقاهرة

المسمى الوظيفي : أستاذ التخطيط العمرانى والحضرى

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : المؤشرات الحضرية وتأثيرها على استدامة التنمية العمرانية بمكة المكرمة


ــة ــة العاصم ــذ عــام 2009 مــن خــال أمان ــة من ــة المكرم ــي إنشــاء وتشــغيل المرصــد الحضــري لمك ــدء ف والبــم ــي عــام 1431هـــ ، ث ــل المرصــد الوطن ــد مــن المراصــد مث ــام المملكــة بإنشــاء العدي ــى غــرار قي المقدســة، وهــذا علــة ــتوى المنطق ــى مس ــد أول مرصــد حضــري عل ــذى يع ــام 1423، وال ــورة ع ــة المن ــاء المرصــد الحضــري للمدين إنشــم المتحــدة للمســتوطنات البشــرية ــق برنامــج االم ــا أطل ــال، كم ــادرة األطف ــة لمب ــة مؤشــرات كامل ــة يصــدر حزم العربيــم ــة«، ث ــل للمراصــد الحضري ــورة والموئ ــة المن ــزة المدين ــة باســم »جائ ــي المراصــد الحضري ــز ف ــل للتمي ــزة الموئ جائــة والتــي ــة المحلي ــدء فــي إنشــاء المراصــد الحضري ــم الب ــم ت أنشــئ المرصــد الحضــري لمحافظــة جــدة عــام 2006م، ثكان منهــا المرصــد الحضــري لمكــة المكرمــة، كأحــد المراحــل التنفيذيــة إلنشــاء المراصــد الحضريــة المحليــة لمختلــف مناطــق ومــدن المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية أخــذا بمقــررات وتوصيــات األمــم المتحــدة فيمــا يتعلــق بتنميــة المســتوطنات البشــرية والخاصــة بضــرورة قيــام الــدول بمتابعــة وتقييــم أدائهــا العمرانــي. تهــدف الورقــة إلــى عــرض تجربــة إنشــاء ــث ــة البح ــاول فرضي ــا، وتتن ــتدامة له ــة المس ــى التنمي ــره عل ــة وتأثي ــة المكرم ــة مك ــغيل المرصــد الحضــري لمدين وتشقيــاس ومتابعــة البيئــة العمرانيــة لمدينــة مكــة المكرمــة باســتخدام مؤشــرات المرصــد الحضــري يــؤدي إلــي اتــزان أبعــاد ــد ــع تزاي ــة المســتدامة، خاصــة م ــق أهــداف التنمي ــي تحقي ــة وبالتال ــة والعمراني ــة والبيئي ــة واالجتماعي ــة االقتصادي التنميالضغــوط المتنوعــة علــى مدينــة مكــة المكرمــة كنتيجــة طبيعيــة لتزايــد ســكان المدينــة وزوارهــا بشــكل مســتمر . اهتمــت هــذه الورقــة بإبــراز تجربــة المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية فــي إعــداد وتشــغيل المرصــد الحضــري لمدينــة مكــة المكرمــة، ــى إنشــاء وتشــغيل المرصــد الحضــري للحــج خــال موســم ــدة منهــا إل ــة والخبــرات المتول واســتهدفت نقــل هــذه التجربالحــج كمرصــد مســتقل لدعــم وتطويــر مســتوى الخدمــات المقدمــة لضيــوف الرحمــن واألخــذ بالمســتجدات والمبــادرات واالتفاقــات الدوليــة علــى تعــداد الحجيــج مــن كل دولــة. ممــا يتيــح رؤيــة أكبــر لصنــاع السياســات ومتخــذي القــرار التخــاذ القــرارات والسياســات المائمــة للتعامــل مــع القضايــا الحضريــة بأبعادهــا المختلفــة علــى المســتويين المحلــي والوطنــي، وبالتالــي مواجهــة تحديــات التنميــة العمرانيــة المســتدامة ومحاولــة إدارة العمــران بكفــاءة وفعاليــة. ويتضمــن البحــث تحليــل ــة المســتدامة ــة العمراني ــة التنمي ــان ومتابع ــي بي ــا ف ــة مكــة المكرمــة وأهميته وفهــم مؤشــرات المرصــد الحضــري لمدينلمكــة المكرمــة ورصــد مــدى تحقيــق األهــداف المنشــودة إلدارة التنميــة العمرانيــة المســتدامة والوصــول لقيــاس التنميــة مــن خــال اقتــراح مجموعــة مــن المؤشــرات الحضريــة وتحديــد أدوارهــا المختلفــة فــي مراحــل التنميــة. أوال: لتحقيــق التنميــة االقتصاديــة االجتماعيــة ثانيــا: لتحقيــق التكامــل مــع المراصــد العالميــة والوطنيــة ثالثــا: لتحقيــق التنميــة العمرانيــة المســتدامة أســفرت تجربــة المملكــة فــي إنشــاء المراصــد الحضريــة عــن انجــازات كثيــرة لعــل أهمهــا مــا يلــي: 1. إعــداد إطــار للمؤشــرات الحضريــة التــي تعبــر عــن تفــرد وخصوصيــة الحــج والعمــرة بشــكل خــاص وخصوصيــة مدينــة مكــة المكرمــة باإلضافــة إلــى المرجعيــات الدوليــة واالقليميــة الخاصــة بسياســات التنميــة المســتدامة وجــودة الحيــاة. 2. عــدم تنــاول المرصــد الحضــري للحــج لبعــض المحــاور الرئيســية التــي تتضمــن العديــد مــن المؤشــرات الحضريــة المتعلقــة بجــودة الحيــاة مثــل )محــور شــبكة البنيــة األساســية، محــور الصحــة العامــة، محــور اإلدارة الرشــيدة للمــوارد الطبيعيــة( 3. عــدم تنــاول المحــاور الرئيســية للمؤشــرات للعديــد مــن المؤشــرات الحضريــة األخــرى المتعلقــة بجــودة الحيــاة مثــل ــات ــنين وذوى االحتجاج ــة للمس ــات خاص ــم خدم ــك، تقدي ــول للمناس ــهولة الوص ــج، س ــك الح ــي أداء مناس ــة ف )الرفاهيالخاصــة، النشــاط والحيويــة البدنيــة،.....(. وتنتهــي الورقــة البحثيــة بمجموعــة مــن التوصيــات المقترحــة إلنجــاح تجربــة المملكــة فــي إنشــاء وتشــغيل المرصــد الحضــري لمكــة المكرمــة لاســتفادة منهــا فــي قيــاس وكيفيــة إدارة التنميــة المســتدامة

بمختلــف صورهــا وأنشــتطها.

147

Name: Eng. Ali Mohamed Mustafa


Job title: Senior Energy Engineer


Paper title: Utilizing Energy KPIs for Better Energy Performance

Paper abstract:

Today’s increasing energy demand, rising fuel prices, and environmental stewardship are major factors, which motivate and lead governments, corporations, industrial sectors, and residential customers to conserve energy across the globe. Locally, the national energy demand is anticipated to continue rising in three sectors; industry, transportation, and buildings. Saudi Aramco, as a major energy producer and user, is leading Saudi Ara-bia in energy conservation efforts. Since the inception of the company’s Energy Management Program in 2000, and the issuance of the Corporate’s Energy Performance Improvement Policy (POLICY: INT-10), Saudi Aramco set aggressive, yet achievable, energy conservation targets across all its organizations. The program is overseen and guided by an Energy Management Steering Committee. To achieve such aggressive targets, the company developed Energy Intensity KPIs for all of its operating Departments, with the objective of tracking and monitor-ing energy efficiency performance of each organization. This effort led to an average savings of 209 MBDoe and CO2 emission reductions by 23,706 KTons since 2000. In this presentation, the audience will learn about Saudi Aramco’s success story of developing and deploying effective Energy Intensity KPIs. The general methodology of how to formulate effective Energy Intensity KPIs at different levels will be discussed, along with future plans of replacing existing manual data collection methods with a fully automated Energy Intensity KPI dashboard.

148

Name: Eng. Mohammad Abdullah Hussien Mahmoud




Paper title: Nonindustrial Buildings Energy Audit and Next Steps

Paper abstract:

The main objective from the energy audit in nonindustrial (residential or nonresidential) buildings is to identify existing system’s deficiencies and propose viable, cost effective solutions known as ECM’s “Energy Conservation Measures” to improve the energy efficiency without compromising occupants comfort level. In the nonresidential buildings (e.g. offices, hospitals, governmental facilities, shopping malls ...etc.); ASHRAE “Ameri-can Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineers” have proposed three levels of energy audits (LEVEL “I”: basic or walking through audit with brief investigation of the facility and identification of potential ECM’s, LEVEL “II”: more detailed energy audit, it looks at all base building systems and examines its energy use, this level is sufficient for most buildings/measures and LEVEL “III” most detailed audit, it will provide a granular analysis of energy inputs and outputs in the facility. Similarly, the major reference for energy audits in residential buildings (e.g. houses, three stories apartment buildings and below) is RESNET “Residential Energy Service Network”, this reference provides certain requirements when conducting residential energy audits. The final product from the audit is the energy audit report which describes existing condition of the building and provide a list of ECM’s to improve the energy efficiency based on building’s actual needs. Energy Audit, Next Steps: In the nonresidential buildings the recommended ECM’s can be implemented directly by the building owner using his own resources or by signing an EPC “Energy Performance Contract” with ESCO “Energy Service Company”. The (ESCO) brings its technical know-how to provide a comprehensive bundle of energy, water operational efficien-cy and renewable/ distributed energy generation measures. The ESCO assumes performance risk for project in the form of a long-term contractual guarantee to ensure volumetric energy savings are realized and maintained over time; The energy and cost savings produced by the project need to be sufficient to cover all project costs (including financing, if any) in a defined payback period. Unlike the nonresidential buildings the EPC is not appli-cable in the residential buildings, the ECM’s can be implemented directly by the home owner.

149

االسم : المهندس/ عمرو احمد محمد زينه& ابراهيم بن احمد الضبيب

جهة العمل : المركز المتطور الستشارات الهندسة المدنية

المسمى الوظيفي : مدير ادارة المشاريع األهلية

[email protected] : البريد االلكترونياسم ورقة العمل : تأثير العالقات الفراغية على خفض معدل استهالك الطاقة


تميــزت المــدن القديمــة بانخفــاض معــدل اســتهاك الفــرد للطاقــة، بســبب المعالجــات المعماريــة المســتخدمة ومــواد البنــاء العازلــة للحــرارة والنســيج العمرانــي المتضام......الــخ. ومــع تطــور المــدن فــي العصــر الحديــث واســاليب االنشــاء، فــإن العاقــات بيــن العناصــر التــي تشــكل اســتهاك الطاقــة فــي البيئــة العمرانيــة اصبــح اكثــر تعقيــدا، حيــث اصبحــت خصائــص المدينــة اليــوم أكثــر كثافــة ســواء البنائيــة او الســكانية ومبانــي اكثــر ارتفاعــا عــن المــدن التقليديــة، ممــا يعكــس معــدل اســتهاك الطاقــة الكبيــر فــي المناطــق الحضريــة. وتنتــج الطاقــة مــن مصــادر متعــددة منهــا النظيــف ومنهــا المضــر بالبيئــة مثــل البتــرول والفحــم ومــا ينتــج عنــه مــن غــازات ضــارة بالبيئــة ومــن اهــم اضرارهــا ظاهــرة االحتبــاس الحــراري العالمــي ومــا يصاحبــه مــن زيــادة درجــة حــرارة كوكــب االرض وانهيــار الجبــال الجليديــة بالقطــب الشــمالي والجنوبــي، ممــا يــؤدى الــى زيــادة منســوب البحــار والمحيطــات وغــرق كثيــر مــن البلــدان. لــذا تنامــي معرفــة االنســان وإدراكــه لنشــاطاته مــن تأثيــر ســلبي فــي البيئــة هــو الــذي عــزز طــرح موضــوع حمايــة البيئــة فــي اإلطــار السياســي واالقتصــادي واالجتماعــي، وانعكــس هــذا االهتمــام العالمــي المتزايــد لحمايــة البيئــة بانعقــاد ــن ــوازن واالنســجام بي ــوع مــن الت ــه، بإيجــاد ن ــب مــن خــال توصيات ــذي طال مؤتمــر ســتوكهولم حــول البشــرية عــام1972 والمتطلبــات البيئــة ومتطلبــات التنميــة االجتماعيــة واالقتصاديــة. المشــكلة البحثيــة: علــى الرغــم مــن وجــود تطبيقــات عديــده تهــدف الــى تحقيــق التنميــة المســتدامة للمــدن اال انــه ال توجــد ســوى بحــوث قليلــة أو معدومــة تناولــت ربــط معــدل اســتهاك الفــرد للطاقــة ــة. ــة العمراني ــة فــي تحقيــق االســتدامة داخــل البيئ ــه مــن اهمي بالمؤشــرات المرتبطــة بالكثافــة العمرانيــة بشــمولية واضحــة لمــا لالهــدف مــن البحــث: تهــدف الورقــة البحثيــة الــى بنــاء نمــوذج رياضــي لربــط معــدل اســتهاك الفــرد للطاقــة بالمؤشــرات المرتبطــة بالكثافــة العمرانيــة، بهــدف ترشــيد معــدل اســتهاك الطاقــة وبالتالــي تقليــل انبعــاث الغــازات الضــارة للبيئــة وخاصــة غــاز ثانــي اكســيد الكربــون )CO2(، لتحقيــق بيئــة عمرانيــة مســتدامة خاليــة مــن التلــوث والمســاعدة فــي حــل مشــكلة االحتبــاس الحــراري العالمــي. منهجيــة البحــث: ولتحقيــق هــذا الهــدف اتبــع البحــث المنهــاج االســتنباطي لدراســة البيئــة العمرانيــة فــي االبعــاد الثاثيــة مــن خــال الكثافــة العمرانيــة والمؤشــرات العمرانيــة المرتبطــة بهــا ومــدى تأثيرهــا علــى معــدل اســتهاك الفــرد للطاقــة. وانتقــل ــة ــة العمراني ــرات )parameters( المرتبطــة بالكثاف ــى المتغي ــا معتمــدا عل ــاء نموذجــا رياضي ــي ببن ــى المنهــاج التطبيق البحــث الواضافــة لهــا متغيــرات جديــدة مثــل عــدد طوابــق المبانــي االمثــل والعمــر التصميمــي لهــا الســتخاص قيــم ارشــادية للمؤشــرات العمرانيــة تســاعد المصمــم العمرانــي علــى ترشــيد اســتهاك الطاقــة داخــل البيئــة العمرانيــة ســواء الجديــدة او القائمــة. الكلمــات ــة العمرانيــة المســتدامة - الكثافــة العمرانيــة- المؤشــرات العمرانيــة- الطاقــة المســتهلكة وانواعهــا. الخاصــة: • ــة: التنمي المفتاحيحيــث انــه مــن خــال دراســة البيئــة العمرانيــة تــم ايجــاد مؤشــرات مرتبطــة ارتباطــا وثيقــا بالكثافــة العمرانيــة تؤثــر علــى معــدل اســتهاك الفــرد للطاقــة، ومنهــا نصيــب الفــرد مــن المســاحات المبنيــة)FAPC( وعــدد الســكان ولكــن اهمهــا تأثيــرا ارتفــاع المبنــي والعمــر التصميمــي لــه، حيــث انــه اذا تــم دراســة هــذه المؤشــرات جيــدا واختيــار القيمــة االمثــل التــي تناســب طبيعــة البيئــة العمرانية المدروســة فانــه يعمــل علــى الحــد مــن الطاقــة المســتهلكة ســنويا، وبالتالــي خفــض معــدل الغــازات الضــارة المنبعثــة واهمهــا غــاز ــى عــدد الســكان ــة اعتمــادا عل ــاس الحــراري. • وتشــير النتائــج االولي ثانــي اكســيد الكربــون )CO2( والحــد مــن ظاهــرة االحتبــوع ــاة ن ــع مراع ــق م ــن 7-27 طاب ــا بي ــراوح م ــي يت ــل للمبان ــق االمث ــدد الطواب ــان ع ــي ب ــي للمبان ــر التصميم ــتهدف والعم المسالمنــاخ الــذي يؤثــر تأثيــرا كبيــرا علــى معــدل اســتهاك الطاقــة. • تــم بنــاء نمــوذج رياضيــا الســتخاص مجموعــة مــن العاقــات الفراغيــة تربــط بيــن عــدد طوابــق المبنــي االمثــل والعمــر التصميمــي لــه وعاقتهــا بالمؤشــرات العمرانيــة األخــرى مثــل نســبة البنــاء والكثافــة البنائيــة وعــدد الســكان....وتم الوصــول لقيــم ارشــادية لتلــك المؤشــرات تســاعد المصمــم العمرانــي علــى ايجــاد بيئــة

عمرانيــة مســتدامة .

150

Name: Dr. Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud abd elrazik& Rasha Mohamed Abdelaal Selim

Work place: Housing and Building National Research Center

Job title: Building physics Institute (BPI)- Researcher


Paper title: Application of building energy code for commercial building (case study: club house building in new Cairo)

Paper abstract:

Building energy represents one of the main sectors that require sustainability in different countries all over the world. Thereby for the importance of this sector different research programs have been held to evaluate energy performance in commercial, residential and governmental buildings for the aim of establishing scientific solutions for efficient use of energy. Furthermore, most of the countries have established building energy code to enhance energy efficiency in different building sectors and minimize harmful emissions. In this paper one of the commercial buildings is used (club house in one of the compounds of New Cairo) to apply building enve-lope requirements that is required by the Egyptian code for energy efficiency in buildings. The Design Builder Simulation program was used as a tool to assess the energy performance via drawing the building model in the program and specifying the weather data input files furthermore specifying the physical and thermal properties (walls- fenestrations- roofs), specifying the air condition and its schedule of the club house under different vari-ables and calculation of the energy efficiency for each applied treatment to the case study. The application of Egyptian energy code and more for the case study has enhanced the energy consumption for the building by 36% Keyword building- energy code-saving energy – design builder –simulation .

151

Name: Eng. Ahmed Khoja

Work place: Munich University of Applied Sciences

Job title: Research associate/ Lecturer


Paper title: Exploring the Applications of Asphalt Solar Collectors in Residential Urban setting: The Case of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

Asphalt solar collector (ASC) is a novel technology that is used to capture the solar energy from paved roads for low to medium temperature solar thermal applications. Asphalt Solar Collectors (ASC), is a compar-atively ‘young’ technology that has started to capture the interest of researches in the past few years for two reasons: 1. the thermal properties of asphalt, and 2. the abundance of the asphalt infrastructure in modern cities as some 35 to 60% of a modern city is already paved with asphalt and it is resurfaced in average every 12 to 20 years. Therefore, asphalt solar collectors can be relatively easily integrated in the current infrastructure systems. Moreover, capturing this excess energy can help improve the life span of the paved road by reducing the asphalt rutting and allow utilizing the captured energy in a meaningful manner. Also, filed tests on similar systems have showed that a well-designed ASC system have no negative impact on the paved road structural performance . To date, the research on the application of asphalt solar collector has been focused on the applications of the asphalt solar collectors (ASC) technology under cold to moderate climate conditions, which in return con-strained its use to road de-icing and heat pumps application, both requiring large and expensive Intercessional heat storages. In this presentation, the potential applications of an ASC working under the hot humid climate conditions of the city of Jeddah will be explored by evaluating the performance of a simulated 20m² ASC meet-ing the demand of three low to medium temperature solar thermal applications, namely: solar assisted cooling, atmospheric water generation and domestic hot water.

152

Name: Dr. Ayman Ahmed Hassan Elbeda

Work place: KSA

Job title: Head of Architecture / Senior Design Manager


Paper title: Design Innovation and Sustainable Building Envelope

Paper abstract:

Abstract. The building envelope is a very important element of the building, it is working like the human skin protecting the building from environment changes and giving it the fine urban look to reflect its function. The building envelope is also reflecting the building character over the expected building life time. Due to the climatic change worldwide and due to that the building envelope is one of the parameters in the building sus-tainability equation, the trend of designing sustainable building envelope arise and the innovation in that became part of the unique look of the building. In addition to that building envelope can be part of the building energy generation equation by being responsive to the environment condition around. The dilemma here is how to combine between the required fine urban look and the sustainable technological goals of the building envelope. The appearance of new buildings material added a strong parameter to this equation. Scope: This paper scope shall be concentrating on the sustainable building envelope design concepts and techniques showing the latest innovation in that direction. Research objectives: The main objective is to pin out the latest sustainable building envelope design concepts and techniques that achieves the sustainability of building envelope and affects the building sustainable equation. Research importance: The importance of this paper arise now and specially in our region which is facing serious sustainability and energy challenges, in addition to the future urban growth put-ting in our consideration that building industry has big share in energy and recourses consumption. Keywords: Building Envelope, Sustainability, Green Architecture, Green Building, Bio Facade and Kinetic Facade.

153

Name: Dr. Ahwed Ibrahim AL Bat’hi

Work place: Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU)

Job title: Lecturer


Paper title: APPROPRIATE OPENINGS DESIGN FOR SPIRITUAL SPACES IN SAUDI ARABIA

Paper abstract:

One of sustainable design strategies is the utilization of daylighting due to its potential in saving energy. Appropriate daylighting in spiritual spaces has a positive influence on the performance, comfort and well-being of the users. Moreover, lighting plays a symbolic role in the sacred, faithful, cosmologic beliefs, and the overall spiritual and mystical balance. This paper presents a case study based on a mosque as a spiritual space that is regarded as a fundamental heritage element in Islamic architecture. The prediction of the daylight performance in the mosque is investigated in relation to how to better capitalize the daylight sources (openings) for visual comfort, in addition to spiritual preferences. The literature review indicates the importance of daylighting and design of openings and addresses the religious dimensions that should be considered. A field study was carried out in a typical neighborhood mosque in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia to evaluate the current situation of the daylighting in terms of the quantity (IL luminance level) and quality of light (uniformity & discomfort glare) as well as the spirituality aspect. The evaluation was based on both the mathematical data of the actual mea-surements and the subjective responses of users regarding daylight conditions and their preferences of spiritual status. Results from the actual measurements, the survey and the interview with the Imam were discussed and compared with the recommendations of lighting design in the mosque. Findings show that the mosque required improvement of the existing lighting condition in terms of both the quality and the quantity of light. Therefore, simulation studies of the same mosque were carried out to suggest an appropriate opening design that can provide sufficient daylight levels without visual discomfort, and has an acceptable distribution of the light across the task area. Simulated modifications also considered the users’ preferences in relation to the spirituality. The results suggest that openings should be located above eye levels (at 1.75 m) with WWR of 40 % to reach the recommended illumination levels and uniformity without visual discomfort including glare.

154

Name: Eng. Naif Olayan Saad Alharbi

Work place: Riyadh

Job title: Police Officer


Paper title: An Investigation into Solar Double Skin Facades for High Rise Buildings

Paper abstract:

The façade is the external envelope of a building. Not only does the façade construct the architectural aesthetics of the building, but it is also of great importance due to its impact on energy performance and interior function. Therefore, the development of innovative façade technology continues to be one of the most active research areas for the built environment. In this work, the authors present an investigation into the optimal ap-plication of a solar double skin façade (SDSF) for high-rise buildings, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches. First, the work reviewed state-of-the-art research, technologies and applications for solar double skin façades. Based on the review, the authors then proposed some new and innovative forms of solar double skin facades which are particularly applicable to high-rise buildings. In order to quantitatively assess the per-formance of the proposed solar double skin facades, a set of CFD models were developed. These models are involved in turbulence modelling with large eddy simulation, heat transfer and mass transfer. Various validations of the CFD models show that the models are able to produce precise results. Ultimately, the CFD models were applied to estimate and investigate the performance of the proposed SDSFs and produced the optimal applica-tion of solar double skin façades for high-rise buildings. Key Words: Double skin façade; solar energy, high rise building; heat transfer; mass transfer;

155

Name: Eng. Yasser Yahya Hussain Moaafa

Work place: Saudi Aramco - Saudi Arabia

Job title: Mechanical Engineer


Paper title: A sustainable Economy Green Buildings for the Saudi Vision 2030

Paper abstract:

Abstract Buildings are responsible for over 40% of energy use and one-third of greenhouse gas emis-sions (GHG) in both developed and developing countries. Without intervention, energy use and emissions from the building sector are expected to double by 2050 due to the growth in new construction and inefficiencies in existing building stock. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 focuses on a wide range of key issues, including improving the built environment sustainability strategy by enhancing efficiency in energy use and deploying renewables in the power sector. Energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, materials and resources, land use, ecology, and water conservation are the key principles of green building. The building sector has extensive potential for delivering long-term, significant, and cost-effective reduction in greenhouse gas emissions through energy effi-ciency, water conservation, and an increased recycling rate. This can be achieved by environmental data collec-tion methods based on ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards. This paper focuses on a methodical assessment of the actual environmental impact of operating buildings based on sustainable criteria standards by identifying the required building data and calculating energy, carbon, water, and waste for the area. Following this, the whole building area is calculated. Finally, actions to reduce energy/water consumption and carbon intensity, as well as to increase the recycling rate, are suggested.

156

االسم : المهندس/ احمد ناصر محمد العتيبي جهة العمل : الرياض

المسمى الوظيفي : رئيس قسم هندسي[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : فرص استثمار العقارات الخضراء في السوق السعودي


ورقــة البحــث هــذه، حــول موضــوع الطلــب علــى العقــارات الخضــراء فــي المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية وحجــم ــن ــع م ــدم مرب ــون ق ــة 31 ملي ــي الســعودية قراب ــد ف ــث يوج ــارات الخضــراء. حي ــن العق ــاري الســعودي م الســوق العقالعقــارات المعتمــدة بإحــدى األنظمــة البيئيــة العالميــة )LEED, GREEN STAR, BUILDING GREEN(. تســتطلع الدراســة مفهــوم العقــارات الخضــراء ونشــأتها، وبعــض األنظمــة المســتخدمة عالميــا فــي تقييــم المبانــي الخضــراء. كمــا تطرقــت الــى بعــض الفوائــد والمزايــا فــي اســتخدام تقنيــة العقــارات الخضــراء، والعائــد المــادي للمالــك والمســتأجر مــن هــذه العقــارات. وقــد أشــرنا فــي الدراســة الــى حجــم االقبــال العالمــي والدعــوة العالميــة لاعتمــاد تقنيــة المبانــي الخضــراء، ومــا يدعــم ذلــك مــن اتفاقــات ومعاهــدات دوليــة. بعــد اســتعراض حجــم الطلــب الحالــي فــي الســعودية جــرى تقديــر أن حجــم الطلــب علــى العقــارات الخضــراء فــي الســعودية ســيتضاعف خــال أعــوام بســيطة. فــي الختــام تدعــو الدراســة الــى بــذل مزيــد مــن الجهــود فــي تشــجيع هــذه الممارســات فــي الســعودية، مــع ايجــاد نظــام تقييــم عقــاري بيئــي موحــد لــدول

الخليــج.

157

Name: Dr. AHMED ABDULROHMAN KHALID ALROWAISHED

Work place: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND SOLAR ENERGY

Job title: ENERGY CONSULTANT


Paper title: TOWARD NEW INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES IN SAUDI ARABIA

Paper abstract:

The application of Ultra Fiber Thermo Tech System for construction system of new houses was im-plemented in 2013 to provide a showcase of green and sustainable houses in AL khobar, Saudi Arabia in the Eastern part of Saudi Arabia. This city is located in maritime climatic zone. The climate of this city very hot and very humid. The application of this new innovative construction system which is called Utra Fiber Thero Tech system achieved three goals of measures in the houses, as green and sustainable houses, energy saving and conservation, and low cost with durable of construction methods. These construction methods were modelled to highlight opportunities for low and high income segments of the residential building market in Saudi Arabia. This paper provides a post construction evaluation of the actual construction techniques performance of the building and the real costs and benefits. The Green and sustainability concept of Ultr fiber Thero Techniques system of the building is reviewed, as well as the construction process of this new innovative system. The life cycle costing of the systems is reviewed and enhancing measures for low and high income segments of the res-idential building market in Saudi Arabia. The findings show that new innovative construction system choices do improve the quality of the houses and the reduction cost of construction up to 50 % with additional live cycle and the energy performance. This is derived from the actual comparison between conventional and new innovative construction system in comparison with base case simulation. At the same time, the monitoring also showed application of innovative construction System with solar Air condition and passive design measures for energy performance were effective. This paper reflects on the experience and lessons learned from new innovative construction methods for potential wider integration of Green and sustainability elements into building projects in Saudi Arabia and Arabian Gulf Countries.

158

Name: Dr. Manal Sayed Abdel Hamid Ali (singer) & Wafa Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Arand & Shahar She-hat Ghareeb Hassan

Work place: National Center for Housing and Construction Research (HBRC)

Job title: Director of Construction Research and Project Management Institute HBRC


Paper title: (Assessment of management approach for a construction and demolition recycling station )

Paper abstract:

Waste Management is one of main practices for achieving Sustainable construction (SC). The Imple-mentation of Construction and Demolition solid waste management (CDWM) has a remarkable positive impact on environmental, social and economic sides of any society. This paper is a case study that aims to assess two different management approaches of C&D solid waste recycling station in according to their environmental, social and economic impact. The recycling station is located in new Cairo city in Egypt. . Taking into account the available resources as main factor that limits the approach selection; this research is conducted through the following steps: 1) Assessing the economic and environmental impacts of the currently selected management approach, 2) Identifying the required improvements to avoid the negative impacts on economic and environment of the currently selected one , and 3) Proposing an alternative management approach that have remarkable advantages from the environmental and economic perspectives. This paper has found that the variation in the available resources is the keyword for the long term implementation of any CDWM system. Therefore, the de-cision maker should decide on a flexible management system that can be modified according to the available resources and that has the minimum negative impact environmentally and economically.

159

Maintenance and operation engineering

160

Name: Eng. Husain Hasan Mohamed Al Ali

Work place: Gulf Society for Maintenance & Reliability, GSMR

Job title: Chairman of the Education & Certification Committee


Paper title: Operational Excellence in the Maintenance & Reliability Fields

Paper abstract:

Operational Excellence in the M&R fields Maintenance is a series of routines, procedures and steps taken to identify and resolve potential equipment problems before they happen, improve the Reliability of Operations, and create opportunities to enhance the performance of the Organization. Getting the maximum benefits, and the best performance out of this expensive and highly technical Maintenance & Reliability Team is a concern shared by all CEO’s and Technical GM’s across different Organizations. This presentation discuss the funda-mentals required to strategies, set objectives, and align the organization focus towards achieving Operational Excellence in the M&R fields. In the presentation we will discuss the methodology for helping the organization adopt a road map towards its journey away from the Reactive Culture towards the more desired and beneficial Proactive Culture. We will discuss the principles for having a best in class Asset Maintenance Work Process, and the Roles required in the Organizations to help achieve the following results: o Effective implementation of Asset Performance Strategies. o Execute Maintenance activities in accordance with HSE Standards. o Perform Main-tenance activities in the Optimum Cost. o Provide and maintain up-to-date data quality for analysis. o Improve Maintenance Performance. o Improved utilization of resources and staff productivity. o Maximize Asset availabil-ity, and hence more throughput. o Improvement in Communications & Cooperation throughout the Site. o En-gaged employees and a Better Experience for everyone. o Implementation of Best Practices and Benchmarking.

161

Name: Eng. Ziad Ali Abdulmajeed Al-Zahrani

Work place: SABIC

Job title: Senior Engineer, Reliability Performance Analysis


Paper title: Maintenance Strategies Optimization

Paper abstract:

Maintenance Strategies of any plant asset is a vital task for the plant safety & reliability. It can be also a competitive advantage for companies when it is done effectively and efficiently or otherwise can be a drawback and wasting time money and efforts if done improperly. Regardless whether the type of maintenance strategy is preventive, predictive, detective, run to fail or mix of all types, the task to identify the properly maintained , insufficiently maintained (under maintained) , ineffectively maintained and inefficiently maintained assets (Over maintained) is very essential to have a correctly sized maintenance program just as required and just as cost ef-fective, not more or less. A cost based approach called (4-i’s) has been developed to classify the assets mainte-nance strategies into four categories or quartiles and take the corrective action accordingly , Those maintenance strategy quartiles are the Integral, Insufficient , ineffective & inefficient . The break down cost limit, maintenance program cost limit & avoided cost are the three factors used to determine the boundaries of those quartiles. The approach will help to optimize the maintenance strategies, give a competitive advantage to manufacturing plants to produce products more with less cost and eliminate the wastage of time, cost & efforts.

162

Name: Eng. Hamzaali Khandwala


Job title: Maintenance Engineer


Paper title: Design for Maintainability

Paper abstract:

Design for Maintainability involves the consideration and incorporation of best maintenance and reliabil-ity practices during the design phase of a project. It comprises of a sequence of practices that when applied to the project delivery process will result in improved maintainability characteristics being imparted to the project. Maintainability not only deals with the physical accessibility of assets during its life cycle but also encompasses a holistic approach comprising of its maintenance requirements and its ability to perform its intended function throughout its life cycle. In this technical paper, the aims and objectives of Maintainability, its relevance and oc-currence in the design phase as well as its key elements and requirements will be presented. The implementa-tion methodology of the Maintainability concept will be discussed in detail along with its mapping and interaction with other key milestones within the project management and project delivery process.

163

Name: Eng. Feras Abbas


Job title: Reliability Engineer/Rotating Equipment Engineer


Paper title: The Evolution of the Rotating Equipment Trip Analysis program in Abqaiq Plants

Paper abstract:

The nature of Abqaiq plants mode of operation dictates that most of the 3,500-major equipment, ex-cluding their sub systems and auxiliary systems, run on a continuous basis throughout its expected life cycle. In order to protect these equipment, they are connected with an elaborate ESD system composing of many types of sensors and switches for protection. With such systems, real and spurious trips occurred that caused oper-ational hiccups and losses. As part of ABQ plants failure analysis program, a customized internal process was developed to focus on such explicit failures. Thus, in 1997 the trip analysis program was introduced to address the casual factors of these trips and maintain sustainable hydrocarbon processing. Through twenty years, this reliability program has evolved and has resulted in tremendous improvement. We will show case the history of our trip analysis program and the metrics used to help assess the performance of these equipment from a trip prospective. Then we will go over each iteration of our trip analysis program and what enhancements occurred during that phase. Furthermore, we will share our latest enhancement to the program that started to be imple-mented in 2017. Finally, the resultant reduction in number of trips will be discussed through a historical illustration and our way forward to improve further. Shearing such experience will yield grate benefits to other organizations.

164

Name: Eng. Rami Abdulaziz Fahad AlShneiber

Work place: Saudi Aramco- Consulting Services Department

Job title: Reliability Engineer


Paper title: A Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) Implementation in Saudi Aramco

Paper abstract:

Reliability, Availability & Maintainability (RAM) comprises a powerful enabler for identifying facility pro-duction inefficiencies and bottlenecks, while accounting for continuous changes in the state of asset reliability and maintainability, over its expected lifecycle. This paper will discuss the RAM methodology, Saudi Aramco RAM implementation in operating facilities and projects, and a case study that utilized RAM to evaluate different replacement options and identify the most cost-effective option to optimally deliver project operational objec-tives. The RAM design options and configurations are modeled, allowing for an understanding of the degree and sources of risk for the committed deliverability. In addition, the analysis is done while accounting for a tradeoff between the availability and CAPEX, and produce the most cost-effective option for a solution to ensure the required availability.

165

Name: Eng. Abdullah Aldhafer

Work place: Riyadh Aramco

Job title: Operational Excellence Coordinator


Paper title: Introduction to Lean Six Sigma in Oil Industry

Paper abstract:

To improve the performance of a process and ensure on time delivery there are several different ap-proaches available nowadays. Lean Six Sigma is a physical transformation to the processes and it is a transfor-mation of any organizational cultural. Lean offers a unique method that helps identify possible improvement ar-eas. In addition, Six Sigma offers a unique approach that is broadly used in companies in many sectors, in order to improve the process and thereby reduce the number of defects. Either Lean or Six Sigma used separately can result in dramatic process improvement. However, both methods used in combination can address all types of process problems with the most appropriate toolkit and a high level of result. The Lean approach can be used to reduce or even eliminate waste and thereby ensure on time delivery of products. A value stream mapping is one of the main tools of lean that can be used to represent the flow of materials and information. It can be utilized to identify areas where improvements can be incorporated for a smooth flow of products. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) is a five-step approach that utilize different six sigma tools to generate ideas and collect data then to analyses and come up with improvement plans in order to improve the process under study. The methodology of Lean and Six Sigma integration was proposed and tested in Riyadh Refinery Plant. The study involves the plant maintenance work order cycle time from creation to closer. Improvement opportunities were identified from a high –level value steam map. The DMAIC approach was utilized to address the identified opportunities for improvement. The presentation will shed light on several aspects of implementing several proj-ects in Riyadh Refinery, in engineering, maintenance and planning processes.

166

Name: Eng. Sofyan Saleh Abdulaziz


Job title: CORP MAINT ENGRG CONSULTANT


Paper title: Contractor Workforce Qualification Assurance Program (CWQAP)

Paper abstract:

An ongoing training and certification program is helping to ensure that contractors adhere to Saudi Ar-amco’s rigorous technical and safety standards. The Contractor Workforce Qualification Assurance Program (CWQAP), an initiative born out of a directive from the Saudi Aramco Management Committee and the Com-pany’s Maintenance Council, which stipulates that contractor employees working inside Saudi Aramco must be qualified and competent to carry out their work. The Maintenance Council launched the initiative to elevate contractor competency to a higher level that can be measured and monitored. Corporate Maintenance Services (CMS) and Training and Development (T&D) joined forces to develop the CWQAP, to guarantee that only quali-fied contractor technicians can work in Saudi Aramco Facilities. CMS and the Contractors & Affiliates Qualifica-tion Unit are responsible for overseeing the CWQAP, and maintaining its quality in alignment with Saudi Aramco standards. The program operates through certifying third party training centers to qualify and certify contrac-tors for six major crafts: electrical, HVAC, machinist, instrumentation, metal fabricator, and metal pipefitter. The training center providers deliver the Saudi Aramco tailored program from a company blueprint object for each of the crafts to be certified. The training centers can then develop the questions, 20 percent of which are related to safety, while the other 80 per cent are technically focused. The CWQAP is now mandatory for all contractors carrying out work for Saudi Aramco at its facilities. Contract employees who pass the qualification are issued with an identification badge as proof, which also increases the visibility of their competencies in the field. The program will add value both to the contractors themselves and to Saudi Aramco, which can benefit from higher levels of competence. Importantly, the company is also elevating the standing of local training centers and the courses are open to anyone, even if they are not carrying out work for Saudi Aramco. And when it comes to the Saudi Aramco’s value of Safety, the program is helping to raise awareness and compliance with its safety reg-ulations among contractor employees and the wider technical community. At present there are currently eight Saudi Aramco accredited training centers across the Kingdom that can produce company certified contractor technicians.

167

Name: Eng. Abdulrahman Sameer Hassan Khoshaim

Work place: Saudi Aramco, Riyadh Refinery

Job title: Operation Engineer


Paper title: Riyadh Refinery: Journey to the President’s Award for Operational Excellence

Paper abstract:

Riyadh Refinery department – a domestic refining facility categorized under the downstream adminis-tration within Saudi Aramco – is one of 160 departments that started implementing its Operational Excellence (OE) strategy when the program rolled out in 2010. Carried out in a superb manner, the refinery distinguished itself amongst its peers to earn the 2017 President’s Operational Excellence (OE) Award, an award given once a year by the company’s president to showcase departmental efforts for quality management and environmental stewardship. In order to replicate the refinery’s achievement with other departments and manufacturing facilities, we hope to illuminate the nuances of the program that allowed the refinery to increase its metrics to the levels they have reached today. The Operational Excellence program started in modest in 2010. Refinery employees and industry experts attended an informational event aimed at introducing the concept of quality management. As with any change introduced to a workforce of hundreds of employees, buy-in and actual commitment to the program is integral. As such, dialogue sessions were held with employees in order to introduce them to the new responsibilities that would come as a result of the OE program implementation. These meetings were held in in-timate environments, with the OE team going to each unit and asking to meet on their terms. Each meeting con-sisted of less than 20 employees, and subsequent questionnaires helped identify levels of satisfaction with the material presented, and what could be done to convince commitment to the program. Since then, the OE model has been customized and evolved to fit the needs of Riyadh Refinery specifically. The model is divided primar-ily into two categories: Focus Areas & Enabling Elements. The former gives a bird’s eye view of departmental issues and focuses on the history and trends of specifically identified Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).The latter is a collection of specific processes developed by Aramco engineers which measure metrics inputted and calculated by carefully selected Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). High impact items such as the Energy Intensity Index affects both the Focus Area and Enabling Element score, but is represented in different ways for each. In this way, elements that have a domino effect are studied from multiple angles, and suggestions & improvements can be made on multiple fronts, simultaneously. The results of the OE model gives management the ability to direct manpower and funding to lacking areas, while empowering successful processes through rewards and recognition programs. As a result, a fully comprehensive and enticing program was curated that allows manage-ment to fully harness its available resources. The program finally stood on its own in 2015 when a state of the art, in-home dashboard was developed in order to track all relevant OE data. Projects – such as the Clean Fuels Transportations Project of 2017 which cost upwards of $400 Million in order to upgrade the quality of produced fuels at the refinery – are implemented in a much more transparent way as a result of the OE program, showing all associated risks and benefits, along with clearer roles and responsibilities for each team member. Such results set Riyadh Refinery as a role model, where more than 25 plants from both inside and outside Aramco adopted the refinery’s practices, including Korean giant S-Oil. This adoption stems not only from the internal policies that came as a result of the program, but also because of international recognition from programs such as Solomon, which placed Riyadh in the first quartile in regards to energy efficiency and environmental compliance. These checks, placed both inside and outside the company, allow for clear and verifiable results that influence the work ethic of every employee, from the frontlines all the way up to management.

168

Name: Eng. Sultan Alkhuraissi

Work place: Royal Commission in Jubail

Job title: General Manager, operation and maintenance


Paper title: Integrated Infrastructure asset management model in Jubail Industrial City

Paper abstract:

The implementation of the asset management approach to buildings maintenance has resulted in changes and significant improvements of operational performance in terms of quality, productivity and reliability, in addition to a 39% reduction in total maintenance costs, as well as a notably positive change in the culture and mind-set of maintenance staff. This been achieved by applying a new asset management operating model and adopting principles of lean and total productive maintenance to the real estate portfolio of more than 500 build-ings in Jubail Industrial City. The objective of this paper is to outline the benefits obtained during the process of the asset management transformation program, as well as to present the undergoing transformation program of integrated Infrastructure asset management model for Jubail Industrial City.

169

Name: Dr. Ayman Rashed Saleh Alshehri

Work place: TBC

Job title: Program Manager


Paper title: The challenges facing the operation and maintenance industry

Paper abstract:

Building maintenance has consistently been treated as the ‘poor relation’ of the construction and building industry. In term of Saudi Arabia, it is said that the management procedures used by maintenance contractors is poor and not based on scientific background. In addition, the Saudi Arabian Government spent SR3172 (£529) billion during 2005 to 2009 on construction projects. Despite the growth in demand, the building maintenance in the Kingdom faces several difficulties. With the growth of Saudi government funding for new construction proj-ects, more maintenance works is becoming necessary to ensure the serviceability and safety of the construct-ed facilities. The first step for improvement and development of maintenance is identifying and evaluating the current practice. Therefore, further study to identify and analyze the root causes of these problems is required to reduce or even diminish the effect problems of these on the general performance of the industry. In order to explore the current status of the building maintenance in Saudi public sector, twelve interviews with profession-als who are working in operation and maintenance departments were conducted. Data collection from these in-terviews were analyzed to identify the common challenges which categorized into three grouped, management problems, human resource problems and technical problems. The interviews also revealed that lack of financial support, lack of experienced manpower to conduct the required works in a quick and professional manner and maintenance contract regulation are key areas for improvement. In addition, it was clear that the maintenance departments do not get more support from top management and their efforts are considered secondary to the main work. Keywords: Building Maintenance, Public Sector, Saudi Arabia.

170

Name: Dr. Salih Osman Ali Duffuaa

Work place: Department of Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals



Paper title: Total Quality Maintenance: A Dream or a Reality

Paper abstract:

Total Quality Maintenance: A Dream or a Reality Maintenance plays a critical role in any organization long term success. It impacts operations, quality, productivity, profitability and the organization survival. Due to the role maintenance should be managed in the best possible way. In this paper the concept of Total Produc-tive Maintenance (TQM) is revisited and updated based on Total Quality Management principles. According to the American Society for Quality Control (ASQ), the principles of TQM are: customer focus, total employee involvement, process-centered, integrated system, strategic and systematic approach, continual improvement fact-based decision making and effective communication, in this presentation, the corresponding principles to achieve total quality maintenance are identified and the means for deploying them are prescribed. Challenges that are likely to be faced during the implementation of total quality maintenance are highlighted together with suggestions to overcome them In addition the presentation attempts to formulate a standard for TQM and sug-gest a scheme for auditing and assessing how far an organization maintenance department/unit achieved total quality maintenance status.

171

Name: Eng. Talal Almaghlouth


Job title: Construction Engineer


Paper title: Asset Management System

Paper abstract:

This report presents an asset management system for retaining wall, culvert and rest areas. A conceptual asset management system was designed based on research of the best practices of the transportation agencies in the country. Based on the analysis of transportation agencies’ experience and practice, there is no doubt that transportation agencies are in need of an asset management system including retaining walls, culverts, and rest areas. The key elements to establish asset management systems are inventory data, inspection process and assessment. The outcome of this conceptual system is to improve the structures and the facilities by making an appropriate decision to either repair or replace the structures and to help the agency to determine the right time to spend money to maintain the assets before they fail. The conceptual asset management system is useful to identify, easier to track, and cost effective to maintain the state assets.

172

Name: Eng. Ahmed Mohammed Mustafah Barnawi

Work place: TASNEE (National Industrialization Company)

Job title: Manager, Reliability and Inspection


Paper title: Asset Integrity Framework for Cost Efficient Operation

Paper abstract:

This paper is about real live experience of implementing asset integrity program across of some leading organizations in KSA. This paper will explain pillars needed to build successful asset integrity program for cost efficient operation. Moreover, it will conclude by projecting outlook future of asset integrity journey globally : Framework for Excellence Asset Integrity Program o Talented Resources/Workforce o Management System/Software (CMMS, APM) o Procedures, Codes, Standards and Industrial Practices Asset Integrity Management Future Outlook o Machines voice and Remote Diagnostic o Cloud Base Data Management and Full Integrated Asset Integrity Management System Support Asset Integrity Implementation Case Studies from 2002 till 2017 o Hadeed experience/lessons learned o SABIC Total Reliability Program (STRP4) o TASNEE Asset Integrity Pro-gram (AIP) Presenter BIO: BS in Applied Mechanical Engineering from King Fahad University for Petroleum and Minerals, 1999. 2014 – present, working as Manager of Reliability and Inspection in TASNEE PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX 2004 – 2014, worked for SABIC as a leader for Total Reliability Program and later as Director, Bench-mark & Audit, Manufacturing Center of Excellence 2000-2003 worked for HADEED, SABIC as a Maintenance Supervisor and later as Section Head of Hadeed reliability engineering Certified Maintenance & Reliability Pro-fessional, CMRP certification received in 2005. One of the original founders of Gulf Society for Maintenance and Reliability (GSMR) and Board Member since 2010. Technical Committee Chairman for Middle East Maintenance & Reliability Conference & Exhibition (Maintcon 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016).

173

Name: Eng. Mohammed Q. Al-Zawad


Job title: Turnaround SME


Paper title: Boosting the Excellence of Turnaround Triangle

Paper abstract:

The paper discusses proven approaches used to effectively boost the excellence of Turnarounds triangle (Time, Cost, and Quality) at JNGLFD. Generally, turnarounds exhibit challenges on time, cost, and quality. How-ever, those have not been adequately addressed by turnaround performers. In contrast, the paper addresses the dynamic turnarounds’ planning and execution with special attention to cost, time, and quality. As an example of time improvement, the paper will present a scope revision to a huge scaffolding’s erection for 96 FT height Storage Tanks. The approach successfully skimmed a full month of the total execution time. Therefore, tank’s downtime was reduced by 1 month. Not only that, but the paper will also illustrate different contractual procure-ment methodology approaches, which consequently had a great effect in one of the major pillars in turnarounds which is cost. Those approaches resulted in saving 40%of insulation cost for storage tanks and saving 30% for Marine Berths. What is more? The paper will not miss out on touching the quality aspect in order to complete the turnaround triangle. Thus, it will present an introduction of Thermal Reflective Coating (CERATECH-901) at the tank dome as a replacement of APCS-5A. This exercise resulted in improving the reflection of dome’s solar radiation. Hence, dome’s temperature was reduced by 40%. Consequently, minimizing the propane vapor to the vapor recovery unit. Paper will include more examples to illustrate the approaches. Also, it will include diagrams, tables, and pictures to enhance the understanding.

174

Name: Dr. Ibrahim Mostafa Gamal El Dameery

Work place: National Housing and Building Research Center

Job title: Director of the Research Institute of Architecture and Housing


Paper title: RESORTS & HOTELS MAINTENANCE ASSET RELIABILITY AND IMPROVING COST EF-FECTIVENESS STRATEGIES

Paper abstract:

Maintenance is a set of organized technical and administrative actions carried out in order to keep op-eration in its best condition with minimum cost acquired at highest quality and safety standards. Cost effective maintenance management is a goal for projects, following global issues and challenges, it is a given that as as-sets age they require maintenance attention. Good management significantly impacts the bottom line as well as increase maintenance visibility. Preventive maintenance has become more important than ever before as a result of shrinking profit margins, aging assets and increasing pressure to demonstrate sustainable concerns. Hotels and Resorts always look for a way optimizing the best cost effective methods to operate and maintain facilities in order to secure the fulfillment of facilities goals and meet the global economy changes, by adapting effec-tive-benchmarks, methodologies and strategies applied. The aim of the paper is seeking maintenance manage-ment tools to adopt strategies obtaining the greatest return for investment which lengthen the useful life cycle of hotels and resorts assets, to improve productivity, increase revenues; lower operating costs, and reduce risk, allowing focusing efforts on their core competency and strengthening their ability to adapt in the ever-changing business environment. The aim as well is to identify responsibilities for assets maintenance, and identify main-tenance management efficient strategies. As such a sound maintenance strategy is proposed in order to keep the engineering systems reliable, safe, and energy efficient, satisfying customers and owners expectations and increasing plant reliability for future planning. Keywords: Maintenance-Hotels-Reliability.

175

Name: Eng. SALEM AMER SAEED AL-BARGAN

Work place: Saudi Aramco-Dhahran

Job title: MAINTENANCE CONSULTANT


Paper title: Failure Reporting Analysis & Corrective Action System (FRACAS)

Paper abstract:

The Failure Reporting Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS) is a key component of the Total Plant Reliability Management (TPRM) framework that instills a standardized sustainable reliability improvement culture across Saudi Aramco. FRACAS is a new company-wide system for capturing, reporting, investigating, analyzing, correcting and preventing defects, failures and trips throughout Saudi Aramco facilities. FRACAS is a comprehensive SAP based solution that institutionalizes the best practices of reliability such as performing root cause analysis and issuing recommendations to avoid repetitive failure. The development of the FRACAS system started in May 2013 and included numerous requirements gathering sessions, prototyping and user acceptance testing with SMEs representing all Business Lines in the company. Rollout of the completed FRA-CAS system started September 2014 and was completed in February 2015. The rollout consisted of field visits with presentations targeting plant management, as well as workshops that involved all engineers, planners and other involved maintenance disciplines. All Saudi Aramco maintenance organizations are now actively using the FRACAS system such that any equipment malfunction is captured into the system and, wherever required, relevant Root Cause Analysis is performed within FRACAS, and recommendations are issued and tracked within FRACAS. In order to simplify the usage of the system with adding more features FRACAS V2 was developed and rolled out on May 24, 2017 with new interface and additional features that will make the system more friendly use and has several features compared to the old version. The system provides a central database which all de-partments can refer to and find root causes and recommendations for similar failure that may have occurred and has been analyzed at other similar facilities in the company. FRACAS collects the business intelligence required not only to reactively correct the occurring asset unreliability events, but most importantly, to proactively antic-ipate and eliminate those events as well as all similar events for similar assets in the future. FRACAS can now be used by 46 maintenance departments throughout the company to improve plant reliability and to cultivate an environment of knowledge sharing, so that organizations scattered around the Kingdom can learn from each other’s experiences. FRACAS was developed as a result of a need for an IT solution that would be a single sys-tem across all business lines to report failures and to get to the root causes of why failures occur. Saudi Aramco is world renowned for its careful attention to the maintenance of its assets, and its safety record speaks for itself. But to capitalize on the knowledge and expertise of the number of maintenance departments working at facilities around the company, and to pool that knowledge in one central location where lessons could be shared, FRA-CAS was a necessary addition. The FRACAS has been designed in-house, using the SAP system software. With introduction of FRACAS process for unreliable events that occur in facilities, it triggers an investigation, which is investigated by a team of experts, led by a team lead. Using Fault Tree Analysis and 5 Why RCA methodologies, root causes are identified. Once this analysis is completed, the FRACAS team will review and approve recom-mendations which are issued to rectify identified root causes.

176

Electrical engineering

177

Name: Eng. JOHNSON THOMAI

Work place: DAMMAM

Job title: ENGINEERING MANAGER


Paper title: • Power System Studies specific to Large Power Plant supplying huge Smelter Plant Loads

Paper abstract:

Smelter Load has unique characteristic and complicated operating procedures. These critical operating procedures are to be envisaged using specialized power system study software to ensure safe, reliable and eco-nomical operation. There will be huge economical loss and replacement time if the power system is not designed to meet the stringent operating procedures of smelter plants. Smelter Plant requires huge electrical power during the entire process and it has individual pot lines. Each Pot lines load is also huge and when the pot line load is lost it affects the power system. Hence, additional Power System Studies are to be performed to ensure the system stable operation. The Power Plant which supplies the Smelter Plant also exports power to the Utility and the Power Plant Operating Scenarios are different (Large Island mode and Small Island Mode) and these Power Plant operating Scenarios are to be studied thoroughly to ensure economical operation of the smelter Plant and also ensuring Power System Stability. This paper focuses on such Power System Studies and detailing different scenarios to be covered for Smelter Plant and Power Plant.

178

Name: Eng. Khalid Saeed Yahya Alqahtani


Job title: Electrical Engineer


Paper title: Large Critical Motors Assessment Program at Saudi Aramco

Paper abstract:

Saudi Aramco operates one of the largest motors fleet in the world. Thus, it has become pertinent to en-sure a methodological & reliable approach to oversee and assess the operability of the company’s large critical motors (500 HP and more). For that, Saudi Aramco held a company-wide Motor Condition Assessment (MCA) program. The aim of this program is to assess & identify the healthiness rate for over than 1500 large motors, and ensure a safe and reliable operation of Saudi Aramco facilities. The program consisted of three main stages. The first stage is screening & analysis, of which motors were categorized (to priority-1 and priority-2) based on operational criticality and failure history. The second & thirst stages are assessing priroty-1 motors (125 motors) and priroty-2 motors (471 motors), respectively. The assessment was carried on through two levels (Level-1 and Level-2). Level-1 is analyzing the motors operating parameters and Insulation condition. Level-2 is conducting detailed assessment by a test agency. The paper provides an overview of the program’s overall structure, as-sessment criteria, and outcomes.

179

Name: Eng. Shafiq Ur Rehman

Work place: Sir Syed UET Pakistan Karachi

Job title: Lecturer


Paper title: The Pakistan Three Phase Multi Protection Relay System

Paper abstract:

The main task of power electronics is to control and convert electrical power from one form to another. The four main forms of conversion are: Rectification referring to conversion of ac voltage to dc voltage, DC-to-AC conversion, DC-to DC conversion and AC-to-AC conversion. Electronic power converter is the term that is used to refer to a power electronic circuit that converts voltage and current from one form to another. It is a cheapest device for the electrical industry for the world of modern era because of the safety for the Power indus-try whether for the renewable energy or Power industries for Pakistan. The foremost objective of the research to protect three phase system of Pakistan. The main cause of this research to protect the industry from the phase failure problems and to protect the industry from the phase reversal problems. It is also protect the industry from over/under voltages and currents and it is to separate the maximum voltage carrying phase separation for required usage.

180

Name: Prof. houda soliman seddeq (speaker) & Amany Younis El-masry & Abd-Elaziz Mouhamrd AbdElaziz

Work place: HOusing & Building Research Center

Job title: Professor in building physics institute


Paper title: PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AGAINST ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE THROUGH FLOORING

Paper abstract:

The technical requirements for ESD protection in clinical environment, equipment rooms, dispatch cen-ter and laboratories contain flammables, or explosives are very important for personnel and the electronic parts safety. Protection against electrostatic discharges (ESD) involves the technical requirements of flooring. Poly-mer is usually used as static control for flooring. In this paper different polymer samples from Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) prepared with different carbon black (N660) concentrations to study the electrical properties of these samples for using as antistatic for flooring. The electrical properties measured for 8 samples through the effect of adding carbon black content; (0,40,50,60,70,80,90,100) on the dc and ac electrical conductivity, Also the electrical resistance of two point on the surface (conductive test) and from the surface to earth (dissipative test) for the different samples were measured according to ASTM F150 and ANSI/ESD S7.1 .The results show that dc electrical conductivity (σdc) increases by increasing the carbon black concentration up to the threshold value (~ 60 phr) and changed from 109 S/m to106 S/m. The range of conductive resistance for samples N90 and N100 achieve the required limit in ANS/ESD S7.1-05 and ASTM F 150-98 when using conductive adhesive for flooring. The ranges of dissipative resistance of all samples achieve the required limit in ANS/ESD S7.1-05 and ASTM F 150 -98 with and without using conductive adhesive for flooring. Finally the carbon black concentration improves the conductive and dissipative resistance properties that required for antistatic polymer flooring.

181

Name: Eng. Ahmed Gamal Ahmed Mahmoud

Work place: ABB

Job title: Senior Design Engineer


Paper title: Micro grid Optimal Scheduling and demand response effect in Grid Connected & Islanding mode

Paper abstract:

Nowadays with the massive integration of renewable and distributed energy sources, electricity systems are evolved to towards a generation mix and more decentralized systems. Thus, Micro grids are introduced to address the emergence of a large number of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution systems where load can be supplied from both generation side & load side in order to achieve more reliability and additional flexibility which is done through demand response programs. In this paper, Micro grid model is presented to study the effect of DER’s and the demand response on Micro grid total operation cost during grid connected mode as well the effect on Micro grid reliability during islanding mode. Finally, optimal scheduling case studies are presented in this paper with main objective to minimize both the total operation cost during grid connected mode and power mismatch at islanded mode depending on DER and demand response programs.

182

Name: Eng. Ahmed Osama R Khoja


Job title: lecturer/ Research associate


Paper title: Towards Smart micro-grids: A Novel Decision Support Tool for Utilizing Energy Synergies in Dis-tricts

Paper abstract:

The adoption of Paris climate agreement in 2015 coupled the falling prices of renewable energies are ac-celerating the growth of energy originating from renewable sources in the energy mix, which in return is increas-ing the pressure on the energy providers to move from the centralized, non-flexible energy delivery systems to more flexible and decentralized systems to be better accommodate the expected growth of energy originating from renewable sources in the energy mix Flexible systems in the form of micro and smart girds enable the grid to accommodate and compensate the energy fluctuations that result from the high share of climate dependent renewable energy sources in the energy mix. This, in turn, will also increase the pressure on the energy stor-age facilities to store the surplus energy during light load periods and to provide it again during peak load. The building stock being the largest energy consumers can play a pivotal role in overcoming the current storage gap challenge by taking advantage of the energy supply and demand synergies between the buildings through the creation of a smart network [2]. In such a system, the buildings are able to exchange energy surpluses with each other thus, flattening the energy fluctuation in the grid and reducing the amount of surplus energy to be stored. Furthermore, by establishing a common energy system, buildings with legal and/or space restrictions can have access to energy from renewables that are provided by other buildings that are not challenged by such restric-tions. Hence, the share of renewables can be dramatically increased along with a significant reduction in the CO2 emissions and investment costs. Realizing such smart gird systems where each building is an active part of wider global energy system is a very challenging and a complex task especially when dealing with existing building stocks and the design teams engaged in such projects require a set of reliable and quick tools that allow them to assess the district electrical systems and their interaction with the indusial buildings and to predict the energy supply and demand patterns within the district before and after possible retrofitting interventions . Within the EU funded research project FASUDIR1 a new software tool for an effective collaboration for district retrofitting projects is developed. The developed software tool allows decision makers and planners to assess the district current energy performance, its energy generation potential, the feasibility of introducing new renewable energy systems and possible impact of applying different demand side management strategies on the district electrical load and storage capacities, thus laying the necessary foundation for developing a smart micro-grid system for the district. The proposed presentation will demonstrate the developed tools functionalities and results of its application on three case study sites in Europe along with its potential utilization into other case study sites in the world.

183

Name: Eng. Abdulaziz Abdullah Abdulaziz AlMuhanna

Work place: Saudi Aramco / Ras Tanura Refinery



Paper title: Robust H∞ and µ-Synthesis Frequency Control for Two-Bus Islanded Micro grids

Paper abstract:

With the fast emerge of renewable sources, remote locations started to utilize Micro grids to provide the required power. The Micro grid could be connected to a utility grid, and in many situations it may serve as a small isolated grid. An islanded Micro grid is subjected to many disturbances throughout the day e.g. load profile and power generation changes. The case gets even worse when this small grid is exclusively driven by renewable sources such as wind and power; which are dependent on wind speed and sun radiation. It is very challenging to control the voltage and frequency of a Micro grid to meet the desired output when a Micro grid is not connect-ed to utility grid. This paper provides a literature survey of the latest proposed frequency control techniques of islanded Micro grids, which could be equipped with energy storage equipment or could be connected to utility grid when needed. In addition, a Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA) conducted by MATLAB SIMULINK for islanded Micro grid using Robust H∞ and μ- Synthesis techniques. This paper shows the effect of these robust techniques in damping the oscillations in frequency very fast compared to normal controllers such as lead-lag controller. Up to author’s knowledge, no one considered two-bus system using Robust H∞ and μ-Synthesis techniques for INS landed Micro grids. The two-bus system is greatly enhanced the final results on the frequen-cy control.

184

Name: Eng. Yousef Alrasheedi

Work place: Saudi Aramco/ Dhahran

Job title: Electrical Engineer I


Paper title: MULTIMACHINE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FOR A LOCAL

Paper abstract:

Low frequency oscillations are one of the stability issues that are commonly found in large electric sys-tems (utilities). When utilities suffer from low frequency oscillations there will be disturbances that could trip some of the machines. This is even worse in the industrial plants since it could lead to blackout that will cost the plant its reliability which could eventually limit the electric generation to retain the plant reliability. In this thesis we studied one of the local industrial plants. Where we modeled the plant’s electric system, investigated its stability and we have done the design & tuned a lead/lag PSS using the Differential Evolution Algorithm. In addition, we tested the proposed PSS under different operating conditions. Also, in this thesis we investigated the effect of the PSS on the local industrial plant stability during islanding case.

185

االسم : البروفيسور/ عبد هللا محمد عبد هللا الشعالنجهة العمل : جامعة الملك سعود

المسمى الوظيفي : أستاذ الهندسة الكهربائية[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : تطبيق معايير الموثوقية الحديثة في تخطيط وربط أنظمة القوى الكهربائية


تعــرض هــذه الورقــة كيفيــة تطبيــق المعاييــر الحديثــة فــي تخطيــط أنظمــة القــوى الكهربائيــة، ومــن هــذه المعاييــر Expected Demand Not Served,( وكذلــك )Loss of Load Expectation,LOLE( معامــل فقــد الحمــل المتوقــعEDNS( وكذلــك معامــل فقــد الطاقــة المتوقــع )Expected Energy Not Served, EENS(، ولقــد تــم تطبيــق هــذه المعاييــر فــي التخطيــط لثاثــة أنظمــة حقيقيــة بشــمال المملكــة )حائــل، الجــوف، تبــوك( فــي عمليــة تخطيــط بعيــد المــدى، ولقــد تــم دراســة هــذه األنظمــة قبــل الربــط وبعــد تخطيطهــا كأنظمــة مترابطــة، وقــد اتضــح مــن الدراســة مزايــا وفوائــد الربــط الكهربائــي بيــن األنظمــة الكهربائيــة المعزولــة فــي تحســين أدائهــا ورفــع كفاءتهــا وتقليــل تكاليفهــا. وهــذه الدراســة تتوافــق مــع رؤيــة المملكــة 2030 المســتقبلية فــي تطويــر القطــاع الكهربائــي وجعلــه قطاعــا يرتكــز علــى المعطيــات الفنيــة

واالقتصاديــة وجــودة الخدمــات المقدمــة منــه.

186

Name: Eng. Abdul Aziz Saeed Mohammed Al Shahrani

Work place: Saudi Electricity Company / National Transport Company

Job title: Power Transmission Engineer


Paper title: The interconnection of FARASAN Island to The Main Grid in K.S.A

Paper abstract:

The paper describes the study that assess the feasibility of an interconnection between Farasan Island and the main grid in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of the interconnection is to sustain the development of the demand in the island in the next future, providing a reliable source of energy, limiting at minimum the re-course to expensive local generation. Furthermore, the interconnection will improve the reliability and quality of the supply in the island. Different options for the interconnection have been considered in terms of configuration and connection points in Jizan area. Also, the study considered the technical, economic and environmental characteristics of the interconnection.

187

Name: Eng. RAVIPUDI SUDHIR

Work place: DAMMAM

Job title: POWER SYSTEMS STUDY ENGINEER


Paper title: • INVESTIGATION AND MITIGATION FOR POWER QUALITY ISSUES IN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE LOADS

Paper abstract:

The paper explains investigation and mitigation of power quality and harmonic issues of Electric arc furnace loads. Arc furnace loads introduce power quality issues that must be carefully investigated at the plant design stage, thus, power quality and harmonic studies form an integral part of the system planning process in addition to other studies (load flow & Transient) that are typical when connecting a significant industrial arc fur-nace load to the power system network. EAF loads have complex characteristics. The load and reactive power demand is constantly fluctuating during the melting process and the fluctuation can be considered quite ‘ran-dom’. This load fluctuation, specially the reactive power part of the load, can impact the voltage quality at adja-cent AC buses in the transmission/distribution systems. The load fluctuation can lead to a corresponding voltage fluctuation on the AC buses and possibly lead to visible voltage flicker problems to other customers. In this paper we propose a solution to Power quality/Harmonic problem at the time of EAF loads operation. The solution is to install STATCOM to mitigate the PQ and harmonic issues which we performed for a medium steel plant (1 MTPA).

188

Name: Dr. Mohamed Younis El Sayed Mohamed

Work place: Middle Delta Company for Production ... Ministry of Electricity and Energy of Egypt

Job title: Head of Operations Department


Paper title: Detection of Isolator Position Using Current Transformers (CTs) Measurements and Algebraic Algorithm

Paper abstract:

This paper has discovered new method to detect and locate isolator position in cases of fail of commu-nication, loss of auxiliary voltage, or fail of the isolators limit switches. Position detection of the isolator is very important to be determined exactly for normal operation of the substation, and also for bus bar protection in case of multi bus bar systems. By using the current transformers (CTs) measurements and algebraic algorithm, it became easier to detect and locate exactly the isolator position. This method used Kirchhoff’s current law as a primary step along the way to detect the position of the isolator, and used also the bus bar check zone as a guide. According to this new method, isolator problem became history and new system has been built, this sys-tem became more effective, reliable, in dependable and flexible with the deferent situations. This paper is a great step to construct strong control and protection systems using all the available data with maximum efficiency and give the systems more choices in monitoring, controlling and protection. It is a new step upon constructing smart systems.

189

Name: Dr. SALAH ALI YOUSEF ALALI &Yousef Omair Al-Rasheedi&Rashid O. Al-Rashidi

Work place: Saudi Aramco Oil Company

Job title: Engineering Specialist


Paper title: VAR flow control for grid capacity optimization

Paper abstract:

Increase or decrease in the reactive power (VAR) load requirements on any bus leads to voltage fluctu-ations at that bus. Therefore, VAR flow control is very crucial for the integrity of power systems as it may lead to voltage instability or severe circulating current. The circulating current in the power systems will cause system stresses and will reduce the generator’s capacity. Therefore, a quick automated control system is needed to continually regulate the VAR flow. This can be done through the VAR control system in either the generator or the transformer; however, a very sophisticated control system is needed for coordination between them. In this paper we will share our experience in deploying an advanced technique to coordinate between all VAR systems to stabilize the voltage and minimize the circuiting current. We utilized the existing Distributed Control System (DCS) infrastructure, in one of the local industrial plants, to automate the VAR regulation without adding any additional components. The new logic detects any voltage instability or any circulating current and selects the most appropriate VAR system, whether it is a generator VAR or a transformer VAR, to correct the VAR flow. At the end, the voltage will be fixed. In this paper we will describe how this package works, the system logics, and the system operations.

190

Name: Eng. Khalid M.A.Al-Zarfi

Work place: Saudi Electricity Company/National Grid

Job title: senior transmission engineer


Paper title: Highlights The Training Program for Dammam Maintenance Department and Benefits By Khalid M. Al-Zarfi & Abdullah H. Abu Kuwaiml

Paper abstract:

Dammam maintenance department has conducted a training program for underground cables and this training program is divided into two main parts: the first part of this training was designed so the employee can get all the required knowledge and skills for the cable joint. The second part of this training: is going to show the indirect benefits that each employee is going to gain during and after finishing this training program for example: transfer the experience between employees.

191

Name: Eng. RAVIPUDI SUDHIR & Eng. RAJESH U NIGHOT & Eng. JOHNSON THOMAI

Work place: DAMMAM

Job title: POWER SYSTEM STUDY ENGINEER


Paper title: TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT USING FACTS TECHNOLOGY

Paper abstract:

The rapid increase in load growth requires power network expansion in Generation, Transmission and Distribution area. The transmission network which needs to be expanded for the increased load growth imposes lot more challenges like increased cost, new transmission routes and more time for project implementation. Grid operational challenges are also many and importantly the type of load set a major challenge to voltage recovery after a power system disturbance. FACTS devices would play a major role in mitigating the above: SVC (Static VAR compensator), a member of FACTS Family provide the following advantages; SVC provides faster voltage recovery after a power system disturbance and minimizes the black-outs and brown-outs. Good control over steady-state over voltage during power system contingencies and load variation. Increases power system sta-bility by damping power oscillation. Transmission network expansion requirement due to load growth can be curtailed by effectively placing facts devices. Major oil & gas exploration in the Gulf region is at Off-shore, miles away from shore and the network would use submarine cables. These submarine cables generate huge VAR (Reactive power) and clear strategy to be adopted and followed to control the over voltages due to excessive VAR generation from the long submarine cable system. This Article focus on the above issues and provides the mitigations.

192

Mechanical engineering

193

Name: Dr. Lei Chen

Work place: The University of Adelaide

Job title: Senior Lecturer


Paper title: Nonlinear vibration control to improve the sustainability and integrity of flexible structures – a case study of active flutter suppression for flexible structures under wind tunnel testing

Paper abstract:

High standard engineering product and technology has been one of the major driving forces in the long history of human evolution. Engineering standard in fact, has evolved constantly as humankind has changed all the time. Nowadays, the frontier of engineering and technology has been challenged by the rapidly changing nature of the global economy. To demonstrate the challenges facing to the engineering society, we use the nonlinear vibration control problems as an example to illustrate how to maintain engineering progress and uplift the engineering standard. Contract to the tra-ditional engineering design with high strength, high stiffness, and rigid structures, the latest generation of mechanical and aerospace structures, due to stringent constraints on energy consumption and manufacturing cost, are necessarily made of lightweight materials to achieve a high strength-to-weight ratio. Therefore, the structures are physically characterized by low structural damping, lower gross stiffness (despite higher specific stiffness), and low natural frequencies. As a conse-quence of these characteristics, structures such as , high-rise buildings, aircraft wings and wind turbine blades are readily excited by external disturbances such as forces produced by unbalanced rotating machines, reciprocating machines, or shock impacts. The development of strategies for reducing these vibrations has been a key area of interest in active vibra-tion control for flexible structures. To understand the underlying complex nonlinear reactions of flexible airfoil structures, many numerical models have been proposed and a few physical models have been developed in the past 30 years, such as NASA’s Flutter Research and Experiment Device (FRED) at Langley Research Centre and Nonlinear Aero-elastic Testing Apparatus (NATA) at Texas A&M University. Although the costs to build those testing facilities were multi-million dollars, we have found a smart and economic way to produce a similar facility by using state-of-the-art intelligent hepatic control technology. To simulate the complex aero-elastic flutter phenomenon in wing structures, all existing testing facilities use traditional mechanical cams and springs with limitations such as bulky and inflexible. Using smart brushless motor control is possible to regulate the aerodynamic force applied on the wing structure to provide a more realistic and wider flutter range than those of NATA and FRED. It is well known that aera-elastic flutter can damage the integrity of structures if not properly controlled. Existing optimal controllers for active suppression of airfoil flutter (ASAF) are sensitive to modelling errors while other controllers less prone to uncertainties do not provide optimal control. This talk, we will present a novel nonlinear con-troller based on neural networks (NNs) for ASAF and its experimental testing in a smart wind tunnel facility. This method focuses on solving these challenging problems by deriving a new intelligent model-based control scheme capable of syn-thesizing nonlinear near-optimal control laws in real time according to a known model and online updated system dynamics. A four-degrees-of-freedom aero-elastic model that has nonlinear translational and torsional stiffness and employs leading/trailing-edge control surfaces as control inputs is considered. Optimal control laws for the nonlinear aero-elastic system is synthesized by solving the Hamiltonian-Jacobi-Bellman equation through NN-based value function approximation (VFA) and synchronous policy iteration in a Critic-Actor configuration. A systematic approach based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proposed for the design of a scheduled parameter matrix for the VFA. An NN-based identifier is also derived to capture un-modelled dynamics online. Extended Kalman filters are employed to tune NN parameters. The proposed con-troller was validated by wind-tunnel experiments. Comparisons drawn with a linear-parameter-varying optimal controller confirms the effectiveness and validity of the proposed control scheme. The method of modelling and control demonstrat-ed here can also be applied to other engineering structures, such as rotating skyscrapers, communication towers, and high-rise suspension bridges.

194

Name: Eng. Abdullah Balhaddad

Work place: Private Sector

Job title: Rotating Equipment Engineer


Paper title: Piping Strain and Steam Turbine Vibration

Paper abstract:

A steam turbine was suffering from a high vibration during its start up. The machine was new and it was its FAT. After investigation, the pipe strain was the cause behind this vibration. A correction method has been made on pipe strain in order to meet international standards. After this correction method, the vibration dropped to the acceptable limit.

195

Name: Dr. Maha Mahmoud Aly Lashin

Work place: Banha University, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Department

Job title: Associated Professor


Paper title: Effect of Friction Stir Processing on the Dynamic Behavior of Aluminum Alloys AA6061

Paper abstract:

AA6061 aluminum alloy (Al–Mg–Si alloy) has a wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight struc-tures that requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. The aim of the present work is to investigate the FSP (friction stir processing) as a potential processing technique for aluminum alloys be-cause of various advantages it offers over other processes. A modal analysis technique used to study effect of changing mechanical work conditions (cutting speed and feed rate) on the dynamic behavior of aluminum alloy. The studying appeared that, the natural frequency of AA6061 aluminum alloy piece gave a good results at high cutting speed and medium value of feed rate. Also the damping value decrease with increasing the cutting speed and feed rate.

196

Name: Dr. Ahmed Mostafa Taher Metwaly (speaker) & Benjamin Jones & Paolo Fiorini

Work place: Life Science Technologies Department, IMEC v.z.w., Leuven, Belgium

Job title: Research scientist


Paper title: Novel designs of regular filling capillary pumps for lab-on-a-chip applications

Paper abstract:

Capillary flow devices offer an attractive means of pumping and flow control based solely on capil-lary-driven actuation. This presents the possibility of building a lab on a chip (LoC) microsystem without the added cost, complexity, and supporting equipment needed for actively actuated pumps and valves. However, engineering a capillary-driven microsystem to perform a complex series of tasks needed for biochemical assays such as DNA analysis or pathogen detection presents many challenges. For instance, entrainment of air bubbles in a capillary pump can reduce its usable volume and a poorly controlled propagation of the liquid-vapor inter-face can cause “short-cutting” of the pump, a problem where the liquid finds a path from the inlet to the outlet of the pump without filling the pump. These are common problems for pumps designed with a uniform array of rectangular or hexagonal packed circular micro pillars. In this paper, we introduce novel designs for regular filling micro capillary pumps based on the concept of successive decrease in the capillary pressure along the filling axis of the pump. Three different designs were developed; radial channel pump, tapered channel pump and varying inter-pillar-distance micro pillar pump. The designs were fabricated in silicon using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and covered with a glass wafer bonded anodic ally to the silicon wafer. The filling of the fabricated devices was demonstrated experimentally. The experiments validated the design concept of the design concept of the capillary pumps.

197

Name: Prof. Ashraf Elwy Abdel-Aleem Balabel

Work place: Faculty of Engineering - Taif University



Paper title: Computational Fluid Dynamics of Dam-Break Problem with different Fluid Properties using the Level Set Method

Paper abstract:

The computational fluid dynamics for one of the most challenging problems of two-phase flows; name-ly, the unsteady movements of dam break flow, is introduced. The governing momentum equations are solved numerically using the control volume approach over a regular two-dimensional computational grid. The level set method is applied for predicting the transient movements of the dam break free surface flow with a high accu-racy solution procedure. The effects of the geometrical parameters of the initial dam shape and the fluid prop-erties such as density, viscosity and surface tension on the dam front movement and dam topological changes are investigated. The obtained results showed a faster movement of the dam front in the downstream direction by increasing the dam height and the fluid density. However, by increasing the fluid viscosity, a slower motion of the dam front is obtained. Moreover, the variation of the fluid surface tension showed a slight effect on the movement of the dam front. Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Dam break problem, Fluid properties, Level set method, Two-phase flow.

198

Name: Prof. Alaa Mahfouz & Waleed Abdel maksoud & Ahmed Medhat & Essam Eldin Khalil Hassan Khalil

Work place: Cairo University, Faculty of Engineering

Job title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering


Paper title: Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow of a Heat Exchanger Tube Fitted with Twisted Tape

Paper abstract:

The present paper validated the experimental results of turbulent flow in a plain tube with the numerical results that performed in this paper using standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, Realizable k-ε, and SST k-ω turbulence mod-el. The validation shows that an excellent agreement between the numerical results using SST k-ω turbulence model and the experimental results. The effect of the twisted tape with rod (TTR) on the heat transfer rate, friction factor, and the performance evaluation criteria (PEC) are numerically investigated for Reynolds number ranging from 2000 to 21,000 and are compared with those obtained numerically by a heat exchanger plain tube and tube fitted with the typical twisted tapes (TT). ANSYS Fluent16 is the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software used in this paper. The comparisons reveal to that, the Mussel number values of the tube fitted with TTR are more than those obtained by the plain tube, and they increase as the twisted tape ratio decrease. The thermal performance factor of the tube fitted with TTR of twisted ratio=1.75 reach to 1.29 at Re=2000 that is more than that of the TT by 16%, where the friction factor obtained by TTR is less than that obtained by tube fitted with TT.

199

Name: Eng. Azzam Sami Mohammed Saati


Job title: Reliability Engineer


Paper title: Slow Roll Period Evaluation for Steam Turbine in Oil

Paper abstract:

Reliability Unit has studied the consequences of current practice in starting- up steam and long period of slow roll for turbines units in oil division at Abqaiq Plants. Therefore, ME&FA issued a recommendation stating the slow roll period to all steam turbines in Abqaiq plants (oil facilities) which is 30 minutes as minimum required slow roll period up to maximum period (45 minutes). Also, OPU was requested to evaluate the implementation from operation aspect for the required period for slow roll which will have avoidance of thermal shaft bow, in addition, Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) for mechanical seals will improve which mean cost reduction. Moreover, the energy cost for steam turbine at slow roll is $1,663 per day so, estimated cost saving per steam turbine per year is $66,250 based on current practice.

200

Name: Dr. Ahmed M. A. Bagabir

Work place: Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University Jazan, Saudi Arabia



Paper title: Numerical Experiments on Shock Wave Diffraction around Ramp Splitter Using Small- and Large-Scale Shock Tubes

Paper abstract:

Compressible flows around splitters have attracted the interest of many experimental and numerical studies. This interest is largely motivated by the need to understand the physics of gas dynamics phenomena which are crucial in the analysis of the performance of aerodynamic devices. However, the experimental studies on shock wave diffraction have been done on conventional small-scale experimental shock tube which reveals spatial and temporal limitations. The wave reflected from the walls of the test section interferes with the evolution of the shear layer and its associated vortex. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is not restricted to labora-tory-scale model. It simulates flow patterns of large-scale shock tube that are difficult, expensive, or impossible to study using measurements. Moreover, CFD predicts results for all desired quantities with high resolution in space and time. The present numerical research is dedicated for diffraction of compressible flow around 172o ramp splitter for small- and large-scale shock tubes. Both scales are realistic sizes that are likely to be found in the real life applications. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to achieve a better understanding of spiral vortex evaluation and the associated Kelvin–Helmholtz instability with and without the interference of the reflected waves from boundary walls. The four-time larger-scale model allows the flow evolution at longer times without interaction with reflected waves from the top and bottom walls of the shock tube. The present numerical method is a cell centered finite volume. The second-order AUSM+ scheme is applied to calculate the in viscid fluxes of the Euler equations. The simulations are performed using quadrilateral mesh. The base level mesh has 13,919 and 32,345 cells for the small- and large-scale shock tube, respectively. Mesh adaption of five additional levels each refined by a factor of four is applied in regions where density gradients in all directions exceed 5% of the local normalized value. The present study investigates the flow field for two incident planar shock waves of the Mach number 1.31 and 1.59. The numerical schlieren images of small-scale shock tube diffraction reveal excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental shadowgraphs. It is found that the formation of shock features is well captured in terms of shape, size, and position with time. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the weak and strong shock waves reveal distinct flow characteristics. The numerical simulations interpret and gain a solid understanding of the ongoing processes of the complicated flow fields of shock-shock and shock-vortex interactions that are not covered by experiment shadowgraphs.

201

Name: Eng. Abdul Rahman Mohammed Shaman Al - Ruwaili

Work place: King Saud University - Royal Saudi Air Force

Job title: Engineer


Paper title: TWO - STAGE EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM RECIRCULATED PART OF AIR LEAV-ING

Paper abstract:

This project shows a two stage evaporative cooling system as a modification of a desert cooler. Using of evaporative cooling system was common process for long time in past. In fact the main objective is to control speed of fan relative to humidity and temperature. In this cooling system external heat exchanger with pads and water will be used before the evaporative cooler to accomplished indirect contact with incoming air. That is not all, the feature process in this project is recirculation of the upper exit air from the air conditioner. The outlet air from the heat exchanger supplies the evaporative cooler. The inlet temperature to the system expected to be around 40ºC in summer and the outlet temperature from the system expected to be much less than that in case of a direct evaporative cooler. The expected efficiency of this system will be more than 100%. The additional effect due to the recalculated air will be investigated while the efficiency of the direct evaporative cooler is to be less than 100%. The cooling efficiency expected with approach that of the conventional cooling systems but with much less power consumption.

202

Name: Eng. Omran Hasan H Bu Khamseen

Work place: Eastern Morris Cranes



Paper title: Evaluating The Most Convenient Type of Steam Generators for Saudi Projects

Paper abstract:

Saudi power plants mainly use Water Tube Boiler (WTB) type because of the significant advantages this type has over the other types of boilers. Water Tube Boiler has major basic elements which are the combustion air, the feed water and the fuel needed to make up steam. After the steam is generated, Water and Steam Cir-culation System (WSCS) and Superheat Steam System (SSS) are taking place in Water Tube Boiler in order to supply the generated steam to the required conditions which are quantity, temperature and pressure. A study by Saline Water Conversion Corporation prove that Water Tube Boiler gives a higher output, higher efficiency and take shorter time to raise steam when compared to Fire Tube Boiler. In addition to the mentioned pros of WTB, Water Tube Boilers utilize both gas and oil and not suitable for coal making it more convenient for Saudi projects. The purpose of this paper is to identify the Water Tube Boiler as the most proper type of boilers used in Saudi power plants.

203

Name: Eng. Asim Ahmed Hassan Nashwan (speaker) & Saeed Khalil Mahmoud & El Shennawy Abdel Hamid El Shennawy & Mr. El Sayed El Sayed

Work place: Zuhair Fayez & Associates Engineering Consulting Co



Paper title: Study performance evaluation solid desiccant bed is internally cooled by a finned tube heat ex-changer

Paper abstract:

Have increased in the past years, the use of absorbent materials to moisture in the air dehumidification operations and considered the best in economic terms in order to control moisture and reduction for areas with high humidity and is used in industrial applications as well as in air conditioning applications at the same tem-peratures and high humidity location, and they do not need to compounds normal cooling mile compounds flu-orocarbon, and also allow the use of energy sources with low temperatures such as solar energy and waste heat instead of electricity. The solids dried (desiccants) are most commonly used for this purpose. Silica gel is the best solids in this area because it has pores on the surface of the particle dramatically increasing their ability to adsorb large amounts of water vapor, and also because their physical properties and increase the ease of ther-mal regenerator desorption (regeneration) of water vapor through heating. In the present work, an experimental investigation on the adsorption and desorption operations in an internally cooled solid desiccant bed has been made. Experimental system involves a finned tube heat exchanger containing particles of silica gel, the adsorp-tion test bed is a parallelogram from galvanized steel (30x28.8x28 mm) which is tested at different air flow rates and different of particles silica gel. The inlet and exit air temperature and relative humidity, air velocity, the inlet and exit water temperature and water flow rate are measured. Moisture removal rate is calculated. The results show that the internally cooling significantly enhances the performance of desiccant bed and the adsorption process can be done at nearly isothermal process. The enhancement in bed performance can be more than 50% due to internal cooling, the maximum dehumidification efficiency with inter cooling is nearly about 0.9, while the maximum dehumidification efficiency without inter cooling is nearly about 0.7. Moisture removal rate sharply increases by increasing air flow rate in both adsorption and desorption processes. Increasing the regeneration temperature significantly improves the desorption performance of the bed for example by increasing it from 41.5 Celsius to 63 Celsius the moisture removal rate increases from 2.8 g/s to 5.4 g/s the increase in moisture removal rate can be more than 100% at some times, regeneration temperature less than 60 Celsius are sufficient to regenerate the bed at the specify experimental outdoor conditions. Key word: adsorption, air, desorption, re-generation, silica gel, temperature, water.

204

Name: Dr. Hadi Ali Madkhali

Work place: Jazan University

Job title: Faculty Member


Paper title: MODELING AND SIMULATION A HIGH PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR THERMOELEC-TRIC GENERATOR

Paper abstract:

A new and optimum design of a STEG has been developed for attaining an increased efficiency of 21.6 %. The new design consists of three cascaded thermoelectric materials. In addition, it includes two glass panes, a selective solar absorber, two radiation shields, and forced air cooling system. The design is modeled theoreti-cally and numerically using ANSYS software.

205205

Approved Papers

206206

Name: Dr. Hadi Ali Madkhali


Job title: Faculty Member


Paper title: MODELING AND SIMULATION A HIGH PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR THERMOELEC-TRIC GENERATOR

Paper abstract:

A new and optimum design of a STEG has been developed for attaining an increased efficiency of 21.6 %. The new design consists of three cascaded thermoelectric materials. In addition, it includes two glass panes, a selective solar absorber, two radiation shields, and forced air cooling system. The design is modeled theoreti-cally and numerically using ANSYS software.

207

Name: حسام ديب محمد خير الوزان

Work place:شركة ديفوتيم

Job title:استشاري إدارة المشاريع


Paper title: Benefits of Project Management Certification

Paper abstract:

This paper examines the business value of Project Management certification for Engineers. The three questions this study investigates are, “What value does certification give project managers?” “What value does certification give organizations?” and “How can organizations encourage project managers to pursue certifica-tion?” In answering those engineers who come to me looking for advice on pursuing a project management cer-tification or training, I give them the benefits to the engineer who understands project management principles.

208

Name: AYUB ELAHI

Work place: University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan



Paper title: The Effect of various Mineral Fillers on Self-Compacting Mortar

Paper abstract:

In this research, the effect of various mineral fillers on the fresh and hardened properties of self-com-pacting mortar was evaluated. Various levels of mineral fillers, in the form of quarry dust and marble powder, were added in the mixes as a replacement of binder. A total of 21 mixes were prepared having powder to sand ratio equal to 1:1, 1:1.25 and 1:5. Fresh as well as hardened properties were assessed. The results indicate that a content of mineral fillers up to 10% by weight of binder as a partial replacement of binder can be used for man-ufacturing self-compacting mortar as per EFNARC-2002. Increase in filler content resulted in the loss of work-ability even with slight increase in SP dosage. Compressive strength and flexural strength were also decreased with increase in filler content as compared to those of control mix. Formulations of crystals, determined from Scanning Electron Microscopy results, also verified the compressive strength results.

209

Name: Omer Mohsin Mubarak

Work place: Al Jouf University



Paper title: Review of satellite navigation – Trends and Challenges

Paper abstract:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applica-tions when the first satellite was commissioned in 1977, but in the 1980s it was made available for civilian use as well. Since then, there has been an enormous increase in its applications and demand. US government had introduced intentional error in GPS called selective availability. This resulted in error of tens of meters in posi-tioning calculation for all users except those authorized by the US military. This was deactivated in May, 2000. However, the concern remained that it may be activated again at times of conflict. It was one of the reasons for development of satellite systems by other nations. Some of the other systems have global coverage and termed as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), while some are called as Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (RNSS) which only cover a specific region. Examples of GNSS are Chinese Beidou, European Galileo and Rus-sian GLONASS apart from US based GPS. Example of RNSS is Indian NavIC. In addition to these independent systems, there are also satellite based augmentation systems which are used to improve accuracy of existing systems. Examples of such systems are US based WAAS, European EGNOS, Japanese MSAS and Indian GA-GAN. In light of the above, it is important for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to have its footprint in this emerging field in line of its 2030 vision. Therefore, this paper discusses components of GPS, signal structure of civilian GPS signals, algorithms and design for a GPS receiver and sources of error in positioning. It also provides brief overview of other GNSS, RNSS and satellite based augmentation systems.

210

Name: Hazim M Abdulwahid

Work place: Hazim Ibrahim Engineering Consulting

Job title: President


Paper title: Recent Advancement in Structural Identification and Condition assessment of Highway Bridges Assessment

Paper abstract:

Throughout the last decade, sensing technologies and innovative paradigms have been revolutioniz-ing the manner in which signature infrastructure systems are being assessed, diagnosed, and preserved, but they remain infeasible for the “run-of-the-mill” assets that make up the vast majority of the infrastructure sys-tem. Whether one considers their sheer numbers, their broad spatial distribution, access constraints, or funding shortages, the solutions available to the top echelon of infrastructures are not economically feasible for the masses. The research presented herein aimed to develop and validate novel, self-contained systems capable of: 1) performing rapid modal impact testing, model identification, and load rating of common multi-girder bridges, and 2) performing rapid assessment of bridge deck condition using the RABITTMsystem.

211

Name: Islam Mohamed Abd AlFatah Sharaf

Work place: EMC

Job title: Business Developer


Paper title: Simulation of Saudi Arabian Airlines System

Paper abstract:

This is a computer simulation project in which case study of Saudi airline office in Al mouruj square has been done. In this project we try to build the simulation model of the system to study its performance measures. The different performance measures for this system are Time in system, Queue Length, Server Utilization, Time in Queue for different Queues in the system… etc. The system comprises of an information disk where all the customers first go to this desk, eight servers and two series queues. In this we have modeled our system using the ARENA Software which is a computer package for simulation. The objective of our study is to analyze the system through its various performance measures and then to give a better alternative if possible. The simula-tion is done for the rush hours or the peak load hours i.e. After ASR Prayer from Saturday to Wednesday. The data which is important for the study is collected and then the best distribution is fitted to the data points using Arena input analyzer. Then the Visual network was developed and run on Arena to get the output for the simulation. Then the output is analyzed to determine the appropriate number of runs for the simulation model developed. And we made some improvements in the and analyzed it.

212

Name: محمد عبدهللا محمد البوزيد

Work place: مستشار تطوير أداء حر - المعهد األمريكي للتدريب و التعليم - نيفادا

Job title: مستشار تطوير أداء - مفكر منظومي و أخصائي مسار عمل


Paper title: The unreasonable guild for Maintenance & Quality through Systems Thinking

Paper abstract:

Maintenance Organizations following traditional THINKING spend a great deal of their budget and time performing maintenance required by Operations Functions. This practice resulted in building a MENTAL MODEL that the role of Maintenance Department is to satisfy their Operations counterparts. Operations personnel’s are considered the CUSTOMER of Maintenance functions and determine the priority of maintenance activities and budge. This way of THINKING has resulted in increased maintenance cost, equipment down time and decreased availability. Opportunities for drastic decrease on current maintenance cost, time and backlog exist. Uncovering these opportunities require working at the THINKING level, changes in Mental Models and redefinition of KPI’s. This paper will introduce how adopting different way of thinking can create a major shift on how work is being done in Maintenance and Operational functions and gain these opportunities. It will present a general overview of how maintenance organizations can benefit from adopting “Systems Thinking” Methodologies to create a major shift in the role they play in organizations. Topics that will be discussed in this paper include; quick Fixes model. Model of Understanding Current Reality. The Hero & Scapegoat model. Redefinition of KPIs. How to have a Helicopter view “Understanding your Organization as a System”. The Art of Doing Nothing - Eliminating the No Value work. Shifting from Break-Fix to PM.

213

Name: إبراهيم بن صالح محمد المعتاز

Work place: كلية الهندسة، جامعة الملك سعود

Job title: أستاذ الهندسة الكيميائية


Paper title: Future Perspectives and Design Innovation of Multi-effect Desalination Technology

Paper abstract:

Desalination has now become an important water resource in several countries around the world where a shortage of water is a serious problem. Energy consumption is a vital economic factor in selecting the type of desalination processes because current desalination processes require a large amount of energy which is costly. Multi-effect desalination technology with thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) is particularly more attractive than other thermal desalination systems due to its low energy consumption. It is expected to a major role in the production of freshwater in many regions of the world, especially in the GCC countries. MED-TVC is characterized by high-performance ratio, easier operation, low maintenance requirements and simple geometry. These attractive features make MED-TVC highly competitive to other well-established desalination techniques which include the reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination. In this work, the influence of innovative design and operating variables on the performance of the MED-TVC process will be investigated. These parameters include the number of evaporation effects, motive steam pressure, top brine temperature, the temperature difference across effects and feed water temperature. The current and future aspects of the MED-TVC technology will be reviewed in view of the latest installed plants.

214

Name: محمد سليمان صالح العضاض

Work place: ارامكو السعوديه

Job title: مهندس عمليات


Paper title: Upgraded API oil separators EH&S benefits

Paper abstract:

API oil separators are systems designed to separate oil in industrial waste water. The nature of this pro-cess is posing environmental, health and safety concerns. The old API oil separators didn’t insure the total iso-lation of these threats and with Saudi Aramco huge investments in EH&S Riyadh Refinery decided to upgrade its API systems. The new API separators are an environmentally friendly solution with a better separation which lead to a better economical results. With this new system less hydrocarbons go with the waste water and its insures better employee health by capturing all gases known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This leads to a conclusion that new technologies can be beneficial to both EH&S and economics.

215

Name: احمد محمد ابراهيم السنوسي

Work place: مركز الدكتور عاصم بن طاهر عرب لإلستشارات - الرياض

Job title: المدير التنفيذي


Paper title: Critical Success Factors to Applying Organizational Project management governance in Construc-tion Organizations in MENA Region.

Paper abstract:

The concept of corporate governance is not applied except a small number of organizations in the Mid-dle East, due to the absence of a culture of governance and the lack of clarity about the importance of its application. That, corporate governance in the Middle East is imperative because of the significant impact on the performance of organizations positively. Determining the factors and Causes for lack of governance in the required size will be the key and the entrance to the success of the application. Construction Organizations’ gov-ernance is imperative to realize the Organization’s strategic objectives as long with achieving the required project management performance’ objectives. The governance of (OPM) in Middle East region is severely impacted by several factors; this paper states in detail the most critical factors for the successful implementation of (OPM) in Middle East region. Keywords: Governance, Construction Organizations governance, Organizational Project Management Governance, MENA region.

216

Name: Boker Othman Boker Agili

Work place: PhD student at Texas Tech University

Job title: Teacher Assistance


Paper title: One Mega Hybrid PV System for Industrial Loads in deregulated Power Systems.

Paper abstract:

We tried to design one mega PV system to serve for industrial loads, this paper was part of final project report. The study done to show the step by step design process and finally the paper concluded by economical short analysis for pay off period.

217

االسم : خالد بن عبدهللا هويدي المطيريجهة العمل : الدفاع المدني

المسمى الوظيفي : ضابط عمليات اطفاء وانقاذ برتبة رائد مهندس[email protected] : البريد االلكتروني

اسم ورقة العمل : الحماية من الحريق في المباني تحت االنشاء


تســلط الورقــة العلميــة الضــوء علــى تدابيــر الحمايــة مــن الحريــق فــي المبانــي تحــت االنشــاء و الواجــب مراعاتهــا فــي كل مرحلــة مــن مراحــل تنفيــذ المشــروع. تختلــف اشــتراطات الســالمة بإختــالف الخطــر القائــم فــي كل مرحلــة .كمــا أن هنــاك اشــتراطات عامــة للحمايــة مــن الحريــق فــإن الورقــة لــم تغفــل االشــتراطات الخاصــة والتــي يجــب مراعاتهــا اثنــاء البنــاء. برامــج منــع الحريــق فــي هــذا النــوع مــن المشــاريع لهــا اهميتهــا حيــث أن وجــود برنامــج معــد مســبقا يقلــل مــن فــرص حــدوث الحرائــق. شــهدت الســعودية العديــد مــن الحــوادث فــي المبانــي تحــت االنشــاء تــم ذكــر اهمهــا فــي هــذا التقريــر واســبابها والحلــول المناســبة لمنعهــا. كمــا أشــارت الورقــة العلميــة الــى اهــم المراجــع و االكــواد المعتبــرة والتــي يمكــن اتباعهــا لتقليــل خطــر وقــوع الحريــق. هنــاك مبانــي مؤقتــة فــي نفــس مواقــع االنشــاء تــم التطــرق الــى بعــض االشــتراطات التــي يجــب اتباعهــا عنــد بناءهــا. كمــا ان اخــر جــزء مــن الورقــة تطــرق الــى اهــم النقــاط التــي يمكــن االســتفادة منهــا فــي حــال صادفنــا مشــروع بنــاء مــن نــوع مختلــف كبنــاء

الســفن علــى ســبيل المثــال.

218

Name: Saud Khlaif Al Hamdan

Work place: Royal Commission of Jubail & Yanbu

Job title: Construction Projects Support Manager


Paper title: Construction Quality Management in Royal Commission

Paper abstract:

Quality is a broad subject that can be simply defined as “the customer satisfaction”. The construction industry quality stands on 4 pillars: - Safety. Scope. Time. Cost. From these pillars we can define construction quality as “completing a project, with no accidents, within the set schedule, and budget”. This paper will focus on one of the Quality pillars which is the Scope of work. We mean by scope of work as the technical side of the proj-ect that includes the project’s drawings, specifications, and execution & installation methods. (The term quality from now onwards will refer to Scope only) Quality in construction starts before the actual construction works kickoff. The design stage is the first stage where we define what we need to execute, what is the specifications we need to follow and much more. The level of clarity & completeness of the design directly affects the quality of the construction. The bidding stage is the second stage that has great impact on the construction quality. A complete, clearly defined bid document is essential for bidders. Having a good filtering system that can filter out unqualified bidders is very important for the construction quality results. The construction stage is the stage of actual construction work. There are curtain procedures and many tools that are used during construction to monitor the Quality of work. This is what we refer to as the Quality Assurance & Quality Control. The Royal Com-mission for jubail & Yanbu implement’s a complete system that approves personnel, prequalify vendors, approve material, and inspect the final product of every construction activity until the project is complete. Finally, all of the previous stages, Quality tools and methods are limited without sustainable procedures that insures continues improvement is made whenever necessary, and efficiency is sought through quality methods such as 6Sigma.

219

Name: Anas elsayed saleh

Work place: جدة

Job title: مدير تنفيذي


Paper title: 3D printing world

Paper abstract:

Additive manufacturing is the newest technology of manufacturing by adding layers of manufactured material to each other to form the needed product. Although the technology is known for two decades [1] and is used in prototyping industry from an extended period but it is still a new technology for end products activity. Additive manufacture main advantage is it can manufacture complex parts, customize the products easily, re-duce the material used to minimum, but it has although disadvantages and limitation from the limited volume of products, the type of material used in manufacture, also the relatively higher price for machinery cost. From point of view of decision maker does the additive manufacture reduce the production cost than the regular ways and to which industry? At this paper, we will make a comparison between the cost price of additive manufactured product and a traditional way manufactured product in three products with different industries. To verify the re-duction of cost in these products and fields using the additive manufacturing.

220

Name: أحمد بن صالح بن أحمد األحمد

Work place: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Job title: Graduate Assistant


Paper title: Implementation of FACTS and VSC-HVDC in Power Oscillation Damping Using Different Control Strategies.

Paper abstract:

The rapid expansion of power systems and diversity of power generation sources have surfaced the ne-cessity of improving the current conventional grid to a smarter, more flexible and more controllable grid. These improvements are ultimately achieved by the implementation of the concepts of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technologies. This paper shows the improvement of transient stability and power oscillation damping when FACTS and HVDC are implemented. Three controllable components will be studied and further controlled by three different Power Oscillation Damp-er (POD) signals which will be designed based on Residue Method (RM) and Control Layapunov Function (CLF), respectively. The devices are Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Voltage Source Converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC). The majority of contemporary power systems lack the aid of FACTS and HVDC devices due to the relative paucity of conducted research and obscurity of practical instal-lation. Simulation results of a case study system with and without controllable components will be presented and a comparison of power oscillation damping of different signals and devices will be provided. Index Terms— con-trol Layapunov function (CLF); FACTS; HVDC; lead-lag filters; modal analysis; power oscillation damping (POD); residue method; single-machine-equivalent-method (SIME).

221

Name: محمد سعد السعيد عيسي

Work place: المركز القومي لبحوث البناء و االسكان - مصر

Job title: أستاذ


Paper title: A Detailed Immediate Deflection Model for FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams.

Paper abstract:

The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement for concrete structures has increased lately due to their corrosion resistance and non-magnetization properties. In this paper a theoretical study of immediate deflections of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer bars (FRP) is presented. The theoretical study is based on experimental results for immediate deflections extracted from four different ref-erences. Branson’s equation for the effective moment of inertia is modified and used along with twelve other equations from the literature to calculate the deflections and compare with the experimental tests. The modified equation for the effective moment of inertia gives the best agreement with the experimental results when used for calculating the immediate deflections.

222

Name: اسامه محمد محمد احمد

Work place: جامعة المنيا - كلية الهندسة

Job title: استاذ دكتور


Paper title: Repair of low concrete strength columns

Paper abstract:

The columns is the main element in the buildings so the defects in the columns is a main reason of the failure of the buildings. In the last years’ time many of building were constructed using concrete have low com-pressive strength due to many defects like the low quality of the used materials or bad quality control in the time of construction or bad curing of the concrete . The low quality of concrete is more effective in the columns more than other concrete elements. The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior and efficiency of using steel angles and strips (steel cage) in strengthening low compressive strength reinforced concrete square columns. An experimental program was conducted on twenty axially loaded column’s specimens till failure. The com-pressive strength of the columns concrete, strip shape and spacing, were the main studied parameters in this paper. From the test results it was concluded that using this strengthening method is very efficient and a gain in the axial load capacity of the strengthened columns was obtained. This gain was clearer in low compressive strength concrete columns.

223

Name: Dr. Muhammad Arshad

Work place: King Khalid University Abha



Paper title: Options for solving the issues of electricity consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .

Paper abstract:

The population of Saudi Arabia has increased by 138 percent since 1985. The domestic energy demand is growing at an unsustainable high rate of about 7.5% annually. The current electricity demand has jumped to 171 percent as compared to 1984 demand. At this pace, by 2028, Saudi Arabia energy demand growth could require 8.3 million barrels of oil-equivalent per day as compared to today’s 3 million barrels of oil per day which is roughly an increase of 177 %. To mitigate increase in land surface temperature (LST) and release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in addition to reducing tremendous pressure on power plants, an urgent emergen-cy action plan is required to cope with the situation of urban heat island (UHI). In this presentation, a map of land surface temperature (LST) is produced for Abha Khamis-Mushayat in the Asser region by utilizing satellite remote sensing techniques to assess the high temperature regions and then a solution is provided to mitigate the current energy crisis by the application of solar reflective paints and proper plantation of vegetation. It is expected that application of this technique will reduce the pressure on power plants in addition to release of greenhouse gases (GHG).

224

Name: هاني علي عبدهللا العطاس

Work place: شركة الكهرباء السعودية

Job title: أخصائي هندسة نقل طاقة ومدير مشاريع


Paper title: Tools and Techniques for Managing Electric Utility Projects and its Unique Setting.

Paper abstract:

A project is a teamwork to plan and achieve a particular objective. Project involves several activities to be performed from start to the final objectives of project completion. While proper planning and scheduling is very important in construction projects for execution and monitoring and controlling project to meet the particular organization objective within time, cost and quality required. Substantial amounts of time, money, are wasted yearly in a construction projects due to improper scheduling and tracking. In Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), the planning of mega projects requires huge amount of paperwork and processes, which can be streamlined with proper utilization of project planning software such as Primavera P6. A project schedule is developed by the project team that clearly states the various project work breakdown structure (WBS), milestones and activities in detail and method of statement how the project will be executed, so that is clear by project team, stakeholders and contractor. By establishing policies that will standardize projects around a specific methodology or project approach with proper methodology, unified project schedule templates, and emphasizing various fields that are often ignored in the development of a good project schedule with the help of primavera software. The proposed study started on year 2015, and was approved for implementation to actual projects including the publishing of the “Project Schedule and Controlling Manual – 2016”, which is now in circulation with the company’s Asset Management Archiving System – an archiving platform of the company that can be access to all project engi-neers and authorized contractors. The project methodology and project schedule template is now being used as a benchmark for managing projects and the bases for implementing a Project Management Office- Informa-tion Technology (PMO-IT) solution that is built on the Oracle Primavera and Unifier. The goal of this project is to proposed further improvements and offer innovations in the project scheduling and control practices based on PMBOK 5th and best practices by SEC project engineers using Primavera software tool which newly introduced to the company which is being implemented currently as a part of PMO-IT solution. This project discusses the following: 1.1. To introduce the tools and techniques for managing electric utility projects and its unique background; 1.2. To utilize a project schedule software - Primavera P6; 1.3. To present new methods in project scheduling and control with Primavera P6, EVM, and other project tools. 1.4. To apply a unified project sched-ule template for substation, overhead transmission line, underground cable projects; 1.5. To employ progress schedule performance for fixed prices contract using earned value management; 1.6. And, to further improve project management by using lessons learned.

225

Name: Ahmed Mohammed N Al Bedah

Work place: SABIC

Job title: Principal Engineer


Paper title: Value Improving Practices ( VIPs) , as the best approach for maximizing the business value on MEGA Projects Development And Execution Phases .

Paper abstract:

VALUE IMPROVING PRACTICES (VIPS), AS THE BEST APPROACH FOR MAXIMIZING THE BUSINESS VALUE ON MEGA PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION PHASES Ahmed M. Al-Bedah SABIC. Engineer-ing and Project Management [email protected] ABSTRACT Value Improving Practices (VIP) are worldwide considered as the set of best practices applied during project development and execution phases, reflecting the added value on business drivers during the project life cycle. Value Improving Practices also demonstrate that the Value Assurance process during project lifecycle is more than just a routine review, or validation of checklists. It focus on ensuring the systematic compliance of ongoing project activities, deliverables and milestones. It also emphasis on potential improvements of built-in work processes through project’s gating system, and support the case for better understanding in integrating value management within project management. The important role of value and knowledge management within the project environment requires certain focus on such best project practices as a definable work processes, which all must be analyzed and implemented during the project phases, from pre-feasibility study until the project close out. All this will result in substantial improvements in project safety, cost, schedule, quality and final product reliability. This paper lists the most performance effective VIPs during project phases, showing the definition and objectives of VIPs and how essential they are for project success, improvement of projects deliverables and successful project delivery. A discussion from the technolo-gy selection as the earliest value gain during project concept and feasibility until the last VIP used at the end of project phase. This paper will be supported by tables and charts showing where each VIPs need to be analyzed and implemented. In addition, how the best practices show the engagement of SME (Subject Matter Experts) in brainstorming sessions to evaluate the needs of applying VIPs to provide a best fit to the project environment and within the strategically framework. Conclusions will show the final benefits and value added to the projects, which are the key success factors to meet SABIC 2025 business strategy.

226

Name: احمد فتحي محمد صالح

Work place: جامعة بيشة

Job title: استاذ مساعد


Paper title: Influence of Different Mineral Admixture on the Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self- Com-pacting Concrete (SFR-SCC).

Paper abstract:

This experimental study paper investigate the strength of steel fiber across the fresh and mechanical behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains different cementing replacement material (CRM); the ex-periments have been done were the workability and mechanical characteristics of SCC. Steel fiber might be enhancing the characteristics of concrete by bridge the cracks to provide warning of impending failure. The parametric study where steel fiber content, fly ash, silica fume and microwave incinerated rice husk ash (MIR-HA). The workability characteristics such as flow ability, filling ability and capacity segregation were examined by slump flow, L-box and V-funnel testes respectively. In other hands the compressive and splitting tensile strength were selected to perform the mechanical properties. The final results are actually analyzed and an indicated that the optimum amount of steel fiber could be incorporated in this mixture was 2.0 % by the weight of total binder since the steel fibers have heighten the compressive strength of SCC mix.

227

Name: فارس جمال عبدهللا قشالن

Work place: الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء

Job title: مهندس نووي - مفتش حماية وسالمة إشعاعية


Paper title: Novel Techniques in Educating New Cyclotron Users

Paper abstract:

The field of nuclear engineering and physical engineering are widely used in many medical facilities, this project is to study all positive aspects in cyclotron field and reduce the negative aspects, and to assist nuclear medicine departments to have good quality of medical services and to get high quality types of radiopharma-ceuticals for diagnosis and treatment. We designed and a manufactured two products to develop cyclotron field, after we trained in KFSH&RC in Riyadh we’ve seen some deficiencies in the system and we have decided to have a solution for them, and these products were chosen after many case studies there. Trying to take advan-tages of the unclear field, and its contribution to medical field, we started with a Cyclotron Anatomy prototype to assists all nuclear engineering students to study all nuclear principles and all operating principles of cyclotron so that they can have better understanding. And also we designed JAVA language software for Cyclotron produc-tion and information searching to assists the workers and technicians to have a trusted reference for radiophar-maceuticals production information and to know about all-important information, production skills and to open more avenues for new research.

228

Name: نايف فليح خلف العنزي

Work place: جامعة الملك سعود

Job title: معيد


Paper title: How the urban street classification system affects the physical environment of the street and its design: An International review of the literature.

Paper abstract:

This paper summarizes an international literature review and recent studies on urban street classifica-tion systems over the last 20 years. Much existing literature on street typologies focuses on one-dimensional, vehicle-based street classifications, while fewer studies have considered multi-dimensional systems to classify streets based on several characteristics. The traditional road classification system was focused on the move-ment of general vehicle traffic, with no consideration of other transport modes, and street design followed this track. This approach has resulted in a huge amount of concerns and inequality in the treatment of multi-modal, road-based transport systems. Urban street typologies need to recognize the importance of providing complete transportation networks for all modes, rather than an urban road hierarchy system designed for only one mode – the private car. Multi-dimensional street classifications also recognize the importance of the ‘place’ function, with streets representing important destinations in the city. In addition, several street classifications have been developed that also take into account the significance of land use patterns and densities that represent the cur-rent situation of street layout and the surrounding built environments around the urban street. Most large cities in Saudi Arabia have adopted similar, motor vehicle-based street classification systems and associated design manuals, but experience a high level of traffic congestion. Also, these cities have witnessed a rapid demographic growth that now represents the biggest challenge to providing mobility. In this context, the major urban problem for the large cities of KSA is their metamorphosis into modern-designed cities choked with high volumes of traffic. The paper argues that street classification systems influence street design and consequentially vehicle and pedestrian behavior. Street classification provides the means of defining the functions of different types of urban streets, and better understand how the classification system is related to the different types of street activities and the planning, design and operation of the street. At present, this concept is not well recognized or considered, in particular regarding the impact of classification on street design and pedestrian access to public transport stations. This topic has been addressed extensively in Northern American, European, and Australian research, but not in Middle East cities, where little attention has been paid in the academic literature. This study hopes to give transport planners a better understanding on how changes in street classification could help to encourage more sustainable patterns of mobility and, in particular, pedestrian access to metro stations and local connectivity, and so encourage greater use of streets as attractive places for communities, with application to cities in the KSA.

229

Name: abdulaziz ali banawi




Paper title: A Framework to Implement Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology into buildings Projects in Saudi Arabia.

Paper abstract:

Saudi Arabia’s market share in construction industry considers being the highest with 43% within Gulf Countries Council (GCC) while the United Arab Emirates comes second with 29% (Deloitte 2015). According to a report published by Deloitte in 2013, new contracts awarded in 2012 were worth about $24bn and are expected to go up to $52bn in 2015, about 10% of Saudi Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, construction is one of the main contributors to environmental pollution, both in waste generation and carbon emission. Accord-ing to market research, 75% of waste in the SA comes from construction, and buildings are responsible for 40% of carbon emissions. Therefore, a slight improvement to this sector could have a considerable impact on capital expenditure and environment. To elaborate more, a 10% saving on contracts could save $5bn a year, resulting in efficiently executed projects. This is where Building Information Modeling (BIM) can deliver immense benefits to the building industry, especially by cutting capital cost on construction projects, reducing risks occurrence and delivering sustainable construction projects in line with the Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. Applying a methodology such BIM, the SA’s building industry could be better off by as much as $5-10bn (a 10-20% saving on construc-tion projects) and have a digitally empowered sustainable infrastructure and environment (White 2015). Howev-er, implementing BIM in SA is not taking a fast base for many reasons. This study proposes a systematic frame-work to help stakeholders implementing BIM methodology to deliver and manage the construction of projects.

230

Name: وفاء محمد محمد أحمد عرنده

Work place: المركز القومى لبحوث االسكان و البناء

Job title: مدرس بالمركز القومى لبحوث االسكان و البناء


Paper title: Assessment of the management approach for a construction and demolition solid waste recycling station (case study)

Paper abstract:

Waste Management is one of main practices for achieving Sustainable construction (SC). The Imple-mentation of Construction and Demolition solid waste management (CDWM) has a remarkable positive impact on environmental, social and economic sides of any society. This paper is a case study that aims to assess two different management approaches of C&D solid waste recycling station in according to their environmental, social and economic impact. The recycling station is located in new Cairo city in Egypt. . Taking into account the available resources as main factor that limits the approach selection; this research is conducted through the following steps: 1) Assessing the economic and environmental impacts of the currently selected management approach, 2) Identifying the required improvements to avoid the negative impacts on economic and environment of the currently selected one , and 3) Proposing an alternative management approach that have remarkable advantages from the environmental and economic perspectives. This paper has found that the variation in the available resources is the keyword for the long term implementation of any CDWM system. Therefore, the de-cision maker should decide on a flexible management system that can be modified according to the available resources and that has the minimum negative impact environmentally and economically Key Wards: Sustainable construction, C&D solid waste management, assessment, management approach.

231

Name: Mohamed Salih Salman Mohamed

Work place: JENSEN HUGHES

Job title: Consultant


Paper title: Case Study: Fire Safety during Construction of Jeddah Tower.

Paper abstract:

The paper is proposed to address the experience in the fire safety considerations during the construction of Jeddah Tower located in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Jeddah Tower is planned to be the world’s tallest building in the world with an approximate height of 1,000 m. JENSEN HUGHES has been appointed by the main contractor to serve as a third-party international fire safety consultant to review fire safety features and to inspect the fire safety condition during construction. Jeddah Tower being designed and constructed as a super-tall building, features interesting challenges and solutions to the fire safety hazards and risks during construction. The paper is planned to start with a quick overview of the building design and the construction approach. The presentation will include key highlights on basic fire safety requirements in accordance with NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding, Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operation, being considered an international refer-ence for fire safety during construction. The presentation is intended to show the importance of effective plan-ning for fire safety provisions and the potential for enhancements in order to mitigate risks associated with fire incidents in such super-tall buildings. Thereafter, the presentation will address the fire safety features including the following: • Water-supply design for firefighting operations during the construction of platforms, and con-crete floors. This will include information about phasing of the water supply system and the riser configuration that utilizes the cost-effective role of gravity in providing the hydraulic performance. • Implementation, function-al concept, and challenges associated with providing a temporary fire alarm system as an enhancement beyond the common practice during construction. • Means of egress considerations including but not limited prioritizing the construction of permanent exit stairs, temporary handrails, exit signs, and emergency lights. • Emergency response practices by the main contractor which includes the following: o Construction of a fully-equipped crisis management center o Presence and qualification of firefighting team’s o Coordination between firefighters and project safety team for incident reporting and action plan. o Hazard identification, housekeeping practices, hot work permits, and fire watch teams • The value of monthly site visits performed by the international third-par-ty fire safety consultant in: o Tracking of the construction progress in relation to availability of the appropriate means of egress and water supply system o Observing the adherence to the original fire safety plan and con-siderations o Reporting of visit findings. o Assistance with planning and witness of testing and commissioning of newly installed fire protection systems o Meetings with the project safety team and with firefighting team to observe their operational process, to discuss any issues that may arise, and to advise on any proposed recom-mendations for enhancements o Submission of the monthly report to Civil Defense The readers will benefit from this case study in understanding the importance and the value of effective planning for fire safety considerations during construction. The presentation should demonstrate a basic summary of the technical aspects related to the best practices in fire safety during construction of super-tall buildings.

232

Name: Abdelhakim Naif Ibrahim Abdelhadi

Work place: PRINCE SULTAN UNIVERSITY



Paper title: Maintenance Scheduling Using Group Technology Concept

Paper abstract:

Many manufacturing companies are attempting to implement a number of different approaches to-wards the maintenance of their manufacturing systems as part of an effective manufacturing strategy in order to survive in a highly competitive market. Such a process of selecting a suitable maintenance strategy is highly complex and strategic in nature. This paper aims to implement group technology to cluster the maintainable machines and schedule their maintenance as part of a company’s manufacturing strategy. We consider a clus-tering problem in conjunction with the application of a group technology to establish clusters of maintainable machines based on their need for maintenance according to the time to failure then group the maintainable items according to the type of failures they can encounter. In the first stage, we group the machines according to their time to failure using single linkage clustering, then in the next stage, we conduct a pairwise comparison be-tween machines to schedule maintenance as based on their similarity of the type of failure they can encounter. Group Technology is a methodology that identifies and exploits the common similarities among the attributes of a set of objects and clusters them into cells. Cellular manufacturing is an application of group technology to manufacturing. In cellular manufacturing, machines, usually dissimilar in function, are grouped into a cell. Such cells should be ideally responsible for the processing of a group of parts called part-family (parts with similar processing requirements). In this research, Agglomerative hierarchical method will be used, particularly, single linkage clustering will be used were items are joined together according to the shortest distance between them (maximum similarity). Groups are developed by joining the closest items based on their highest similarity, and then a tree diagram representing items at different levels of similarity is created using the developed distance (similarity matrix). The result will group machines based on the type of failures they can encounter which lend itself to the reduction of scheduling process and standard process plans can be developed to complete the job in each cell. Spare parts needed for maintenance will be ordered in economical quantities which will help in cost reduction. Machine grouping will have a positive influence on human resource management and spare parts management. Keywords: Maintenance, Group Technology, Clustering, Spare Parts.

233

Name: Abdelhakim Naif Ibrahim Abdelhadi

Work place: PRINCE SULTAN UNIVERSITY



Paper title: Investigating concrete compressive strength using different ratios of Cement, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash (FA)

Paper abstract:

Investigating concrete compressive strength using deferent ratios of Cement, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash (FA) In this research, Design of Experiment (DOE) method is used to come up with a mathematical equations that can be used to predict the compressive strength of concrete using def-erent ratios Portland Cement, Fly Ash and GGBFS on 7, 14, 28 days. Fly Ash is a by-product of coal-fired electric generating plants, while Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is a by-product of steel production process in blast furnaces. Both of these materials are available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as bi-products. Using the developed equation will minimize the usage of cement, and hence will help protect the environment. The results of this research are promising and have the potential to be expanded to verify its output. Keywords Design of Experiment, Fly Ash, GGBFS, Concrete compressive strength.

234

Name: Anas Taher Mohammed Ahmed

Work place: Consulting office

Job title: Engineer


Paper title: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN MORTAR USING FLY ASH AS BINDER WITH COMPLETE ELIMINATION OF CEMENT

Paper abstract:

The emission of greenhouse gases due to the process of cement production leads the scientist to search for alternative material. On the other hand, fly ash as product of igniting coal in power plant causing another environmental issue and cost to dispose to landfill. Replacing cement with fly ash is environmental friendly and economizes cost of cement production and fly ash disposal. It also minimizes the emission of greenhouse gases which lead to Sustainable Development. This study investigates the compressive strength of mortar using 100% of fly ash with complete elimination of cement. The mix is activated using chemical activators NaOH, Na2SiO3 and Ca(OH)2. Four mixes were prepared with 50% chemical activator (Hs) and another four mixes were prepared with 30% chemical activator (Ls). These mixes were compared with one control mix using cement as binder material. Using normal room temperature for curing, all mixes show increase in strength over time with different increment level. The compressive strength was measured at three days, seven days and twenty eight days. Mixes like H3 and H5 show significant increase over time especially from age seven days to twenty eight days with almost 350% increment. In general mixes Hs, which have more chemical amount, have higher compressive strength than mixes Ls. The other major factor affect the compressive strength is the chemical ratio between the three chemical. The maximum compressive strength were obtained at 28 days with mix H5 at 40 MPa and mix H3 had similar strength. These two mixes have the same amount of sodium hydroxide solution which explain the similarity between these mixes.

235

Name: ANOOP KOOTHOOR UNNI

Work place: RIYADH

Job title: LEAD ENGINEER -SOLAR


Paper title: Renewable Energy Storage System

Paper abstract:

Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar produce power on intermittent basis solar during the day and wind at night. For energy to be used efficiently, and to combat sudden spikes and dips in energy pro-duction, the application of a local energy storage system is deemed necessary. Manufacturers of renewable en-ergy system are involved in research and development of energy storage technology in order to meet the grow-ing need. A natural combination with solar PV, energy storage systems are becoming increasingly popular in both on and off-grid applications. Lithium-Ion battery applications represent the most commonly available form of energy storage, and recent advances in t Lithium-Ion and lead-acid batteries have spurred rapid adoption of energy storage systems and related technologies. Energy storage encompasses a wide range of technologies, from molten salt used for heat storage at Concentrated Solar Power facilities, to flywheels used for mechanical storage in vehicles, wind turbines, and other similar applications. Battery storage system projects have recently achieved commercial application and its will be more in future. Energy storage system can be utilized in many applications to maintain and increase grid security. Energy storage system are going to take lead role in the future

236

Name: Hassan Ali Mohammed Al Abdullah

Work place: جامعة ام القرى كلية الهندسة الصناعية بالقنفذة

Job title: معيد


Paper title: Developing A Competences Matrix to Enhance the Knowledge and Skills of Freshly-Graduated Safety Engineers Based on Industry Needs

Paper abstract:

Safety engineers have an essential and critical role in preventing accidents and injuries, minimizing cost, and in maintaining the progress of all work sectors, such as manufacturing, construction and service industries by Simplify and coordinate operations in a safe manner and avoid downtime in the event of an accident. In spite of this, the role of safety engineers has been underestimated in KSA for several decades. Fortunately, safety awareness has been growing in recent years and, consequently, the demand for this profession significantly has increased. However, a notable shortage of safety engineers in KSA exists. For this, the industrial sectors have to recruit expatriates to fill the gap or sometimes recruit engineering graduates from various disciplines. Some of these disciplines offer limited safety engineering courses, whereas others do not. In all cases, the graduates of such engineering disciplines do not have sufficient knowledge and skills for the effective performance of the safety engineer roles and tasks. In other words, the competencies of graduates in this profession are lower than expected. This was proved and confirmed from feedback notes received from industries and engineering alum-nus. Lack of competencies in safety and health occupation can lead to serious errors and losses. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for universities, particularly engineering colleges, to improve their curricula and adapt them to the growing needs of safety engineers, taking into account the knowledge and skills that should be fulfilled or attained by completion of the credits required for graduation. This will allow graduating safety engi-neers to be well equipped with appropriate competencies that the human resource managers in all sectors are interested in and seek for. Based on these, the knowledge and skills required by Saudi industries for the junior Safety Engineer job were identified in this study; a competencies matrix was developed design the appropriate engineering curricula to fulfill these requirements; and improvement of the engineering curricula was proposed to enhance the freshly-graduated safety engineers’ knowledge and skills based on the developed competen-cies matrix.

237

Name: علي ناصر آل زايد

Work place: جامعة الطائف

Job title: أستاذ مشارك


Paper title: The Performance of Natural Ventilation Wind Catchers in Mosques: Experimental Study

Paper abstract:

Wind catchers can be considered as the optimum solution of energy saving and thermal comfort in mosques located in arid and windy regions in Saudi Arabia. In the present paper, the performance of natural ven-tilation wind catchers in mosques is experimentally investigated. A small scale model for a typical mosque with different wind catcher shapes is designed. The experimental measurements were carried out according to the local climate conditions of Taif city in Saudi Arabia. The incident wind speed on the wind catcher model is mea-sured using a CFM/CMM thermo-anemometer while the internal as well as the external temperature are mea-sured using a digital RH20-data logger. The experimental measurements showed that the wind catcher model can make effective natural ventilation inside the mosque which leads to a reduction of the internal temperature to an extent of about 12oC less than the outside air temperature. This can provide the mosque with good thermal comfort conditions and can save a large amount of electrical energy used for air conditioning purposes.

238

Name: د. عمر بن عبد الرحمن بن مهل الرحيلي

Work place: جامعة طيبة

Job title: أستاذ مساعد


Paper title: SAFETY CULTURE ASSESSMENT IN GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRUCTION SITES AT SAUDI ARABIA

Paper abstract:

Safety is an essential issue for organizations to survive, especially for hazardous industries such as the construction industry. The construction industry is considered to be one of the major industries that help in the growth of the economy and the civilization infrastructure of all countries. Recently, scholars have paid increasing attention to the concept of safety culture due to its role in decreasing the occurrences of accidents and injuries. Safety culture has become the focus of all industries and has received a lot ofmuch attention in recent years, especially in within the construction industry. Absence of safety this culture is a major cause of injuries and accidents in the construction field. In the construction industry, per-sonnel’s perception of safety culture is vital to prevent accidents or behavior misconduct. Also, focusing on personnel’s safety culture on construction sites provides an opportunity to decrease risks and unsafe behaviors to improve the overall safety level. Workers’ performance and behaviors are shaped by their awareness and view of safety culture inside their work environment. Generally, safety performance in the construction field is still unsatisfactory based on reporting records. The present study observed the influence of safety culture on construction’s personnel’s safety performance on large gov-ernmental construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Construction personnel’s safety performance was is measured by their attitude toward violations and error behaviors. This research also examined exams the role of personnel’s motivation toward construction safety as a mediating variable between construction safety culture and safety performance constructs, in-cluding error and violation behaviors. The research adopted a quantitative method by using a questionnaire for the purpose of data collection and analysis. A total of 434 questionnaires were collected from construction personnel including project managers, engineers, and supervisors through their voluntary participation in this study. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data collected including descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation mod-eling (SEM) techniques. Confirmatory factor analysis is used for validating each factor with its measurable items. Finally, this study applied the concept of structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the correlation between all latent variables in the study’s conceptualized model. The study’s outcomes of the study show that safety culture has a direct influence on construction personnel’s attitudes toward violations and an indirect effect on construction personnel’s errors behavior. Furthermore, safety culture has a significant effect on improving safety motivation for construction safety, as well. Safety motivation for construction safety has a direct effect on errors behaviors. Conversely, safety motivation does not have a mediating effect on construction personnel’s attitudes toward violations. Therefore, safety motivation’s mediating role was significant only between safety culture and errors behaviors. This research has added to the existing research knowledge about the important part of safety culture as a key interpreter of safety performance in construction field. The current study contributes to psychological safety through examining the influence of safety culture as the interpreter for enhancing safety motivation for construction safety. Also additionally, this research evaluated safety culture’s influence on construction per-sonnel’s attitudes toward violations and construction personnel’s error behavior. The outcomes of the study are useful and recommended to be used by construction management to better pinpoint the reasons for unsafe behaviors in within the construction field industry. The results of this research highlights management’s role in determining, and affecting, workers’ attitudes and behaviors.

239

Name: Zakaria Saleh Ali Alhelal


Job title: Civil Engineer


Paper title: Controlled Low Strength Material: A Flow able, Self-Compacting, and Fast-Setting Fill Material

Paper abstract:

Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) is a self-compacting, low strength cementations material that can be used as backfill in lieu of compacted fill material. CLSM has significant advantages and applications if used in projects. The lack of knowledge and experience among local construction contractors and concrete suppliers in Saudi Arabia limits the use of CLSM. CLSM, like concrete, is premixed and poured from a mixer truck by chute or pump. This benefits the speed of backfilling and safety of the construction workers, especially in confined spaces. Additionally, uniformity and quality control of the material is substantially improved when compared to compacted fill. And, its low strength allows its future removal if necessary. While combining the convenience of concrete placement procedures and the behavior of a well compacted soil fill, CLSM main ap-plication is backfill at locations of difficult/limited access, critical locations or on an accelerated schedule. CLSM has a proven track record in roadway crossing trench backfill as demonstrated by state DOT’s and municipalities increasingly specifying CLSM as the preferred method of backfill for their utility improvement projects. Other common applications include utility bedding, void filling, and bridge approaches retrofit. CLSM can also be en-gineered for specific applications: Fluidized Thermal Backfill (FTB) is specifically designed to dissipate the heat generated by underground electric transmission cables within city streets or on rural wind farms. Unlike many native soils, FTB provides consistent heat dissipation along an entire transmission line. Whereas CLSM has been in use in the US and other countries since the 1960’s; and it has been recognized and reported by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 229R) and other widely recognized industry associations, in Saudi Arabia its use is in a very early stage. The lack of experience and knowledge of this material is by itself the greatest challenge when attempting to use it; suppliers and construction contractors react extremely cautious when approached with it as an alternative to traditional backfill methods. The presentation introduces the Controlled Low Strength Ma-terial properties, typical uses and benefits. The covered topics are: 1) Material Description, 2) Typical uses and applications, 3) Benefits, 4) Standards, 5) Mix Design and Properties, 6) Production and Placement, 7) Quality Control and 8) Case studies.

240

Name: Rusheed M S Al-dossari

Work place: Esnadee Company

Job title: CEO


Paper title: A New Approach to Cleaning/Blasting of Industrial Equipment

Paper abstract:

Dry ice is the name given to carbon dioxide when it is in a solid state. It is colorless, non-flammable, and extremely cold. Dry Ice started being sold commercially for personal and industrial usage. Dry ice does not melt, instead it sublimates, meaning the solid turns directly into a gas (bypassing the liquid state) as the temperature rises and the solid begins to dissipate and this what make it an excellent alternatives for sand blasting or oth-er cleaning methods for industrial equipment. The most significant recent application of dry ice is blasting (or cleaning) in which dry ice pellets are hurled at a surface to be cleaned at high speed. The pellets strip the surface of the contaminants, sublimate into the atmosphere, and leave behind no toxic gases.

241

Name: د. بندر بن عبدالرحمن بن محمد الخيال

Work place: Prince Sultan University, College of Engineering, Department of Engineering Management



Paper title: MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING OPTIMIZATION FOR REVERSE SUPPLY CHAINS

Paper abstract:

Modern supply chains are typically linear, transforming virgin raw materials into products for end con-sumers, who then discard them after use to landfills or incinerators. Nowadays, there are major efforts underway to create a circular economy to reduce non-renewable resource use and waste. One important aspect of these efforts is the development of Reverse Supply Chain (RSC) systems to enable a reverse flow of used products from consumers back to manufacturers, where they can be refurbished or remanufactured, to both economic and environmental benefit. This work develops novel multi-objective optimization models to inform RSC sys-tem design at multiple levels: (1) strategic planning of facility location and transportation logistics; (2) tactical planning of optimal pricing; and (3) policy planning to account for potential valuation of RSC emissions. First, physical linear programming was applied to evaluate RSC facility placement by determining the quantities of end-of-life products for transport from candidate collection centers to remanufacturing facilities while satisfying cost and capacity criteria. Second, disassembly and remanufacturing processes have received little attention in industrial engineering and process cost modeling literature. The increasing scale of remanufacturing opera-tions, worth nearly $50 billion annually in the United States alone, have made RSC pricing an important subject of research. A non-linear physical programming model for optimization of a pricing policy for remanufactured products that maximizes total profit and minimizes product recovery costs, was examined and solved. Finally, a deterministic equilibrium model was used to determine the effects of internalizing a cost of RSC greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into optimization models. Changes in optimal facility use, transportation logistics, and pricing/profit margins were all investigated against a variable cost of carbon, using case study system created based on actual data from sites in the Boston area. As carbon costs increase, the optimal RSC system undergoes several distinct shifts in topology as it seeks new cost-minimal configurations. A comprehensive study for quantitative evaluation and performance of the model has been done using Orthogonal Arrays. Results were compared to top-down estimates from economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) models, to contrast reman-ufacturing GHG emission quantities with those from original equipment manufacturing operations. Introducing a carbon cost of $40/t CO2e increases modeled remanufacturing costs by 2.7%, but also increases original equipment costs by 2.3%. The assembled work advances the theoretical modeling of optimal RSC systems and presents a rare case study of remanufactured appliances.

242

Name: SABEER ALAVI

Work place: KHULAIS

Job title: FACTORY MANAGER


Paper title: PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE POLE - Pioneer in Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

The commonly used electrical, lighting & telecommunication transmission poles in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are made of steel poles. These are high cost; bear the less ultimate load, less stability, more maintenance. Despite the heavy weight and poor aesthetically pleasing appearance of them, those poles could stand ahead of steel and wooden poles due to their comparatively low cost and durability. However the rising material and labor costs in production of normally reinforced concrete poles, urges the pole production industry to find new low cost alternatives. Prestressed spun concrete poles are lighter and stronger, and they require less reinforcing steel. The concrete is generally in compression, so cracking is unlikely except from rough handling, and the con-crete that is used is usually of higher strength so it can withstand the prestressing operation. Due to the special manufacturing process, in which the poles are spun at high speeds, they have a smoother surface that is denser and less permeable. This lower permeability in combination with the absence of cracks prevents corrosion of reinforcement or prestressing wire. With the use of 60MPa concrete prestressed poles can be made even stron-ger and more slender. Operational life of a transmission line with prestressed concrete poles is about 50 years. The cost of prestressed concrete poles is usually less than steel. Steel poles are lesser stability when compare to concrete spun pole. Prepressed concrete spun pole is very good in corrosion resistant when compare to steel poles. Prestressed concrete spun pole normally direct burial installation is used, no concrete in the pit. Pre-stressed concrete spun pole is initially good aesthetic appearance and smooth surface. Also nobody can climb the pole without special equipment, which enhances security. This paper presents an experimental investigation of ultimate strength of prestressed concrete poles, its design, its manufacturing method and its merits over other types. These poles are designed as per 20-SDMS-03; specification of Saudi Electricity Company.

243

Name: Mohammed Salah Abbas Mayhoub

Work place: Al-Azhar University -Cairo - Egypt



Paper title: Windpipe system: A proposed innovative natural ventilation system

Paper abstract:

Natural ventilation has great potential to improve indoor air quality, enhance thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption in buildings. Although traditional strategies have been proven efficient, they are not as applicable to contemporary architecture needs as to vernacular architecture. The current system is proposed to overcome the barriers to implementation of the traditional wind catcher (Malqaf), which will be adapted and improved in order to provide a simple and effective wind driven mean of ventilation for even the most demand-ing buildings. The proposed system aims to minimize the required space for airway and to provide a separate ventilation device for each ventilated space. The proposed system consists of three main parts: wind collector, guidance means and air diffuser. The wind collector will be aerodynamically shaped to increase air suction. The air guidance means channel the collected air from the collector to the diffuser that is wall or ceiling mounted in the ventilated space. Normal pipes will be used as air guidance. Pipes quantity and diameter/length ratio will be designed to maintain the required airflow rate. To reduce the occupied space by the system, pipes diameter is sought to be 4” at most, by which they can be imbedded in building walls. To prevent noise and odour transfer, a separate set of pipes will be assigned for every ventilated space. The development of the proposed system will be progressed through three phases. The first phase, which is presented in this study, establishes the theoret-ical base and design criteria and investigates the system’s potentials, challenges and feasibility. In the second phase, computational fluid dynamic simulations and sensitivity analysis process will be carried out to determine the most influential parameters on the system design. In the third phase, a scaled physical model will be built and a prototype will be installed to examine the system performance and to optimize the system configurations.

244

Name: أحمد أحمد عبدهللا الزبيري

Work place: جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز

Job title: باحث


Paper title: Design of E-Grocery Delivery and Pickup Models Using Simulation

Paper abstract:

In the era of information revolution, the retailing industry has significant opportunity to reach every single individual through Internet. Online Grocery Shopping (OGS) is the new promising business. Nowadays, famous food retailers are competing in this business. One of the major challenges facing this industry are the costs associated with Order Picking and Home Delivery operations. A proper and early application of OGS model in a particular society will attain sustained competitive advantage that takes long time for competitors to mimic it. This paper proposed two cost-efficient models for OGS, Order Picking and Home Delivery. Those models are designed and verified using simulation. Controllable variables are optimized in order to reach the best allocation of resources within the framework of the assumptions made. One of the major food retailers in Jeddah is consid-ered for data collection and analysis. The results show that the proposed models are cost- efficient and it could be applied to be part of an operational strategy for profitable entrepreneur project. The study recommends food retailers to start implementing the OGS, following a proper operational strategy (included in the research). This strategy is based on the principles of courage and caution to exploit the opportunities and overcome the chal-lenges. In terms of simulation models, it is recommended to develop those models to be as a control tool rather than just decision support tool, after feeding it with extreme data and improving the user interface.

245

Name: Ahmed Osama R Khoja


Job title: Research associate/ lecturer


Paper title: From Sustainable Buildings to Sustainable Districts: Barriers and Chances

Paper abstract:

The building sector is responsible for about 40% of energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in the EU. Giving that most of the existing building stock in the EU is built before the first thermal regulations of 1970, thus retrofitting of the existing building stock is considered to be the most promising strategy to reach the EU energy savings target for 2020 and 2030[2]. However, the traditional approach of building retrofitting has returned poor results, as it is still far below the necessary annual retrofitting rate of 2, 3% to reach the EU GHG emissions targets. Therefore, the whole district retrofitting approach is proposed in order to fulfill the EU-tar-gets, to accelerate the rate of retrofitting and to support the necessary building-retrofitting market. The district retrofitting approach allows to considering all buildings located in the same district as an entity. In this case the application of retrofitting measures is not limited to single buildings only but can be applied on district level by exploiting synergies and interactions between buildings and their surrounding infrastructure and environment. Indeed, the creation of sustainable districts can be treated as the point where sustainable buildings and the sustainable urban planning meet. Though planning retrofitting concepts for single buildings is a challenging task and the complexity for planners on district scale increases significantly. Acting on district scale planners have to consider how implemented measures on single buildings may affect the implementation of measures for other buildings located in the same district and the whole district sustainability performance. In order to find the op-timum solution in terms of sustainability for the whole district planners have to consider several criteria like the total impacts on the environment, the life cycle costs, the return of investment as well as social impacts of the planned measures. Moreover, in order to gather all the needed information for a sensible planning process and to achieve the most effective results planners have to cooperate with all involved stakeholders in a well-coor-dinated and structured way. In this presentation the authors will elaborate to the audience the integrated sus-tainable district retrofitting design methodology developed and district sustainability assessment KPIs that were developed under number of EU funded R&D projects. The developed methodologies and KPIs are supported by special district information modeling (DIM) tool that allows assessing the district performance on the early stage, to investigate the possible retrofitting scenarios and to monitor the results. Furthermore, the lessons learned and the results of implementing these methodologies and KPIs on real sustainable district retrofitting case studies Europe are going to be discussed.

246

Name: Eslam Mahmoud Hassan Nofal

Work place: University of Leuven - KU Leuven

Job title: PhD researcher


Paper title: Media Architecture Approach for Communicating Saudi Built Heritage Values

Paper abstract:

Saudi built heritage assets are not just physical objects, but also communicate particular meanings and values over time. Our built heritage can therefore be characterized as a communication process, in which each artefact potentially carries different types of information that visitors are invited to perceive and interpret differ-ently. These information types tend to vary from factual or quantitative information (e.g. monument functions or building date), which are relatively easy to represent, to more tacit qualities and values (e.g. architectural quali-ties, cultural values, associated stories, etc.) that due to their abstract and subjective character are typically more challenging to transfer to visitors. However, there is new perspectives for these tacit qualities and values of built heritage to be communicated to the community by the means of interactive technologies, such as the stories which are associated to monuments or heritage sites. Therefore, we introduce media architecture as a novel and promising approach for communicating qualities and values of built heritage to the community in large. Media architecture comprises the integration of various forms of interactive or dynamic displaying technologies within the built environment, in order to passively or interactively broadcast information to their immediate vicinity. As one of the forms of media architecture, we believe that projection mapping is able to provide immersive and memorable experiences, by projecting particular geometries onto the façades of the historic buildings. We ar-ticulate how media architecture can be introduced within the domain of built heritage, as a method to amplify its communication potential. In fact, we argue that media architecture provides novel and promising approach to trigger and enhance the societal communication of qualities and values of built heritage. We propose further studies are required to reveal the full potential of media architecture within Saudi built heritage. For this, we propose a case study of built heritage that has the potential to communicate its historic story by using the archi-tecture of the building.

247

Name: Saleh Mohammad Seraj Saadawi

Work place: Retired recently from National Water Company

Job title: Senor Manager of Projects


Paper title: THE STRATEGIC RESRVOIRS PROJECTS IN JEDDAH CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

Paper abstract:

The purpose of the Strategic Reservoirs Program is to prevent water supply disruption to Jeddah and provide secure water supply by storing large volumes of desalinated water for the purpose of using the stored water during emergencies and during unpredicted situations. The Program consists of the following projects: § Briman-Phase 1: Capacity 2 million m3-completed Feb 2016 § Briman-Phase 2: Capacity 1million m3- 95% completed § Al Faysaliah-Phase 3: Capacity 1million m3- 60% completed the following cases present con-struction problems and challenges: - § case no.1: poorly consolidated concrete in tank 1 wall (honeycomb). § Case no.2: post tensioning bar failure. § Case no.3: strategic reservoir in alfaysaliah- soil condition. § Case no.4: strategic reservoir in alfaysaliah- roof type. § Case no.5: enabling pipework’s in each case the following will be discussed: 1) Description of the problem. 2) Impact of the problem. 3) Actual repair procedure. 4) Future consid-eration to prevent not to occur again

248

Name: Safaa Mahmoud Ragheg Abd El Hamed

Work place: Housing& Building National Research Center

Job title: استاذ مساعد بمعهد بحوث الهندسة الصحية والبيئية


Paper title: Treatment of paper industry waste water of water recycling and fiber recovery

Paper abstract:

Industrial waste water is one of the most important sources of water pollution. This study represents the need to reduce this problem by using different processes, which depends mainly on the use of aluminum sulfate (alum). This study has been at the lab. The bench scale tests were carried out on plain and chemical precipitation on waste water effluent from Middle East Paper Company (SIMO). The treatment efficiency determined accord-ing to BOD, COD and TSS removal. Different doses of alum were examined during this study. The optimum alum dose was 30 ppm. Alum can achieve higher removal efficiency than ferric chloride for the same dosage. Using anionic polymer increases the removal efficiency of BOD, COD and TSS which consequently decrease the op-timum alum dose. Other coagulant as ferric chloride was not preferable for waste water treatment and recycling due to brownish color of the produced water. It was also found that the stream of treated waste water defined by the Egyptian code of practice for the reuse of treated waste water for industrial purposes.

249

Name: Hanafy M. Omar




Paper title: Enhancing Automatic Control Learning through Arduino Projects

Paper abstract:

Systems dynamics and automatic control is classified as one of the toughest courses in the college of engineering at Qassim University according to the statistical analysis of the final grades. This motivates us to think about a new trend in the teaching of this course by extending the term project to include experimental part beside the theoretical analysis. This trend becomes feasible due to the publicity of the low-cost microcontrollers in the recent years and the increase of their use in numerous number of projects in different fields. We chose to use Arduino in the control projects because of its low price, its compatibility with many sensors and actuators and the huge number of experiences gained from using it worldwide. The objective of this paper is to document and share the experience of enhancing teaching automatic control through these Arduino-based projects. The objective of the term project in its new format can be summarized as follows: 1. appreciating the value of feed-back control in real life applications. 2. Identifying the components of the standard control loop. 3. Supporting the theoretical study. 4. Gaining hands-on experience in dealing with real time control. 5. Improving the team management skills. 6. Support the concept of long-life learning. The implementation of the term project with the experimental part starts in the fall semester of 2015 with simple projects such as light tracking system and temperature control. Then, more projects are added in the next semesters. We started with one Arduino module and little experience in dealing with this kind of microcontrollers. Through four semesters, we gained a lot of ex-perience and a considerable number of implemented projects with different actuators and sensors.

250

Name: بندر عبيد محمد الفراج

Work place: Amec Foster Wheeler And Partners Engineering Company

Job title: Graduate construction engineer


Paper title: Analysis of the “Public Works Contract” Clauses influencing Project Performance in KSA

Paper abstract:

خــالل الثــالث عقــود الماضيــه. تشــتكي شــركات المقــاوالت واللتــي تعمــل مــع القطــاع الحكومــي العــام مــن ضعــف عقــد األشــغال العامــه مــن ناحيــه بنــوده وطريقــه صياغتــه واللتــي تكــون بشــكل كبيــر مــن صالــح المالــك. مــن خــالل بحثــي قمــت بتحليــل عقــد األشــغال العامــه تحليــل كامــل ومقارنتــه بعقــود الفيديــك ) الكتــاب األحمــر ( واللــذي يعتبــر عالميــا مــن العقــود الممتــازه واللتــي تقــوم بإنصــاف األطــراف الثاللثــه ) المالــك والمقــاول والمهنــدس ( وإضهــار مناطــق الضعــف الموجــوده فــي عقــد األشــغال العامــه وعمــل توصيــات لتعديــل هــذا العقــد لمــا للعقــود اثــر علــى تحســين اداء المشــاريع الحكوميــه فــي المملكــه العربيــه

الســعوديه وتحقيــق لرؤيــه الممملكــه لعــام 2030.

251

Name: Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud abd elrazik




Paper title: Application of building energy code for commercial building (case study: club house building in new Cairo) Application of building energy code for commercial building (case study: club house building in new Cairo)

Paper abstract:

Abstract Building energy represents one of the main sectors that require sustainability in different coun-tries all over the world. Thereby for the importance of this sector different research programs have been held to evaluate energy performance in commercial, residential and governmental buildings for the aim of establishing scientific solutions for efficient use of energy. Furthermore, most of the countries have established building ener-gy code to enhance energy efficiency in different building sectors and minimize harmful emissions. In this paper one of the commercial buildings is used (club house in one of the compounds of New Cairo) to apply building envelope requirements that is required by the Egyptian code for energy efficiency in buildings. The Design Build-er Simulation program was used as a tool to assess the energy performance via drawing the building model in the program and specifying the weather data input files furthermore specifying the physical and thermal prop-erties (walls- fenestrations- roofs), specifying the air condition and its schedule of the club house under different variables and calculation of the energy efficiency for each applied treatment to the case study. The application of Egyptian energy code and more for the case study has enhanced the energy consumption for the building by 36% Keyword building- energy code-saving energy – design builder –simulation

252

Name: محمد علي حسين شعالن

Work place: شركة عقارات للتطوير و التنمية

Job title: مستشار التقنية


Paper title: Digital transformation initiatives in real estate sector in the light of 2030 vision

Paper abstract:

Abstract: The 2030 vision has considered digital transformation among the national strategies that have significant effects. The national transformation program (NTP) 2020 has identified five common digital platforms and 29 essential digital initiatives for key sectors to support government digital transformation. This identifies an umbrella that combine various technologies, competencies and business processes. Purpose The main purpose of this Study is to show a case study about some digital transformation initiatives that have affected the real estate sector in Saudi Arabia pointing out their influence and the resolved challenges. Additionally, will discuss how real estate organizations need to respond the next trends in their industry. Methodology and approach This Study aims to explain the digital transformation in a nutshell starting with definitions, pillars and the associated ecosystem. Next it confers the techniques to help the real estate businesses in generating new customer value propositions. Furthermore, it describes fitting the fast-changing customer requirements by transforming the operating models and developing new portfolio of capabilities to foster flexibility and responsiveness. The role of strong governance and risk management throughout the transformation journey will also be discussed. Find-ings There exist plenty of governmental and private sector initiatives to actively engage real estate stakeholders and create value. This includes itmam, real estate index and the explorers of various cities. Customer interaction with these initiatives was greatly positive enhancing open collaboration and accelerating innovation. However more space is available for improvement such as data mining, land indexing, deeds manipulation and reporting automation. Practical implications more transparency was viewed, process speed was increased and stake-holder’s decisions became mature. Private real estate stakeholders were obliged to cope with the governmental initiatives and to focus on reshaping the operating model to optimize the value chain around points of customer engagement. Originality/value This Study is unique in providing real estate stakeholders with a cohesive plan for integrating their long history in real estate operation with digital transformation initiatives to cope with the future and align with the 2030 vision.

253

Name: MOHAMMED HUSSAIN ALI ALMAKHALAS

Work place: NA

Job title: NA


Paper title: Smart Home System Implementation Using Arduino Platform

Paper abstract:

Countless number of advanced home devices provides home automation system, although the smart home security system recommends other advantage that can guarantee the protection of home .The system that has been developed in this paper is designed for indoor security that cover security threats like fire etc. as well as outside security violation by any intruder. The study is aimed to offer an intelligent solution for home security that follows assessment dynamically with the help of the sensor devices. The system mainly consists of LCD, Keypad, 3 types of sensors and RTC module. PIR sensor is capable of detecting interference whereas gas sensor and humidity and temperature sensor is proficient with detecting changes of air nature before fire breakout and able to give audible signal. Keypad security code to arm and disarm the system and LCD to display text messages. The noble feature in this system is the independent RTC module that records the entire event. At the end the system is constructed as inexpensive and operational to fulfill the rising demand as well as the real resolution.

254

Name: Shahzad Ali

Work place: Abu Dhabi UAE

Job title: RBI Engineer


Paper title: 5W & 1H Technique for Inspection Optimization through RBI

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT Instead of Run-To-Fail or Interval-Based-Inspections, Risk Based Inspection (RBI) technolo-gy has introduced the industry with a new vision of maintaining the asset integrity in terms of 5W&1H tool. This tool stands for; Who – Competent person/s who perform engineering study and inspection on site What – Pro-cess plant / unit / equipment & piping systems (assets) Why – Anticipated damage mechanisms and risks of failure Where – Potential locations of damage i.e. TML/CML How – Applicable NDE techniques When – Inspec-tion Interval and prioritization of inspections Among qualitative, quantitative and semi-quantitative RBI meth-ods, semi-quantitative approach is highly sponsored as it clearly focuses and answers all the requirements of 5Ws&1H tool. Qualitative method can evaluate quicker but is more sensitive to the extent of the experience of the analyst. Quantitative method involves us in more detail and calculation and provides more accuracy but still needs competent person involvement in the inspection planning. Semi-quantitative method uses speed of qualitative and details and accuracy of quantitative that concludes a highly optimized comprehensive inspection plan. The shortcomings of calculated inspection plan from quantitative approach e.g. different inspections with different inspection intervals and without covering the equipment fittings and accessories like nozzles, connec-tions, anchor bolts etc. this gas can be managed by using the comprehensive inspection plan by utilization of 5W&1H tool strategy of semi quantitative approach. Key words: RBI, Damage Mechanisms, TML/CML, NDE, Inspection Plan.

255

Name: Jamel Orfi




Paper title: Overview and Assessment of the Performance of Gas Turbine Power Plants with Inlet Air-Cooling technologies under the weather conditions of Riyadh

Paper abstract:

The power generation sector is one of the most important and growing sectors in the world and in Saudi Arabia. Gas turbines are widely used to produce electricity particularly in inland regions. Their performance is affected by several parameters including the ambient air temperature and humidity. Such a performance de-creases significantly when air temperature and humidity go to higher values. Therefore, cooling ambient air before entering the gas turbine units is important. One of the most important cooling techniques in addition to mechanical vapor compression and absorption cooling is evaporative cooling. In this work, a review of the main cooling technologies used with gas turbine power plants is presented. Several configurations of single and hy-brid TIAC systems are proposed and their respective performances are evaluated under the weather conditions of Riyadh. Typical gas turbine units of 42, 70 and 85 MW capacity at ISO conditions are used in the simulations. Important indicators that can be followed to select the optimum TIAC systems for desert areas are proposed.

256

Name: Jamel Orfi




Paper title: Overview and Assessment of the Performance of Gas Turbine Power Plants with Inlet Air-Cooling technologies under the weather conditions of Riyadh

Paper abstract:

The power generation sector is one of the most important and growing sectors in the world and in Saudi Arabia. Gas turbines are widely used to produce electricity particularly in inland regions. Their performance is affected by several parameters including the ambient air temperature and humidity. Such a performance de-creases significantly when air temperature and humidity go to higher values. Therefore, cooling ambient air before entering the gas turbine units is important. One of the most important cooling techniques in addition to mechanical vapor compression and absorption cooling is evaporative cooling. In this work, a review of the main cooling technologies used with gas turbine power plants is presented. Several configurations of single and hy-brid TIAC systems are proposed and their respective performances are evaluated under the weather conditions of Riyadh. Typical gas turbine units of 42, 70 and 85 MW capacity at ISO conditions are used in the simulations. Important indicators that can be followed to select the optimum TIAC systems for desert areas are proposed.

257

Name: Tarek Moustafa Elsokkary Mohamed


Job title: Director of Raw Building Materials and Processing Technology Research Institute


Paper title: Innovation and Sustainable of Green Building Materials by Using Waste of Steel Industry to Pro-duce Binding Material (Zero Energy)

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) acts as a green building material can be described as friend as well as environment in which no firing process occur so it will reduce energy consumption CO2 emission. Also, no limestone will be used so there is no CO2 liberated at decomposition like in (OPC). The raw materials of alkali activated binder, are solid waste materials that present by large amounts, cheaper than those of Portland cement, more economically due to saving of fuel, time and efforts GBFS is a by-product of the metal-lurgical industry and consists mainly of lime and calcium–magnesium aluminosilicates that defined as the glassy granular material formed by rapid water cooling of molten slag resulting in amorphous structure and converts the molten slag into fine sized aggregate particles (smaller than 4 mm). Alkali-activated slag (AAS) binders have taken a great interest from researchers due to its lower energy requirements as well as lower emission of greenhouses gases with respect to the manufacturing of Portland cement. The present work aims to study the activation of granulated slag with 6 % of alkali mixture by weight of granulated slag composed of 1:1 and 5:1 sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate respectively. The effect of sea water as mixing water and curing medium under tap water as well as in humidity up to 90 days was studied. In this paper, the physic-chemical properties of alkali activated slag pastes were studied. The results indicated that the activated pastes mixed with sea water and cured in humidity give high value of combined water, bulk density and compressive strength than those cured under tap water from 3 up to 90 days. The identification of activated pastes was also investigated by TGA/DTG, IR spectroscopy and scan electron microscope. The optimum value of sodium hydroxide and liquid sodium silicate, which gives the higher physic-mechanical value, is 1:1 SH: LSS in each curing media (humidity and tap water) as saturated pastes or dried at 105 OC.

258

Name: محمد بن علي مباركي


Job title: Dean


Paper title: السالمة المهنية في صناعة التشييد

Paper abstract:

حمايــة العامليــن فــي صناعــة التشــييد مــن إصابــات العمــل مســئولية كبيــرة تقــع علــى عاتــق العامليــن أنفســهم واإلدارات المســئولة عــن هــذه الصناعــة. إن إدارة الصحــة والســالمة المهنيــة ))OSHA تذكــر فــي لوائحهــا أن المقــاول الرئيــس يتحمــل المســئولية الكاملــة عــن ســالمة الموقــع ألنــه يراقــب جميــع األعمــال بمــا فــي ذلــك أعمــال المقــاول مــن الباطــن المســئول عــن ســالمة عمالــه فــي الجــزء الخــاص بــه، وتلعــب )OSHA( دور كبيــر وصــارم فــي تحقيــق متطلبــات الســالمة للعامليــن فــي صناعــة البنــاء والتشــييد مــن خــالل مرحلتــي التصميــم والتنفيــذ كمــا ذكــرت الئحتهــا بأقســامها الفرعيــة المختلفــة, وتشــترط وجــود مهنــدس تحكــم هندســي ألن األبحــاث وجــدت عالقــة ســببية بيــن التصميــم وســالمة العامليــن. تقــول إحصــاءات المنظمــة الدوليــة للعمــل أنــه فــي كل ثالثــة دقائــق توجــد إصابــة عمــل تــؤدي للوفــاة وأن قطــاع التشــييد ثانــي أخطــر قطــاع يســجل إصابــات وأكثرهــا تســببا في حوادث العمل ولعل ذلك يرجع الى بيئة العمل المفتوحة والواســعة والتي يحتاج العامل فيها الســتخدام اآلالت ذات الوظائــف المتعــددة، اســتخدام المــواد الكيميائيــة، ولصعوبــة توفيــر عامليــن لديهــم المعرفــة والخبــرة الكافيــة للتعامــل مــع ظــروف وطبيعــة العمــل. إن المخاطــر التــي قــد يتعــرض لهــا العاملــون فــي مهنــة التشــييد متنوعــة ولعــل حمايــة بيئــة العمــل مــن التلــوث بنوعيــه الفيزيائــي والكيميائــي يعتبــر عنصــرا مهمــا فــي الســالمة المهنيــة وأمــرا مفصليــا, كــون حــرارة الجــو والضجيــج فــي الموقــع والتعامــل مــع الغــازات والمــواد الســامة هــي ممــا يتعــرض لــه العاملــون فــي صناعــة التشــييد وقــد تســبب لهــم إصابــات خطيــرة أو حــدوث حرائــق أو انفجــارات, وال ننســى أن أعمــال الهــدم والحفــر والدفــن مصــدر كبيــر لإلصابــات ويجــب وضــع احتياطــات لهــا وتوفيــر معــدات الوقايــة الشــخصية والتدريــب وذلــك لمنــع حــدوث اصابــات مميتــة أو مســتديمة مثــل الكســور واصابــات العمــود الفقــري والــرأس التــي تعــد أكثــر أنــواع اإلصابــات فــي صناعــة التشــييد. هــذه الورقــة هدفــت الــى الوقــوف علــى مقترحــات وتوصيــات لتحســين ادارة الســالمة المهنيــة فــي صناعــة التشــييد وذلــك بعــد عــرض مكونــات ادارة الســالمة المهنيــة لصناعــة التشــييد المختلفــة ســواء القانونيــة والتدريبيــة والتجهيزيــة واإلداريــة ومــا يميزهــا عــن الصناعــات األخــرى مــن خــالل مســح ميدانــي علــى مشــاريع جامعــة جــازان. وقــد خلصــت الورقــة الــى أن هنــاك خلــل واضــح فــي تبنــى معاييــر الســالمة حســب التعليمــات والتوجيهــات والطلبــات الصــادرة مــن منظمــات مهنيــة متخصصــة فــي الســالمة وأن تطبيــق ذلــك فيــه صعوبــة بالغــة وقــد ال يكــون ممكنــا حســب المشــاركين فــي الدراســة، وأشــار المشــاركون أن ســقوط العامليــن والمــواد مــن المبانــي العاليــة يمثــل خطــرا كبيــرا وأن اإلصابــات التــي تحــدث مــا بيــن وقــت آلخــر يؤثــر علــى ســمعة الشــركة وأشــار المشــاركون والذيــن يعملــون بمشــاريع جامعــة

جــازان أيضــا أن مجمــل اإلصابــات قليلــة وغيــر خطــرة فــي مشــاريع جامعــة جــازان.

259

Name: عبداللطيف عبدهللا عبدالواحد المنيفي- Abdullatif Abdullah AlMunifi

Work place: كلية الهندسة بعنيزة/جامعة القصيم - Qassim University

Job title: أستاذ مشارك - Associate Professor


Paper title: ظاهرة انهيار الشدات أثناء تنفيذ أعمال صب الخرسانة في المملكة العربية السعودية - الدروس المستفادة من دراسة حالة –

Paper abstract:

قطــاع البنــاء والتشــييد يعــد مــن القطاعــات األكثرارتباطــا بالحــوادث. فهــو قطــاع كثيــف العمالــة ويتطلــب الكثيــر مــن حركــة مــواد البنــاء والمعــدات ممــا يــؤدي إلــى مســتوى عــال مــن المخاطــرة، حيــث تشــير االحصائيــات الرســمية فــي المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية إلــى أن إصابــات العمــل فــي هــذا القطــاع تمثــل 50 فــي المائــة مــن إجمالــي اإلصابــات. مســألة انهيــار الشــدات العاليــة أثنــاء صبيــات الســقوف ذات األبعــاد الكبيــرة أضحــت قضيــة مزعجــة قــد ترقــى إلــى مســتوى الظاهــرة فــي المملكــة. تهــدف هــذه الورقــة إلــى التحقــق مــن أســباب االنهيــارات وذلــك مــن خــالل مســح لعــدد محــدود مــن انهيــارات األســقف أثنــاء االنشــاء خــالل الثــالث األعــوام الماضيــة، والتركيــز علــى حالــة دراســية توافــرت بياناتهــا مــع القيــام بزيــارات متكــررة للمبنــى - موقــع الحادثــة، وإجــراء لقــاءات ومقابــالت ونقاشــات مــع المعنييــن مــن كافــة األطــراف ذات العالقــة، ومــن ثــم تحليــل كافــة هــذه المدخــالت الســتقصاء أســباب االنهيــار. تبيــن مــن نتائــج التحليــل أن تصميــم بعــض عناصــر الســقاالت المعدنيــة الحاملــة لألســقف الخرســانية لــم يكــن محكمــا. ومــن جانــب آخــر ومــن واقــع المعاينــة تبيــن عــدم اتبــاع الممارســات الصحيحــة فــي عمليــة التنفيــذ. صاحــب ذلــك ضعــف االلتــزام بالمواصفــات القياســية المرجعيــة والشــروط التعاقديــة، واالفتقــار لخطــة األمــن والســالمة المهنيــة، وضعــف آليــات مراقبــة ومعاينــة وفحــص مــواد وطــرق وآليــات تنفيــذ األعمــال، واألهــم مــن ذلــك غيــاب المعالــم الواضحــة لحــدود مســئوليات الجهــات ذات العالقــة إلــى جانــب التهــاون واألخطــاء البشــرية ممــا أدى إلــى انهيــار كامــل منظومــة التدعيــم مــع حديــد التســليح والخرســانة والمعــدات والبشــر. تكمــن أهميــة هــذه الورقــة فــي تســليط الضــوء علــى المخاطــر المرتبطــة بتنفيــذ أعمــال الشــدات وكيفيــة تجنــب حدوثهــا، كمــا تلفــت عنايــة المشــرعين فــي المجــال الهندســي بضــرورة وضــع اللوائــح والقيــود التــي تضمــن أمــن وســالمة العامليــن وحمايــة الممتلــكات. كلمــات مفتاحيــة: قطــاع البنــاء التشــييد، انهيــار الشــدات، األمــن والســالمة

المهنيــة، المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية

260

Name: Aktham Abdalatti Mohamed Ahmed Alamkky

Work place: Kaizen Institute Consulting Group Global

Job title: CEO


Paper title: (TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM (TP

Paper abstract:

TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM Its frame work to eliminate all the type of waste in production & service companies This approach will supports vision 2030 scope to be apply into status and to have full utilization of the available resources in order deliver highest quality with reasonable cost and on promise delivery time. Ad-ditionally, will explain how JAPAN has converted to the first world Class industrial in the world while they do not have OIL ,Gas or Mining they only apply Toyota Production system to their mind-set and work application .

261

Name: Dr. Gulistan Raja

Work place: University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

Job title: Professor/Chairman


Paper title: OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION AND ACCREDITATION - CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTANI ENGINEERING PROGRAMS

Paper abstract:

Education plays a vital role in growth of any society. According to a famous saying by Confucius – A Chi-nese Philosopher : If you are planning for a year, sow rice; if planning for a decade, plant a tree and if planning for lifetime, educate a person. Pakistan being a developing nation needs to train its youth for technical education so that they can play effective role in the socio-economic uplift of country. In this regard, quality and competence of graduates is critical and outcome based education (OBE) is a focused approach for accomplishing certain speci-fied outcomes in terms of a student learning. Washington Accord is based on outcome based education is inter-national professional engineers agreement for international mobility. Pakistan has become provisional member of Washington Accord in 2010 through Pakistan Engineering Council and become full signatory of Washington Accord in June 2017. The transformation to outcome based education criteria and accreditation is a paradigm shift from traditional education. This definitely would not be an easy task for Pakistani engineering programs to implement OBE. This paper discuss challenges for Pakistani engineering programs during adopting outcome based education and accreditation. First comparison of traditional with outcome based education is presented and then graduate attributes and professional competencies in Washington accord are discussed. The challeng-es that engineering programs may face during implementation of outcome based education system with respect to OBE implementation at Electronic Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, UET Taxila are discussed.

262

Name: أ.د. ابراهيم بن عبدهللا الحماد

Work place: جامعة الملك سعود



Paper title: جدوى تطبيق أسلوب عقود أعداد التصاميم والتنفيذ (Design Build) في المملكة العربية السعودية

Paper abstract:

جــدوى تطبيــق عقــود أعــداد التصاميــم والتنفيــذ بالمملكــة العربيــة الســعودية أ.د. إبراهيــم الحمــاد، م. ســليمان العتيبــي قســم الهندســة المدنيــة، كليــة الهندســة، جامعــة الملــك ســعود المختصــر هنالــك عــدة طــرق تعاقديــة تتبــع فــي أعــداد التصاميــم Traditional و تنفيــذ المشــاريع األنشــائية والهندســية القصيــرة المــدى، أي مــن 1 الــى 3 ســنوات، و منهــا األســلوب التقليــديمــن الكلفــة زائــد األربــاح Cost Plus. و أســلوب التصاميــم والتفيــذ Design Build و أعــداد Lumpsum، وأســلوب المتعــارف عليــه أن األســلوب التقليــدي فــي أعــداد كامــل التصاميــم األنشــائية والهندســية قبــل بــدء أعمــال المقــاول هــي الشــائعة واألقــل ســعرا و مخاطــرة علــى صاحــب العمــل و ال زال األســلوب معمــول بــه بنســبة كبيــرة فــي المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية وفــي ،Design Build كثيــر مــن الــدول األخــرى. اآل أنــه فــي الســنوات األخيــرة، شــاع اســتخدام طريقــة أعــداد التصاميــم والتنفيــذكأســلوب للبنــاء بأقــل كلفــة وأســرع بالتنفيــذ مــن األســاليب األخــرى فــي كل مــن الواليــات المتحــدة والمملكــة المتحــدة كمــا ورد فــي كثيــر مــن األوراق واألدبيــات االعلميــة. وقــد دعــا ذلــك الباحثيــن، الــى النظــر فــي أمكانيــة نقــل التجربــة األمريكيــة لســوق التشــييد بالمملكــة العربيــة الســعودية لتواكــب رؤيــة 2030 فــي تطويــر قطــاع البنــاء والتشــييد. و قــد تــم عمــل دراســة ميدانيــة للوضــع الراهــن بالمملكــة فــي اســتخدام أســلوب أعــداد التصاميــم والتنفيــذ و أســباب عــدم شــيوعه مــن خــالل أســتبانة منهجيــة شــارك فــي األجابــة عليهــا نخبــة مــن المــالك و المهندســين والمقاوليــن. و قــد نتــج عــن تحليــل األســتبانات المجابــة تحديــد اســباب عــدم أســتخدام أســلوب أعــداد التصاميــم والتنفيــذ بكثــرة فــي قطــاع البنــاء والتشــييد ممــا سيســاعد أصحــاب القــرار بالمملكــة تبنــي و دعــم سياســات و قانونييــن جديــدة تســد الفجــوة فــي تــدوال الممارســة الناجحــة فــي أدارة المشــروعات فــي ظــل وجــود برنامــج وطنــي

لمتابعــة تنفيــذ المشــاريع علــى مســتوى الدولــة.

263

Name: سلمان بن علي بن سلمان القحطاني

Work place: المديرية العامة للدفاع المدني

Job title: ضابط سالمة


Paper title: برنامج حساب أنظمة السالمة ومعدات الحريق في المباني

Paper abstract:

الملخــص : برنامــج الكترونــي يقــوم بتحديــد االحتيــاج الفعلــي حســابيا ألنظمــة ومعــدات الســالمة ومكافحــة الحريــق فــي المنشــآت والمبانــي )كالمــدارس , المستشــفيات , المصانــع ,الفنــادق , المســتودعات , الــورش وغيرهــا( والتــي تســاهم بــإذن هللا فــي الحفــاظ علــى األرواح والممتلــكات . خلفيــة البرنامــج يقــوم هــذا البرنامــج بالقضــاء علــى االجتهــادات ومنــع االزدواجيــة فــي تحديــد متطلبــات الســالمة ألي منشــأة أو مبنــى ال ســيما تلــك االجتهــادات التــي ينتــج عنهــا مخاطــر تهــدد حيــاة مرتــادي هــذه المنشــآت , أو عندمــا يتــم تحديــد هــذه األنظمــة دون االســتناد علــى قاعــدة علميــة أو عمليــة وهــذا بــال شــك مــن أكبــر عيــوب الطريقــة الحاليــة التــي تســبب ضــررا للمنشــأة وضــررا بســالمة مرتاديهــا بعــدم تأميــن الحمايــة الكاملــة لهــا وكذلــك اســتنزاف أمــوال مالكيهــا بــدون قصــد بعــد أن اصبحــت تكاليــف هــذه األنظمــة عاليــة جــدا وخصوصــا للمنشــآت الهامــة والخطــرة . الوصــف العــام للبرنامــج يعمــل هــذا البرنامــج , علــى تحديــد أنظمــة ومعــدات الســالمة للمبانــي والمنشــآت حســابيا بنــاء علــى درجــة خطورتهــا وأهميتهــا وبمــا يتفــق مــع أنظمــة وجمعيــات الســالمة العالميــة والمحليــة المعمــول بهــا , وبمــا ورد فــي هــذه األنظمــة مــن حســابات دقيقــة ومعلومــات تحــدد المســاحة التــي يغطيهــا كل نظــام مــن هــذه األنظمــة . ويهــدف فــي الدرجــة االولــى الــى حمايــة األرواح والممتلــكات وتحديــد كل مــا تحتــاج اليــه المنشــأة مــن أنظمــة ومعــدات تســاهم بعــد هللا فــي تقليــل الحــوادث وزيــادة فــرص النجــاة أثنــاء حــاالت الطــوارىء المختلفــة . الوصــف التفصيلــي للبرنامــج تختلــف المنشــآت والمبانــي عــن بعضهــا البعــض , وتصنــف المنشــآت وظيفيــا الــى : مبانــي التعليــم : كالمــدارس , المعاهــد , الكليــات ، الجامعــات وغيرهــا . مبانــي التجمعــات : صــاالت االفراح , صاالت العرض , قاعات المحاضرات , المحاكم وغيرها . المباني التجارية واالسواق العامة : كالمحالت التجارية , األســواق المركزيــة , المكاتــب , البنــوك .. المبانــي الســكنية : كالفنــادق , الشــقق والوحــدات المفروشــة , والفلــل الســكنية . مبانــي الرعايــة : المستشــفيات , الســجون , ودور التوقيــف , دور الرعايــة االجتماعيــة . المنشــآت والمهــن الصناعيــة : المصانــع , الــورش بأنواعهــا . مبانــي المســتودعات : مســتودعات األغذيــة , البنــاء , االعــالف , االخشــــــــــــــاب وغيرهــا محطــات الوقــود وكذلــك محــالت بيــع وتوزيــع اســطوانات الغــاز . جميــع المنشــآت والمبانــي المصنفــة أعــاله يســتطيع البرنامــج وبمجــرد ادخــال اســم النشــاط أو اســم المنشــأة المشــار اليهــا تظهــر جميــع احتياجاتهــا مــن متطلبــات الســالمة مــع تحديــد درجــة الخطــورة والمتطلبــات االضافيــة التــي يجــب ان تلتــزم فيهــا المنشــأة مــن أجــل حمايتهــا والســيطرة علــى المخاطــر الموجــودة فيهــا. ومــن هــذه المتطلبــات التــي يقــوم االبتــكار بحســابها وتحديــد أعدادهــا والقــدرة المناســبة لــكل منهــا اآلتــي: أنظمــة االطفــاء : مضخــات الحريــق , خراطيــم الحريــق , طفايــات الحريــق , نظــام الــرش اآللــي , خــزان الحريــق . أنظمــة االنــذار : لوحــة التحكــم , كواشــف الدخــان , كواشــف الحــرارة . مخــارج الطــوارىء : اعدادهــا , والعــرض االدنــى لمخــرج الطــوارىء . الطاقــة االســتيعابية للمبنــى : عــدد االشــخاص الذيــن يتســع لهــم المبنــى . أنــوار الطــوارىء التــي تعمــل عنــد انقطــاع التيــار الكهربائــي . المولــدات االحتياطيــة

التــي يحتاجهــا المبنــى . أبــواب الحريــق ومــدة مقاومتهــا حســب نــوع المنشــأة ودرجــة الخطــورة .

264

Name: Ahmed Ahmed Alzubairi & Abdullah Omar Alrabghi




Paper title: Design of E-Grocery Delivery and Pickup Models Using Simulation: Application on a Major Retail-er in Jeddah

Paper abstract:

Introduction and Research Problem: In the era of information revolution, the retailing industry has sig-nificant opportunity to reach every single individual through Internet. Online Grocery Shopping (OGS) is the new promising business. Nowadays, famous food retailers are competing in this business. One of the major challenges facing this industry are the costs associated with Order Picking and Home Delivery operations. A proper and early application of OGS model in a particular society will attain sustained competitive advantage that takes long time for competitors to mimic it. Materials and Methods: This paper proposed two cost-efficient models for OGS, Order Picking and Home Delivery. Those models are designed and verified using simulation. Controllable variables are optimized in order to reach the best allocation of resources within the framework of the as-assumptions made. One of the major food retailers in Jeddah is considered for data collection and analysis. Summary of Results The results show that the proposed models are cost- efficient and it could be applied to be part of an operational strategy for profitable entrepreneur project. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study recommends food retailers to start implementing the OGS, following a proper operational strategy (included in the research). This strategy is based on the principles of courage and caution to exploit the opportunities and overcome the challenges. In terms of simulation models, it is recommended to develop those models to be as a control tool rather than just decision support tool, after feeding it with extreme data and improving the user interface.

265

Name: Talal suleaman khalaf alharbi&Mohammad A. Mulazadeh

Work place: consultancy

Job title: consultant


Paper title: Disability Policy and Wheelchair Users’ Accessibility in The Middle East

Paper abstract:

Disability Policy and Wheelchair Users’ Accessibility in The Middle East ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this article was to evaluate wheelchair users’ accessibility of public buildings in Jordan. The key assumption un-derlying this article is that accessibility to public buildings in Jordan did not meet the needs of wheelchair users. Field observation method applied using the accessibility checklist of ADAAG guideline as a tool to collect data from a randomly selected sample of 30 buildings in Amman city. Quantitative method was used for analyzing the collected data. The results show that the average level of accessibility compliance of the surveyed buildings was too low (23%) to meet the needs of wheelchair users. The study concluded that no much progress has ac-tually been achieved in terms of environmental accessibility which implies that Jordan’s disability policy was not successful in creating accessible environment in which wheelchair users’ equal rights of access to education, employment and basic services is guaranteed. The conclusion also sends a clear message to professionals and decision makers alike that despite the existence of disability legislation, wheelchair users are still facing physical and social barriers that prohibit their accessibility to public buildings in Jordan which means law without recog-nition of disabled people’s rights tend to become ineffective. Key Words: Disability, Accessibility, Urban Planning, wheelchair user, inclusion

266

Name: Islam Mohamed Sharaf & Wadea Amin & Ibrahim Alharkan

Work place: EMC

Job title: Business Developer


Paper title: SIMULATION OF SAUDI ARABLAN AIRLINES SYSTEM

Paper abstract:

A case study of Saudi airline office in Al mouruj square has been done. In this project, we try to build the simulation model of the system to study its performance measures. The different performance measures for this system are Time in system, Queue Length, Server Utilization, Time in Queue for different Queues in the system… etc. The system comprises of an information disk where all the customers first go to this desk, eight servers and two series queues. We have modeled our system using the ARENA Software. The objective of our study is to an-alyze the system through its various performance measures and then to give a better alternative if possible. The simulation is done for the rush hours or the peak load hours i.e. After ASR Prayer from Saturday to Wednesday. The important data is collected for the study and then the best distribution is fitted to the data points using Arena input analyzer. After that the Visual network was developed and run on Arena to get the output for the simulation. Finally, the output is analyzed to determine the appropriate number of runs for the simulation model developed.

267

Name: Dr. Zubair Ahmed Memon & *Mr. Shabir Ahmed Khahro*

Work place: Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, KSA



Paper title: Variation Order and Successful Project Management

Paper abstract:

Variation orders are commons in all type of construction projects. The nature and frequency of variation orders occurrence vary from one project to another project depending on various factors. Variation orders in construction sector can cause substantial adjustment to the contract duration, total direct and indirect cost or both. Therefore, project management team must have ability to respond the variation order effectively in order to minimize their adverse impact to the project. This study was an attempt to highlight the different variation orders occurring in the Construction Industry. In order to achieve the aim of this study, different objectives were designed to know the behavior and impact of change order on cost. A questionnaire survey form was designed and surveyed within the local construction industry. It was observed from the analysis of the collected data that Omissions of work items are the most occurring variation orders. Secondly the replacement of any important person related to a particular project was observed and third most occurring variation order is found is substi-tutions. The variation orders have major impact on the cost of the project. It is found that the project is delayed due to occurrence of variation order which increases the costs of Project. No matter how carefully a variation order is administered indirect costs occur but if we decrease the number of variations in project. It can optimally decrease unnecessary costs. It is found that some variation orders are beneficial for increasing the value of the project and some as detrimental for project value.

268

Name: Needa Marwan Lingga

Work place: Effat University

Job title: Construction Coordinator


Paper title: Behavior of Concrete Beams with Corroded Reinforcement Retrofitted with CFRP

Paper abstract:

Severe premature deterioration has been reported in a large number of reinforced concrete (RC) struc-tures in corrosive environments. This research project focused on the behavior of beams that contained corrod-ed steel and were retrofitted with CFRP. The steel in RC beams were assumed to be fully corroded, representing the most severe loss in steel cross-section. Unidirectional CFRP sheets were used to strengthen the deteriorated beams. The experimental program included testing five simply supported rectangular cross section concrete beams. All beams were approximately 1/3rd scale models, 4in. x 6in. cross sections, and 6ft. long. In three beams, the oiled steel rebar’s for flexure and shear were safely pulled out of the formwork after the concrete had cured a few hours, leaving voids. This technique was used to represent the total loss in steel cross-section in an extremely corrosive environment. The first specimen was a control beam with voids representing deteriorat-ed steel. The second specimen was a plain concrete beam without voids. The third beam was another control specimen with flexural and shear reinforcement intact, representing the “original” beam before steel corrosion. The two remaining deteriorated beams were strengthened by externally bonding one and two layers of CFRP in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Beams were tested under third-point loading. Load carrying capacity, deflection, and ductility of the beams were measured. Test results showed that one layer of CFRP increased the load capacity to slightly higher than the “original” control beam, and two layers of CFRP increased it by a factor of two. The retrofitted specimens had a higher stiffness under service load conditions. The predict contribution of CFRP to flexure and shear capacities based on ACI 440.2R guidelines were in good agreement with test re-sults.

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269

Name: Muhammad Salman Waraich (Speaker) & Shahrukh Khan & Hassan Tahir Shah & Syed Muhammad Talha Shah & Faran Ali Khan & Usama Azad

Work place: Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan



Paper title: (The LAWbot (Land Air Water robot

Paper abstract:

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of an Innovative Concept of a Robot that is capable of Flight in Air and Maneuvering on Land and over Water. The LAWbot consists of integration of a “HexaCopter UAV” and an “Am-phibious Rover UGV”, which when coupled is known as “The LAWbot”. Both the HexaCopter and Amphibious Rover can be attached and detached autonomously at will, and can be used for a vast number of individual op-erations as well as cooperative ones.

270

Name: معتز دغش محمد القحطاني


Job title: Engineer IV


Paper title: Local legislation and programs for deploying solar energy systems

Paper abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to explore local legislation and programs for developing incentives for the deployment of small- to medium-scale solar energy systems in commercial and private facilities as well as households in Saudi Arabia. These programs will reduce dependency on the Kingdom’s national electric grid by providing other sources on site to meet local power demand. In addition, they will yield economic benefits and help develop the renewable energy sector in Saudi Arabia. To meet this target, both the Saudi Government and electrical power providers should work together to provide the following: - Initiating interest free loan programs for industrial and residential property owners dedicated to installing solar energy systems. - Tax cuts on imports of good related to renewable energy systems. The electrical power providers’ roles include the following: - Al-lowing Interconnection of solar energy systems with the electric grid to add excess energy produced by the solar energy systems to the grid. - Initiating bill credit programs for customers who have solar energy systems installed to credit them for any excess energy added to the grid. - Initiating solar energy system ownership programs for customers. These methods will result in the following, - Expanding the renewable energy sector in Saudi Arabia by attracting investors and creating jobs for young Saudi workers. - Reduction of dependency on the electric grid and supporting it; this will help power plants reduce the cost at which power is generated. - Reduction of CO2 emissions. - Meeting the targeted 9.5 GW set by the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 initiative. In conclusion, initiating these programs will help accommodate the Kingdom’s increasing power demand with clean and reliable sources of energy. By doing so, the cost at which power is generated will be reduced, which will help develop the Saudi renewable energy sector and provide investment and job opportunities.

271

Name: Muhammad Abbas

Work place: DAR Engieering, Riyadh

Job title: Manager Mechanical


Paper title: Solar Energy for Water desalination

Paper abstract:

This paper set forth different most commonly used conventional technologies (RO, MSF, MED) for de-salination along with the application of renewable technology (solar) and its compatibility for desalination pro-cesses in future. The main objective is to evaluate the viability and cost-effectiveness of the replacement of fossil fuels used for desalination plants with renewable energy. An overview of various technologies will define broadly salient features associated to each technology and expected cost range. Finally, an analysis of vari-ous projects will detail the applied features like foot prints required and real expenses for production of fresh water. Solar MED and MSF, though appearing to be natural and tempting solutions, cannot be taken as proven technologies. More and more developments in both solar power and desalination technologies are expected to keep these solutions competitive compared to RO systems coupled with conventional power plant. Somewhere, solution lies in combination: combination of heat sources and combination of processes. Recent developments present desalination systems including MSF combined with reverse osmosis, heat source being a thermal power plant, but coupling with solar resource can be imagined Main advantage of that installation is that RO can run during nighttime’s when electricity costs are low and MSF work during daytime with low running costs due to low pressure steam. Water storage offers flexible solution with energy consumption optimized. Addition of solar energy from start of the project (with parabolic troughs) would have low cost impact but no GHG emissions. We can note that the range of possibilities is widely open in desalination. Need for fresh water will always be present, therefore desalination technologies must be enhanced to become cleaner, more efficient and more virtuous

272

Name: Mahmood Abdullah Farhan

Work place: Al Mahmal Facilities Services Company

Job title: QA/QC Electrical Engineer


Paper title: FORCE CONTROL OF 2-FINGER GRIPPER WITH SOFT SKIN FOR VARIOUS WEIGHT

Paper abstract:

This project concerns force control of 2-finger gripper with soft skin for various weights. The existing design has the ability to hold a regular shape with different weights of objects. Since normal grippers do not have feelings (sensors), a force sensor is introduced to the robot fingers to give them the ability to sense. This project has explored different sensors and determined the more suitable sensor experimentally. Aluminum is used to design the system slider to move in X, Y-axis, and the gripper axis. Soft skin is attached to the surface of the fingertips so that object does not slip away from the gripper. Hence, the controller provides a static balance to the gripped object. The force of the robotic finger gripper can be measured and controlled. The designed robot-ic arm system equips with 2 Degree of Freedom (DOF) gripper with and force control using Linear-Regression algorithm. The 2-DOF gripper is actuated by 3 stepper motors. Arduino Uno board is used to actuate stepper motors, process the measured force, and as well to interface with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) MATLAB to control the system. In the end, a prototype of 2-finger grippers robot can be can be developed and used in many applications like in education purpose, in industrial automation for picking and place different objects. This kind of project can work in high-hazard jobs as to carry high poisonous chemical substances in a workplace.

273

Name: Haytham M. A-Jabr & John. G. Speer & David. K. Matlock

Work place: HADEED-SABIC

Job title: Senior Scientist


Paper title: Mechanical Properties Anisotropy in API X70 Pipeline Steels

Paper abstract:

The effects of microstructure and crystallographic texture in four commercially-produced API X70 pipe-line steels and their relation to planar anisotropy of mechanical properties were evaluated. The experimental steels were processed through either a hot strip mill, a Stickle mill, or a compact strip mill. The different commer-cial processing routes were selected to obtain plates with potential variations in the microstructure and anisotro-pic characteristics. Tensile and Chirpy impact testing were used to evaluate the mechanical properties in three orientations: longitudinal (L), transverse (T) and diagonal (D) with respect to the rolling direction. The yield and tensile strengths were higher in the T orientation and toughness was lower in the D orientation for all plates. Scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) were used to evaluate the grain size, microstructural constituents, and crystallographic texture to determine the factors leading to me-chanical properties anisotropy. A correlation was established between texture and microstructure with orienta-tion dependent properties.

274

Name: Hosam Abdul Rahim Fareed Arabasy

Work place: Abdulla Fouad Company

Job title: Customer Support Manager


Paper title: Using Analytic Hierarchy Process for “Field Service

Paper abstract:

Successful Medical Supplies Companies, whom have a well define Business Model, are facing many challenges to maintain their competitive strategies. Firm capabilities are required to execute the strategies. Field Service Engineer (FSE) considered as one of the most important capabilities. Recruitment till hire FSE is compli-cated process which should be done with extra care. Many criteria, and sub criteria, to be considered while per-forming this process to fulfill the business requirements. The selection criteria are not equally weighted. These criteria include: Education, Experience, Recommendations, Internal factors, and Personal capabilities (Emotional Intelligence, Intelligence Quotient, Knowledge, Skills, and language). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a valid and trustable tool used to help the decision maker to achieve certain goal when he has multiple alternative and competing selection criteria. In this paper, Two Phases AHP (AHP1 and AHP2) have been develop to hire the best FSE. Later, the selection criteria is evaluated and checked for consistency. Then, the available alternative (CV data) were filled in AHP1 and the results were feed to AHP2. Finally, the best FSE will be selected.

275

Name: (Dr. Ali Muhammad Ali Alkuzaim Algahtani (Co -Author) & Riyad Saeed Saad Asiri (Co- Author) & Saeed Safar Saeed Alshehri (Co-Author) & Abdulrhman Ahmad Mohammad Asiri (Co-Authors) & Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed (Speaker- Main Author

Work place: King Khaled University



Paper title: Design, Development and Fabrication of Ankle Foot Orthotics (AFO) using 3D Printing Process

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT the customized footwear provides advantages for sports persons, Olympic runners and also for those who wishes to become active. The latest technology 3D Printing (3P) has the potential market in making footwear cus-tomized and economically feasible for product development by using direct developing from CAD models with great ease, less cost less amount of time and with remarkable added design features. This research work contributes towards the development of a customized AFO, with the help of commercially available 3D printed materials, in the present work three 3D printed materials are considered such as Nylon, Acura Resin, and ABS. These materials were explored in customization of footwear using 3D Printing. The process will give optimum customized design of an AFO with less time and also evalu-ates the customized footwear in terms of stiffness and provides excellent damping properties to the patient during walking on uneven pathways. To start with the design process repeated scanning was done was conducted and anthropometric measurements of the patient foot was taken and surface of both feet were scanned. From the scans and measurements, customized insoles were designed and manufactured using 3D Printing. Patient was fitted with 3D printed AFO and was tested on different conditions of the ground surface. The outcome of this research work is to suggest the best suitable 3D printed material for an AFO which has been conformed to the feasibility of the customization process. The customized in-sole provides reduces maximum ankle eversion and peak mean pressure measured under the heel using pressure foot sen-sor, which are important for reducing pain and provides adequate support to the ankle. A case study is then reported which explored foot capture using a foot dynamic scanner for the design and development of insoles using 3D Printing. Through the development of three insoles, it was found that the selection of the scan data from the many series of frames generated during ground contact were the most demanding factors of the process. Finally in this work the best suitable model for an AFO was suggested and also developed for customized footwear. Fused Deposition Method was used for the develop-ment of AFO model. The footwear personalization process using 3D printing involves 3-D scanning, measurements and design of the parts. The present research work has potential scope in medical field by using 3D-printing and personalized patients in terms of delivering durable and comfortable insoles to the high street. This present research has indicated that 3-D scanning is suitable for capturing the foot to develop personalized footwear. CAD software Geo-magic was used, the time required to design the personalized insoles ranged from 2 to 5 hours per pair and accuracy depends on professional’s experience. The material Nylon showed very good durability for the 4-month period of its usage and becomes more rigid for the arch portion of the foot. Finally, the main limitations of the 3D Printing based material available for sintering are machine specification and the costs compared to the existing footwear. Although the costs are feasible for producing personalized AFO and in high demand for the development of an AFO for an elderly people, offers a greater range of materials and mak-ing the costs more competitive. Traditional orthopedic casts or orthoses will be produce by body-based contacting model. 3D printing technology is a rapid growing manufacture technique for producing a complex physical model in term of 3D a digitizing model. A Full innovative attempt has been made in this research work to overcome the manual treatment and utilizes the innovative 3D printing based AFO. Furthermore, the vision is to give economical product that can be afford by the patients and as readily available resource for K.S.A Hospitals at large scale. The important features of this research work includes Medical Application using latest technologies like 3D printing and Smart Damping for developing the customized foot support for persons having neuron-disorders and more pain in their foot during their movement. The proposed research provides an innovative method for an Old People, Persons having Ankle foot problem during his daily routine work. There is a possibility of establishment of Rehabilitation Center in the King Khalid University as a part of service to the humanity and provides medical service for an AFO patients at the minimum cost.

276

Name: Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa Ali & Christopher Pritchard

Work place: OMICRON

Job title: Regional application engineer


Paper title: Modern Testing based on Real Simulations

Paper abstract:

Due to the increasing use of numerical relays, with various mathematical algorithms, configurations, parameters and the increase in complexity of power systems, conventional techniques are inadequate to test protection systems. Testing individual relays in a power system is insufficient to cover all possible errors that might occur. This was underlined in the 2013 NERC mal-operations report which stated, “Today’s protections systems, relay failures are not the single source of error anymore, but rather incorrect settings, logic and design errors already account for more mal-operations.” Keywords: Real signal simulations, Power system parameter, protection testing

277

Name: Md. Abdur Rahman

Work place: College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Prince Mugrin

Job title: Head of Forensic Computing and Cyber Security Department


Paper title: Extending OpenStreetMap Database: Towards Developing an Accurate and Detailed Live Digital Road Network for the Holy City of Makkah and Madinah

Paper abstract:

Being able to access GIS data is key to all areas of GIS applications. Although free and crude GIS data is available for many countries e.g. TIGER data in US, for Saudi Arabia there is none. Commercial alternatives exist such as NAVTEQ or TELEATLAS, however, they offer many restrictions for GIS researches. For example, it is illegal if one goes beyond the fair use rights e.g. NAVTEQ provided data. One cannot correct a street name, or add an intersection or mosque over the road, or use map APIs in a manner which gives access to mass down-loads or bulk feeds of numerical latitude and longitude coordinates, or use the GIS data in a software without paying a lot of money. This amount of money might be out of capability of smaller companies or stakeholders or researchers who are working on GIS data. Moreover, sharing the GIS data available from these commercially available companies with a client, enclosing it in an invitation or posting it on a website, to name a few, poses a lot of legal issues. Moreover, from experiment it has been observed that data from commercial maps such as Google maps, Yahoo maps, Nokia maps covers less than 40% road names, intersections, with missing items such as speed limit, recently opened roads and point of interest, to name a few. A recent growth in smartphones equipped with 4G network will push the GIS research community to provide these missing features to the res-idents in Makkah in particular, in Saudi Arabia in general. Using these advancements, people can now access maps ubiquitously, can participate in sensing and sharing GIS phenomena using social network such as twitter. Unfortunately, existing maps are missing even these basics, as discussed above. In this research, we address the mapping needs of Saudi Arabia while being able to overcome the above limitations by adopting a solution provide by the open source community called openstreetmap (OSM). Recent advances in technology like cheap GPS units embedded with smartphone or watches and high speed 4G networks motivate us that we can now create our own maps by extending OSM, in collaboration with mass crowd contributors. The ability to do so allows us to fulfill the mapping needs of Saudi Arabia, especially the ever-growing holy city of Makkah which is seeing a rapid change in its infrastructure recently. By extending OSM we can add new GIS information on top of Makkah OSM such as road names, intersection, nodes, edges, polylines, hajj and Umrah related landmarks, augmented reality markups, layers such as flood or rain overlay, accident overlay, dynamic road conditions such as accident or lane closures, special road conditions that arise at the time of Hajj and Umrah, to name a few. GIS Applications build on top this our provided framework will enjoy overcoming any such restrictions in terms of data gathering, processing and sharing.

278

Name: هشام كمال أمين محمد حسب هللا

Work place: المركز القومي لبحوث اإلسكان والبناء

Job title: مدير معهد بحوث ميكانيكا التربة والهندسة الجيوتكنيكية


Paper title: Utilizing a Soft Computing Technique in Selecting the Suitable Pile Type

Paper abstract:

One of the main problems challenging geotechnical engineers is the selection of the suitable pile foun-dation type. The criterion of the correct foundation type selection may result in huge monetary savings, whereas, wrong selection may result in severe consequences that may result in disasters for both lives and properties. In this paper, a soft computing method has been used as a tool to find the suitable pile foundation type for a giv-en site with known characteristics. The technique is Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Both Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNNs) and General Regression Neural Networks (GRNNs) have been compared to choose the suitable and the more accurate method for selection of pile type. The computer package “Neuroshell 2” has been extensively used to build up the BPNNs and GRNNs models.

279

Name: Md. Abdur Rahman & Sk Md Mizanur Rahman




Paper title: A Secure k-anonymous Hajj Social Network that Supports a Massive Cloud-Based Big Data Archi-tecture

Paper abstract:

Crowdsourcing is not simply breaking work in pieces for efficiency. It is not organizing and managing people to achieve a stated goal. Crowdsourcing is about harnessing the human potential in every individual so that we can aggregate and express knowledge that is larger than what any individual can express. To achieve that, we need to create a trusted environment where people can express their independent opinions. We need to remove the social, organizational, financial pressures to create true freedom of expression for every individual. Nowadays, it is challenging to anonymize a large social network when it is crowd sourced to third party users. One popular de-anonymization scheme to locate target entities in a social network is to study the topological characteristics of their neighbors’ degree distribution. Existing works mostly have a strong assumption that at-tacker knows every neighbor’s degree exactly. This assumption might result in a large amount of modified edg-es, lower usability of the original data, and even failure in obtaining k-anonymity privacy protection. Furthermore, it is difficult, even impossible, to know so accurate information. In real applications, attackers often re-identify entities based on coarse-level background knowledge such as neighbor degree distribution, rather than the ex-act degree of every neighbor. In this paper, we propose an anonymity scheme against bin-based attack in crowd sourced Hajj social networks. With this scheme, key entities can be completely k-anonymity protection instead of probabilistic k-anonymity. The proposed scheme minimizes the amount of modification on original networks, which preserves the utility of the crowd sourced pilgrim data.

280





Paper title: Next Generation Hajj and Umrah: A smart City Perspective

Paper abstract:

In this research, we present our vision about Hajj experience that we assume would be a reality in 2020. We are assuming Makkah a smart city where each entity related to Hajj and Umrah will directly be connected through a smart city framework to offer all the services to each stakeholder in an efficient and smart way. The proposed framework will help providing Hajj and Umrah related services to each entity such as pilgrims, their family members, Hajj agencies, vehicles and transport system, municipality, governments, health institutions and emergency handling agencies in a smarter way. All these entities will be connected and will contribute their due share to multimedia spatio-temporal data that needs big data repository to support a very large Hajj and Umrah crowd. The proposed framework captures the individual’s context and serves with a subset of relevant services and allows being in touch with a subset of one’s community of interest. We leverage the spatio-tem-poral multimedia sensory data captured by our framework to define users’ contexts for optimized services. Our proposed framework is also envisioned to assist the Hajj and Umrah authorities to (1) improve Hajj & Umrah service quality, (2) improve Hajj organization through better understanding of pilgrims’ (individual and crowd) spatial and temporal behavior and need, and (3) make Makkah a smart city. In particular, the proposed methods, techniques, and algorithm will support the pilgrimage with quality of experience. We have tested our initial sys-tem through end-user subjects during the Hajj 2014 event, which has helped us in shaping this next generation Hajj and Umrah management system. We hope our proposed system will make Makkah and Madinah as a Smart City.

281





Paper title: Next Generation Hajj and Umrah: A smart City Perspective

Paper abstract:

In this research, we present our vision about Hajj experience that we assume would be a reality in 2020. We are assuming Makkah a smart city where each entity related to Hajj and Umrah will directly be connected through a smart city framework to offer all the services to each stakeholder in an efficient and smart way. The proposed framework will help providing Hajj and Umrah related services to each entity such as pilgrims, their family members, Hajj agencies, vehicles and transport system, municipality, governments, health institutions and emergency handling agencies in a smarter way. All these entities will be connected and will contribute their due share to multimedia spatio-temporal data that needs big data repository to support a very large Hajj and Umrah crowd. The proposed framework captures the individual’s context and serves with a subset of relevant services and allows being in touch with a subset of one’s community of interest. We leverage the spatio-temporal multi-media sensory data captured by our framework to define users’ contexts for optimized services. Our proposed framework is also envisioned to assist the Hajj and Umrah authorities to (1) improve Hajj & Umrah service quality, (2) improve Hajj organization through better understanding of pilgrims’ (individual and crowd) spatial and tem-poral behaviour and need, and (3) make Makkah a smart city. In particular, the proposed methods, techniques, and algorithm will support the pilgrimage with quality of experience. We have tested our initial system through end-user subjects during the Hajj 2014 event, which has helped us in shaping this next generation Hajj and Umrah management system. We hope our proposed system will make Makkah and Madinah as a Smart City.

282

Name: م. معماري ياسر سعيد محمد عبد العزيز أبو السعود (المتحدث) & د.م. أحمد محمد عبد العليم عبد الرازق

Work place: مجموعة بن الدن السعودية

Job title: مهندس معماري


Paper title: تحليل أداء المباني المستدامة باستخدام نمذجة معلومات البناء (BIM) “تقييم محاكاة مؤشرات األداء” - Sustainable Buildings Performance Analysis Using BIM “Assessing the KPIs Simulation”

Paper abstract:

1 مقدمــة مــع تطــور الفكــر اإلنســاني زادت الجهــود لتحســين مخرجــات المشــروعات لتشــمل مراعــاة البيئــة وراحــة اإلنســان والحفــاظ علــى الصحــة العامــة، ممــا دعــا إلــى وضــع تصــورات أوســع ألثــر هــذه المشــروعات ووضــع آليــات العمــل Architecture( وخطــة )المناســبة لتحقيــق هــذه األهــداف. وربطهــا بخطــط زمنيــة محــددة مثــل خطــط الــدول لعــام )20302030( و )Net Zero Buildings( وغيرهــا مــن الخطــط والمبــادرات، وقــد نشــأت تبعــا لهــذه التطــورات محــاوالت ناجحــة تخــدم التكامــل بيــن التخصصــات المختلفــة ذات الصلــة بــإدارة عمليــات التصميــم والبنــاء والتشــغيل والصيانــة، والزالــت هنــاك محــاوالت أكثــر طموحــا للمزيــد مــن التحســين والتكامــل. وقــد أخــذ البحــث فــي اعتبــاره تتبــع أحــد المنهجيــات الطموحــة لتحقيــق هــذا التكامــل الــذي يخــدم مســتقبل إدارة التشــييد واســتنادا إلــى التقــدم الملحــوظ فــي برمجيــات BIM التــي تمكــن فريــق التصميــم مــن دمــج الكثيــر مــن المعلومــات فــي نمــوذج تخيلــي مســبق ومــا تشــمله هــذه المعلومــات مــن مســتندات وعمليــات التنســيق والتحليــل المطلــوب القيــام بهــا علــى مــدار دورة حيــاة المشــروع، واالســتفادة مــن تلــك المميــزات فــي التوجــه المســتقبلي للخــروج بمشــروعات حضريــة وأبنيــة أكثــر توافقــا مــع متطلبــات اإلنســان والبيئــة بمــا ال يؤثــر علــى حــق أجيــال المســتقبل فــي المزيــد مــن التحســين والراحــة وهــو مــا تعمــل علــى تحقيقــه منهجيــات تقييــم المبانــي المســتدامة/الخضراء حــول العالــم. § االنتشــار الواســع للتصايميــم التــي تأخــذ فــي اعتبارهــا البيئــة واإلنســان. § توجــه بعــض البلــدان العربيــة لتحقيــق أهدافهــا لخطــة 2030 والــذي يتطلــب اتخــاذ خطــوات جــادة نحــو التنميــة المســتدامة. ســؤال البحــث: يحــاول البحــث اإلجابــة علــى الســؤال التالــي بهــدف ضمــان دقــة البيانــات وأدوات قيــاس BIM: § هــل يمكــن الحصــول علــى نمــوذج محــاكاة ألداء األبنيــة المســتدامة باســتخدام برمجيــات BIM قــادر علــى قيــاس مؤشــرات أداء )KPI’s( اإلســتدامة ؟ منهــج البحــث: تــم بنــاء منهــج البحــث علــى جمــع المعلومــات مــن األبحــاث ذات الصلة في السنوات الخمس األخيرة في نطاق تقييم فوائد استخدام أدوات BIM كأداة قياس ألداء المباني ومقارنة نتائج الحســابات اليدويــة مــع نتائــج محــاكاة BIM وأيضــا األداء الفعلــي للمبنــي، والعمــل علــى تحديــد مؤشــرات أداء المبانــي المســتدامة ودراســة آليــات عمــل برمجيــات BIM كأدوات محــاكاة األداء فــي هــذا البحــث والرجــوع إلــى المصــادر التــي تعتمــد عليهــا فــي تقييــم أداء المبانــي المســتدامة. وأجــرى البحــث تحليــل األداء علــى مبنــى فنــدق، وجمــع بيانــات األداء الفعلــي لــه مــن واقــع دفاتــر الحســابات المســجلة للفواتيــر الدوريــة الســتهالك الكهربــاء والميــاه بهــدف عقــد مقارنــة بيــن نتائــج المحــاكاة وبيــن األداء الفعلــي للمبنى.وبنــاءا علــى مــا خلصــت إليــه الدراســة قــام البحــث باقتــراح منهجيــة عمــل )Framework( تهــدف إلــى تحســين طــرق قيــاس مؤشــرات األداء الرئيســية للمبانــي المســتدامة. رســم توضيحــي 1: خطــة البحــث النتائــج: اســتنتج البحــث أن BIM يمكــن تطويــره لقيــاس أداء المبانــي المســتدامة فــي مرحلــة لتصميــم مــع ضــرورة تعديــل آليــة عمــل محــاكاة أداء المبانــي موضحــة فيمــا يلــي: 1. دمــج عمليــات محــاكاة التصميــم األمثــل لكفــاءة الطاقــة فــي مرحلــة التصميــم األوليــة . 2. اســتحداث إضافــات مبرمجــة )Add-ins( ينحصــر نطــاق عملهــا فــي مقارنــة )Matching( مخرجــات المحــاكاة بمؤشــرات أداء المبانــي المســتدامة فــي مراحــل التصميــم التاليــة لمرحلــة الفكــرة. 3. إحتــواء فريــق التصميــم علــى طــرف خبيــر لمراجعــة مدخــالت التصميــم فــي مرحلــة تطويــر التصميــم رســم توضيحــي 2: آليــة العمــل المقترحــة لتحليــل أداء المبانــي المســتدامة باســتخدام برمجيــات BIM توصيــات مســتقبلية: يوصــي البحــث بتركيــز األبحــاث المســتقبلية علــى الموضوعــات التاليــة: i. دقــة مخرجــات محــاكاة قيــاس أداء المبانــي

BIM بيــن برمجيــات )Interoperability( تطويــر أطــار العمــل المشــترك .ii

283

Name: عبدهللا ابراهيم محمد المرشد

Work place: شركة قطارات مكة للنقل العام

Job title: مدير ادارة الدراسات والتصاميم


Paper title: نموذج الختيار وتطبيق أسلوب شراكة القطاعين العام والخاص في مشاريع البنى التحتية في المملكة العربية السعودية

Paper abstract:

Public-Private ظهــرت فــي اآلونــة األخيــرة بــوادر التوجــه إلــى تطبيــق أســلوب مشــاركة القطاعيــن العــام و الخــاصPartnership )PPP( مــن خــالل أحــد نماذجــه )BOT، BOOT، DBFO، BOO ( فــي مشــاريع البنــى التحتيــة بســبب بعــض المتغيــرات علــى اقتصــاد المملكــة لعــدد مــن األســباب منهــا: رفــع كفــاءة االنفــاق، صعوبــة التمويــل، تزايــد االلتزامــات الماليــة ، وفاقــم ذلــك تزايــد متطلبــات صيانــة البنيــة التحتيــة المتقادمــة فــي عــدد مــن القطاعــات وكذلــك الزيــادة فــي معــدل النمــو الســكاني. وهــذا االمــر يتوجــب زيــادة كفــاءة أســاليب تعاقــد وإدارة قطــاع بنــاء وتشــغيل المشــاريع لتحقيــق قيمــة المــال المدفــوع Value For Money ليــس فقــط فــي مرحلــة تشــييد المشــروع وإنمــا فــي معظــم مراحلــه ابتــداء مــن التصميــم ووصــوال الــى التشــغيل لفتــرة زمنيــة طويلــة )فتــرة االمتيــاز( لمــا لذلــك مــن تأثيــر علــى االقتصــاد الكلــي ونمــو الناتــج المحلــي. إن مشــاريع المشــاركة بين القطاعين العام والخاص PPP تحتاج إليها بعض الدول ليس بســبب ضعف التمويل او قصور في ميزانياتها وإن كان أحــد األســباب، إال أنــه يوجــد عــدد كبيــر مــن األســباب األخــرى، منهــا: - رفــع جــودة الخدمــة مــن خــالل إشــراك الطــرف القــادر علــى توفيرهــا بشــكل فعــال مــن خــالل تطبيــق الحــس االقتصــادي واإلداري؛ - تنويــع المــوارد االقتصاديــة للدولــة، والمحافظــة علــى المنشــئات؛ - توجيــه جهــود الدولــة إلــى قطاعــات تنمويــة مختلفــة؛ - توليــد واســتمرار التوظيــف للمواطنيــن، وكذلــك توطيــن الصناعــة التقنيــة والمعرفيــة. لقــد ســبقت دول كثيــرة المملكــة فــي تجربــة مشــاركة القطاعيــن العــام والخــاص فــي مشــاريع البنــى التحتيــة، وبمــا أن المملكــة تخطــط لتطبيــق هــذه التجربــة فــي أكثــر مــن قطــاع، فقــد تمــت دراســة تجــارب الــدول التــي طبقــت أســلوب المشــاركة فــي مشــاريع البنــى التحتيــة وعــرض نتائــج تلــك التجــارب )أكثــر مــن 50 مشــروعا تنمويــا فــي أكثــر مــن 20 دولــة(، ثــم اســتنباط المعاييــر التــي كانــت لهــا دور فــي نجــاح أو فشــل تلــك المشــاريع، وبالتالــي تــم جمــع أكثــر مــن 40 معيــارا مقســمة علــى النحــو التالــي، معاييــر تختــص بــــ: االقتصــاد العــام للبلــد، الجوانــب اإلداريــة، الجوانــب القانونيــة، الجوانــب االجتماعيــة، الجوانــب االقتصاديــة والماليــة للمشــروع، والمعاييــر الفنيــة الخاصــة بالمشــروع. تقــاس هــذه المعاييــر وتقيــم مــن خــالل دراســة نســبة مشــاركة القطاعيــن فــي تمويــل المشــروع وتشــغيله، مقــدار تحمــل المخاطــر بيــن القطاعيــن بالمقارنــة مــع العوائــد المطلوبــة Risk/Return ، الملكيــة وإدارة االصــول، وأســلوب تنظيــم الهيــكل اإلداري والقانونــي. اتضــح مــن المراجــع األدبيــة أن االختيــار المناســب لنــوع وأســلوب عقــد تنفيــذ المشــروع يعــد مــن العوامــل المهمــة فــي نجــاح المشــروع، وأن اختيــار طريقــة التعاقــد المناســبة توفــر مــن التكلفــة علــى األقــل مــا قــدرة 5 %، فيمــا قــد تصــل فــي بعــض المشــاريع النســبة إلــى 17% او ))Expert Choice E.C باســتخدام برنامــج AHP( Analytical Hierarchy Process( أكثــر. لقــد تــم تطبيــق أســلوبلمعرفــة مقــدار أهميــة كل معيــار وترتيــب األولويــات مــن خــالل تقييــم المعاييــر والمقارنــة بينهــا، و ذلــك بعمــل نمــوذج يســاعد صانــع القــرار فــي تطبيــق أســلوب المشــاركة بيــن القطاعيــن Public Private Partnership )PPP ( مــن عدمــه. أيضــا

تمــت تجربــة النمــوذج مــن خــالل تطبيقــه علــى بعــض المشــاريع وأظهــرت النتائــج تطابــق المخرجــات.

284

Name: محمد سعد السعيد عيسي

Work place: المركز القومي لبحوث البناء و األسكان



Paper title: A Detailed Immediate Deflection Model for FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams Mohamed S. Issa(1) and Heba M. Issa(2) (1)Professor (speaker) (2)Lecturer Housing and Building National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Paper abstract:

A Detailed Immediate Deflection Model for FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams By Mohamed S. Issa(1) and Heba M. Issa(2 (1)Professor - speake (2)Lecturer Housing and Building National Research Center, Giza, Egypt Email: [email protected] Abstract: The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement for con-crete structures has increased lately due to their corrosion resistance and non-magnetization properties. In this paper a theoretical study of immediate deflections of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer bars (FRP) is presented. The theoretical study is based on experimental results for immediate deflections ex-tracted from four different references. Branson’s equation for the effective moment of inertia is modified and used along with twelve other equations from the literature to calculate the deflections and compare with the experimental tests. The modified equation for the effective moment of inertia gives the best agreement with the experimental results when used for calculating the immediate deflections.

285

Name: Mahmoud Abdallah Mahmoud Mohamed




Paper title: Effect of Skew on Lifting Analysis

Paper abstract:

Authers: Dr. Ahmed Emara, Mahmoud Abdallah Speaker: Mahmoud Abdallah Many jackets and topsides are installed by lifting. Lifting analysis needs to be carried out to check the integrity of structure during onshore and/or offshore lifting. Lifting should be carried out as per API RP2A requirements, lifting weight should be multi-plied by factors to account for dynamic amplification, change of center of gravity and other factors which will af-fect lifting operations. API factors for lifting analysis can be used if fabrication tolerances of slings do not exceed the allowable values as per API RP2A. Otherwise skew should be considered in lifting analysis. Some codes such as DNV accept use of additional factors to consider skew effect. To investigate skew effect on lifting analysis, three different topsides were analyzed to evaluate different parameters that may contribute to the effect of skew on lifting analysis. Also, to evaluate whether applying a factor to account for skew effect in lifting operations will result in design which is conservative or not. The analysis will be carried out assuming one pair of opposite slings are carrying 75% of loads while the other pair are carrying 25% of loads. This can be achieved by applying temperature gradient to increase (or decrease) lengths of slings. Weights of decks are varying from 800 ton to 1500 ton, lifting analysis were carried out for three cases: • Normal case without skew. • First skew case where two opposite slings will carry 75% of load and other slings will carry 25% of load. • Second skew case where two opposite slings will carry 25% of load and other slings will carry 75% of load (opposite to first skew case). The analysis shows that the following points have effect on the results of the analysis: • Variance in slings lengths • Angles of slings • Location of center of gravity • Lifting arrangements • Modeling of fabrication tolerances Based on the results of the analysis, the following points were concluded: • Appling a factor to consider skew will save a lot of analysis time but this will not be on the conservative side for topsides with a considerable shift in center of gravity. • Variance in slings lengths and angles of slings have an important effect on results of lifting analysis thus selection of lifting arrangement is of great importance to avoid overstresses and failure in members / struc-tures and to reduce effect of skew.

286

Name: Mahmoud Abdallah Mahmoud Mohamed




Paper title: Effect of Skew on Lifting Analysis

Paper abstract:

Authers: Dr. Ahmed Emara, Mahmoud Abdallah Speaker: Mahmoud Abdallah Many jackets and topsides are installed by lifting. Lifting analysis needs to be carried out to check the integrity of structure during onshore and/or offshore lifting. Lifting should be carried out as per API RP2A requirements, lifting weight should be multi-plied by factors to account for dynamic amplification, change of center of gravity and other factors which will af-fect lifting operations. API factors for lifting analysis can be used if fabrication tolerances of slings do not exceed the allowable values as per API RP2A. Otherwise skew should be considered in lifting analysis. Some codes such as DNV accept use of additional factors to consider skew effect. To investigate skew effect on lifting analysis, three different topsides were analyzed to evaluate different parameters that may contribute to the effect of skew on lifting analysis. Also, to evaluate whether applying a factor to account for skew effect in lifting operations will result in design which is conservative or not. The analysis will be carried out assuming one pair of opposite slings are carrying 75% of loads while the other pair are carrying 25% of loads. This can be achieved by applying temperature gradient to increase (or decrease) lengths of slings. Weights of decks are varying from 800 ton to 1500 ton, lifting analysis were carried out for three cases: • Normal case without skew. • First skew case where two opposite slings will carry 75% of load and other slings will carry 25% of load. • Second skew case where two opposite slings will carry 25% of load and other slings will carry 75% of load (opposite to first skew case). The analysis shows that the following points have effect on the results of the analysis: • Variance in slings lengths • Angles of slings • Location of center of gravity • Lifting arrangements • Modeling of fabrication tolerances Based on the results of the analysis, the following points were concluded: • Appling a factor to consider skew will save a lot of analysis time but this will not be on the conservative side for topsides with a considerable shift in center of gravity. • Variance in slings lengths and angles of slings have an important effect on results of lifting analysis thus selection of lifting arrangement is of great importance to avoid overstresses and failure in members / struc-tures and to reduce effect of skew.

287

Name: Imad Ahmad

Work place: Pakistan

Job title: Assistant Director


Paper title: Seismic Capacity Assessment of Confined Brick Masonry Model Building

Paper abstract:

Brick masonry is widely used for building construction throughout the world. In Pakistan brick masonry is also preferred for construction because of its simplicity in casting, elegance in appearance and its toughness against the harsh weathering actions of frost and acidity. However, unreinforced brick masonry performed very poor in the earthquake of 2005 in Pakistan, resulting in a decline in the use of brick masonry. In order to inves-tigate and quantify the performance of brick masonry against the seismic forces by confining it through typical stiffer, line elements (column and beams), a full scaled model of plan size 12’x10’ and 11’ high was constructed using confined brick masonry. The model was tested under quasi static loading system, in which the model was subjected to 10 displacement cycles in a force controlled system. Crack Pattern was noted at the end of each displacement cycle. The response of the model was interpreted through a curve which was then idealized by a bilinear curve. A comparison of the results has been made with the results of a similar model made of brick ma-sonry but without confinement, previously tested by Shahzada, in 2011. Comparison of the results of three per-formance levels i.e. Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) obtained from the above two approaches with those of Shazada, 2011 revealed enhanced seismic resistance in all performance levels. Hence this study proves to be a need of the time as it will alleviate the general concerns of the public regarding use of unreinforced brick masonry especially in the earthquake prone region.

288

Name: Mohammed Sale Haddaj Alhadi

Work place:Al Khobar

Job title: Manager, Business Development


Paper title: Jacobs Connected Enterprise (JCE)

Paper abstract:

Jacobs is the front runner in our industry in EPCm/EPC field, offering clients the Jacobs Connected En-terprise (JCE) framework. This framework of technologies, combined with our petroleum and chemicals domain knowledge and our field services ‘boots-on-the-ground’ expertise, allows us to provide innovative solutions to market specific challenges. Our solutions bring together the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), information tech-nology (IT) and network infrastructure, cloud solutions, data analytics and cyber security. With JCE we provide our clients the capability to connect, protect and analyze every aspect of their operations with the aim to work more safely and increase profitability in the past few years, the viability of Jacobs Connected Enterprise (JCE) has been demonstrated, evolving the Digital Asset throughout the construction and commissioning phase en-ables lower operations and maintenance costs. This development has resulted in various approaches being pro-posed for the implementation of JCE in these phases of our projects. Analysis of disruptive technology and the additional value throughout the life-cycle of a facility has generated much attention for Owners and Operators and the adaptation of new technology in construction. JCE enabled applications are rapidly being developed to interface and provide the analytics necessary to optimize our project delivery and an additional a digital asset for Operation and Maintenance.

289

Name: Ahmed Omran & Nancy Soliman & Arezki Tagnit-Hamou

Work place: University of Sherbrooke

Job title: Research Associate


Paper title: USE OF GROUND GLASS POZZOLAN IN MORTAR AND CONCRETE

Paper abstract:

Partial replacement of cement by standardized supplementary-cementing materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, silica fume, or granulated blast-furnace slag could reduce cement production and therefore reduce fossil-fu-el consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. These traditional SCMs are not always available in all regions and would be costly to transport. Developing local alternative SCMs is of paramount importance. Mixed-colored glass cannot be recycled and is normally disposed of in landfills, causing obvious environmental problems. So, valorization of this glass after grinding to same fineness as cement (called ground-glass pozzolan (G)) allows its use as an SCM, especially it has amorphous and pozzolanic behavior. The study reported on herein shows the performance of mortar and concrete containing G when used as a partial replacement of cement – both in laboratory and in large-scale field applications. The outstanding performance of G is enabling it to be a talented new SCM. The G helps densifying the microstructure of concrete leading to the enhancement in the mechanical properties and durability characteristics specially resistance to chloride-ion penetration. The performance of G in mortar and concrete is taken forward to update the CSA and ASTM Standard Specifications to include the G as a new SCM.

290

Name: Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Ali & Dr. Shakeel Ahmed$ & Dr. Jabril Ahmed Khamaj & Dr. Ahmed Abutalib

Work place: College of Engineering, Jazan University



Paper title: Indigenous Saudi technology patented for zeolite-coated honeycomb structured catalysts showing enhanced product selectivity in methanol to propylene conversion

Paper abstract:

Three US patents (9675971 B2, 9682367 B2 and 9738570 B1) have been awarded by United States Patents and Trademark Office (USPTO) recently from the novel concepts and results of the study carried out us-ing zeolite coated monolith honeycomb-based structured catalysts for methanol to propylene conversion. ZSM-5 zeolites having different silica to alumina molar ratios were coated over ceramic-based cordierite monolith structures having 400 cell per square inch (cpsi) using a dip-coating process. Special binders were researched and used for coating the zeolite catalyst onto walls of the monolith cells. The process of coating involved making a, aqueous slurry of the zeolite catalyst with the binder in which the monolith was dipped for a minute, removed, and extra un-adsorbed slurry was removed with blown air. Then the monolith was dried in air for one hour, fol-lowed by drying in oven at 120 °C for one hour and then calcined in a furnace at 500 °C for 3 hours. This pro-cedure was repeated for double layer coated structured catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDX and TEM methods to determine the morphology and surface characteristics. The ZSM-5 powder and ZSM-5 coated monolith structured catalysts were evaluated for methanol to propylene reaction in fixed-bed reaction system equipped with online gas chromatograph. The ZSM-5 having three different silica to alumina ra-tios of 30(Z30), 80(Z80) and 280(Z280) were evaluated for methanol to propylene (MTP) reaction. It was found that ZSM-5 having silica to alumina molar ratio of 280 (Z280) showed highest propylene selectivity and there found a trend of propylene selectivity increasing with increasing silica to alumina ratio of the zeolite (decreasing aluminium content of the zeolites). The Z280 powder was then coated over the monolith structure and tested for MTP reaction. It was found that higher propylene selectivity was achieved with ZSM-5 coated on monolith as compared to ZSM-5 powder. This is due of the fact that the monolith structure offered better mass transfer, a low pressure drop, high thermal stability and good mechanical strength over conventional catalyst pellets or powders, and thus higher catalytic efficiency was achieved. The amount of zeolite used in structured catalyst was several times less than the zeolite powder for similar methanol conversion.

291

Name: Salem Mohammed Saleh Shuaib

Work place: Msar Istidamh Engineering & Consulting

Job title: Project management consultant


Paper title: Project Management Performance in Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study into the Constructs that Most Influence Project Success

Paper abstract:

The research study reported in this paper was focused on investigating the project management practices and project management performance in projects planned, underway or completed in the public and private sectors in Saudi Arabia. By examining specific project management variables using an adapted model construct, the research looked to answer a specific question: what are the challenges facing project management performance practices in Saudi Arabia? The literature review presented previous research encompassing project management performance, which has shown the value of applying project management performance models to determine the effectiveness of specific variables that influence project outcomes and can lead to project success. The research reported here ex-panded the previous research and similarly showed how certain project management attributes can both add value and increase the likelihood of project success. Furthermore, it expanded the contextual model to include change management, which enhanced the relationships between the variables and increased the level of understanding about what change management can bring to a project in terms of successfully translating plans into action and ac-complishment. No previous research into the impact of change management on project management variables was found during an extensive search of the literature. Including the management of change as a tool in project manage-ment thus provided a more holistic model than those currently available. The research was conducted using a web-based survey, which targeted both public and private organizations in Saudi Arabia that have managed projects, and yielded 419 valid responses. These responses were validated, analyzed and tested within the proposed conceptual framework. The research included two phases of statistical analysis. Firstly descriptive, and, to prove the model’s validity, structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed. The results showed that staffing, change management and policy and strategy in Saudi and international organizations were the most important aspects of leadership. There were divergent elements between Saudi and international organizations located in the KSA as to the employment of financial management practices, which in Saudi firms was a function of change management, while in international organizations was predominantly an aspect of policy and strategy. Saudi and international organizations also diverged in the emphasis each placed on change management. For Saudi Arabian firms, change management was the second most critical aspect of both business and project strategy after leadership. Whereas, for international organizations with representatives in the KSA, policy and strategy was deemed the second most important attribute, reflected the regional influence that looks to policy and strategy to market projects. This view extends the concept of the opera-tional influence that policy and strategy has in projects. This research contributes both theoretically and on a practical level. On a scholarly level, the research extends the development of knowledge regarding project management per-formance and specifically the use of the project management performance assessment model (PMPA). On a practical level, it acknowledges the value of staff, which affirms the regional need for skilled labor to achieve project goals. This finding strongly argues for more training and education programs in the region, since the persistent lack of the appro-priate skill mix poses challenges and has serious implications for project managers.

292

Name: Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Ali & Dr. Halim Hamid Redhwi & Dr. Jabril Ahmed Khamaj

Work place: College of Engineering, Jazan University



Paper title: POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE: CAUSES OF POLYMER DEGRADATION AND USE OF PROPER ADDITIVES FOR STABILIZATION

Paper abstract:

This paper reports the causes of polymer degradation; methods of stabilization of polymers, evaluation and screening of plastic products by natural outdoor weathering trials and artificially accelerated weathering trials and characterization of exposed plastics for their mechanical physical and chemical properties. The types of degradation include mechanical, chemical and physical degradation. The causes of degradation include envi-ronmental such as heat, light and manmade atmospheric pollutants such as NOx and SOx; Induced as in rubber mastication like high shear, and during polymer processing stages such as extrusion, injection molding, and mixing. During polymer processing, thermal degradation including pyrolysis and thermal oxidation occur. The presence of oxygen, shear and high temperatures generates radicals and results in changes in physical, chem-ical and mechanical properties. Outdoor weathering is a complex process involving both thermal and photo oxidation. Heat, radiation, rain, humidity, atmospheric contaminants, thermal cycling, and oxygen content of air all contribute to degradation of polymers. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main cause for degradation of polymers through photo oxidation process. Polymers such as polyolefin, polystyrenes, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetals, polyacrylonitrile, polyisoprene are more light-sensitive relatively. Photo oxidation takes place on the surface of polymers during exposures to environment. UV radiations constitute less than 5% of sunlight. Three types of UV solar radiation are classified as UVA (400-320 nm), UVB (320-290 nm) and UVC (290-200 nm) based on their wavelength. UVA energy can cause severe damaging effect on pigmentation in some polymers. The UVB radiation is mainly responsible for severe damage of exposed polymers. The sunlight energy causes loss of properties including physical (surface, color), mechanical (tensile, impact), and chemical (oxidation). Stabiliza-tion of polymers is achieved by modification of molecular structure and use of additives during melt processing and thermo-oxidative degradation. PVC is stabilized by incorporating heat stabilizers and non-metallic organic compounds such as epoxy stabilizers from natural origin. Heat stabilizers include lead compounds, calcium and zinc stearate, and organometallic compounds such as organ tins compounds for PVC pipes and fittings. The autoxidation can be stopped by trapping free radical and hydro peroxide intermediates through primary antioxi-dants like peroxide radical traps and secondary antioxidants such as peroxide decomposers. The polymers can be protected from UV radiation using UV absorbers, and by hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) which can trap free radicals generated by UV radiation. The characterization of the exposed plastics is carried out for phys-ical properties such as color, yellowness index, surface characteristics, melt flow index and optical properties; chemical properties including carbonyl development and molecular weights; mechanical properties like tensile, impact and elongation at break and thermal properties such as percent crystallinity, and crystalline melting point. In conclusion, life of a polymer is dependent on type of additives used and its concentration. Use of the proper additive in optimum concentration is very important for stabilization of polymer. Natural weathering trials are sig-nificant for determining the accurate lifetime of a polymer sample. The artificially accelerated weathering trials are important for quick assessment and screening of similar types of polymers samples.

293

Name: Hamada Shoukry Mohamed El fakhry & Mohamed Saad Morsy


Job title: Lecturer


Paper title: Nano-structured Lightweight Cementations Surface Compounds for Sustainable Energy Efficient Buildings

Paper abstract:

The thermal characteristics of the building envelope have a major impact on the energy efficiency of buildings and can make a significant contribution to minimizing the building energy consumption for heating and cooling and hence in reducing CO2 emissions. Cementations materials are the most frequently used plastering material in the world and even a small improvement in their thermal resistivity can lead to considerable ener-gy savings. In this study; novel lightweight cementations surface composites (LWCSC) with improved thermal resistivity, enhanced solar reflectivity and reasonable mechanical strength have been developed utilizing low cost and locally available materials including white Portland cement, Expanded perlite aggregate, Exfoliated Vermiculite, Natural fibers and Nano met kaolin . The bulk density, thermal conductivity, solar reflectivity, flexural strength, and capillary water absorption were determined in accordance to ASTM standards at 28 days of cur-ing. The microstructure characteristics of the hardened LWCSC were investigated by scanning electron micro-scope (SEM). The developed composites showed considerable reduction in thermal conductivity coefficient, the maximum reduction was 84.2 % as compared with ordinary mortar. Significant enhancement in solar reflectivity has been achieved. The flexural strength of the produced LWCSC attained 2.9 MPa which might satisfies pre-scribed standards requirements. In order to assess the quantitative impact of the decrease of thermal conduc-tivity of LWCSC on the energy efficiency of residential buildings, the building energy analysis program Design Builder was used to simulate the annual energy consumption for a typical residential house in Saudi Arabia under the climatic conditions of Riyadh city. The results indicated that LWCSC caused a reduction in cooling energy consumption by about 34 %.

294

Name: Ahmed Kamaledin Mohamed Emara

Work place: McDermott Arabia Ltd.

Job title: Manager Structural Engineering


Paper title: Innovated approach in calculation of bearing stresses under mud mat for offshore jackets

Paper abstract:

Authors: Dr Ahmed Kamal Emara (McDermott) Prakasha Kuppalli (ARAMCO) Abstract Driven piles will provide stability for jackets during different sea conditions such as operating and storm conditions. Before driv-ing of piles, the stability of jackets needs to be checked in addition to stresses on soil during installation since soil stresses under the base of the jacket can be critical prior to the installation of the permanent pile foundation. The main applied loads during installation will be jacket weight, full weight of piles or partial weight in addition to installation environmental loads. To check the stability of jacket during installation and bearing stresses acting on soil, on bottom stability analysis needs to be carried out as per API requirements, different checks need to be performed for the mud mat which is designed to support the jacket during installation including overturn-ing check, sliding check, integrity for mud mat structural members and bearing capacity check. As a result of combined effect of vertical gravity loads and horizontal environmental loads, tension stresses can exist under mud mat. API allow to use reduced area method to calculate the modified stress when tension stresses exist. Reduced area method is applicable for some geometric shapes such as rectangle and circle but not applicable to all geometric shapes or combination of geometric shapes. Mud mat which consists of four rectangles or two rectangles are common for offshore jackets but reduced area method can’t be used in this case. A simplified method was developed to calculate modified bearing stress when reduced area method can’t be used. The sim-plified method was based on modification of the reduced area method in order to be used for mud mat consists of two rectangles. On bottom stability analysis will be performed for different jackets and results based on using of the simplified method will be presented with description of other methods can be used. However, the sim-plified method can be used for specific geometries and more general solution is required which can be used for different shapes. A software program was developed to solve the same problem more accurately by dividing the mud mat into small areas and calculating stresses and forces for each area then solving using iterative process for the static equilibrium of forces and moments of mud mats. The results of the proposed approach which can be adopted for different shapes will be presented with comparison to the results of the simplified method. Also, validation of the new approach/software to calculate the modified stress under mud mat will be presented. Con-clusions of the analysis will be presented with recommendations for applying the developed method in design works and projects.

295

Name: & OSAMA MOHAMED AHMED ADAM & REEM AL-FAHAL MOHAMMED

Work place: Sudan University of Science and Technology- College of Engineering - Department of Civil Engi-neering



Paper title: Concept and Application of Learning Organization in Sudanese Construction Industry

Paper abstract:

Abstract The research provide an overviews of current literature in this field, highlighting the importance of development of a company as a learning organization, the main characteristics of a leaning organization and also describes the means, the rules and practical steps needed to transform a traditional organization into a learning organization. Data collected using a structured questionnaire administered on fifty selected construction industry organizations operating in Khartoum state. In the process, thirty-five completed questionnaires received and used a Statically Package for Social Sciences )SPSS( for ,%70 at response rate of analyzing and. .processing data The result indicated that “Promote inquiry and dialogue “ and “Establish systems to share and capture learning “ ranked highest while “ Connect the organization to its environment “ was ranked less. Also at second part of questionnaire, the “Human Resources” and “ Leadership” occupies first place while the “Structure” occupies the last rank in existence. The research seeks to provide some recommendations for developing all dimensions of Learning Organization to consolidate the concept and importance of the Learning Organization. In addition, to set a goal of transformation to a Learning Organization as a strategic goal and increasing trend toward decentralization and encourage cooperating and collective learning, develop the suggestion system and connect the organization withits external environment. المســتخلص تنــاول هــذا البحــث نظــرة عامــة عــن الدراســات الســابقة والحاليــة عــن المنظمــة المتعلمــة وســلط الضــوء علــي أهميتهــا للمنظمــات الســودانية,كذلك بيــن ســماتها األساســية والقواعــد والخطــوات الفعليــة التــي يجــب إتباعهــا لتحويــل المنظمــة التقليديــة لمنظمــة متعلمــة قــادرة علــي البقــاء والتحمــل والنجــاح. تــم تصميمإســتبيان لجمــع المغلومــات, وتكــون مجتمعالبخــث مــن الشــركات العاملــة فــي قطاعالتشــييد بواليــة الخرطــوم, وتــم توزيــع 50 إســتبيانا بلــغ العائــد منهــا 35 إســتبيانا,بمعدل إســتجابة 70%, وأســتخدم برنامــج الحزمــة اإلحصائيــة للعلــوم اإلجتماعيــة لمعالجــة وتحليــل البيانــات . مــن النتائــج التــي توصــل اليهــا البحــث,إن أكثــر أبعــاد المنظمــة المتعلمــة توافــرا فــي مؤسســات التشــييد همــا:« تشــجيع الحــوار واإلستفســار« و : إنشــاء نظــم المعرفــة والتعلــم«, فــي حيــن كان أقــل األبعــاد توافراهــو » ربــط المنظمــة ببيئتهــا الخارجيــة«. وقــد وجــد أيضــا أن أكثــر األدوات وجــودا لبنــاء المؤسســة المتعلمــة همــا« المــوارد البشــرية« و » القيــادة الداعمــة« بينمــا أقلهــا وجــودا » الهيــكل« . وأوصــي البحــث بتطويــر كل بعــد مــن أبعــاد المنظمــة المتعلمــة الســبعة ومعالجــة نقــاط الضعــف فيهــا, مثــل نوعيــة وترســيخ مفهــوم المنظمــة المتعلمــة لــدي القيادييــن فــي المؤسســات, و وضــع هــدف تحــول المؤسســة اليمنظمــة متعلمــة علــي أنــه هــدف إســتراتيجي, وإنشــاء النظــم المعرفيــة لتبــادل المعرفــة علــي مســتوي المؤسســات , وإتاحــة فــرص التعلــم المســتمر للموظفيــن, وزيــادة التوحــه نحــو الالمركزيــة فــي إتحــاذ القــررات, وتشــجيع التعــاون والتعلــم الجماعــي , وتطويــر نظــم األقتراحــات,

وربــط المنظمــة ببيئتهــا الخارجيــة.

296

Name: Alaa Husam Ahmad Ghaith

Work place: McDermott Arabia Ltd.

Job title: Associate Structural Engineer


Paper title: Effects of the Influence of Adjacent Footings on the Bearing Capacity and Vertical Stresses on Co-hesionless Sand

Paper abstract:

Authors: Alaa Ghaith Ahmed Emara Abstract Foundations are essential element in all structures. It trans-fers all the loads from the superstructure to the soil. For isolated foundations, the bearing capacity has the great-est impact in determination the footing geometry. Studies are limited since discussing the effects of adjacent footings on the bearing capacities are limited. This paper will show parametric studies to show the influence of adjacent footings based on the discussed literature. Two identical adjacent rigid strip footings with a spacing equals their width placed on rough cohesion less soil were studied to evaluate the vertical stresses underneath them. Due to influence of adjacent footing, the bearing capacity can increase by up to 300% for cohesion less sand as found in this study.

297

Name: Rasha Ali Mohammed Al Udhaib

Work place: creative international school

Job title: Quality and Assurance Manager


Paper title: SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS, PHENOLS AND FLAVONOIDS FROM SAUDI ARABIA DATES

Paper abstract:

Cultivated dates are a stable food source in many countries, playing significant roles the people’s nu-trition and their economy. The date palm fruit is the most important crop in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and is cultivated in nearly all regions of the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia is the world’s second-largest producer of dates, growing 16% of global date production. Saudi Arabia has more than 23.7 million date palm trees cultivated on more than 156,000 hectares and producing about 992,000 tonnes of dates annually. However, there has been a significant interest in recent years regarding the properties of antioxidants, phenols and flavonoids found in dates. These compounds have been found to neutralize free radicals inside the body which originate from met-abolic. Free radicals are dangerous because they trigger chemical chain reactions within the body that damage or kill cells and as such they have been linked to a number of diseases. The aim of this study was to optimize extraction conditions of antioxidants, phenols and flavonoids from dates. First, the effects of sample: solvent ratio (1:20, 1:40 and 1:60), reaction temperature (25, 35, 45, 55 and 65°C), reaction time (1, 2, 3 and 4 h), sol-vent concentration (0, 50 and 75%) and solvent type (acetone and ethanol) on the yield of these compounds from ajwa date were investigated. The optimum extraction condition was used to compare the yields of these compounds from freeze dried ajwa date and fresh ajwa date as well as from 5 dates (Ajwa. Khalas, sukkari, red sukkari and sofry). The three hours reaction time at 55°C with a sample: solvent ratio of 1:20 and 75% ethanol were the optimum extraction conditions for antioxidants yield while 3 h reaction time at 65°C with a sample: solvent ratio of 1:20 and 75% acetone were the optimum conditions for phenols and flavonoids extraction from fresh ajwa date. Freeze drying procedure obtained higher yields for antioxidants (84.60%), phenols (55.70%) and flavonoids (29.99%) than those obtained from fresh ajwa date. Ajwa dates had the highest antioxidants, phenols and flavonoids (73.10 mg/g, 355.24mg/g and 57.52mg/g), followed by khalas (62.85 mg/g, 252.01 mg/g and 52.47 mg/g), sukkari (62.45 mg/g, 204.65 mg/g and 43 mg/g), red sukkari (61.10 mg/g, 200.59 mg/g and 41.65 g/mg) and sofry (60.39 mg/g, 184.05 mg/g and 41.22 mg/g).

298

Name: Hanafy M. Omar & Saad Mukras & Abul-Aziz AlaboodiCultivated




Paper title: Assessment of Using Flexible Solar Panels for Powered-Parachute Flying Vehicles

Paper abstract:

A powered parachute (PPC) is an unconventional aircraft that consists of a frame (usually made of metal or wood), a ram air parachute (parafoil) and a propeller that is driven by a piston or electric motor In contrast to the conventional aircrafts, PPC’s use parachutes instead of fixed rigid wings to produce the lift. To achieve flight, thrust from propellers because the PPC to advance forward which intern causes the parachute generate lift and thus enabling the PPC to takeoff. The PPC is controlled by steering the parachute right or left to make turns. Climb and descent is achieved by adjusting the engine power. This makes controlling the PPC easier than controlling a typical aircraft especially since PPCs do not have control surfaces such us ailerons, rudders or elevators. Powered parachutes are currently widely used in recreational sports and are also being investi-gated for military use. Unlike fixed-wing aircrafts and rotorcrafts, PPCs have the capability of low altitude flight as well as low turbulence from the propeller. They also have the ability to achieve low speed flight. This makes them suitable candidates for high-resolution photography and has also generated interest in their use as tactile unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition, PPCs have a level of flight stability comparable to that of lighter-than-air vehicles (such airships) but have greater maneuverability and resistance to wind. They would therefore play an important role somewhere between lighter-than-air vehicles and fixed-wing aircraft. One conceivable and im-portant application that these vehicles could be used for patrolling and surveillance of an area of interest, which could include borders, battlefields, or flooded regions. In this work, we seek to increase the endurance of the PPC vehicle by the use of solar energy. We propose to cover the PPC’s big parafoil with thin flexible solar panels that will be used to generate additional power required to produce thrust (via the motor). The objective of this work is to assess the potential of using the available solar cells in the market to provide the power required to fly PPC with a small payload such as a high resolution camera.

299

Name: Eng. Ali Musaad Salem Alharthi & Dr. Saleh Hamel Al-Salem

Work place: Najran University

Job title: مهندس مدني باحث في مجال االستدامة


Paper title: Methods of transferring current housing models in the KSA to incorporate green building princi-ples

Paper abstract:

The intensive use of fossil fuel has been found to be the main cause of major environmental problems. Still oil is the main source of electricity generation in Saudi Arabia and most of the generated electricity consumed by the housing sector. For this reason, the demand for sustainable products and services is increasingly required in our housing projects. Sustainable techniques such as solar energy (Off Grid System), natural ventilation, sky lighting system and water efficiency solutions can actually make our housings more efficient. Thus, a case study has been conducted to inspect the current situation of the housing projects in the kingdom. One of the major objectives of this study is to propose effective and sustainable solutions, aiming to improve the performance of future housing projects in the KSA. The key findings of inspecting the current housing projects can be summa-rized as (a). The building shape is not supporting green design concept. (b). There is no enough space (yard) to planting more trees and green area. (c) The used building materials have poor thermal performance (non-insu-lator bricks) (d). The energy use is very dependent on nonrenewable sources; also, the designed water network has completely ignored the principle of water efficiency design. Ultimately, there is no doubt that green building concept is one of the most effective solutions to improve our housing sector and more importantly to support the intention of our recent Saudi 2030 Vision. According to the literature review, many sustainable projects have been successfully constructed in the GCC and have exceeded the expectations. For instance, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Jeddah. It is the largest sustainable project in the Middle East, which obtained a Platinum level on the LEED rating levels. Another examples are King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh, Masdar City in UAE and Bee’ah headquarter in UAE. These sustainable projects have been revised in order to take useful techniques, process and lessons to enhance our future housing models.

300

Name: mohamed saad ahmed morsy (speaker) & hamada mohamed shokry & shiref ahmed el kodry & mah-mud mamdoh moktar

Work place: المركز القومي لبحوث االسكان والبناء

Job title: استاذ دكتور


Paper title: Microstructure and Phase Composition of Composite Cement Mortar Containing High-surface Area Nano Metakaolin

Paper abstract:

M. S. Morsy, H. Shoukry, Sherif A. El-khodary and M. M. Mokhtar Housing and Building National Re-search Center (HBRC), Cairo, Egypt Abstract The microstructure and phase composition of composite cement mortar made with varying percentages of nano metakaolin (NMK) were experimentally investigated. The nano kaolin (NK) used in this investigation was thermally activated at 600oC for 3 h in electric furnace. Two groups of NMK-blended cement mortars have been prepared, the first group was cast by using calcined nano metaka-oline), while the second group has been cast by using exfoliated NMK. The NMK were exfoliated using ammo-nium chloride by using ultrasonic. The cement were partially replaced by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 % NMK by weight. The experimental results showed that 28 days compressive strengths of composite cement mortars increase as the replacement by NMK increases up to 3% and then decreases as the NMK increases Up to 5%. . It is demonstrated that the nano-particles are more valuable in enhancing strength than silica flour. In addition, the microstructure and phase composition was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo- gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of these examinations indicate that NMK behaves not only as a filler to improve microstructure, but also as an activator to promote pozzolanic reaction. Keywords: Nano metakaolin; Compressive strength; Thermal analysis; Microstructure.

301

Name: Muhammad Khitab Ahmed & Muhammad Shahid Khan (Speaker) & Ameen Uddin Ammar & Asad Hayat & Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan

Work place: National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad



Paper title: Corrosion investigation of SAN/PANI/FLG and ZnO/GO coated pipeline cast iron, subject to corro-sive environments

Paper abstract:

Corrosion causes severe damage to industrial pipelines and equipment which results in a significant de-crease in their service life. In few cases, corrosion leads to catastrophic failures, loss of human lives, and global loss in economy to around $2.5 trillion, equivalent of 3.4% of global GDP [NACE]. A total cost saving by miti-gating corrosion could be up to $875 billion [NACE]. This research is a direct response to the need to enhance structural integrity and cost saving. Coatings are cost effective, durable and reliable solution to mitigate cor-rosion within metallic structures. During this research hybrid polymer SAN/PANI/FLG and ceramic based ZnO/GO nanocomposite coatings have been investigated as anticorrosive design solutions for pipelines applications subject to aggressive environments. Both nanocomposite coatings were experimentally analyzed in seawater and crude oil ‘produced water’, for their efficacy as corrosion resistant barriers on cast iron. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed on these two coatings and the analyses of their impedance and coating capacitance indicated excellent corrosion resistant behavior in the aggressive environments. While the Tafel scan (DC corrosion technique) was used to determine the corrosion rate of nanocomposite coated cast iron. Corrosion resistance of polymeric based SAN/PANI/FLG coating was found to be reasonably higher than ceramic base ZnO/GO coating in seawater as well as ‘produced water’. SAN/PANI/FLG coating reduced the corrosion of bare metal up to 90% in seawater environment with the highest reported impedance value of 250 ohms, whereas, ZnO/GO suppressed the corrosion up to 75% having the impedance value of 100 ohms. In pro-duced water of crude oil, SAN/PANI/FLG coating proved to be significantly good corrosion resistant compared with ZnO/GO coating. SAN/PANI FLG reduced the corrosion up to 95% with impedance value of 1000 ohms while ZnO/GO suppressed the corrosion up to 10% with the impedance value of 90 ohms.

302

Name: Yusif Adel Farwan Alghamdi-(Speaker) & Zhengbiao Peng & Jafar Zanganeh & Behdad Moghtaderi & Elham Doroodchi

Work place: University of Newcastle



Paper title: The Effect of Solids Holdup on the Hydrodynamic Similarity Between Lab and Scaled-Up Demon-stration Pilot Plant Cold Flow Model of Chemical Looping Combustor CFM-CLC

Paper abstract:

The process of chemical looping combustor (CLC) is based on transferring O2 from the air reactor to the fuel reactor via oxygen carrier particles. This method helps to avoid direct contact between the fuel and the air, which reduces NOx in the flue-gases after combustion. The primary flue-gases before combustion are mainly N2 and unreacted O2. The main advantage of the process relates to the CO2 capture and sequestration tech-nologies. CLC has an inherent ability to separate CO2 without the need for a separation unit or any other unit that has an energy penalty. The performance of CLC (a dual-interconnected circulating fluidized beds) usually studied in cold flow models (CFMs). CFM-CLC can be scaled up or down which is useful for the hydrodynamic analysis of fluidized beds. The opportunity of working at ambient conditions has been found beneficial for scal-ing purposes, as it can provide (i) a practical and reliable support to the analysis of existing cold or hot plants, (ii) optimization of plant operations and evaluation of new designs, and (iii) the ability to predict the experimental conditions in the corresponding large or small system. A wide-ranging spectrum of variables can be considered in a CFM, such as the geometry of the components, the influence of particle properties, operating conditions, and the solids volume fraction (holdup) in the system. Generally, a non-dimensional set of scaling laws are used that was firstly developed and later simplified by Glickman et al. (1993). These scaling laws are usually used to maintain the hydrodynamics similarity between smaller or cold unit with the corresponding larger or hot unit, or vice versa. In this study, a 200-kWth demonstration pilot plant CFM–CLC which is a scaled-up unit of a 10-kWth CFM–CLC unit (the first of its kind in Australia) was designed, fabricated and commissioned. The hydrodynam-ic similarity of these two units in terms of pressure drop profile and solids circulation rate were investigated. The results showed that Glickman’s scaling laws were successfully implemented. The scaling factor calculated by using the ratio of the fluidization gas velocity between the two units in relation with the square root of the height ratio of the air reactor between the two units was 2.4. This was found to be well in agreement with the experimentally obtained factor of 2.56. Therefore, by using this factor and keeping the ratio of the system solids volume fraction between the two units (i.e. wsys(L)/sys(S)) equaling 1, hydrodynamic similarity between the two units was established under the same solids circulation rate. However, a modification on the dimensionless fluidization gas velocity was proposed by including the systems solids volume fraction (sys) term in the relation. The new modified relation takes into account any changes in the ratio of solids volume fraction between the two scaled units (i.e. sys(L)/sys(S)≠1) to keep both units operating under the same solids circulation rate. The modified correlation was validated against the experimental results, which showed a deviation of less than ±6% between the predicted and the actual experimental results.

303

Name: Corresponding author : Eng. Mowffq Mohammad Al Sanousi (Speaker) & PhD. Harun Pirim


Job title: Contract Advisor


Paper title: Distance Constrained Location Problems

Paper abstract:

Organizations in the private and public sectors are subject to decisions regarding the location of facili-ties and the minimum number of facilities required to satisfy certain needs at various types of costs, including fixed and variable. In this regard, some of the most common location models used to locate facilities, including P-median and set covering are inadequate to some real-world scenarios. Hence, this paper introduces an op-timized model for determining the required number of facilities and their locations to serve sets of nodes (i.e., departments) within a specified range of distance. The proposed model also assigns parking spots to parking areas based on need and availability and minimizes total travel distance. In addition, the paper develops a deter-ministic integer programming model and implements it on a real-world case.

304

Name: Ayub Elahi & Ahsan Saeed & Muhammad Ansar & Hafiz Hassan Usman

Work place: University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan



Paper title: Effect of various Mineral Fillers on Self-Compacting Mortar

Paper abstract:

In this research, the effect of various mineral fillers on the fresh and hardened properties of self-com-pacting mortar was evaluated. Various levels of mineral fillers, in the form of quarry dust and marble powder, were added in the mixes as a replacement of binder. A total of 21 mixes were prepared having powder to sand ratio equal to 1:1, 1:1.25 and 1:5. Fresh as well as hardened properties were assessed. The results indicate that a content of mineral fillers up to 10% by weight of binder as a partial replacement of binder can be used for man-ufacturing self-compacting mortar as per EFNARC-2002. Increase in filler content resulted in the loss of work-ability even with slight increase in SP dosage. Compressive strength and flexural strength were also decreased with increase in filler content as compared to those of control mix. Formulations of crystals, determined from Scanning Electron Microscopy results, also verified the compressive strength results.

305

Name: علي محمد علي آل خزيم القحطاني




Paper title: تحسين مقاومة سطوح سبائك األلمنيوم الستخدامها في قطاع النفط والغاز

Paper abstract:

هنــاك العديــد مــن االســتخدامات لعنصــر األلمنيــوم وســبائكه ف ي عــدة مجــاالت نظــرا الحتوائــه علــى خصائــص مميــزة مثــل: خفــة الــوزن مــع المتانــة العاليــة وموصــل قــوي للكهربــاء والحــرارة، إضافــة إلــى إمكانيــة تشــكيله بأشــكال مختلفــة. إال أن ضعــف مقامــة مــادة األلمنيــوم لعوامــل التــآكل والتعريــة تــح ظــروف مختلفــة )ارتفــاع درجــة الحــرارة( يقلــل مــن توســيع اســتخداماته فــي هــذا القطــاع، لذلــك تــم اختبــار تقنيــات مختلفــة لزيــادة مقاومــة األلمنيــوم لظواهــر التــآكل والتعريــة وذلــك بتشــكيل طبقــة Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation .1 :مــن أكســيد األلمنيــوم علــى ســطح المعــدن، ومــن ضمــن هــذه التقنيــات مــا يلــيHard Anodizing )HA .3 .)Plasma Spray Ceramic )PSC .2 .))PEO(. في هذا العرض، تم اختبار سطح األلمنيــوم المطلــي بطبقــة مــن الســراميك باســتخدام التقنيــات آنفــة الذكــر ومقارنــة مقاومتهــا بســطح المعــدن نفســه )بــدون طــالء( تحــت ظــروف مختلفــة مــن حيــث تركيــز الرمــل الممــزوج فــي المــاء وتحــت درجتــي حــرارة مختلفتيــن، ووجــد أن تقنيــة ال )بــي إي أو( هــي األفضــل ممــا يمكــن مــن اســتخدامها فــي قطــاع النفــط الغــاز، ممــا يســاعد علــى اســتخدام مــواد بديلــة ذات مقاومــة عاليــة تســهم فــي توســيع محدوديــة المــواد التقليديــة المســتخدمة حاليــا مثــل مــواد الصلــب )االســتيل( وتزيــد مــن كفــاءة األجهــزة

والماكينــات وإطالــة أعمارهــا المفترضــة، ممــا ســينعكس إيجابــا فــي زيــادة اإلنتــاج وخفــض تكاليــف الصيانــة المســتمرة.

306

Name: Dr. Mohammed A. Aseeri (main Author) & Dr. Yousef S. Alsulaiman

Work place: National Centre for Sensors and Defense Systems Technologies (NCSDST), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST

Job title: Assistance Research Professor


Paper title: The Capability Study of Electromagnetics Wave in Underwater Atmosphere as a Smart Technology for Securities

Paper abstract:

Up till 1970s, underwater Electromagnetic communications were studied with extreme interest. Advan-tages of high-bandwidth and Short Range (SR) communication system became well known in the current digital era. Meantime the military, Ministry of Defense (MOD), Ministry of Interior (MOI), Boarder Guard (BG), Critical Locations, Environment and Oil Industry Operation are critically seeking reliable, SR data link and connector less applications; subsequently, it is the time to reconsider the capability of Electromagnetics in the underwater atmosphere. Together with signal compression techniques and digital technology, Electromagnetics signaling has massive benefits that make it compatible for niche underwater applications. Electromagnetics has many important features that can allow a flexible deployment of UWSNs in seaside regions, even with the limitation of its transmission range and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this research paper will focus on the three most important underwater communication technologies, as we will compares each technology’s requirement, benefits and limitations. A complete picture of the technical assessment related to the capabilities of each type of the communication technology used under water will be provided. The benefits of using EMW especially in our BG, as a new advance tactical and a strategical solution are also pointed. Finally, evaluation of some specific underwater communication technologies will be presented.

307

Name: Abdulaziz Rashed Farhan Alharbi

Work place: Fahad Bin Sultan University



Paper title: Highly Hydrophilic Electrospun Nanofibers Incorporated with Gentamicin as Filter Mediums for Water Treatment

Paper abstract:

Abstract Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was dissolved in dimethylformamide with different weight percentages of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and then gentamicin sulfate powder was added to the solution prior to the elec-trospinning process. Gentamicin was added mainly to remove bacteria and some viruses, while PVP was add-ed to make the surface of membrane hydrophilic to enhance the filtration efficiency. Two water samples were chosen for filtration processes, including the dam water and city wastewater. The filtered dam water samples showed great reductions in total coliforms, E.coli, turbidity, and silica (SiO2) particles. The filtered wastewa-ter samples also showed huge reductions in total coliforms, E.coli, turbidity, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand. The morphology, dimensions and surface contaminations of the nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscope and optical microscopy studies. Both SEM and microscopic images on the nanomembranes before and after filtrations indicated that the electrospun PAN nanofibers have superior water filtration performance.

308

Name: عبدالحميد ابراهيم يونس زبرماوي _ بروفيسور أوليغ أفرونين

Work place: Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics

Job title: Master Researcher at Biomedical Engineering Department


Paper title: CT-SIGNS OF NASAL CAVITY OF DIFFERENT RACE FOR DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE AIR FLOW

Paper abstract:

INTRODUCTION Studying the aerodynamic processes which happen during the breathing process in the nasal cavity are an actual problem when trying to diagnose the pathological states of the upper respiratory tract Unobstructed air passageways as well as sufficient contact of the air flow with the mucous membrane are essential for the correct function of the nose. For that, local flow phenomena, which often cannot be identified by standard diagnostic methods, are important. The results will prove demonstrate that the intimate relation between nasal form and flow can be explored in greater detail than hitherto possible. By outlining means to compare complex airway geometries and demonstrating the effects of rational geometric simplification on the flow structure, this work offers a fresh approach to studies of how natural conduits guide and control flow. The concepts and tools address issues that are thus generic to flow studies in other physiological systems. The idea is to examine breathing of groups of people from different regions according to the structures of their skull, there is different climate, different biological race so we can detect some another in physiology of nose breathing. Also we can overlap anatomical points of skull to CT scan for recognizing race. Skeletal indicators of race focus primarily on top skull structure. We compare the skulls structure and can measure the distance .between some points by using the ruler tool of CT viewer DISCUSSION 1 Air flow through the lower stroke, because of the absence of sinuses in it, is not subjected to such treatment, so the mucosa of the lower nasal passage experiences the greatest load from the drying and cooling effects of the inhaled air. However, this is neutralized by moistened and warmed air on exhalation (80 conditional units of air flow). In the middle nasal passage on exhalation there are 20 convulsions. Units and in the upper 10, Protection of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is especially important in a dry and cool climate of the middle belt and steppe areas. In the native inhabitants of these regions, a natural protective aerodynamic mechanism is formed, especially clearly expressed in the steppe inhabitants. Those who live in a warm and humid climate, he, as it turned out, do not exist at all. Apparently, this is due to the fact, that at them, mucous membranes of the top respiratory ways are not injured by an air stream and do not demand special protection. Relatively speaking, in the indigenous population here is formed the southern aerody-namics of the nose: the main flow of air during inspiration comes Through the lower nasal passage, and when exhaled out through the middle, as if further purging the paranasal sinuses and lowering the humidity in them. Therefore, people with “southern” aerodynamics of the nose differ less developed nasal shells than those whose ancestors originate from the middle and northern latitudes. As if in addition purging the paranasal sinuses and lowering the humidity in them. Therefore, people with southern aerodynamics of the nose differ, less developed nasal shells than those whose ancestors originate from the middle and northern latitudes. As if additionally purging the paranasal sinuses and lowering the humidity in them. Therefore, people with “southern” aerodynamics of the nose differ, less developed nasal shells than those whose ancestors originate from the middle and .northern latitudes NORTHERN TYPE OF NASALAERODYNAMICS 2 Northern type of nasal aerodynamics is when the distance between the anterior end of IT and the nasal septum is not more than 1.5-2 mm inferior turbinate is large in size.: SOUTHERN TYPE OF NASAL AERODYNAMICS 3 Southern type of nasal aerodynamics is when the distance between the anterior end of IT and the nasal septum is more than 2.5 mm.: inferior turbinate is small in size CONCLUSION 4 CT Signs help to understand the differences parameters, thicknesses and volumes for different race ac-cording to the structure of their skull. The most important signs are: Lower eye border, nasal index, nasal cavity shape, nasal bones, nasal overgrowth, nasal sill or dam, lower nasal spine. CT Signs can make our task to find specific signs for definition of race easier. These differences are important factors to know and to understand the dynamic of air flow, by measuring the different points that help us to understand the different alterations in passage size, different structural composition and thickness of each race such as cranial index, nasal cavity and nasal bone. These new results make use of improvements to computational and experimental techniques and resources, which now allow key dynamical features to be investigated, and offer rational procedures to relate variations in anatomical form.

309

Name: عبد هللا محسن احمد زياد

Work place: جامعة جازن - كلية الهندسة

Job title: استاذ مساعد


Paper title: Characteristics of high-strength green concrete containing ultra-fine palm ash

Paper abstract:

Palm ash (PA) from the combustion of palm oil kernel, fiber and empty fruit bunch for electricity gener-ation in palm oil mills. The PA possesses pozzolanic properties with sufficient content of amorphous SiO2, AlO2 and FeO2, which makes it possible to be used with cement to improve properties of concrete. Nonetheless, previous research has shown that the maximum quantity of PA that can be utilized in high-strength concrete is about 30% from the mass of cement. In this study, ultra-fine PA was used obtained via grinding and heat treated to use as a partial cement replacement up to 60% from the mass of cement. This could directly contribute to sustainability of the concrete industry via the utilization of agro-industry by-product in HSGC with lower cement consumption

310

Name: Lamis Salama Awees Ali”&Hesham Mahmoud Aref”&”Waleed hussein”

Work place: Prince Mugrin University- Faculty of Engineering

Job title: Lecturer


Paper title: Sustainable (Urban&Architecture) tourism development in Saudia Arabia for coastal cities in real-izing of the vision of 2030

Paper abstract:

Through regional tourism development strategies and studies indicators in Saudia Arabia, it has turned out that there are some problems or drawbacks that led to the failure of sustainability of urban and architecture development in tourism development areas as its dependence on a single economic base, such as coastal development without considering it as an integrated society. This resulted in seasonal work opportunities and cause individuals to immigrate without settling down in these cities. Despite the facilities which are offered to us by these cities, they are considered the key to desert development in Saudia Arabia. Some basics, which should be available are deduced in the integrated tourism development projects, are deduced and which achieve sus-tainable urban tourism. Tourism (urban&architecture) development projects must have the four aspects of sus-tainability to achieve the region sustainability (environmental aspects -economic aspects – social aspects insti-tutional aspects).

311

Name: محمد وهبة ابراهيم خليل & محمد عاطف إلهامى

Work place: كلية الهندسة والعمارة االسالمية - جامعة ام القرى

Job title: أستاذ التصميم العمرانى


Paper title: تكنولوجيا خامات البناء الذكية وتأثيرها المستدام على تشكيل عمارة وعمران المستقبل

Paper abstract:

إذا كانــت لوحــة الرســم واأللــوان هــي مــادة الفنــان فــي التصويــر وإذا كان الحجــر والرخــام هــي مادتــه فــي النحــت، فــإن مــواد البنــاء والهيــاكل اإلنشــائية والحوائــط هــي مــادة المعمــاري فــي التصميــم، والمبانــى والطــرق وتنســيق المواقــع هــى لغــة المخطــط فــى تركيــب نســيجه العمرانــى، فمنــذ نهايــة القــرن العشــرين وبدايــة القــرن الواحــد وعشــرون شــهد العالــم تالحقــا للتطــورات التكنولوجيــة بإيقــاع ســريع فــي ظــل التطــور فــي اســتخدام التكنولوجيــا والتقنيــات الذكيــة فــي جميــع المجــاالت وخاصــة اإلنشــائية والمعماريــة منهــا، واصبحــت التكنولوجيــا هــى لغــة كافــة التخصصــات، فظهــرت صــور جديــدة غيــر تقليديــة مــن األنظمــة اإلنشــائية والتشــييدية التــي أحدثــت تطــورا جذريــا فــي شــكل وطريقــة تفكيــر المعمارييــن والمخططيــن إلنتــاج عمــارة المســتقبل، وقــد قامــت عــدة دراســات بعــرض انــواع المــواد والخامــات المختلفــة للبنــاء التقليــدي والحديــث ولكنهــا لــم تتطــرق ألهميــة دور إســتخدام المــواد والخاليــا الذكيــة فــى تشــكيل عمــارة المســتقبل وتغييــر نســيجه العمرانــى لتحقيــق مفهــوم االســتدامة وضمــان االســتمرارية لألجيــال القادمــة، وظهــر ذلــك بتطويــع وتوفيــق تقنيــة النانوحيويــة لتطويــر خليــة مفــردة مــن كائــن حــى تعيــش أطــول فتــرة مثــل قشــرة الســيليكون، ومــع تجميــع هــذه الخاليــا بنفــس طريقــة تجميعهــا فــى العضــالت العضويــة لزيــادة كفــاءة التركيــب االنشــائى لهــا وذلــك عــن طريــق توفيــر مــادة ثانــى اكســيد الســيليكون الالبلوريــة Sio2 بالتحكــم الذكــى فــى الحجــم والتركيــب، وترتكــز هــذه العمليــة علــى قابليــة التصميــم للمــواد المركبــة فــى مقيــاس النانــو )10-9 ( ، وتعتبــر هــذه العمليــة هــى أحــدث تركيــب بنائــى لجزيئــات المــادة لعالقتهــا البيولوجيــة بأصغــر جــزئ ذرى فــى تكويــن المــادة، ومــن هنــا يظهــر هــدف البحــث فــى التعــرف علــى خامــات البنــاء الذكيــة والخاليــا الحديثــة المختلفــة واألســاليب التكنولوجيــة والمســتقبلية والتــى تعتبــر جــزءا هامــا مــن أســس التصميــم المعمــاري والعمرانــى حتــى يكــون المــردود التشــكيلي للعناصــر اإلنشــائية مكمــال ومعبــرا عــن المنظومــة المعماريــة والعمرانيــة محققــا االســتدامة فــي كافــة المجــاالت ممــا يؤكــد أهميــة التكامــل بيــن المبنــى بخاماتــه الذكيــة وتكويــن نســيجه العمرانــى، وفهــم عالقــة البيئــة والمــواد البنائيــة بالنســيج العمرانــى، لذلــك فقــد إنتهــج البحــث المنهــج الوصفــى والوصفــى المقــارن لتنــاول عــدة محــاور منهــا المحــور االول وشــمل التعريــف بالتصميــم العمرانــى البيئــي والعمــارة الذكيــة، المحــور الثانــى وتضمــن أنظمــة المــواد والخاليــا الذكيــة، والمحــور الثالــث وتــم فيــه عــرض تطبيقــات اســتخدام المــواد والخاليــا الذكيــة وتأثيــره علــى التصميــم العمرانــى والمعمــارى، إنتهــاءا بالمحــور الرابــع وفيــه تــم إتبــاع المنهــج التطبيقــى والمســحى بعمــل اســتمارة إلســتبيان مفداهــا حصــر لقــدرة الفئــات المســتهدفة مــن أســاتذة الكليــات المعماريــة واالستشــاريين ومهندســى التنفيــذ وحديثــى التخــرج وطلبــة االقســام المعماريــة المختلفــة علــى التعــرف علــى هــذه الخامــات والخاليــا الذكيــة، وقــد خلــص البحــث لمجموعــة مــن النتائــج والتــى تؤكــد صحــة فرضيــة البحــث وهــى أن التقنيــات الذكيــة فــى مجــال تطويــر خامــات البنــاء والخاليــا الذكيــة ســيكون لهــا الــدور الرئيســى فــى تغييــر ســمات العمــارة والعمــران والقــدرة علــى إســتدامتهما، ويوصــى البحــث بضــرورة تعــرف الفئــات المختلفــة علــى

خامــات وخاليــا البنــاء الذكيــة لتحقيــق عمــارة وعمــران مســتدام.

312

Name: Nouf Althobaiti & Sadeem Alharthi & Salha Mohammed M. Alzahrani (Speaker) & Fawziah Alosaimi


Job title: Vice-dean of Graduate Studies at Taif University


Paper title: Smart Blood Bank Refrigerators and Donation System Using the Internet of Things Technology

Paper abstract:

There is always a frequent need for blood donation especially for rare blood classes such as O-. Addi-tional problem is that blood banks do not have efficient and fast communication way with people. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a solution that informs the society about the need for blood donation using the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The proposed work aims to improve the management of blood bank refrigerators and to establish a connection between the blood banks and the donors. Each refrigerator has also an LCD screen to display the current quantity of blood types using built-in sensors. Our system allows directors to know what blood types are available by using a smartphone application connected to the blood refrigerator using IoT. Thus using the IoT technology, we provide sufficient information to both of the medical staff and donor via our smartphone application in order to increase the number of blood donations based on the need of the local blood transfusion services. Our system was implemented and initially tested with King Abdelaziz Specialist Hospital Blood Bank Lan in Taif using one blood refrigerator connected to the IoT device and our smartphone application. Their feedback was encouraging as they think it will lead to a revolutionary use of technology in blood banks.

313

Name: Latifah Alotaibi & Salha Mohammed M. Alzahrani (Speaker) & Boshra Alnofeaiy & Asma Alghamdi & Kholoud Almalki




Paper title: Chemical Liquids Management in Scientific Labs Using IoT

Paper abstract:

Innovations and recent advances have led to involving chemistry as an important life and experimental science. However, many efforts may be spent in the science labs due to frequently and periodically check for the availability of suitable amounts of chemical liquids. A preliminary qualitative and quantitative study conducted with the staff and students from the Faculty of Science in Taif University showed that there is a feasible need for employing technologies to solve these problems. It does happen to many scientists that liquids are about to expired or in many cases consumed and finished without any notice from the lab managers. This may delay per-forming the experiments until further quantity is ordered and offered. Thus in this paper, we designed and devel-oped a mobile application for chemical liquids management using the Internet of Things technology. Ultrasonic sensors are built in the bottles with a complete IoT embedded system to sense when the liquids arrived at medi-um-to-low levels. If so, proper notification signal is sent via this IoT device to the mobile application. Notification messages will appear immediately to the technicians of the laboratory such that they can afford liquids before they completely finished. Besides, our system is connected to a database which we developed for chemicals (liquids and non-liquids) to provide easy exploration and management. As resulted from our qualitative study conducted with the lab demonstrators in the Faculty of Science at Taif University, our system is greatly accepted and easy to use and they think it will have a positive impact and usage in their scientific labs.

314

Name: مصطفى محمود عبد الرحمن كلكل

Work place: الرياض - دار المجد مهندسون إستشاريون - استشاري بوزارة الصحة

Job title: رئيس القسم اإلنشائي


Paper title: إعداد خبراء لمراجعة وتدقيق وكشف األخطاء في المخططات اإلنشائية

Paper abstract:

الرســومات عبــارة عــن لغــة تخطيطيــة يســتعلمها المهندســون كأداة إتصــال فــي مجــال التصميــم الهندســي والتصنيــع تكمــن فــي تحضيــر المخططــات الضروريــة لتطويــر وتصنيــع وتنفيــذ أي مشــروع , فالرســم مــا يــزال الوســيلة األساســية التــي اســتخدمت فــي ترجمــة األفــكار مــن عالــم التصــور والخيــال إلــى عالــم الواقــع الملمــوس فالمخططــات هــي اللغــة العالميــة مثــل كل اللغــات فــي العالــم يعرفهــا المهندســون, وكلمــا كانــت التفاصيــل أكثــر والمخططــات شــاملة بشــكل أوســع كلمــا قــل الوقــوع فــي األخطــاء فنكــون بحاجــة المخططــات أقــوى مــن التصميــم الحــاذق وربمــا أفضــل • أساســيات ومبــادئ التصميــم اإلنشــائي. • فكــرة عــن معاييــر التصميــم وتدقيــق المذكــرات الحســابية. • كيفيــة مراجعــة وتدقيــق وكشــف األخطــاء فــي المخططــات اإلنشــائية. • تدقيــق ومراجعــة القواعد)المنفصلــة – المشــتركة – الشــريطية- اللبشــة( وكشــف بعــض األخطــاء فــي المخططــات والتســليح. • تدقيــق ومراجعــة األعمــدة )بــكل أنواعهــا( وكشــف بعــض األخطــاء فــي المخططــات والتســليح. • تدقيــق ومراجعــة البالطــات )بــكل أنواعهــا( وكشــف بعــض األخطــاء فــي المخططــات والتســليح. • تدقيــق ومراجعــة الكمــرات والميــدات والشــدادات )بــكل أنواعهــا( وكشــف بعــض األخطــاء فــي المخططــات والتســليح. • تدقيــق ومراجعــة الحوائــط وكشــف بعــض األخطــاء فــي المخططــات والتســليح. • تدقيق ومراجعة الســاللم الخرســانة والرمبات وكشــف بعض األخطاء في المخططات والتســليح. • فكرة عن تدقيق

ومراجعــة المخططــات للمنشــآت الفوالذيــة وكشــف بعــض األخطــاء.

315

Name: عبدالمحسن بن محمد الفريحي

Work place: وزارة البيئة والمياه والزراعة

Job title: مدير االدارة العامة للمياه ببريدة


Paper title: استخدام فالتر السيراميك إلزالة الراديوم المشع والحديد والمنجنيز والعكارة من المياه الجوفية

Paper abstract:

حيــث ان الميــاه الجوفيــة المغذيــة لمحطــة تنقيــة الميــاه االولــى ببريــدة تحتــوي علــى تراكيــز مرتفعــة مــن الملوثــات منهــا الحديــد والمنجنيــز والعــكارة ونظائــر الراديــوم المشــع والن النظــام القديــم المطبــق بوحــدات التنقيــة عبــارة عــن فالتــر رمليــة ســببت الكثيــر مــن مشــاكل التشــغيل والصيانــة منهــا ارتفــاع التراكيــز االشــعاعية بالفالتــر الرمليــة وارتفــاع تراكيــز غــاز الــرادون المشــع بالميــاه المنتجــة وكذلــك هــدر كبيــر للميــاه المســتخدمة بعمليــة الغســيل العكســي صعوبــة اعمــال الصيانــة بالفالتــر الرمليــة أيضــا مايتعــرض لــه العامليــن بالمحطــة مــن التراكيــز المرتفعــة مــن اإلشــعاعات كل هــذا يتســبب بزيــادة تكاليــف التشــغيل والصيانــة فتــم البحــث عــن بدائــل بالتعــاون مــع بعــض الشــركات األلمانيــة واليابانيــة لتطبيــق فالتــر الســيراميك وعمــل تجــارب علــى محطــة تجريبيــة لمــدة ســنتين تقريبــا والــذي نتــج عنــه جــودة ميــاه منتجــة وعــدم تركــز النظائــر المشــعة عليهــا وكذلــك توفيــر عالــي بميــاه

الغســيل العكســي » نســبة االســتخالص تصــل الــى % 98 ” كل هــذه العوامــل أدت الــى تقليــل تكاليــف التشــغيل والصيانــة

316

Name: Tghreed Alharthi & Salha Mohammed M. Alzahrani (Speaker) & Waad Alnafai & Nojoud Aljuaid & Huda Alotaibi




Paper title: Smart Irrigation System Using the Internet of Things Technology

Paper abstract:

Plants are the main source of food for humans and animals. Besides, planting contributes significantly to our economy. Many people like to grow plants in their homes, gardens, and farms; therefore, it is important to utilize technology for efficient easy care of plants. The most important way to take care of plants is via the water irrigation. It is obvious that farmers and plant owners may forget watering the plants, or in the opposite side, over-watering the plants especially when the amount of water varies based on the kind of plants. In this paper, we designed a soil sensor-based system connected to the Internet (i.e. IoT device) that can sense the humidity level and based on that it does the following: (i) send notifications when the soil is almost dry, (ii) allow automatic irrigation if the farmer decides not to interfere with the process, (iii) view the status of water pumps (On/Off) at any time from anywhere, and (iv) allow distance irrigation which means the farmer can control the water pumps based on the saturation of soil distantly. Our system exchanges (sends/receives) data between the Internet of things (IoT) device and a smartphone application developed for our purpose. It makes the irrigation process even more easier regardless of the distance, and should have positive impact to reduce the time and efforts to control water distribution, guarantee saturation the soil and reduce wasting water especially in large-distance farms or gardens.

317

Name: Hamid Bayati (Speaker) & Saeed Al-Shahrani & Yousuf Al-ghadeer & Raghunandana KS

Work place: KSA Analytical, STC-Jubail, SABIC

Job title: Staff Scientist


Paper title: MATERIALS ANALYTICAL WORLD

Paper abstract:

Analytical assessments are widely used in engineering fields of different natures to identify materials characterization or verify the suitability of materials for specific function. This study briefly describes the general applied analytical processes, from request to report, in fields of Metal, Polymer/plastics, Ceramics, and Com-posites. Critical sampling issues, commonly used analytical techniques, and data concerns, are addressed for listed processes. Review of the described processes indicates that, some analytical tools like XRF, light/electron microscopy, tensile/compression apparatuses are widely used for different materials while there are other an-alytical tools use of which are restricted to only certain materials of specific conditions. The extent of possible analytical studies is strongly affected by state of the sample. While the analytical study of gas and liquid samples are limited to chemical composition determination and limited physical/structural properties measurement, the scale of potential analytical work for solid samples is exponentially increased across all fields of materials. The materials-media interaction studies is not limited to corrosion or mechanical damage anymore. The environ-mental effect of materials and possible human health hazards, have emerged as a new and crucial subject for detailed analytical work. Business and environmental impacts of analytical studies along with scientific curiosity ultimately drive the extent of investigation on use or development of the analytical tools. This is well reflected by nature of the laboratories at different industries and research centers. SABIC analytical capabilities in stated fields are highlighted as an example. During course of this study, some important new advancements in certain analytical techniques will be also briefly described.

318

Name: مهندس مستشار حامد يعقوب عبد هللا الحاج

Work place: الجمعية الهندسية السودانية

Job title: نائب االمين العام


Paper title: سوق العمل والمشاريع بين تحديات ثورة التكنولوجيا والصناعة وجمود الجامعات ومراكز التدريب المهني

Paper abstract:

1,0 : مقدمــة تعتبــر الجامعــات ومراكــز التدريــب الحرفــي والمهنــي الرافديــن االساســيين لســوق العمــل الهندســي مــن حيــث توفيــر الكــوادر التــي تقــوم بــادارة وتنفيــذ المشــاريع عمومــا ، ولمــا كان المشــروع عبــارة عــن عمــل متكامــل يحتــاج الــى فريــق يتكــون مــن المهندســين والفنييــن والعمــال ومعظمهــا تأتــي مــن هــذه الجامعــات او مراكــز التدريــب المهنــي لــذا وجــب ضــرورة ربــط مخرجــات هــذه الجامعــات ومراكــز التدريــب المهنيــة والحرفيــة بحوجــة هــذه المشــاريع بعناصــر احترافيــة تجيــد ادارة هــذه المشــروع بطريقــة احترافيــة وهــو مــا نريــد ان نســلط عليــه الضــو عبــر هــذه الورقــة وصــوال لفائــدة متكاملــة لفريــق المشــروع. 2,0 التحديــات التــي تواجــه صناعــة التشــييد وادارة المشــروعات االحترافيــة االن: ان الثــورة التكنولوجيــة الهائلــة التــي اندلعــت فــي هــذا القــرن جعلــت وتيــرة تســارع العلــوم تتقــدم بتســارع اعلــى مــن النظريــات العلميــة الســابقة حيــث ظهــرت كثيــر مــن المســميات الوظيفيــة الحديثــة كمــا يحــدث االن فــي صناعــة االتصــاالت كمثــال ونــادرا مــا تجــد خريجيــن فــي هــذه التخصصــات مــن الجامعــات ممــا خلــق تحــدي لســد هــذا الفــراغ نتيجــة لعــدم وجــود هــذه التخصصــات فــي الجامعــات ومراكــز التدريــب المهنــي واصبحــت هنالــك تحديــات تواجــه المشــروعات اليجــاد مثــل هــذه الوظائــف التخصصيــة الجديــدة مــن جهــة معتــرف بهــا اكاديميــا. 3,0 ماهــو الــدور المنــوط بالجامعــات ومراكــز التدريــب المهنــي والحرفــي تجــاه تطويــر المشــروعات االحترافيــة؟ مــن خــالل البحــث والتقصــي فــي هــذه المشــكلة خلصنــا الــى عــدة مقترحــات تســاعد فــي ردم هــذه الهــوة حتــى تصــب فــي مصلحــة المشــروع وتســاعد فــي ترقيــة المشــروعات وصــوال لالحترافيــة بطريقــة علميــة وذلــك عبــر االتــي: • ضــرورة انشــاء مراكــز بحثيــة فــي هــذه الجامعــات ترتبــط بالشــركات لتتعــرف علــى حوجــة هــذه الشــركات للوظائــف ومــا يتطلبــه ســوق العمــل ومواكبتــه لتقديــم كــوادر وخريجيــن لســد هــذا الفــراغ الــذي ينشــأ نتيجــة للتطــور العلمــي والمهنــي والتقنــي المتســارع والــذي اصبــح ســمة مــن ســمات هــذا العصــر. • البــد مــن تفعيــل دور مراكــز التدريــب المهنــي والحرفــي وضــرورة ربــط الطالــب بالمؤسســات والشــركات اثنــاء الدراســة ليتعــرف علــى طبيعــة عمــل هــذه الشــركات والمهــارات التــي تطلبهــا هــذه الشــركات ويســتعد لهــا قبــل تخرجــه حتــى ال يتفاجــأ بعــد التخــرج بانــه ال يمتلــك المهــارة والمعرفــة الالزمــة لشــغل هــذه الوظيفــة المســتحدثة. • ضــرورة تدريــب وتأهيــل ومواكبــة للكــوادر الهندســية والفنيــة الحاليــة التي تعمل في ادارة المشــروعات على ادارة المشــروعات باحترافية باي منهج مناســب حديث وضرورة التبشــير بهذه المنهجية فــي المناهــج الجامعيــة ليزيــد مــن فــرص الخريجيــن فــي معرفــة المتطلبــات الحديثــة فــي مجــال ادارة المشــروعات قبــل التخــرج. • اهتمــام الهيئــات الهندســية والحكوميــة التــي تنظــم المهــن الهندســية بالتحديــث المتواصــل وذلــك بربــط وموائمــة بيــن الجامعــات ومراكــز البحــوث والمراكــز التدريبيــة مــن جهــة وســوق العمــل والشــركات والمؤسســات مــن جهــة اخــرى عبــر التنيســق لملتقيــات وورش عمــل لمعرفــة القصــور ونقــاط الضعــف والفجــوات والســعي علــى تطويــر الكــوادر باســتمرار. • االهتمــام بمواكبــة الســوق العالمــي واالســتفادة مــن التجــارب العالميــة والمحافظــة علــى ترابــط العالقــات بيــن المثلــث الهرمــي والــذي يتمثــل فــي ضــرورة وجــود كادر هندســي متــزن يشــمل المهندســين والفنييــن والعمــال المهــرة الفضــل الممارســات فــي مجــال ادارة المشــروعات. 4,0 الخاتمــة: تأتــي هــذه الورقــة لتوضــح الــدور المهــم المطلــوب مــن الجامعــات ومراكــز التدريــب المهنــي لرفــد ودعــم ســوق العمــل بكــوادر فــي ادارة المشــروعات االحترافيــة مــع اخــذ المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية كنمــوذج فــي هــذا المضمــار واســتعراض

الممارســات مــع ســرد بعــض االجتهــادات فــي تطويــر الوضــع الحالــي.

319

Name: [Sumayyah M. Alshehri] speaker & Anwar A. Alazwari & Wafaa A. Alharthi & Ebtehaj G. Almgati & Salha M. Alzahrani

Work place: There is no

Job title: Not employed


Paper title: Human-Glove Instant Arabic Sign Language Translator

Paper abstract:

Speech is the basic communication way between people. Dumb people are unable to speak, most typ-ically because of congenital deafness which causes lack of communication with them. With the appearance of sign languages, people should learn how to speak with the dumb people using this language. Sign languages have rules that need to be learnt in order to understand what is being said and respond accordingly. Therefore, in this project we proposed to design gloves with sensors that can convert the movement of hands doing the sign language by the dumb person into a real spoken speech instantly. To achieve this goal, we designed two gloves each with five flex sensors which are connected to Arduino board. Arduino transfers these signs as signals to the computer wherein we developed a code to translate the input combination of signals into a sign, then convert it into its equivalent voice letters/words. Our project is novel according to the existing literature as the equivalent words to the sign language were reported in Arabic. Our project contributes to the society by helping the dumb people to be independent and assisting others to interact with them quickly and appropriately.

320

Name: Erika Ntavou & George Kosmadakis & Dimitris Manolakos & George Papadakis & Dimitris Papanto-nis

Work place: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece



Paper title: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A MULTI-SKID RO UNIT, POWERED BY A SMALL-SCALE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE ENGINE

Paper abstract:

Presenter: G. Papadakis, PhD Abstract a heat-to-power engine based on the subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been designed for operation at temperature up to 130 °C. This engine has been optimized, constructed and then tested in an appropriate test-rig at the laboratory. The produced power supplies a Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit, composed of three identical skids, connected in parallel. The designed capacity of the ORC engine is 10 kWe, when supplied with 100 kW of heat, with efficiency in the order of 10%. Two similarly modified scroll expanders are used, in order to operate within a narrow pressure ratio range, around 3, showing high ex-pansion efficiency in the range of 70%. For high heat input (large pressure ratios), both expanders operate, while for low heat input, the first expander is by-passed. As the available heat input varies within a large range, the available ORC net power strongly fluctuates. The result is the unsteady power supply to the RO unit, which then shows a significant fresh water production and quality variation. In order to overcome this, an alternative config-uration is proposed, ensuring the good quality (low salinity) of the produced fresh water. The RO unit consists of three identical sub-systems using an energy recovery unit of axial piston motor – APM type. The number of the sub-units that operate depends on the available power produced by the ORC. The total RO unit capacity is 2.1 m3/h of fresh water with a recovery of 32%. Focus is given on the RO unit performance tested with a typical water salinity of 37500 ppm, at different loads. An efficient performance of the RO unit is observed due to the on/off switching of the three sub-units, keeping acceptable fresh water quality and specific energy consumption at both part and full load operation, and providing flexibility.

321

Name: Christos – Spyridon Karavas & George Papadakis

Work place: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece



Paper title: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A SMALL SCALE SEA WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATION UNIT

Paper abstract:

Presenter: George Papadakis, PhD abstract the increase of the population and the climate change have led to one of most significant concerns of the worldwide agenda, water scarcity. There are many areas in the world, such as islands and coastal regions that have significant shortage in drinking water supply and more than 2 billion people without access to fresh water. A solution to this problem is water desalination. A major challenge associated with desalination is its high consumption of energy, which is often supplied largely by fossil fuels. However, many desalination plants are being developed, powered by Renewable Energy, in order to address the power needs by decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. In coastal areas where desalination is typically needed, resources such as solar and wind are often abundant. Historically, sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination systems have been designed and developed for steady power input. However, good energy utilization (good specific energy consumption) of a SWRO desali-nation unit can be achieved over a range of input pressure to the SWRO membranes. A SWRO experimental desalination unit equipped with an energy recovery device (Clark pump) has been designed, constructed and tested at the lab at the Agricultural University of Athens. The total RO unit capacity is 150 L/h of fresh water with an energy recovery of 14%. The SWRO unit performance was experimentally studied with a typical water salinity of 32500 ppm operating at variable and intermittent conditions. Furthermore, the feed water temperature effect in the SWRO unit performance was studied. The produced electricity by renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaics and wind turbines is unsteady and intermittent. For this reason, an optimum energy supply system must be designed in order to be interconnected with the SWRO desalination unit. Four different case studies have been considered: (a) SWRO desalination unit direct driven by PV without any energy storage de-vice, (b) Autonomous SWRO Desalination system incorporating energy storage devices, (c) Autonomous SWRO Desalination system incorporating short-term energy storage devices and (d) Supply power to the SWRO sys-tem through a microgrid enabling distributed generation and a multi-agent decentralized energy management system. Depending on the local conditions, each case offer advantages and disadvantages and the optimum system is finally determined based on the cost of fresh water produced.

322

Name: Hassan Ali Mohammed Al Abdullah & Dr. Mohammed Zytoon & Dr. Nader Aweys

Work place: Umm Al Qura University - Industrial Engineering Department - Al Qunfudah

Job title: Teaching Assistant


Paper title: Developing A Competencies Matrix to Enhance the Knowledge and Skills of Freshly-Graduated Safety Engineers Based on Industry Needs

Paper abstract:

Safety engineers have an essential and critical role in preventing accidents and injuries, minimizing cost, and in maintaining the progress of all work sectors, such as manufacturing, construction and service industries by Simplify and coordinate operations in a safe manner and avoid downtime in the event of an accident. In spite of this, the role of safety engineers has been underestimated in KSA for several decades. Fortunately, safety awareness has been growing in recent years and, consequently, the demand for this profession significantly has increased. However, a notable shortage of safety engineers in KSA exists. For this, the industrial sectors have to recruit expatriates to fill the gap or sometimes recruit engineering graduates from various disciplines. Some of these disciplines offer limited safety engineering courses, whereas others do not. In all cases, the graduates of such engineering disciplines do not have sufficient knowledge and skills for the effective performance of the safety engineer roles and tasks. In other words, the competencies of graduates in this profession are lower than expected. This was proved and confirmed from feedback notes received from industries and engineering alum-nus. Lack of competencies in safety and health occupation can lead to serious errors and losses. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for universities, particularly engineering colleges, to improve their curricula and adapt them to the growing needs of safety engineers, taking into account the knowledge and skills that should be fulfilled or attained by completion of the credits required for graduation. This will allow graduating safety engi-neers to be well equipped with appropriate competencies that the human resource managers in all sectors are interested in and seek for. Based on these, the knowledge and skills required by Saudi industries for the junior Safety Engineer job were identified in this study; a competencies matrix was developed design the appropriate engineering curricula to fulfill these requirements; and improvement of the engineering curricula was proposed to enhance the freshly-graduated safety engineers’ knowledge and skills based on the developed competen-cies matrix.

323

Name: محمد صالح عباس ميهوب وعلي عبدهللا المنصوري

Work place: كلية الهندسة - جامعة األزهر - القاهرة - مصر



Paper title: تطور استراتيجيات التصميم المعماري وتأثيره على تطور نظم اإلضاءة الطبيعية

Paper abstract:

العالقــة بيــن اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة والتصميــم المعمــاري للمبانــي تعــود إلــى بدايــة التاريــخ، فمنــذ المســكن األول واإلنســان يســعى لتوفيــر منفــذ لإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة بــكل فــراغ مــن فراغــات المبنــى ليتمكــن مــن أداء وظائفــه. فقــد ظلــت اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة هــي مصــدر الضــوء األساســي لقــرون طويلــة، حتــى بعــد ابتــكار اإلنســان لبعــض وســائل اإلضــاءة الصناعيــة، مثــل مصابيــح الزيــت أو مصابيــح الغــاز. االســتراتيجيات التقليديــة لتوفيــر اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة تشــمل اســتخدام الفتحــات الجانبيــة أو الفتحــات العلويــة أو الفراغــات المركزيــة الســماوية. تعامــل المعماريــون والبنــاؤون مــع هــذه االســتراتيجيات كأدوات تصميميــة أساســية لتوفيــر اإلضــاءة بالفراغــات المعماريــة حتــى بدايــة القــرن العشــرين عندمــا بــدأ انتــاج المصبــاح الكهربائــي علــى نحــو تجــاري، عندهــا تغيــرت اســتراتيجيات التصميــم المعمــاري ولــم تعــد تهتــم بتوفيــر منفــذ للضــوء الطبيعــي بــكل فــراغ مــن فراغــات المبنــى، وظهــرت أنمــاط جديــدة مــن المبانــي تعتمــد فــي إضاءتهــا كليــا علــى مصــادر اإلضــاءة الصناعيــة. مــع ظهــور أزمــة الطاقــة وزيــادة الوعــي بالمخاطــر التــي تهــدد الطبيعــة وســالمة البيئــة التــي يعيــش فيهــا اإلنســان، بــدأ االهتمــام بعــودة اســتغالل مصــادر الطاقــة الطبيعيــة، بمــا فيهــا االعتمــاد علــى اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة فــي المبانــي، ولكــن تطــور اســتراتيجيات التصميــم المعمــاري خــالل فتــرة االعتمــاد علــى اإلضــاءة الصناعيــة لــم يصاحبهــا تطــور مماثــل الســتراتيجيات اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة، فلــم تعــد الطــرق التقليديــة مناســبة لتوفيــر احتياجــات األنمــاط الجديــدة مــن المبانــي لإلضــاءة، وبــرزت الحاجــة لتطويــر وابتــكار نظــم إضــاءة طبيعيــة جديــدة. ترصــد هــذه الدراســة باختصــار تطــور نظــم اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة فــي مرحلــة مــا قبــل االعتمــاد علــى نظــم اإلضــاءة الصناعيــة، وتنتقــل بعدهــا باســتخدام المنهــج الوصفــي التحليلــي لرصــد ودراســة وتحليــل التطــورات الكبيــرة التــي طــرأت علــى نظــم اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة التقليديــة لتلبيــة احتياجــات األنمــاط الجديــدة مــن المبانــي لإلضــاءة. تصنــف الدراســة هــذه التطــورات إلــى ثــالث اســتراتيجيات للتطويــر، فــي االســتراتيجية األولــى تجــرى محــاوالت لتحســين أداء نظــم اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة التقليديــة ورفــع Glazing systems ونظــم التزجيــج Curtain walls كفاءتهــا، وفــي الثانيــة تجــري محــاوالت لتطويــر الحوائــط الســتائريةالتــي شــاع اســتخدامها لرفــع كفاءتهــا مــن منظــور بيئــي، أمــا االســتراتيجية الثالثــة فتحــاول ابتــكار نظــم إضــاءة طبيعيــة جديــدة

Innovative daylighting systems ، لديهــا القــدرة علــى إيصــال اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة إلــى فراغــات لــم يكــن مــن الممكــن وصولهــا إليهــا مــن قبــل باســتخدام أي مــن االســتراتيجيتين الســابقتين. يعــرض البحــث رؤيــة شــاملة لهــذه التطــورات، ومــا قدمتــه القفــزات التكنولوجيــة مــن إضافــات فــي مجــال نظــم اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة، كمــا يتعــرض البحــث لدراســة إمكانيــات نظــم اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة الجديــدة وإيجابياتهــا وســلبياتها وتطبيقاتهــا المحتملــة، باإلضافــة لدراســة قدرتهــا المحتملــة علــى تلبيــة احتياجــات أنمــاط

المبانــي المســتحدثة مــن اإلضــاءة الطبيعيــة.

324

Name: Rasha Mohamed Abdelaal Selim (Speaker) &Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Abd Elrazik




Paper title: The building user guide to implement the energy efficiency in the GPRS

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT after 1973 war in the Middle East, scientists began to find alternative to fossil fuel due to the increase of its price and due to its harmful effect to the environment . Renewable energy is the alternatives to burning fossil fuel. Thereby, the relying of buildings on renewable energy increase and the concept of sustain-ability arise and different types of architecture lies under sustainability including biological, ecological, green, zero energy, plus energy and zero emission. Furthermore, Different buildings rating systems began to appear by the end of the twentieth century. These buildings rating systems aim to raise consumption awareness rec-ognize building leadership, stimulate green concept. Nowadays, many countries has its own rating system that differs between LEED for the USA, BREEAM for England, GREEN STAR for Australia, CASBEE for Japan and fi-nally GPRS for Egypt. Before appearance of the rating systems many countries rely on the building codes which are based on engineering and they lack of the factors that affects both human and environmental factors as a result, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) address these factors that haven’t been taken in consideration in the building codes. These factors were the cause of the appearance of buildings rating systems focusing on the environmental performance building, The LEED rating system was conceived by USGBC in year 2000 as a result of cooperation of experts from every field of the industry. Following the international progress of the rating systems, the 2nd generation of the GPRS is in the conceiving process to put the guide lines for the rating sys-tem especially the energy category as it was noticed that the projects which have been evaluated by the GPRS faced a misconception in applying it. Thereby this paper, it aims to clarify the evaluation methodology of energy efficiency in GPRS. Key Words Energy, sustainability, renewable, rating system, efficiency

325

Name: Mahmoud Mamdouh Mokhtar Hussien (speaker) &Mohammed Yossry Hassaan& Salah Abd El Ghani Abo El Enein&Mohamed Saad Ahmed Morsy

Work place: Housing and building national research center

Job title: Associate researcher


Paper title: Enhancement of Physico-mechanical Properties of Graphene nanosheets Reinforced Cement Pastes for Self-sensing Structures

Paper abstract:

Abstract Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have unique physical properties that make them effective rein-forcing materials. This article investigates the effect of GNPs reinforcement on mechanical properties, pore size distribution, self-sensing properties and the micro-structural characteristics of the hardened cement compos-ites. GNPs were added at different percentages of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 wt. % of cement. Compres-sive strength was determined at 28 days of hydration. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to detect the changes in physical and chemical properties of materials and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for studying the phase composition, the pore size distribution was studied using nitrogen adsorption at 77.35 °K technique, the microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finally; electrical and peizoresis-tive measurements were performed to study self-sensing properties of graphene-cement composites. Results revealed that, considerable enhancements in compressive strength by about 27 and 38% have been achieved by incorporating GNPs into cement matrix by about 0.04 and 0.05%, respectively. The integration of GNPs into cement has significantly reduced the pore size of the GNPs – modified cement pastes and led to a considerable improvement in the microstructure, finally; graphene-cement composites can be efficiently used as piezoresis-tive sensors. Keywords: Cement, Graphene nanosheets, Compressive strength, piezoresistivity, Microstructure.

326

Name: Omima Ahmed SalahEldin Saleh (Speaker) & Tarek Mohamed ElSokkary




Paper title: ALKALI CARBONATE AGGREGATE REACTION IN CONCRETE AND TECHNOLOGY OVERCOME IT’S RISK

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT: Aggregates usually form about 75 percent of concrete therefore; it is expected that they play a great effect on concrete properties. Compared to alkali – silica reaction (ASR), there are more and more cases of deterioration of concrete due to alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR).The current study is focused on fur-nishing additional information regarding the evaluation of crushed dolostone (50% low content dolomite and high content dolomite 90%) properties in terms of their influence on the concrete properties in both fresh and hardened state and effects of, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on expansion when admixed as a mortar with low content dolomite (50% Dolomite ) and high content dolomite (90% Dolomite) aggregates due to the ACR were investigated. A variety of tests have been performed to characterize the properties of the crushed aggre-gates including chemical compositions, mineralogical and physical properties and its performance in concrete mixtures. The experimental work included the effect of parameters relevant to the mix design on the properties of the final products. The concrete was prepared using 10 and 25-mm nominal maximum size aggregates local-ly available in Egypt. A total of 4 concrete mixtures with different water-to-cement ratio, aggregate-to-cement ratio have been employed in this investigation. Over 200 cubes were cast and tested for concrete compressive strength. Test results were presented in terms of the concrete compressive strength versus different properties. It is concluded that careful attention should be given to the mineralogical characteristics before using this type of aggregate. Considering the compressive strength as a basic property, test results indicated that concrete up to 420 kg/cm2 could be easily achieved with mineral dolomite consisting of (45.73% CaCO3, 54.27% MgCO3) aggregates. And results obtained indicated that mortar contained Low dolomite is more prone to alkali experi-enced expansion due to ACR than high dolomite. It was found that OPC mortar had lower resistance to the ACR. Keywords: Aggregates, Concrete, Alkali-carbonate reaction, Ordinary Portland cement,.

327

Name: Razan Abdulwahab Al-Halawani (Speaker), Salha Mohammed M. Alzahrani, Bayan Al-Nahhas, Mawa-hib Alsheikh, and Rahaf Alguaid

Work place: None

Job title: Not Employed


Paper title: Humanoid Robot for Home Services Controlled by IoT

Paper abstract:

This project covers the conception, design and realization of a humanoid walking robot which has the same parts, and appearance as well as services of the human. Designing and programming of a humanoid robot is one of the most ambitious, beneficial, and interesting technology field. The main goal of this work is to develop a humanoid robot to perform human tasks like personal assisting, where it should be able to assist in-home services especially for the handicapped and elderly people. In this project, we used Rapiro which is an affordable and easy to assemble humanoid robot kit supported by a big community. Our robot is programmable and customizable as it is designed to mount the Raspberry Pi, which was included in our design together with a camera module in the head. Thus, our robot can be controlled to send/receive data via the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Finally, the designed humanoid robot showed a good capability to do a set of home surveil-lance capabilities for security and safe including static images and live videos. With Raspberry Pi 3 Module B+ and imbedded Wi-Fi technology, a touchable mobile application was developed for the robot to be controlled via the Internet and to receive surveillance data on a web server. Future works include the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for recognition and other tasks.

328

Name: ناجي منصور ابراهيم محمد

Work place: حاضنة اإلمام التجارية الخرطوم، السودان

Job title: مدير حاضنة اإلمام التجارية


Paper title: حوكمة المشروع - قياس األداء وإدارته (النطاق والتكلفة والجدول الزمني)

Paper abstract:

بســم هللا الرحمــن الرحيــم ملخــص ورقــة علميــة بعنــوان حوكمــة المشــروع - قيــاس األداء وإدارتــه )النطــاق والتكلفــة والجــدول الزمني( مقدمة هامة: مفاهيم أساسية: ü الحوكمة )Governance(: ببساطة هي نظام تحكم لضمان رضا جميع أطراف المشروع. ü قيــاس األداء )Progress Measurement(: هــو آليــة قيــاس معياريــة تقــارن األداء مــع المخطــط كمعيــار. إن أســاس حوكمــة المشــروع ينبنــي علــى الفهــم الصحيــح والعميــق إلدارة المشــاريع. والــذي يمكــن اإلدارة مــن تكويــن صــورة واضحــة ودقيقــة لمــا هــو مطلــوب إلدارة فاعلــة للمشــروع. ثــم التنظيــم المناســب لــإلدارة االحترافيــة لتحقيــق األداء المتميــز ثــم نظــام للرقابــة المتواصلــة واللصيقــة للمشــروع. عناصــر الورقــة أربعــة عناصــر هــي: أوال إدارة النطــاق وقياســه، ثانيــا إدارة التكلفــة وقياســها، ثالثــا إدارة الجــدول الزمنــي وقياســه ثــم رابعــا: إدارة القيمــة المكتســبة كآليــة للرقابــة علــى النطــاق والتكلفــة والجــدول الزمنــي. تفاصيــل عناصــر الورقــة: أوال: إدارة النطــاق وقياســه: • تحديــد النطــاق)Scope(: هــو كل األنشــطة واألعمــال الالزمــة لتنفيــذ مخرجــات المشــروع. وإدارة نطــاق المشــروع هــي كل األعمــال :)Work Breakdown Structure WBS(المطلوبــة للتأكــد مــن تنفيــذ نطــاق المشــروع دون تغييــر. • تحديــد هيــكل تجزئــة العمــلوهــو تجزئــة نطــاق المشــروع للعناصــر المكونــة مــن األعلــى لألدنــى )المشــروع إلــى مراحــل، المرحلــة إلــى مخرجــات، المخرجــات إلــى حــزم عمــل، حزمــة العمــل إلــى أنشــطة، األنشــطة وهــي العمــل الــذي يمكــن أن يقــوم بــه شــخص واحــد(. تحديــد هيــكل تجزئــة العمــل عمليــة جوهريــة ينبنــي عليهــا كل تفاصيــل إدارة المشــروع. • إعطــاء األنشــطة رقــم تعريفــي )Code(. • وضــع أوزان لحــزم العمــل ثــم األنشــطة )وزن كل حزمــة مــن القيمــة الكليــة للعمــل )وتقــدر إمــا بالقيمــة الماليــة أو بحجــم العمــل المطلــوب لتنفيذهــا( ثــم وزن األنشــطة مــن وزن )Creeping(كتابــة مقاييــس األداء. • إدارة النطــاق والتحكــم بــه وهــي فــي التحكــم فــي أداء النطــاق دون حــدوث زحــف • .)الحزمــة الكلــيبالزيــادة أو النقصــان المخــل )الجــودة يمكــن أن تكــون جــزءا أساســيا مــن النطــاق أو وصفــا لــه(. معيــار النجــاح هــو أداء نطــاق يحقــق المخرجــات و بالجــودة المحــددة. ثانيــا: إدارة التكلفــة وقياســها: • معرفــة النطــاق • تحديــد هيــكل تجزئــة العمــل. • إعطــاء األنشــطة رقــم تعريفــي )Code(. • وضــع التكاليــف التقديريــة لألنشــطة وخــط األســاس للتكلفــة )بنــاءا علــى الخبــرة الســابقة وتكــون هــذه التكلفــة األولــى هــي خــط األســاس للتكلفــة(. • كتابــة مقاييــس األداء للتكلفــة وتتــم علــى هيــكل تجزئــة العمــل بأرقامــه التعريفيــة. • كتابــة عناصــر التكلفــة وتنســيبها لهيــكل تجزئــة العمــل )مثــل المــواد، العمالــة، المعــدات، اإلدارة، أخــرى(. • تحديــد انحرافــات التكلفــة و عوامــل انحرافــات التكلفــة )مــع التركيــز علــى األكبــر ماليــا واألكبــر أثــرا(. • إدارة التكلفــة والتحكــم بها)وهــي باتخــاذ القــرارات الماليــة واإلداريــة التــي تســيطر علــى اإلنفــاق والتحكــم فــي ميزانيــة كل بنــد أو حزمــة عمــل(. معيــار النجــاح هــو أداء تكلفــة تســاوي المصروفــات )أي بــدون هــدر أو غــرق .)Code( ثالثــا: إدارة الجــدول الزمنــي وقياســه: • معرفــة النطــاق • تحديــد هيــكل تجزئــة العمــل. • إعطــاء األنشــطة رقــم تعريفــي .)تكلفــة• وضــع زمــن األنشــطة )بدايــة ومــدة ونهايــة + ربــط تسلســل األنشــطة وتحديــد المســار الحــرج(. • كتابــة مقاييــس األداء للزمــن وفقــا لهيــكل تجزئــة العمــل. • إدارة الجــدول الزمنــي والتحكــم به)التحضيــر المســبق الجيــد و التحكــم بالمــوارد بفاعليــة(. معيــار النجــاح اإلنتهــاء فــي أو قبــل الزمــن المحــدد. رابعــا: إدارة القيمــة المكتســبة كآليــة للرقابــة علــى النطــاق والتكلفــة والجــدول الزمنــي. • القيمــة المخططــة )PV( المخطــط أداؤه مــن النطــاق. • القيمــة المكتســبة)EV( . وهــو مــا نفــذ مــن نطــاق العمــل. • التكلفــة الفعليــة .)AC( ماتــم صرفــه )CV( هــو اإلنحــراف عــن الزمــن المخطــط. • تبايــن التكلفــة )SV( فعليــا ألداء العمــل حتــى لحظــة القيــاس. • تبايــن الجــدول الزمنــيSPI=EV/( الــى المخططــة )( هــو نســبة القيمــة المكتســبة)منجزSPI(اإلنحــراف عــن التكلفــة التقديريــة. • مؤشــر أداء الجــدول الزمنــيSPI=EV/AC(.. • Earned Schedule.( هــو نســبة القيمــة المكتســبة الــى التكلفــة الفعليــة )CPI( مؤشــر أداء التكلفــة • .)PV

ESكتصحيــح لحســاب القيمــة المكتســبة.

329

Name: Sayeda Rawash Refaei Zeidan (speaker) &Maha R. Mohamed& Doaa A. Ahmed& Aya H. Mohammed




Paper title: Recycling demolition waste as green building material

Paper abstract:

Abstract. The aim of this investigation is to prepare geopolymer resin by alkali activation of ceramic waste (AACW) with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and liquid sodium silicate (LSS) concentrations. In order to prepare geopolymer cement, AACW was replaced by 10 and 30 % by weight (wt.,) of concrete waste (CoW) as well as 10 and 30 wt., % ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). The results showed that, the com-pressive strength of AACW increases with the increase of activator content up to 15:15 wt., % NaOH: LSS. All AACW hardened specimens activated by 3:3 (MC6), 6:6 (MC12), 12:12 (MC24) and 15:15 wt., % (MC30) NaOH: LSS destroyed when cured in water for 24h. The MC18 mix showed higher resistivity to water curing. The results also showed that, the replacement of AACW containing 9:9 wt., % NaOH: LSS (MC18) by 10 (MCCo10) and 30 (MCCo30) wt., % CoW decreased the compressive strength at all ages of curing. In contrast, the MCCo10 mix showed the lower chemically combined water content compared to MC18 mix. The MCCo30 mix showed the higher chemically combined water content compared to MC18 and MCCo10 mixes. The compressive strength and chemically combined water of all AACW mixes containing GGBFS (MCS10 and MCS30) were higher than those of AACW with no GGBFS (MC18). As the amount of GGBFS content increases the chemically combined water increases. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that as the amount of CoW content increases, the degree of crystallinity increases. Conversely, the replacement of AACW by GGBFS leads to increase the amorphiticity character. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the higher reactivity of GGBFS compared to CoW as a result of successive hydration products formation, enhancing the compaction of microstructure as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: alkali activated ceramic waste; calcium sources; geopolymer cement; geopolymer resin

330

Name: Mahmoud Ashraf Mohamed Mohsen & Bart Jacobs

Work place: KU Leuven University



Paper title: Formal Verification: A Path to Safe and Secure IoT Applications

Paper abstract:

The Internet of things (IoT) plays nowadays a very important role in changing our world. Electronic devic-es are everywhere and they can now all communicate. Such devices can be found at home, work, cars, and even public places. With this really breakthrough technology, safety and security became essential as these devices are not only surrounding us, but also connected to our bodies (e.g. smart wearables, smart clothing, medical de-vices,). To ensure the security of such devices, software vulnerabilities should be detected and fixed as soon as possible. A way to achieve that is to test your system intensively to detect these vulnerabilities in an early stage. Although testing can be very effective in detecting vulnerabilities, it cannot guarantee the absence of bugs. Here comes formal verification as an alternative to detect and formally prove the absence of bugs and vulnerabilities. During the last couple of decades, scientists have been working on developing techniques for formal verification based on formal methods, but just recently the industry started to look seriously at formal verification as a strong approach to enhance safety, security, and reliability of information and communication technology including IoT. For example, Facebook started to use a static analysis tool, called infer, based on formal methods to detect bugs early before shipping the applications to users. VeriFast is a formal verification tool that has been developed at the University of Leuven to formally verify C and Java code. VeriFast accepts the code annotated with functions’ pro/post-conditions and loop invariants. Then, VeriFast is capable of formally proving the correctness of the code with respect to the given annotations. It is a very strong tool, but it requires a lot of time and effort to gener-ate these annotations which sometimes becomes a harder task than writing the code itself. Even if time is not a problem, writing such annotations requires high level of expertise in formal methods and cannot be done easily by code developers. Therefore, we have been recently working on automatically inferring these annotations in an extended version of VeriFast, namely Automated VeriFast. Automated VeriFast takes the code and automatically attempts to generate iteratively the required annotations until the program is verified or a bug is detected. In this presentation, I will describe how Formal methods can be more accessible for IoT applications domain. I will also show how Automated VeriFast can be used as a tool to detect bugs and vulnerabilities in applications ensuring more safety and security for devices that are everywhere around us at this moment.

331

Name: غادة ضياء عبد الحميد احمد مصطفى (متحدت)، م. على مجدى، ا.د. هانى عبد هللا

Work place: المركز القومى لبحوث االسكان والبناء

Job title: استاذ مساعد بالمركز القومى لبحوث االسكان والبناء


Paper title: SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF LIGHTWEIGHT FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Paper abstract:

In this study, fourteen reinforced concrete beams were tested to investigate the shear behavior of light-weight fiber reinforced concrete beams. Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) was used as a partial and full replacement to the normal weight aggregate. The experimental program included three lightweight concrete beams with partial replacement of aggregate, nine lightweight concrete beams with full replacement of aggre-gate, and two normal weight control beams. In each group one beam was cast using steel fiber concrete, one with polypropylene fiber concrete, and one without fibers. The effects of parameters such as weight of concrete, type of fibers, area of stirrups, and shear span to depth ratio (a/d) on the beams behavior are presented. The re-sponse of the tested beams is analyzed in terms of mode of failure, deflection, strain, cracking load, and ultimate capacity. The test results are compared to those estimated from different design codes for lightweight concrete structures. KEYWORDS: lightweight concrete; shear behavior; failure mode; cracking load; ultimate load

332

Name: د. محمد محمود عبدهللا يوسف

Work place: جامعة القاهرة

Job title: مدرس بقسم التخطيط العمراني


Paper title: نحو منهجية جديدة لتفعيل األسس االقتصادية لالستدامة مع دراسة حاالت مقارنة

Paper abstract:

يطــرح الباحــث منهجيــة جديــدة لتفعيــل البعــد االقتصــادي لالســتدامة مــن خــالل الفصــول التاليــة: الفصــل األول: مفاهيــم أساســية يســتعرض الباحــث األدبيــات الحديثــة حــول مفهــوم االســتدامة ســواءا اســتدامة المشــروعات أو اســتدامة المجتمعــات، أو التنميــة المســتدامة بصفــة عامــة ومعرفــة الخصائــص والمكونــات. الفصــل الثانــي: األســس االقتصاديــة لالســتدامة يحــدد الباحــث فــي هــذه الفصــل األســس االقتصاديــة لتحقيــق اســتدامة المشــروعات والمجتمعــات، أو األســس االقتصاديــة للتنميــة المســتدامة. الفصــل الثالــث: آليــات تفعيــل األســس االقتصاديــة لالســتدامة يطــرح الباحــث فــي هــذا الفصــل منهجيــة جديــدة للتعامــل مــع البعــد االقتصــادي لالســتدامة بطــرح اآلليــات المختلفــة التــى يمكــن مــن خاللهــا تفعيــل األســس االقتصاديــة لالســتدامة المذكــورة ســابقا. الفصــل الرابــع: دراســة حــاالت مقارنــة يقــوم الباحــث فــي هــذا الفصــل بإجــراء دراســة مقارنــة لعــدد مــن الحــاالت أو التجــارب التــي نجحــت فــي تحقيــق االســتدامة، واســتخالص األســس االقتصاديــة التــي تــم تطبيقهــا واآلليــات المختلفــة التــي اســتخدمت لتفعيــل هــذه األســس، ويمكــن طــرح عــدد مــن المشــروعات التــي تحققــت بهــا االســتدامة. الفصــل الخامــس : نتائــج وتوصيــات يقــدم الباحــث فــي هــذا الفصــل النتائــج التــي تــم التوصــل إليهــا مــن خــالل التحليــل الســابق، والمقارنــة بيــن النمــاذج والتجــارب المذكــورة ليحــدد معالــم وركائــز المنهجيــة الجديــدة، للتعامــل مــع األســس االقتصاديــة لالســتدامة وكيفيــة تفعيــل هــذه األســس لتحقيــق االســتدامة الصحيحــة، كمــا يطــرح الباحــث عــدة توصيــات تســاعد علــى تطبيــق هــذه المنهجيــة الجديــدة. الكلمــات التعريفيــة

االســتدامة ، األســس االقتصاديــة، منهجيــة جديــدة، حــاالت دراســة، مشــروعات.

333

Name: Atif Mohammed Saeed Alkinaidri

Work place: KAMC

Job title: Senior Engineer


Paper title: Implementing Lean six sigma to improve physicians’ response time to referral system – KAMC as Case study

Paper abstract:

A referral defined as a process in which a health worker at a one level of the health system, having insufficient resources (drugs, equipment, skills) to manage a clinical condition, seeks the assistance of a better or differently resourced facility at the same or higher level to assist in, or take over the management of, the patient’s case. This paper aims to implement Lean Six Sigma methodology at the King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) referral processes to reduce the delay of physicians’ response. To fulfil the aim of the project the following objectives targeted: • to study existing literature on the application of Lean Six Sigma in the healthcare industry in reviewing how to utilize at KAMC. • To examine how Lean Six Sigma can lower the delay of physician’s response time. • To recommend improvements of the current referral system at KAMC. KAMC received 16,807 referral request in 2015 with 13.6% increased comparing with 2014. Over time, the process of referral had been grown cumbersome and fragmented affecting the efficiency of the process and the effectiveness of the system varied. The key principle of the Lean method is to eliminate all kinds of waste in developing a higher standard of operational production, at a reduced cost in a shorter time , while Six Sigma offers an approach to problem solv-ing and involves a strong organizational framework consisting of redesigning a product, which then results in the minimizing the defects. DMAIC (an acronym for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) is a data-driven procedure that contains various quality and process improvement tools over time. Such tools include statistical analysis, cause and effect diagrams, process mapping and effects analysis the project followed the DMAIC roadmap as follow: • DEFINE the project’s purpose and scope and obtain background on the current process and the customers’ perspectives. • MEASURE : 3 months data were collected to pinpoint problem location or occur-rence; focus the improvement effort by gathering baseline information on the current situation which is 28.1% delayed cases and 2.05 sigma. • ANALYZE data: a fishbone diagram or was utilized to identify the causes of the delay (Availability, Contact, System and Communications Issues), in addition, process data combines with a map of the value-adding steps to help determine where Waste can be removed. • IMPROVE process: the results of the analyze phase used to explore possible solutions and make tentative design changes , after the solution reviewed and evaluated the list of actions as a short and long term were identified . • CONTROL: The recommen-dations piloted, confirmed, and institutionalized and data used to evaluate the solutions; anticipate next steps. The implementing of Lean Six Sigma project helped to reduce the delayed response physician rate from 28.1 % to 21.5 % of the total cases by implementing the short-term recommendations and sigma improved from 2.05 to 2.2 with more improvement expected after completing all long-term recommendations. Finally, establishing lean six-sigma program recommended to build the culture and foundations to implement the improvements projects.

334

Name: دعاء عطيه نجيب ابراهيم و عدنان السامرائي

Work place: جامعة األمير مقرن بن عبدالعزيز

Job title: محاضر


Paper title: The Effect of Globalism on Local Architectural Identity-Case Studies: Gulf States

Paper abstract:

This study aims to describe the situation in the Gulf cities and where it’s going to stand on, in this rapid changing world. To keep an eye on future innovations according to upraising demands. Also aims to study and interpret the architectural connections between local’s needs and the one globe adaption. The study relays on a conceptual framework developed by the author. The framework is designed to examine buildings toward archi-tectural identity in the Arab world. With enhancements and developments, this new study encourages the situa-tion in Gulf cities such by taking Dubai as a lead example. To perceive the architectural movement and conclude the current city image and its futuristic possibilities. The buildings in the 21st century collect their connotations from multi intellectual backgrounds. Past identities or history, culture and religion are weakened against the glob-al references to match the new era. The openness in symbolism and the collective ideas or world-wide ideas aim to re-shape the new face of the city. The study touches the basic transformation to the new era of the city image or what is after local architectural identity. The adoption of multi references and quotations from the west or even a non-referred architectural style announces the birth of the new identity of universalism and city branding. This new image is collective, futuristic non-predictive and what is clear is raising high up to a new skyline.

335

Name: Suliman Mansour Saleem Al-Adhyani


Job title: Egineering Aide


Paper title: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND WEIGHT OF REIN-FORCING BARS PRODUCED IN KSA

Paper abstract:

In reinforced concrete structures design, uncertainties in loadings, design, and construction make it pos-sible for load effects to be higher than computed and resistances to be lower than computed. Potential sources of these uncertainties include unforeseen loading conditions, changes in structure use, varying construction tolerances and loadings, and material property variations. Under the category of material property variations, the variability of the physical and mechanical properties of reinforcing steel affects the performance of rein-forced concrete structures. In Saudi Arabia, these properties have minimum requirements, as detailed by ASTM International standards a 615. In this study the variability of the weight and mechanical properties of reinforcing steel produced throughout the Saudi Arabia is evaluated experimentally. The results were analyzed to evaluate which manufacturers satisfy the minimum requirements established by ASTM International. The variability of the mechanical properties and weight of steel reinforcing bars is evaluated and expressions are developed to represent the probability distribution functions for yield and tensile strength. 133 ASTM 615 grade 60 samples from different manufacturers were collected and tested to obtain yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. The numbers of samples tested for percent of nominal weight were 96. A statistical analysis of steel rebar’s properties is conducted. Trends in the data are evaluated based on production mill. Normal Q-Q plots and his-togram are developed to represent the probability distribution functions for yield, tensile strength and elongation in all the bars. The analyses show that less than 1.5%, 3% and 7.3 %of the steel failed to meet minimum ASTM standards for yield strength, tensile strength, and weight respectively. All the samples satisfied the ASTM 615-15 condition for elongation.

336

Name: Yasir Meshari Theqal Alhammadi (speaker) & Mohammed Algahtany & Dean Kashiwagi

Work place: Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University



Paper title: Using Best Value PIPS Approach for Increasing the Efficiency of Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

Over the past three decades the Saudi construction industry performance is suffering from projects fin-ishing on time and within budget. The causes of low performance were documented in several studies that were conducted in the Saudi construction industry. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a potential solution that can help the owners of construction projects to over come these causes. In order to achieve the aim of this study, the studies that discuses the causes of low performance of the Saudi construction projects were analyzed and the top causes were identified. The research result showed that the Best Value PIPS approach has the ability to overcome the identified causes of low performance.

337

Name: Yasir Meshari Theqal Alhammadi

Work place: Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University



Paper title: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RISKS THAT AFFECT BUILDING PROJECTS IN SAUDI ARA-BIA

Paper abstract:

Economic development and the construction industry are closely tied. Indeed, construction is at the same time influenced by and may have an impact on a country’s Gross Domestic product (GDP). In this paper, the objective will be to identify and assess the severity of different risk factors with regard to project manag-ers’ perspectives on Building projects in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire survey was carried out, which indicated thirty-one different critical risk factors that could be categorized into eight separate groups. The results from the research stated that one particular risk from the political risk sub-group: “Loss due to bureaucracy for late approvals”, has the highest degree of severity when compared to the other factors. While, a factor belonging to the construction risks sub-group was identified as having the lowest degree of severity. This factor was: “Traffic control and restriction at job site”.

338

Name: Muhammad Irfan Khan

Work place: UAE

Job title: Instructor


Paper title: Evolution and future of Telecom Networks

Paper abstract:

In this presentation/paper w will discus and explain each and every factor of Telecommunication net-works.The evolution of the telecommunication technology and the possible future trends.What are the advance-ments going in the telecommunication sector in order to launch new and most sophisticated trends in order to meet the needs of the customers and the modern era.The presentation/paper will cover the following areas in detail. The difference between Communication and Telecommunication. What methods people used in Past for informing and communicating with each others and how these methods and ways evolved step by step and took the form of a network. What is a network? What are the Basic telecommunication networks? 1.Local area Net-works and Wide Area Networks 2.Public Switched Telephone Networks PSTN 3.Optical Fibre Netwoks 4.Cellular Telephony Explaination of the Networks in detail,how they came into being and through how much steps they passed to reach the present level and what are the future trends possible in these fields. For example the staring of Networking/Data communication.The different kind of network topologies like Star,Ring,Mesh,Tree,Bus etc.How data is transferred through these networks and reach the end users.Next is the traditional Telephony sys-tem/Network taht is known as Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN.The whole infrastructure of the PSTN will be discussed in detail and the evolution history as well.What are the major components of the PSTN network and how call is established between the Calling and Called party. Next is Optical Fibre Network.The introduction to diferent kinds of transmission media used in telecomunication networks.Guided and Unguided transmission media.Optical fibre is a kind of Guided transmision media used in telecommunication networks and individually it is a complicated and most important part of telecommunication networks.Explaining the different aspects,evolu-tion and possible future advancements in Optical field. The last but not least is the present most widely launced and used telecom technology that is Wirelles Communication or we can also say Cellular telephony.The start/beginning of Cellular telephony and the evolution from 1st Generation to 2G,3G,3.5G,4G,4.5G and the present 5th genertaion cellular networks. The whole presentation will be supported by Diagrams and flowcharts in order to well explain the points and the idea.

339

Name: أ.د / سيد عبد الباقى & د. سامح يحيى

Work place: مركز بحوث االسكان والبناء

Job title: أستاذ دكتور


Paper title: Investigation of Using Nano-Materials in Concrete

Paper abstract:

Nano concrete is a new generation for special powerful concrete, its rich with many benefits appear in this research and several unexplored potential achieved. This study included the usage of active Nano clay and Nano silica with different percentages 3%, 5%, 7% / 1%,2%, 3%, respectively as a replacement of cement content in concrete to get the optimum value to use. The methods of mixing (wet/dry) of these Nano-materials are taken into consideration to deal with site/lab cases. Properties of fresh concrete (slump test) was measured for all mix-es. Indirect tensile strength and flexural strength testes for specimens are carried out. The absorption in case of thirty minutes up to twenty four hours are recorded to ensure durability. Elevated temperature also, had its share of attention in case of one hour, two hours and two hours with sudden water-cool to measure an indication for the loose of compressive strength during fire fighting process. Ultrasonic wave pulses was used to evaluate the quality of internal contents of concrete (before and after) absorption and elevated temperature tests

340

Name: Renad Mohammed Omar Baabdullah

Work place: Effat University

Job title: Senior Architecture Student


Paper title: Traditional Domestic Architecture in Al-Baha Region

Paper abstract:

Abstract: Al-Baha region embraces a rich area of inherited Saudi traditional architecture that is highly threatened of perishing, and poorly documented, including a UNESCO world heritage site at Zee Ain Village. In this research paper, different urban fabric patterns of Al-Baha’s villages, and building techniques of stone houses are explained and analyzed in relation to the thoroughly discussed contextual conditions. The research clarifies how the environmental and sociocultural contexts shape traditional domestic units and arrangement of villages. In addition, full translated description and analysis of exterior and interior stone house architectural elements is made available in English for the first time in this paper. Throughout the study, preliminary plans and digital models have been developed for case studies that required more precise interpretation; fulfilling the doc-umentary goal, and the interpretive approach of the research. Keywords: Traditional Saudi architecture, Al-Baha, Traditional domestic architecture, stone houses, Al-Baha villages.

341

Name: Abdulrahman Saeed AlMashhor ALgahtani & Abdulaziz AlFuridi ALharbi

Work place: Saudi Electricity Company

Job title: Section head of Technical support


Paper title: Enhancing The Power Quality of Medium Voltage Distribution Feeder

Paper abstract:

This paper is about the case study related to the rectification of low voltage that the consumers some-times had. There were numerous consumers’ complaints of low voltage that put immense pressure on the man-agement as well. Therefore, the author was assigned a project to find out a solution on a long-term basis. The main objective was to improve the overall power quality of the whole distribution feeder and resolve the genuine grievances of the consumers. Improving the feeder’s ‘power quality’ refers to augmenting the overall feeder’s power factor as well as maintaining the system’s voltage right from the main bus-bar at the sub-station to the tail-end of the feeder, including all of its branches carrying loads. The author started by gathering all the feed-er’s details including its maximum (182 A) and minimum (160 A) loadings and power factors (83.5%@max.load; 84.96%@min.load) from the office of SCADA Control. The remaining feeder details such as transformer ratings, conductor type and span-lengths were taken from the concerned consumers’ office. It is a 33-KV feeder and its total length is 157-KM that is considered to be a very high number by standards. From past experience, the author concludes that for such a lengthy feeder with that much high peak loadings and low power factors, there would be a significant voltage drop at its tail-end. Based on these facts, the author chose the exact location of capacitor banks and automatic voltage regulators. The determination of the optimum number of this equipment was also a consideration to account for cost-benefit constraints. In order to accomplish this, the whole feeder was modeled to conduct a load-flow study using CYMEDIST software. According to company’s distribution standards, the voltage deviation of ±5% is only allowed. The load flow results showed the maximum voltage drop of 25.87% at maximum load and 22.73% at minimum load. The voltage profiles were then generated from the same load flow results and it was observed that the voltage was started dropping beyond ±5% threshold at a distance of 15KM from the main sub-station. Based on this analysis, the author selected two 33KV AVRs in closed delta configuration, each with 15% of voltage regulation at 12.1 KM and 45.7 KM from the sub-station. The load flow was run again after the AVRs installation and it was found that the voltage drop had reduced to 4.62% and 3.2% at maximum and minimum loadings respectively. To improve the resultant power factor of the feeder, 2 x 900KVAR fixed capacitor banks were selected to install at appropriate locations to improve the over-all power factor to 90% and 92% at maximum and minimum loads respectively. The equipment installation was successfully conducted and the results were verified from SCADA control on weekly basis. Hence, the author successfully improved the power quality of the MV distribution feeder, thereby also reducing its power losses by a large extent.

342

Name: SAMIR AHMED

Work place: .Intertek Saudi Arabia Ltd

Job title: (General Manager (Business Assurance


Paper title: A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPROACH TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFOR-MANCE

Paper abstract:

A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPROACH TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ISO’s one of the most famous standards, ISO 14001 “Environmental Management Systems” have gone through a major transformation with its new version released during last quarter of 2015. During the time since ISO 14001 was first published, organizations have used the model of this standard in developing their environment management systems. But, majority of those systems didn’t result in real value addition to organizations’ environmental per-formance management and they only served to meet clients’ requirements and/or to ensure legal compliance. The revised ISO 14001 gives a greater opportunity for organizations to integrate environment management with their business strategies and management practices. In line with the current multifaceted business environment, ISO 14001:2015 is providing a cohesive approach to environment management by putting sustainability at the core of business. According to the official ISO Survey of Year 2016, more than 7,200 organizations are certified to ISO 14001 in the Middle East region but only 8% of them have upgraded their certification to ISO 14001:2015 version. Following are some noticeable new requirements in revised ISO 14001 which will help the organiza-tions improving their environmental performance: • Establish broader conceptual understanding of internal and external issues that can affect environment management of the organization • Demonstrate accountability at top management level for the effectiveness of environmental management system to enable the system be managed at strategic level • Determine environmental aspects and associated impacts considering a life cycle perspective, enhancing the coverage of environmental management system to the areas where organizations do not have direct control but can influence the controls indirectly • Address associated risks and opportunities with an aim to ensure that environmental management system can achieve its intended outcomes • Determine a plan to achieve environmental objectives to an extent of what, when, who and how, ultimately integrating the plan into the organizations’ business processes • Integrate environmental requirements in the design and development of the product/service, considering each stage of its life cycle and exercise environmental care in procurement and outsourcing • Determine comprehensive system of environmental performance evaluation by defining parameters, criteria, indicators and frequency of monitoring and measurement • Include changes in sig-nificant environmental aspects, risks and opportunities as well as adequacy of resources in management review process In a nutshell, this new version of ISO 14001 is serving as a systematic and value-adding tool for environ-ment management ultimately contributing to sustainable development of the organizations. Industries in Mid-dle East should start focusing on managing their environmental footprint through adoption of ISO 14001:2015 based management system approach. This has more significance in Saudi Arabia, as Kingdom have pledged its environmental protection goals in Vision 2030 and industries must play their pivotal role in improving their environmental performance.

343

Name: Khalid Turki Salem Al-Qahtani


Job title: Process Engineer


Paper title: Vacuum Distillation Unit Optimization & troubleshooting (1st Ejector Intercondenser Failure)

Paper abstract:

Vacuum Column had been in abnormal operation since mid-2014. Following the start-up of the Crude and Vacuum Distillation Units after completing Total Refinery Shut-down (TRS) in June 2014, the vacuum dis-tillation unit was showing an abnormal operation as the vacuum column overhead pressure was exceeding the normal target, which is 15-19 mmHgA. This high pressure reading, which was 25-35 mmHgA, impacted the VGO production rate and as well as vacuum bottom yield, which was above 20.9 Vol% versus the target 18.7 Vol%. Consequently, VGO production dropped from 33 MBD to 27 MBD. Moreover, the high overhead pressure in-creased the vacuum bottom yield that impacted asphalt production by reducing the Asphalt Oxidizer charge rate from 14.4 MBD to 12.0 MBD due to lighter feed introduced into the unit. A thorough and detailed troubleshooting methodology was followed. Both process of elimination and tapping into industry best practices were applied. The troubleshooting was divided into two main focus areas: Vacuum Column system and the Vacuum Ejectors System. Also, the troubleshooting process involved unconventional techniques that contributed in identifying the direct cause of this abnormality. The troubleshooting revealed that the damaged seal strips of the Vacuum Column Ejector Intercondenser were the direct cause of the column abnormality. The function of the seal strips is to seal the shell inlet from the non-condensable gasses outlet; to maximize the condenser performance. While the seals were damaged, the condenser was not able to cool the inlet gasses, and consequently creating back pressure on the Vacuum Column Ejector. This in turn decreased the ejector performance and the column pres-sure exceeded the normal operating target. In August 2015 during VDU shut-down, the subject Intercondenser was offered for inspection and it was found that the seal strips were damaged. Following the seal’s replacement and unit normalization, the VGO resumed to 25 MBD that could be processed to the hydrocracker unit.

344

Name: Abdullah Abdulrahman A Alomair

Work place: Ohio State University

Job title: research assistant


Paper title: Don’t Waste the Waste (Logistics of the Donation Boxes) in Dhahran Area

Paper abstract:

No one can deny that the rule of the non-profit organization in society. But, the non-profit organizations should utilize their limited resources (time, money, efforts). This project focuses on utilizing the logistics of the surplus clothes and shoes to make the donation more convenient for donors and the non-profit organization as well which is responsible for the collecting, recycling and distributing to needy people. The data was collected using google maps and wikimapia to calculate the distance between the selected blocks that going to allocate donation boxes to them. The project was made in Dhahran district with 56 potential blocks for the donation boxes. The first objective is to identify the optimal number of boxes should be used in this project. The sec-ond objective is to allocate these boxes among the 56 blocks. Finally, we want to minimize the time and dis-tance traveled in the collection stage. For the first objective, there are two main types of constraints. The first is “boundary” constraint which means the donation box is either in the same block or one of the adjacent blocks. The second is “neighborhood” constraint which requires each neighborhood to have at least one donation box. We use set covering model to solve the first and second objectives. Simply put, set covering is a binary integer linear programming (BILP) model which the output is either 0 or 1. This represents the selection of the blocks to allocate a donation box in it. After getting the locations of the donation boxes, we use travel salesman problem (TSP) model to find the sequence of a collection in such way that time and distance traveled are minimized. Further, we conduct some what-if analysis after obtaining the optimal solution. For example, what will be the selection when blocking some location to have the donation box? What will be the selection of we have a mutu-ally exclusive constraint (only one of two locations should be selected)? In a nutshell, we found that the optimal number of boxes, with their potential location, is 12 by using set covering model. Then, we used TSP model to solve the third objective. We used MS Excel, Lingo, and Cplex to solve these problems. We found that there is a 70% improvement by using the proposed solution by run a simulation model in ARENA software.

345

Name: Abdullah F. Basiouni (Yanbu University College), Abdullah Almansour (King Fahd University of Petro-leum and Minerals KFUPM), Ahmed Alojairi (King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals KFUPM)

Work place: Yanbu Industrial City



Paper title: Net-Enabled Innovation for IT Growth in Saudi Business Environment: A Multi-Group Analysis

Paper abstract:

This research study conducts a multi-group analysis based on industries operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using Net-Enabled Business Innovation Cycle NEBIC model. The study focused on adoption of NEBIC model among different online sellers (different size of the firms; based on the No. of employees and based on the sales volume, such as Micro, SMEs and Large). A sample size of 338 used after filtering the data gathered from 500 Saudi Firms with a net response rate of 68%. The study used simple descriptive statistical data anal-ysis method to analyze the data and revealed that 58% of the participating firms have 500 or more employees, 58% of the firms belong to Large size organization out of which belong to Engineering and construction type of the firms. 84% of the responding firms have higher sales in the Engineering and constructions type of the indus-tries which make the online selling / buying. Exclusively identifying the sales volume, the results revealed that 52% of the firms have 10% or more online selling. 73% of the firms do conduct the online business in any form. The paper also tested the model acceptance among the large size firms selling online by applying correlation analysis and found accepted. The study limited to the firm operating in Saudi Arabia. The future direction of the research may be conducted for other countries operating online business to test the multi-group analysis.

346

Name: احمد خالد احمد الفريده

Work place: وزارة اإلسكان / شركة بارسونز العربية السعودية المحدودة

Job title: منسق مشاريع القطاع الشرقي


Paper title: Greening Value Engineering for Building Sector in Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to develop the synergy between value engineering and green principles; as such a linking will lead to the optimal long-term value. Thus, this paper attempts to identify and evaluate the synergies between value engineering and green principle. This paper also aims to create a tool that encourages architects to use sustainability in their projects, particularly in Saudi Arabia. A readily applicable methodology that will minimize waste in the construction process and simultaneously save time and save costs will go far in supporting the incorporation of green principles. In Saudi Arabia, there is still a lack of innovative concepts and durable materials, as well as a lack of enthusiasm for green building practices. This new tool seeks to encourage Saudi citizens to apply green principles in their own projects as well as to lead the way for government-funded programs. The main objective is to develop a viable methodology or a rule that combines green principles and value engineering under one umbrella. This paper presents a new concept and offering multiple pathways to applying green principles in the Saudi building sector, making it possible for researchers further develop this tool. The result of this paper presents framework that apply a value engineering with the factors that affecting sustainability.

347

Name: Diyaa Hafiz & Rosniza binti Othman

Work place: University of Prince Mugrin

Job title: Lecturer


Paper title: The importance of Site Analysis towards Sustainable Design

Paper abstract:

Site analysis is a significant phase in any building design that should seriously think of in the earliest stage of design. Lacking site investigation and analysis may weaken the connections between the newly built and the existing natural environment, thus causing the occurrence of sustainable issues such as inefficient use of natural ventilation, inadequate building orientation and the waste of natural resources. This paper explores ways of creative strategies and practical techniques by investigating the surroundings and nature’s indicators and use that knowledge to develop an initial design concept that enhances the relationship between architec-ture and the natural environment. Such techniques will assist to create sustainable architecture that engages the surroundings and provides suitable and sustainable living conditions. Furthermore, this paper addresses the environmental issues that occur to architecture when the surrounding environment is not properly thought of while designing, then demonstrates method of analysing the site’s conditions, by investigating the naturally exist sun, wind, and vegetation, then transforming it into an initial design concept that ensure the future well-being of the nature whilst developing and fulfilling the human needs. Keywords: analysis, sustainable issues, creative strategies, initial design, environment

348

Name: ناصر بن سليمان بن ناصر القصابي

Work place: شركة تنمية نفط عمان

Job title: مهندس مشاريع


Paper title: كيليمنجارو و الهندسة القيمية

Paper abstract:

الورقــة عبــارة عــن مقاربــة ومقارنــة بيــن منهجيــن لهمــا اهتمــام كبيــر مــن قبــل الكاتــب وهمــا منهــج الهندســة القيميــة وتجربــة الصعــود لقمــة جبــل كيليمنجــارو بجمهوريــة تنزانيــا. بعــد تأمــل عميــق فــي هذيــن المنهجيــن تبيــن أن هنــاك الكثيــر مــن العوامــل المشــتركة وبإمــكان ربــط األســلوبين مــع بعضهمــا بــكل ســهولة ويســر. المقارنــة اشــتملت علــى المراحــل الثــالث الرئيســة وهــي مرحلــة مــا قبــل دراســة الهندســة القيميــة ويقابلهــا مرحلــة مــا قبــل الصعــود لجبــل كيليمنجــارو ومرحلــة الدراســة ويقابلهــا مرحلــة الصعــود والمرحلــة األخيــرة وهــي مرحلــة مــا بعــد الدراســة والتــي يقابلهــا مرحلــة مــا بعــد كيلمنجــارو. الورقــة كتبــت بأســلوب شــيق

وســلس مــع ضــرب األمثلــة لتسلســل األحــداث وربطهــا بمنهــج علمــي.

349

Name: عمرو احمد محمد زينه& ابراهيم بن احمد الضبيب

Work place: المركز المتطور الستشارات الهندسة المدنية

Job title: مدير ادارة المشاريع األهلية


Paper title: تحقيق مدن مستدامة خالية من الكربون باستخدام بحوث العمليات

Paper abstract:

ملخــص البحــث: المقدمــة: تأثــرت التنميــة العمرانيــة فــي القــرن العشــرين باالتجاهــات الحديثــة فــي التخطيــط والعمــارة، وتشــكلت بيئــات حديثــة قــد ال تتميــز باالســتدامة، وذلــك بســبب عــدم التوافــق بيــن األهــداف العمرانيــة والواقــع الطبيعــي القائــم، حيــث أدى التطــور التقنــي المعاصــر وديناميكيــة النمــو العمرانــي إلــى تجاهــل العوامــل البيئيــة واإلنســانية المختلفــة عنــد تخطيــط التجمعــات العمرانيــة الجديــدة. ومــن أهــم معاييــر التنميــة العمرانيــة المســتدامة أن تكــون متوافقــة وظيفيــا، بيئيــا وتكنولوجيــا وان تشــجع اســتخدام مــوارد الطاقــة المتجــددة وترشــيد االســتهالك، و االهتمــام بمصادرهــا وتوفيرهــا فــي التجمعــات العمرانيــة الجديــدة والبعــد عــن مصــادر الطاقــة الملوثــة للبيئــة، وقــد كانــت نظــم التنميــة العمرانيــة فــي البدايــة تعنــى بحــل المشــكالت العمرانيــة أكثــر مــن أن تعمــل علــى تحســين البيئــة العمرانيــة والبشــرية لإلنســان، وقــد وجــد المخططــون مؤخــرا انــه البــد مــن تغييــر المدخــل التقليــدي للتصميــم العمرانــي للتحــول إلــى نظــم التصميــم مــن اجــل التنميــة العمرانيــة المســتدامة. المشــكلة البحثيــة: علــى الرغــم مــن وجــود تطبيقــات عديــده تهــدف الــى تحقيــق التنميــة المســتدامة للمــدن اال انــه ال توجــد نســب لمعــدالت اســتعماالت األراضــي أو مــدى لهــده النســب تســاعد المخطــط علــى تحقيــق اســتدامة المــدن مــن خــالل الحــد مــن انبعــاث الغــازات الضــارة بالبيئــة مثــل غــاز ثانــي اكســيد الكربــون. الهــدف مــن البحــث: لــذا تهــدف هــذه الورقــة البحثيــة الــى انتــاج نمــوذج حســابي باســتخدام البرمجــة الخطيــة للقيــم االقــرب للمثاليــة لنســب معــدالت اســتعماالت االراضــي التــي تحقــق بيئــة عمرانيــة مســتدامة خاليــة مــن التلــوث )Zero Carbon(. منهجيــة البحــث: ولتحقيــق هــذا الهــدف اتبــع البحــث المنهــاج االســتنباطي وتحليــل مجموعــة مــن المــدن والتجمعــات المســتدامة للوقــوف علــى نســب انبعــاث ثانــي اكســيد الكربــون مــن اســتعماالت األراضــي. وانتقــل البحــث الــى المنهــاج التطبيقــي باســتخدام البرمجــة الخطيــة لبنــاء النمــوذج الحســابي الــذى يحقــق نســب اســتعماالت األراضــي األقــرب للمثاليــة والمســتهدفة. الكلمــات المفتاحيــة: االســتدامة- التنميــة الحضريــة المســتدامة- المــدن الخضــراء المســتدامة- البرمجــة الخطيــة وتطبيقاتهــا. الخالصــة: • خلــص البحــث الــى بنــاء نمــوذج حســابي باســتخدام بحــوث العمليــات )البرمجــة الخطيــة( يســاعد علــى اختيــار القيــم المثلــى لنســب اســتعماالت االراضــي التــي تعمــل علــى خفــض معــدل انبعــاث ثانــي اكســيد الكربــون. • واســتخالص المنحنــي البيانــي)AZ-Optimized Green Area( الخــاص بقيــم اســتعماالت األراضــي االرشــادية لضمــان عــدم انحــراف قيــم اســتعماالت األراضــي عــن هــدف تقليــل انبعــاث غــاز ثانــي أكســيد الكربــون وتحقيــق أهــداف المــدن الخضــراء وضمــان بيئــة صحيــة للمعيشــة والحفــاظ علــى الحيــاة داخــل كوكــب األرض والحــد مــن ظاهــرة االحتبــاس الحــراري، حيــث تتميــز المســاحة المظللــة )AZ-Optimized Green Area( بإعطــاء مرونــة للمخطــط العمرانــي باإلبــداع بــدون االنحــراف عــن

األهــداف الرئيســية للمخطــط العــام.

350

Name: Ahmed Hasan Ali Al Ezz

Work place: Alezz & Bakers Associates

Job title: Managing Partner - MENA Region


Paper title: The aspirations of the next decade: a look at sustainable building materials and alternative energy sources in buildings; for Arabian Gulf Countries

Paper abstract:

Engineering as profession is sensitive when it comes to the needed standards and sustainability. There has been a palpable and deliberate discrepancy between the theoretical engineering that is taught in the insti-tution and the pragmatic application of the very theoretical concepts. The discrepancy can be attributed to a compromise of standards in term of design or the materials that are used and sources of energy in the building. In most cases, sustainability is never factored in the environment is ignored among many other factors. To bridge this gap, engineering need to be prospective rather than retrospective in order to eliminate the future problems with the present practice. It is to this effect that materials used in engineering need to be re-evaluated and novel standards that have sustainability component in them re-installed. Sustainability of the building materials and the alternative sources of energy in the building is imperative in order to be in tandem with the cooperate social responsibility. A cooperate social responsibility (CSR) approach among the engineers will ensure that there is a sustainable development while at the same time delivering beneficial social, environmental and economic values. To achieve the CSR approach, innovation and technology becomes central. Reliance on fossil fuels and other sources of energy that are not renewable only means that time will come in future where rationing will be on the rise, the environment will be polluted when there are many alternatives that can be explored by the current practice. Futuristic approach in the engineering means that professionals are not only concerned with present but also the future of engineering. Doing away with these architectural problems and use building material that are pro-clean and efficient use of energy is important to the economy of the country, the environment and social life of the citizenry of Arabian Gulf Countries. This paper will demonstrate the basic fundamentals of cooperate social responsibility that need to be observed and the approach among the engineers will ensure that there is a sustainable development in approaching green buildings models while at the same time delivering beneficial so-cial, environmental and economic values. Keywords: Cooperate Social Responsibility, Standards, Sustainability

351

Name: Maha Mahmoud Aly Lashin

Work place: Banha University

Job title: Associated Professor


Paper title: title: Effect of Friction Stir Processing on the Dynamic Behavior of

Paper abstract:

AA6061 aluminum alloy (Al–Mg–Si alloy) has a wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight struc-tures that requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. The aim of the present work is to investigate the FSP (friction stir processing) as a potential processing technique for aluminum alloys be-cause of various advantages it offers over other processes. A modal analysis technique used to study effect of changing mechanical work conditions (cutting speed and feed rate) on the dynamic behavior of aluminum alloy. The studying appeared that, the natural frequency of AA6061 aluminum alloy piece gave a good results at high cutting speed and medium value of feed rate. Also the damping value decrease with increasing the cutting speed and feed rate.

352

Name: Husain Baaqel


Job title: Engineer


Paper title: Fuel Quality on Demand for Improving Fuel Economy and Reducing Emissions

Paper abstract:

The demand for transport energy is continuing to grow due to an increasing global population and im-proved living standards. As a result, governments and policymakers are enforcing tighter regulations to control emissions from vehicles, particularly greenhouse gases such as CO2. At the same time, the incremental effi-ciency and fuel economy improvements of conventional internal combustion engines is reaching a point where it may not keep up with these requirements. The automotive industry is therefore under increasing pressure to find other solutions that can increase engine efficiency, improve fuel economy and control emissions for sus-tainability. Fuel quality on demand, or Octane-on-Demand (OoD), is a promising technology that could address such challenges. Today’s vehicles operate with fuel of specific quality, i.e. octane or cetane rating. However, most of the driving cycle requires a lower amount of fuel quality than is actually available. High fuel quality is only required at high severity conditions, and this seldom occurs during urban driving. Optimization of this pro-cess therefore requires an engine-fuel system that can minimize octane giveaway. The Octane-on-Demand concept fulfills these requirements by providing the engine with only the necessary amount of fuel quality for specific driving conditions, thereby making the most effective use of the available fuel quality. This can either be achieved using two fuels with different octane quality, or by upgrading the fuel onboard the vehicle using phys-ical and/or chemical processes. In this work, the concept of Octane-on-Demand will be demonstrated over the full product life cycle. This includes the impact of Octane-on-Demand technology on the engine efficiency, fuel economy and exhaust emissions. The potential of this technology platform to reduce energy consumption within the refining industry will also be considered. Additionally, the different approaches that could be used to imple-ment Octane-on-Demand will be discussed. This includes physical separation processes, such as flash and membrane separation, together with chemical processes, such as selective oxidation. The latest experimental and simulation results for selected fuels, including Saudi and US gasolines, will also be presented.

353

Name: Ahmad Nayef Salih Alsudairi & Rames Salim Awdah Alshehri & Ayman Bin Saad & Yazeed Ateq Al-habbad & Mohammad Ayedh Althubaiti

Work place: NES

Job title: Aerospace Engineer


Paper title: Estimating Surface Imperfections Annual Fuel Consumption Cost

Paper abstract:

Consider an aircraft grounded for overnight patch structure repair. The repair impact on the near future fuel consumption are considered insignificant. But, if the fuel penalty was calculated at extended period, the considerations will differ. Taking that decision by a maintenance engineer is not an easy task. The objective of this paper is to build a tool for estimating the fuel penalty resulted aircraft surface imperfections, to assist the maintenance engineers in taking better fuel effective decisions. Aerosmotheness of aircraft surface have a significant effect on aircraft fuel consumption. Aircraft skin surface imperfections the can lead to >5% extra fuel consumption. There are several imperfections can be solved during aircraft maintenance (e.g. door or window mismatch, control surface mismatch, external patches, skin roughness). During busy aircraft scheduling, several imperfections are considered insignificance and the aircraft is released to fly with those imperfections. The deci-sion of maintaining one imperfection or not is not easy for maintenance engineer. The objective of this research is to build and validate equations of estimating the aircraft surface imperfections impact on annual (or time-span, periodical) fuel consumption. Then, transforming this estimations into a tool which can assist maintenance en-gineers in their related decisions (e.g. considering -or not- imperfection negligible and releasing aircraft, doing maintenance in the next periodical check, doing external or flush patch repair).

354

Name: Omar Sami Abdulaziz Alabdulgader


Job title: Engineer


Paper title: Corrosion Performance and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel using Selective Laser Melting

Paper abstract:

The corrosion performance and mechanical properties of additive manufactured 316L stainless steel material have been studied. As a revolutionary manufacturing process, additive manufacturing creates three-di-mensional objects by the fusion of successive layers of metallic powder using computer controlled heat sourc-es such as lasers or electron beams. Geometries with high complexity patterns can be produced using this net-shape manufacturing process. It brings solutions to a wide spectrum of applications in different industries such as aerospace, energy production and medical devices. However, the material properties produced by the repetitive powder deposition and curing process has a major impact on the reliability of the additive manufac-tured devices; especially at aggressive environments. In this experiment, the properties of 316L stainless steel parts manufactured using Selective Laser Melting SLM technique have been studied. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test indicated that additive manufactured materials had lower corrosion resistance than the wrought stainless steel parts of the same grade. This was evident by the difficulty of regenerating a stable and protective passive oxide layer at room temperature as well as the instability of passivation at higher temperatures. This be-havior was attributed, mainly, to the higher surface roughness generated by the additive manufacturing process and to the chemical composition of the passive layer. Moreover, the additive manufactured samples showed a higher yield strength than the wrought samples but lower values for elongation and ultimate tensile stress. The increased strength and reduced ductility of the additive manufactured sample was likely a result of grain size strengthening.

355

Name: ايمن احمد قاسم طشطوش

Work place: الرياض

Job title: مهندس حاسب كميات


Paper title: THE EFFECT OF FIBRE VOLUME FRACTION AND THICKNESS ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT OIL PALM SHELL CONCRETE USING COCONUT COIR FIBRE

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT Oil Palm Shell OPS has been used in order to produce sustainability, environmentally friendly, affordable, and lightweight constructions. Reinforcing the concrete by steel bars has been used for long time and has been replaced by sustainable, environmentally, and energy-efficient fibres such as oconut Coir fibre. Impact load as one of the loads applied on the structure has the efficient effect and thus it has the opportunity to be studied and examined. This research studied the impact resistance performance of Multifilament Coconut coir fiber oil palm concrete slab. The mix design of this research has been prepared using 100% OPS as coarse aggregate. Compressive strength has been widely used as an indicator for the concrete mix quality and there-fore it has been carefully determined. Impact resistance of the prepared mix design has been examined using the drop weight method for three variables of, different slab thickness (30mm, 40mm, and 50mm), different low volume fraction Coconut Fibre (1%, 1.5% and 2%) and different Boundary condition ( 2way , 3 way and 4 way support ). The result from compressive strength test showed a linear reduction in strength which is due to the fibre inclusion in concrete. From the drop weight test the findings showed a linear increment in the impact resis-tance performance with the increment of slab thickness fibre volume fraction and boundary condition due to the increment in the slab capacity to absorb .energy by adding the fibre

356

Name: Paul CHAN Wei Chuan

Work place: The University of Manchester

Job title: Senior Lecturer in the Management of Projects


Paper title: Finding the Social in the Management of Projects

Paper abstract:

Project work constitutes a significant part of work in today’s organisational life. It is estimated that nearly a quarter of the world’s output is in capital formation, much of which is delivered through project organisation. In many public-sector, private-sector and third-sector organisations, project work has become the main deliv-ery vehicle for achieving organisational outcomes. Theories and practices of the management of projects have started to shift beyond the development of tactical management tools to consider a more strategic role for proj-ects to play in securing the competitive advantage for organisations. In this talk, I seek to build on the legacy of management of projects as a strategic concept to ask questions about the societal influences of (and on) project work. With grand societal challenges such as climate change and rapid urbanisation, and with growing recog-nition of the significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, this talk will consider how projects can make a more explicit and bigger contribution to delivering societal value. I will present current thinking in the Manage-ment of Projects Group at The University of Manchester in finding the social in the management of projects.

357

Name: Abdulrahman Saeed AlMashhor ALgahtani & Dr. Jawad Ali Mahdi Alsuliman

Work place: Saudi Electricity Company

Job title: Section head of Technical Support


Paper title: Importance Of Implement The Right Organizational Structure In Saudi Contracting Companies

Paper abstract:

This research aims to find out what approach the Saudi contracting companies adopt to en-hance their performance and productivity. It is clearly noticed that organization style has a significant impact on companies’ performance and success as it makes it easy for people to collaborate and achieve business goals. The management style of companies in Saudi Arabia is mostly hierarchical and while it may work for most companies, there is a dire need to be aware of other organization styles as well such as matrix, divisional and functional. Bureaucratic organizations, notably in Saudi Contracting companies tend to lag behind in speed of work and collaboration because of their paternalistic organizational structure. This style of management is extremely favorable for firms that have to comply with several rules and regulations and ensure that uniformity is maintained in each deliverable. However, contracting companies in Saudi Arabia that need to rapidly get pro-posals approved and projects finalized, structure can prove to be an obstacle. In order to reach to the maximum effectiveness, employees need to get work done efficiently which can only be possible when they are given a certain level of autonomy and freedom which mostly Saudi work culture in contracting companies does not properly apply it. Additionally, one more issue has to be taken into consideration to maximum performance and productivity, the lack of innovation and collaboration due to several lines of communication between the top and lower level of management. For that reason, bureaucratic organization structure is proving to be a threat to or-ganizations in Saudi Arabia instead of enhancing teamwork on projects. This issue obviously leads to slowdown the process of decision making which surely would case delay and cost overruns in their projects. Furthermore, innovation environment in contracting companies can only be done when people interact with each other on a routine basis regardless of departments and divisions. In most Saudi contracting companies this is not properly implemented, and employees are confined within their own job responsibilities. Paternalistic structure as found today in Saudi Arabia is not always unfavorable rather companies should adopt it when quick pace of work and collaboration is subsequent to standardization. It is highly recommended that Saudi contracting companies choose an organization structure that is in alignment with the business landscape and adaptable to changes such as downturns, recessions, mergers or acquisitions. The importance of a clear strategic plan and appropri-ate organizational structure compatible with firm needs to be easily modifiable and cannot be stressed enough in current Saudi business culture. Currently, functional organization style is most evident in Saudi contracting companies but a composite structure between matrix and functional organization types can reap better results in terms of productivity.

358

Name: ALI AKRAMI AMER

Work place: Saudi Telecom Company

Job title: Advisor


Paper title: Digital Transformation between the Hype and Reality and its importance for a Digital Economy in Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

Abstract: Individuals and businesses alike are embracing the digital revolution. Social networks and dig-ital devices are being used to engage government, businesses, and civil society, as well as friends and family. People are using mobile, interactive tools to determine who to trust, where to go and what to buy. At the same time, businesses are undertaking their own digital transformations, rethinking what customers value most, and creating operating models that take advantage of what’s newly possible for competitive differentiation. The chal-lenge for business is how fast and how far to go on the path to digital transformation. In the Business landscape, Digital Transformation is defined as the realignment of or new investment in technology, business models, Peo-ple, and processes to more effectively compete in an ever-changing digital economy. Having digital capabilities is no longer just a part of running a business, it has become the business itself. Even the smallest of firms can now operate on a global scale through skillful use of technology. The paper is used to identify/assess the Dig-ital transformation progress globally and in the Kingdom, and what steps should be followed for a successful transformation. Then outlines the digitization aspect in the kingdom, and how to use this transformation as an engine for a digital Economy. The paper concludes with giving best recommendations from matured experienc-es gained from the world.

359

Name: رائد عمر إلياس بتاوي

Work place: مدارس دار الذكر

Job title: إستاذ تقنيات روبوتيك


Paper title: DESIGN OF A SOLAR POWERED EMERGENCY DRONE

Paper abstract:

Whether it is a fire, kidnapping, robbery or disaster, emergency response teams need to be present in seconds and minutes can result in casualty. On the other hand, if a firefighter or police officer doesn’t take time to assess the situation it can cost them their life along with others and make a challenging situation worse. Drones are air crafts without a human pilot aboard. Drones are often preferred for missions that are too “important, sim-ple, dirty, or dangerous” for humans. With on-board computers, the flight of drones may operate with various degrees of autonomy: either under remote control by a human operator, or fully or intermittently autonomously [1]. Drones can be used as a resource to assist emergency respondents in life saving situations. Small drones mostly use lithium-polymer batteries (Li-Po), while larger vehicles rely on conventional airplane engines. Battery elimination circuitry (BEC) is an electronic circuit designed to deliver electrical power to other circuitry without the need for multiple batteries. BECs often utilize micro-controllers and are used to centralize power distribution. Drones are not a new invention, however the implementation of solar panels to provide power to the on-board circuity is a concept that has not been widely explored. In this research, we explain how to build an emergency drone that utilize solar panels to provide power to its on-board circuity. First, the specifications of the drone are defined. Secondly, the role of the electronic circuity and solar panels are discussed. One of the challenges that had to be addressed in this project was overcoming the difficulty of utilizing solar power to energize the circuity that provide power for the drone. Next the implementation and results are discussed and then we follow-up with a conclusion of future research efforts for this project.

360





Paper title: Analysing the Severity of Road Traffic Crashes in Riyadh City using Statistical Models

Paper abstract:

Traffic crashes in Riyadh city cause losses in the form of deaths, injuries and property damages, in ad-dition to the pain and social tragedy affecting families of the victims. In 2005, there were a total of 47,341 injury traffic crashes occurred in Riyadh city (19% of the total KSA crashes) and 9% of those crashes were severe. Road safety in Riyadh city may have been adversely affected by: high car ownership, migration of people to Riyadh city, high daily trips reached about 6 million, high rate of income, low-cost of petrol, drivers from different nationalities, young drivers and tremendous growth in population, which creates a high level of mobility, and transport activities in the city. The primary objective of this paper is therefore to explore factors affecting the severity of road crashes in Riyadh city using appropriate statistical models aiming to establish effective safety policies ready to be implemented to reduce the severity of road crashes in Riyadh city. Crash data for Riyadh city were collected from the Higher Commission for the Development of Riyadh (HCDR) for a period of five years from 1425H to 1429H (roughly corresponding to 2004-2008). Crash data were classified into three categories: fatal, serious-injury and slight-injury. Two nominal response models have been developed: a standard multi-nomial logit model (MNL) and a mixed logit model to injury-related crash data. Due to a severe underreporting problem on the slight injury crashes, binary and mixed binary logistic regression models were also estimated for two categories of severity: fatal and serious crashes. Ward-level crash data are disaggregated by severity of the crash (such as fatal and serious injury crashes). The results from both multinomial and binary response models are found to be fairly consistent but the results from the random parameters model seem more reasonable. Age and nationality of the driver, excessive speed, wet road surface and dark lighting conditions and single vehicle crashes are associated with increased probability of fatal crashes. More specifically, the probability of having a fatal crash increases with the age of the driver and Saudi drivers (relative to non-Saudi drivers) are associated with the probability of fatal crashes (relative to serious injury crashes). A crash involving a single vehicle is found to be more severe than a crash involving a multiple vehicles. Based on the findings, ranges of countermeasures are proposed to reduce the severity of traffic crashes in Riyadh city.

361

Name: صالح سعيد صالح الموزعي

Work place: Limitless Solutions Company

Job title: Funder


Paper title: حل المشاكل بأكثر فاعلية باستخدام خريطة حل المشكلة و العصق الذهني الفردي

Paper abstract:

قمــت بعمليتيــن فــي تطويــر حــل المشــاكل: العمليــة األولــى: الطريقــة التقليديــة فــي عمليــة حــل المشــاكل تمــر فــي طريــق خطــي: تحديــد المشــكلة ==> جمــع البيانــات مــع إنشــاء مخطــط الســبب و األثــر والكشــف عــن الســبب الجــذري ==> توليــد الحلــول ==> تطبيــق الحلــول نبــه Keith Sawyer فــي كتابــه Zig Zag علــى ضعــف هــذه الطريقــة فــي حــل المشــاكل بفاعليــة. وأن الطريقــة المتعرجــة بيــن المراحــل ترفــع مــن كفــاءة حــل المشــاكل. كانــت المشــكلة التــي تواجهنــي كيــف يمكــن نقــل عمليــة حــل المشــكلة مــن الطريقــة الخطيــة إلــى المتعرجــة. فجعلــت مراحــل حــل المشــكلة جميعهــا علــى الحائــط و جعلــت كل مرحلــة فــي صنــدوق. العمليــة الثانيــة: العصــف الذهنــي فــي توليــد الحلــول تتــم بيــن مجموعــة أمــام بعضهــم البعــض لكــن االخفــاق فــي االلتــزام بقواعــد العصــف الذهنــي تضعــف عمليــة توايــد األفــكار. أجــرت جامعــة مانهايــم األلمانيــة دراســة حــول قــدرة الشــخص علــى توليــد األفــكار بشــكل فــردي و مــع مجموعــة. وجــدوا أن توليــد األفــكار أكثــر إنتاجيــة بشــكل فــردي عــن توليدهــا فــي مجموعــة. و الســبب يرجــع إلــى وجــود رقابــة داخليــة فــي الشــخص يســببها الســلوك العفــوي مــن المجموعــة أو بســبب الهالــة حــول الشــخص المقابــل ألجــل أناقتــه مثــال. ومــن هــذا ظهــرت الكثيــر مــن المواقــع التــي تســتخدم العصــف الذهتــي الفــردي لكــن واجهتنــي صعوبــة فــي إمكانيــة اســتخدام الفريــق المواقــع فــي العصــف الذهنــي. ولــذا قمــت بعمــل تطبيــق ســهل فــي االســتخدام

لتحقيــق العصــف الذهنــي الفــردي.

362

Name: Ibrahim Mohammed I Alhuraish

Work place: University of Angers

Job title: Cooperative research associate


Paper title: Application of multi-criteria decision used to estimate used to estimate the Performance of organi-zations that Implement quality approach

Paper abstract:

The purpose this study was to assess the usefulness of implementing lean manufacturing and Six Sig-ma within several industries. This assessment was conducted using a multi criteria decision-making method through the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process model to rank relative priorities for decision-making. Findings revealed that companies that implement both lean and Six Sigma companies outperform those that im-plement either lean (or an aspect of it) only or Six Sigma alone. The present findings have the potential to guide companies to determine of which criteria are more effective for improving quality through lean manufacturing and Six Sigma implementation

363

Name: منال سيد عبد الحميد على

Work place: المركز القومى لبحوث اإلسكان و البناء

Job title: مدير معهد التشييد و ادارة المشروعات بالمركز القومى لبحوث اإلسكان و البناء


Paper title: Assessment of the management approach for a construction and demolition recycling station (case study)

Paper abstract:

Waste Management is one of main practices for achieving Sustainable construction (SC). The Imple-mentation of Construction and Demolition solid waste management (CDWM) has a remarkable positive impact on environmental, social and economic sides of any society. This paper is a case study that aims to assess two different management approaches of C&D solid waste recycling station in according to their environmental, social and economic impact. The recycling station is located in new Cairo city in Egypt. . Taking into account the available resources as main factor that limits the approach selection; this research is conducted through the following steps: 1) Assessing the economic and environmental impacts of the currently selected management approach, 2) Identifying the required improvements to avoid the negative impacts on economic and environment of the currently selected one , and 3) Proposing an alternative management approach that have remarkable advantages from the environmental and economic perspectives. This paper has found that the variation in the available resources is the keyword for the long term implementation of any CDWM system. Therefore, the de-cision maker should decide on a flexible management system that can be modified according to the available resources and that has the minimum negative impact environmentally and economically Key Wards: Sustainable construction, C&D solid waste management, assessment, management approach.

364

Name: لطيفة بنت علي المغنم

Work place: اليوجد

Job title: اليوجد


Paper title: عمارة المسكن القليدي بالمنطقة الشرقية

Paper abstract:

يعــد موضــوع عمــارة المســكن التقليــدي فــي المنطقــة الشــرقية مــن المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية مــن المواضيــع المهمــة، كونــه المنتــج المــادي األكثــر تواجــدا فــي المحيــط اإلنســاني فهــو مــكان النشــأة والنمــو الفنــاء. تهــدف هــذه الدراســة إلــى تفكيــك ودراســة بنيــة المســكن التقليــدي فــي شــرق المملكــة العربيــة الســعودية وتفســير ظواهــره الماديــة مــن خــالل البحــث فــي العالقــات المتداخلــة بيــن نوعيــة مــواد البنــاء والبيئــة الطبيعيــة المحليــة، بهــدف رصــد العوامــل المؤثــرة فــي تشــكيل الشــكل الخارجــي والفــراغ

الداخلــي.

365

Name: Yasser Saad A. Algohany

Work place: General Directorate of Health Affairs in Medina Almunawra

Job title: Specialist Medical Engineer


Paper title: Developing Maintenance Schedules for CT Scan at King Fahd Hospital in Saudi Arabia by using Reliability Centred Maintenance

Paper abstract:

Maintenance management has become an integral element in the health sector in terms of striving for its goal to meet the requirements safe operation of equipment and the services rendered to citizens all over the world. Some types of maintenance management techniques that are applied in business, services and in-dustry such as Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM). This techniques is expected to increase the lifetime of equipment such as CT scan (computed tomography) and facilities. Also this technique uses various methods to improve situation maintenance onsite by employing both planned maintenance such as Proactive Maintenance, Predictive Maintenance and Preventive Maintenance) and unplanned maintenance such as Corrective Main-tenance. Reliability Centred Maintenance is one type of maintenance that is outstanding in terms of providing vital strategies. RCM approach is considered in this study in a view to increase the efficiency of systems in the health care sector and also to enhance the reliability of equipment, and at the same time propose adequate proactive maintenance strategy. This aim of this paper is to increase the reliability of CT scan by investigating and identifying the root causes of the failures of scanners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia hospitals. This paper evaluate and propose maintenance activities for CT scan at King Fahd Hospital (KFH) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; the RCM and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) identified failures in this hospital and its maintenance records was reviewed in order to develop effective maintenance strategies. The Reliability Centred Maintenance methodology was implemented in CT scanner using historical data collected over a period of 31 months, from January 2013 to July 2015. This scanner had 40.35 % reliability after making our analysis maintenance record because the KFH does not use RCM during operation and maintenance. As a result of implementing RCM tech-niques during the CT scan operation the KFH uses will notice a major improvement in the reduction of stoppage time due to the systematic failure of the machine. This will improve the reliability of CT scanner as well as other medical equipment and services.

366

Name: Hatem Hamdy Ahmed Ghieth

Work place: Prof. of concrete structures, National Builing Research Center, Cairo.

Job title: Prof. of concrete structures, National Builing Research Center, Cairo.


Paper title: Influence of Direct Fire on Reinforced Concrete Beams

Paper abstract:

1st Prof/ Samir Saad Ibrahim Nassar 2nd Prof/ Hatem Hamdy Ahmed Ghieth Influence of Direct Fire on Reinforced Concrete Beams Samir S. Ibrahim 1, Hatem Ghith2 Professor, and Housing Building Research Center Cairo, Egypt E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT the performance of high strength reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures is critical especially in case of the evaluation of building behavior in fire conditions. During the last few years damages due to fire on the reinforced concrete buildings were considered among the important fields of discussion. Many researches reported and explained the fire effect on the mechanical properties of the normal concrete and reinforcement. As the need of high strength concrete arises with increasing demands for an unproved efficiency and reduced concrete construction cost, the effect of fire on high strength concrete beams were studied in this research. In this research twelve high strength concrete beams were casted to study the factors affecting this behavior. The factors taking into con-sideration in this research were the thickness of concrete cover and time exposure to fire. The cover thicknesses taking in this research were 1.5 cm, 3.0 cm and 4.5 cm. Time exposures to fire taken into account in this research were 0, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes. The temperature inside the oven used was 650oC. The tested beams were exposed to direct flame for the test time, beams were left to cool gradually. The temperature inside the oven was raised till 650oC in 3 minutes and then the temperature was controlled at this temperature. The av-erage compressive strength after 28 days of the used reinforced concrete was 967.7 kg/cm2. The beams were tested after cooling. The beams were tested by applying two concentrated loads till failure. Deformations were measured each load increment. The measured deformations were deflection, strains along the mid span depth, cracks propagation, and crack widths. The results were illustrated in charts for load - deflection relationship, load maximum - tensile strains, load - maximum compressive strains. Deformation shapes and the modes of failures were presented. Conclusions according to the test results were drawn. Keywords: high strength concrete, fire, deformations, concrete cover, heating, time of exposure to fire.

367

Name: Anas Mohammed Abdurhman Alfakhri


Job title: Process Engineer


Paper title: Packinox Enhancement by chemical cleaning

Paper abstract:

Diesel hydrotreater unit at Riyadh Refinery fresh feed is preheated with Alfa Laval Packinox welded plate exchanger, Z97-E-0001 by using Reactor effluent (Z97-D-0001) as hot stream. The mixture picks-up heat from the stream leaving the reactor Z97-D-0001. Compressed recycle gas is routed to the recycle gas preheater Z97-E-0004 and then to the reactor feed / effluent exchanger Z97-E-0001 cold side, where it is mixed with the reactor feed. Since 2009 pressure drop at the effluent side of Packinox exchanger (Z97-E-0001) exceeded the design (1 bar) to 3.6 bar. Main cause of high pressure drop across the effluent is because the accumulation of small particles (iron sulfide, ceramic balls) that is partially obstructed effluent stream flow. Mechanical cleaning at 2014 conducted and results were not satisfactory. DHT packinox heat exchanger has been through chemical cleaning (neutralization, Decontamination by prodecon 88, permanganate treatment, acidic cleaning by sulfam-ic acid), during this clean fuel project shutdown as there is high differential pressure across the effluent side (3.6 bar). New idea had been implemented which is blow out by N2 for effluent side had been performed at different pressures (1.25, 1.7, 2.9 bar). Chemical cleaning by Aramco standard SAEP-1662 and effluent side blow out by N2 has resulted in significant pressure drop reduction of the effluent side (from 3.6 to 1.3 Kg/cm2). The high pressure of effluent side was a bottle neck at both Riyadh Refinery and Ras Tanura and now it is behind us. Lower pressure drop across the effluent side had increased uni throughput from 42 to 45 MBD and relaxed the recycle gas compressor suction and discharge pressure. It has been estimated that profit of 30,000 $/day has been gained from increasing charge rate from 42 to 45 MBD.

368

Name: AYMAN YOUSSEF




Paper title: Greening of Mission Critical Facilities: A Case Study of Communications Buildings in the Oil and Gas Industry

Paper abstract:

Mission critical facilities, such as communication buildings, support critical operations in the oil and gas industry, namely telephone, radio and IT network equipment that serve vital communication functions. To elim-inate or reduce any chance of costly business interruptions, communication building systems must run contin-uously all year round with code-specified redundancy in energy-intensive power, and cooling and air moving systems. Putting these special requirements together, communication buildings energy use intensities (EUI) have been, and will continue to be, of great concern when compared, for example, with the energy performance of office buildings. Some of the reasons of these concerns stem from the fact that the topic of minimum energy performance standards are fairly new for critical cooling equipment as well as the weather independent oper-ation of communication buildings. This paper explains how to transform of one of Saudi Aramco’s unmanned communication buildings into more energy-efficient green buildings on conventional budgets. Using ASHRAE level II energy audit procedures, the individual building loads, e.g., lighting, cooling, air distribution, water heat-ing, battery and IT equipment, have been calculated, along with building EUI baseline. Through a recommended bundle of no-cost, low-cost and economically feasible capital-cost energy conservation measures, a building EUI reduction target has been set. This paper shows that additional energy savings of 25% can be achieved in communication buildings without negative impact on reliability. The information provided in this paper is in-dispensable to those who are concerned with the topics of design, operation and energy efficiency of mission critical and essential operating facilities

369

Name: Shresth Kumar Yadav

Work place: Saudi Aramco Riyadh Refinery

Job title: Maintenance Engineer III


Paper title: Crude De-salter Water Pump Retrofit with Non-metallic Wear Parts

Paper abstract:

As an ongoing effort to improve centrifugal pump reliability and efficiency, Saudi Aramco Riyadh Refin-ery has developed a program that utilizes non-metallic materials as replacement wear components in place of commonly used metals (such as wear rings, throat bushing etc.). The use of non-metallic material can improve pump efficiency and reliability through utilization of reduced running clearances and low friction. Lower running clearances can reduce vibration and limit the repair cost in the event of a failure. These improvements could help to achieve lower maintenance cost, increased mean time between failure, and reduced equipment downtime. The centrifugal pump improvement would also result in reduced energy cost too. Developed program provides guidelines in selecting candidate pumps, procedures, material information needed to retrofit existing centrifugal pumps with high non-metallic composite materials. The program has identified suitable candidates at Riyadh Refinery Units. As a pilot project, Crude Unit De-salter water Pump (Z05-P3B) stationary wear rings were recent-ly upgraded to PEEK based WR-525 non-metallic material. For Z05-P3B metal wear rings, API 610 recommends minimum diametral clearance of 0.48 mm, however with use of non-metallic material clearance was reduced by 55% to 0.21 mm. As a result of this upgrade, there is a significant reduction of 52% in vibration levels from previous baseline (3.057 to 1.477 mm/sec rms). Also, there is a noticeable increase in pump hydraulic efficiency by 5% over design.

370

Name: منصور بن ناصر بن مزيد الحربي

Work place: SABIC/Hadeed

Job title: Chief Scientist


Paper title: The power of mathematical modelling toward the process and material performance optimization in steelmaking industry

Paper abstract:

This paper reviews the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models developed in-house over the last decay. The selected topics are focused on the process enhancement, including melting and the secondary treatment furnaces, Ladle-refining process, casting product cleanness enhancement, batch annealing furnace cycle evaluation, and rebar quenching process optimization. In this paper, the strength and the capabilities of the mathematical models to predict the process evolution were demonstrated. These models help to under-stand further the influence of the different operational parameters and gives the ability to examine and evaluate different process scenarios. This helps to optimize the process further and lead to valuable energy saving and process availability.

371

Name: محمد خالد مشبب السبيعي

Work place: ارامكوا السعودية

Job title: مهندس ميكانيكي


Paper title: Rotating Equipment Components’’ Interchangeability Program

Paper abstract:

As in most of the maintenance organizations worldwide, Riyadh Refinery Department “RRD” has de-veloped its reliability programs that compete the time and cost by arising new approaches in order to prevent/reduce the equipment downtime at the minimum cost of repair, which is aligned with Saudi Aramco’s Opera-tional Excellence Focus Areas “Reliability & Profitability”. One of these programs that was purely driven by Time & Cost effectiveness is the (Rotating Equipment’s Components Interchangeability Program). This program had been initiated to unify some of the rotating equipment’s’ components in an engineering calculated manner, with an ultimate goal of using the minimum spare parts to serve the maximum number of equipment. It worth to men-tion that the interchangeability program covers a lot of rotating equipment components. However, this paper had focused on two examples to be shared due to their high population & contribution to the equipment failures comparing to the other components.

372

Name: Mousa Rashed Dughaiman Alharbi




Paper title: Improving Safety through Proper Preventive Maintenance

Paper abstract:

The paper discusses the criticality of performing the proper PM to critical and non critical equipment. Performing PM is well known for its advantage of extending lives of critical equipment and the cost saving of increasing their efficiency. However, the paper will go over some examples to show how safety can be improved by conducting maintenance regularly.

373

Name: Yahya Bassam A.Fatah Rezeqalla

Work place: JORDAN-AMMAN

Job title: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER


Paper title: car safety system

Paper abstract:

A wireless system that detects the presence of a child in a safety seat located in the passenger cabin of vehicle includes controller responsive to signals generated by sensors monitoring predefined functions of the vehicle, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag device attached to the safety seat and RFID tag reader mount-ed in the cabin. The system generates control signals which activate an alarm, open the doors of the vehicle and roll down windows if the child is left in the safety seat of an unattenuated vehicle

374

Name: Emad El Sayed Ahmed Etman

Work place: Faculty of Engineering - Tanta University - Tanta - Egypt

Job title: Dean of the Faculty of Engineering/Professor of Concrete Structures


Paper title: Near Surface Mounted Strengthening of Slender Columns Subjected to Eccentric Loading

Paper abstract:

Strengthening of slender reinforced concrete columns have gained reasonable attention from research-ers. However, the eccentric loading still needs more work. This paper presents analytical and experimental pro-gram that aims to investigate the behavior of Reinforced Concrete, RC, slender columns under the effect of eccentric loads. Twenty seven RC slender columns are investigated in this paper. The columns were divided into three groups; a control group and two strengthened groups to cover two strengthening techniques. Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique using longitudinal steel bars is used in the second group, while in group 3 the NSM longitudinal steel bars is partially wrapped with one ply of carbon fibers reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets. The tested columns had an overall length of 2000 mm and a 100×200mm rectangular cross section. The test parameters included three ratios for the internal longitudinal steel bars “μ” and three stirrups’ volumetric ratio “ρv”. Analytical modeling of the stress strain relation of the strengthened RC columns considering the effect of strengthening technique, internal reinforcement ratio μ, and stirrups’ volumetric ratio “ρv” is proposed. The ultimate capacity of the strengthened columns is verified against Codes and Verification is made using available experimental data. The proposed model showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental results and the investigated codes.

375

Name: فراج عبدهللا سعيد الناهسي

Work place: MASCO

Job title: General Manager


Paper title: Project Management Office (PMO) as Change Tool for Achieving Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 and sustaining its Results

Paper abstract:

Abstract Nowadays, organizations face many challenges such as financial crisis, knowledge economy, competition from the Far East, pressure for higher productivity, social media and very well informed customers (Bititci, 2007). Such challenges force organizations to respond through organization change. However, organi-zational change is very challenging due to its magnitude and complexity which entail consumption of money and resources (Yu et al., 2010). Moreover, the frequency of organizational change programs has been increas-ing from one organizational change program every 10 years in 1980s to on average one organizational change program every three years in the twentieth century (Kilgallon and Lampe, 2007). Additionally, statistics suggest that 70% of organizational change projects fail to achieve their objectives (Kotnour, 2011).. The challenge facing enterprise executives is to find out how to plan, approach and sustain a transformation program that will improve the company’s competitive position and it is therefore necessary to build the public knowledge and increase the research on enterprise transformation management to improve the overall business environment. Practically, there is a need to understand how change is conceived by organisational actors, how change is configured, and what implications there are on an organisation’s ability to sustain organisational change. The research will provide a contribution to practice through identification of factors that help sustain organizational change. The research responded to (Van de Ven and Sun, 2011) call for reflection research instead of action research. They pointed out that the issue may not be about the organization change program itself, but about change agent’s conceptual models. They stated that reflection will help us understand sustaining organization change and help change agent(s) to better sustain results and reduce confusion. They indicated that further research should be done to understand lesson learned from case studies. Hence The researcher investigated two of the major Saudi companies that represent the economic pillars of the Saudi economy and draw some lesson learned that will help the Saudi Arabia achieve its vision 2030. The main finding of the research is the following: • change programs evolve through five phases (RP-EEE). Those are: • Recognition. • Planning. • Execution. • Embed\Sustain. • Excel. • There are four type of change namely • Teleology (Planned Change). • Dialectic (Conflictive Change). • Evolution (Competitive Change). • Life Cycle (Regulated Change). • For successful execution of the transformation, Project Management Office and Academy should be set up to address elven important factors that help achieve the results and sustain the skills. Those eleven factors are related to • Human Factors (through Academy) 1. Individual: commitment, competencies, expectations 2. Leadership: setting vision, values, purpose, goals, and challenges 3. Managerial: style, approach, preferences, behaviours 4. Cultural: shared beliefs, per-ceptions, norms, values, priorities 5. Emotional: emotions affecting response to change 6. Political: Stakehold-er, coalition power and influence • System Factors (through PMO) 7. Contextual: external conditions, stability, threats 8. Process: implementation, project management structures 9. Substance: nature and scale of change, fit with the organization 10. Temporal: timing, pacing, flow of events 11. Organizational: policies, mechanisms, procedures, systems, structures

376

Name: Yousef Alrasheedi & Hamad A. Al-Tuaimi & Hani K. Hajjar

Work place: Saudi Aramco/ Dhahran

Job title: Electrical Engineer I


Paper title: COMMISSIONING OF LOW CURRENT ARC FLASH (OPTICAL) DETECTION TECHNOLO-GY

Paper abstract:

An Arc detection system using an optical sensor technology was implemented at existing low voltage switchgears and respective motor control centers serving a petrochemical plant. A decision took place to install this technology at the low voltage equipment to validate its efficacy in protecting electrical workers. Both low and high voltage equipment lack the proper protection against low current arc flash faults. This paper will dis-cuss the effectiveness of optical sensors in detecting low current arc flash and isolating the associated circuit breaker in a timely manner.

377

Name: Dr.Mahmoud Sodangi & Dr.Walid Al-kutti & Eng.Bandar Al-farraj

Work place: Amec Foaster Wheeler And Partners Engineering Company

Job title: Graduate Construction Engineer


Paper title: Prioritization of the Public Works Contract Provisions Causing Dissatisfaction to Contractors

Paper abstract:

The Saudi Arabia’s Public Works Contract (PWC) is an old Standard Form of Contract that requires amendments. Provisions related to risk allocation, valuation of variations and other associated factors continue to cause dissatisfaction to contractors’ administration of public construction contracts. This paper embarked on identifying and prioritizing the contractual provisions of the PWC that cause dissatisfaction to contractors in the administration of infrastructure projects in the Kingdom. Severity analyses of the contractual provisions reveal site risks allocation, valuation of variations, subcontracting, security for advance payments, and final payment delays as the most critical challenges. This paper provides original contribution to knowledge by establishing a methodical investigation of the shortfalls of the PWC as they affect contractors in the procurement of public infrastructure in the Kingdom. Consequently, the current shortfalls of the PWC as they affect contractors were identified and viable recommendations were pointed out. In essence, the paper presents a pioneering attempt and methodology that highlighted the weaknesses of the Public Works Contract, which is the legal framework governing the contract for engaging construction companies to perform public infrastructure works in Saudi Ara-bia. The paper makes pioneering attempt to draw the attention of authorities and key stakeholders concerned to urgently consider some amendments to the Public Works Contract in order to improve the shortfalls identified in this paper. This could boost the confidence of foreign contractors and attract them to invest their capital and technical expertise in the Kingdom’s construction industry.

378

Name: Abdulaziz Saleh Ghormallah Alzahrani & Hesham Kamal Mohammed Alfares

Work place: Shaybah, Eastern Province

Job title: Organization Performance Advisor


Paper title: SCHEDULING HOMOGENEOUS WORKFORCE FOR MULTIPLE SECURITY GATES

Paper abstract:

This paper presents a manpower tour-scheduling approach that involves determining the manning re-quirements and optimum employee work schedules for several security gates. The two-stage approach is used to minimize the total labor cost of security personnel. In stage 1, manning requirements are determined based on the results of a manpower workload study at the company. In stage 2, an integer programming model is formu-lated to satisfy each gate’s staffing requirements during weekdays and weekends. The objective is to minimize the total labor cost of both Non-supervising and Supervising employees. The model proposed an alternative work schedule combination that resulted in annual savings of 24% in comparison to the schedule currently in use by the company.

379

Name: عبد النبى البيومى المتولى قابيل (المتحدث) و محمد عبد الجيد و يحى زكريا

Work place: كلية الهندسه جامعة طنطا

Job title: استاذ ووكيل كلية الهندسه للدراسات العليا والبحوث جامعة طنطا


Paper title: Performance evaluation of a solar energy assisted hybrid desiccant air conditioner integrated with HDH desalination system

Paper abstract:

In this study the performance of a solar energy assisted hybrid desiccant air conditioner integrated with humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system are numerically investigated. The hybrid system consists of desiccant wheel, cross flow plate heat exchanger, direct evaporative cooler, solar air collector, aux-iliary electrical air heater, and humidification–dehumidification water desalination system. The simulated results developed for subsystems are validated with the experimental results. The effects of regeneration air tempera-ture and flow rate on supply cooled air temperature, rate of distillate water productivity, cooling coefficient of per-formance and total daily coefficient of performance of proposed system are investigated numerically. The results show, for increases the regeneration air temperature from 75 to 95 oC, the rate of distillate water increases from 3.1752 L/h to 5.011 L/h, the supply air temperature decreases from 20.7 to 18.6 oC , the cooling COP cooling decreases from 1.687 to 1.06 and the daily COP overall daily decreases from 4.392 to 3.636. Also, for increase the regeneration air flow rate from 70 – 130 m3/h at the same regeneration temperature at 85 oC, the supply air temperature decreases from 20.6 to 18.4 oC, the rate of distillate water productivity increases from 2.988 to 4.78 L/h, the cooling COP cooling decreases from 1.897 to 1.03 and the daily COP overall daily decreases from 4.66 to 3.386.

380

Name: Osama Abdullah Jaber Alsaadoun


Job title: Senior Project Engineer


Paper title: Standardizing an Identity & Access Management Framework for Securing Industrial IoT & Con-trol Systems

Paper abstract:

Internet of Things (IoT) is a term that extends to modern forms of computing to cover a wide range of ma-chine-to-machine and human-to-machine applications, ranging from home appliances to enterprise systems that typically can connect to public networks such as the Internet. While IoT is expected to provide a technology revolution and great prospective in automation and advanced functionalities, its rapid development and mass deployments may pose a great security exposure for all its types of users. In this proposal, we intend to survey and highlight significant categories of security threats that may affect IoT users. We also intend to discuss spe-cific design factors that impact industrial IoT systems, including trust, user authentication, access authorization, and privacy. To provide a quantitative assessment of an IoT system’s security position, we eventually aim at proposing an Identity and Access Management (IdM) framework that can provide specific metrics of IoT security hardness. We also intend to cross-examine similar integration studies that aimed at using embedded computing to establish access control and identity management as a safeguard for e-Commerce applications against cyber attacks.

381

Name: ALI SAAD ALI ALRAJEH

Work place: FPC Middle East co. - Al Khobar

Job title: Fire Risk Engineer


Paper title: Impact of Envelope and HVAC System on Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia

Paper abstract:

Residential buildings are characterized by being envelope-load dominated buildings, hence are greatly influenced by the outside climatic conditions. Due to the harsh climate of Saudi Arabia, residential buildings on average, consume more than half of the total consumed energy. The present study aims to examine the ener-gy performance of a multi- story residential building in Saudi Arabia, by changing the settings of envelope and HVAC systems, keeping other parameters (orientation, illumination load, etc.) at their standard values. From the simulation result the best envelope and HVAC system were selected and their economic viability was studied. The results of the study enables to select the optimum alternative of envelope and HVAC system, to assist de-cision makers to reduce the energy consumption.

382

Name: Ibrahim Yousef Ibrahim Alkadi




Paper title: Transformer Lifecycle Management Program

Paper abstract:

This Presentation will describe the development, implementation and administration of the Saudi Aram-co management of power transformers program. The purpose of transformer life cycle management program is to allow proactive action of flagging end of life, expedite mitigations, monitor and report on the state of critical power transformers at all Saudi Aramco facilities. The goal is to reduce major transformer failures and ensure the continued availability of a safe and reliable power supply system. This procedure was initiated to monitor the condition of the company’s critical power transformers once a transformer reaches 20 years of age, major Preventive Maintenance finding(s), or following an electrical fault. A two-level criteria and scoring system are used to provide an objective assessment of the condition of existing critical power transformers. The transform-ers management criteria consist of two levels, which cover all transformer condition parameters. Criteria that are at or below the threshold value will be flagged. These measurements provide an in-depth indication of the condition of the critical power transformers. The Transformer condition assessment is considered the main input required to develop the business case justification for transformer(s) upgrade or replacement projects. This pre-sentation will go over the development and the details of the assessment mechanism (Criteria’s), Saudi Aramco strategy in implementing such program, and the result of some of the pilot assessments that were completed inside the company facilities.

383

Name معوض بن مقبل بن جلوي الجهني Work place: YanbuJob title: Project Engineer Email address: [email protected] Paper title: Project governance ‐ Performance measurement and management (scope,(cost and schedule

Paper abstract:

Success for any project highly depends upon the effectiveness of project governance. This is the man-agement framework within which key project key decisions are made. Therefore, the role of project governance is to provide a decision making framework that is logical and robust and can manage an organization’s capital investments. In this way, an organization will have a structured approach to drive projects to achieve corporate goals. This process includes project performance measurement (KPIs) and management. 1. Project performance measurement (KPIs): Key performance indicators (KPIs) in project management consist of various specific mea-surement techniques for indicating how well teams are achieving project specific goals. Project management KPIs are generally agreed upon early in the project to achieve the best positive results. 2. Project performance management: This is a critical factor in optimizing project performance. It is defined as the “standard of manage-ment” by which a project’s efficiency, progress, performance, productivity and quality of deliverables is assessed and managed. This also sets forward the direction of the project so that it attains the expected result. Delivering a project to address all requirements (scope), budget allocated (cost), within the time frame promised (schedule) are fundamental challenges for any project. A well-established project governance structure will ensure these three critical parameters of a project are achieved. Additionally, a governance framework is not “one-sizefits-all.” Project governance provides a single point of accountability which, mandates clarity and consistency of decision making for the entire life cycle of the project.

384

Name: Bader Mohammed Ibrahim AlJarallah




Paper title: Produce Quality Valves in Kingdom, A Case Study

Paper abstract:

Nowadays more and more Oil and Gas producing countries are introducing Local Content Rules LCR aiming to create local jobs, enhance the local economy and transfer technologies. In response to these regula-tions and to meet the set targets, Operators such as Saudi Aramco are encouraging vendors and contractors to deploy some kind of local contents activates. In principle local content is based on shared values and is a win-win situation however there are difficulties and challenges associated with the actual deployment. This paper is a case study which summarizes Saudi Aramco experience in providing the engineering support to valve manu-facturers to overcome these challenges and produce quality valves in kingdom

385

Name: عبدالعزيز سعدعبدالعزيزبوسودة

Work place: شركة ارامكو السعودية

Job title: مهندس صيانه


Paper title: SALES GAS COMPRESSOR COUPLING REPLACEMENT

Paper abstract:

This report provides in details the field activates for replacing the complete coupling assembly between the Motor and the Gearbox for Sales Gas Compressor K-002A in order to resolve the motor inboard high vibra-tion. HGP Reliability and Consulting Service Department CSD have worked jointly to analyze the vibration data and recommended to verify the alignment in the field and balance the motor coupling complete assembly.

386

Name: Samir M. Al Shariff

Work place: Taibah University

Job title: Assistant Prof


Paper title: Solar Geeks Website

Paper abstract:

Saudi Arabia is planning to introduce renewable energy as part of the Kingdom’s energy mix to reduce the demand on exportable hydrocarbons, which declared clearly in KSA vision 2030. However, there is a gap between solar power science and people of Saudi Arabia, which is a big obstacle. Therefore, it is very important to educate people about solar power and its relation to our daily life to support that vision. This paper is going to demonstrate how to reduce the gap between the people and solar systems which will result in solar systems spread in Saudi Arabia through a tool that is used by adults and children at the same time. So, solar geeks web-site are the first solar website that calculate solar power, solar panels and total cost in easy and straightforward way in Saudi Arabia made by solar geeks team - in NASA space Apps challenge 2017. The website contains the following: First, solar adviser, which is a calculator for solar power and panels by interactive website with the user where the user enters his house electrical equipment and the calculator prompt the total power needed, number of solar panels, total cost and return of investment. Second, solar power calculator by area, which is a very fast method to get the same results but less accurate than consumption calculator. After that, about solar, which is a section that explains what is solar panels and its power in a very attractive motion graphics video and para-graphs about solar. Finally, request an offer section, which comes after the calculation section where the user can get an offer from locally existent stores in Saudi Arabia through his email. In the other hand, this website has a strong business model that enable and connect the people to local solar shops with a very fast way and getting a commission for that. In addition to the website advertisements. Therefore, solar geeks are not just a solution for the problem it is a business opportunity.

387

Name: عماد عثمان مصطفى محمد أحمد

Work place: كلية الهندسة - جامعة األزهر

Job title: مدرس بقسم التخطيط العمراني


Paper title: المدينة الذكية واالستدامة البيئية...التقابل اللفظي والترادف العمراني

Paper abstract:

فــي أواخــر القــرن الماضــي ظهــر مفهــوم اإلســتدامة كــرد فعــل مباشــر للتــردي البيئــي الــذي لحــق بجميــع نواحــي الحيــاة وكافــة قطاعاتهــا وعلــى مختلــف مســتوياتها التنمويــة وخاصــة فــي المــدن والمناطــق الحضريــة ، وأصبــح لفــظ اإلســتدامة عندمــا يضــاف إلــى العديــد مــن المفــردات يضفــي عليهــا بعــدا بيئيــا يرفــع مــن جودتهــا ويحســن مــن ســمعتها ويــؤدي إلــى اســتدامتها، ومــن ثــم صنفــت جميــع األنشــطة الحضريــة اإلقتصاديــة واإلجتماعيــة والعمرانيــة وفقــا لذلــك إلــى أنشــطة مســتدامة وغيــر مســتدامة ، وأصبحــت األولــى هــي الوجــه الجيــد المرجــو تحقيقــة والوصــول إليــه وأصبحــت الثانيــة هــي الوجــه القبيــح والغيــر مرغــوب فيــه والمرجــو االبتعــاد عنــه. وبمــا أن المدينــة هــي الوعــاء الحــاوي لجميــع التفاعــالت الحضريــة ، وعمرانهــا هــو اإلنــاء الحاضــن لجميــع الوظائــف واألنشــطة الســكنية واإلقتصاديــة والخدميــة وشــوارعها هــي األوعيــة الناقلــة والتــي تتحــرك فيهــا كافــة وســائل النقــل والمواصــالت ، وبالتالــي فــإن تحقيــق اإلســتدامة فــي كل عنصــر مــن هــذه العناصــر مــن إســكان وخدمــات وأنشــطة اقتصاديــة ووســائل نقــل ومواصــالت ســيؤدي إلــى خلــق مــدن مســتدامة ومــن ثــم تكــون هــذه المــدن المســتدامة هــي الوســيلة المثلــى لتحقــق الهــدف األســمى والغايــة العظمــى أال وهــي اإلســتدامة البيئيــة. ولكــن تكمــن إشــكالية البحــث فــي ترجمــة هــذه المفهــوم النظــري أال وهــو »االســتدامة« إلــى أنشــطة اقتصاديــة تمــارس وخدمــات تــؤدى ووواقــع عمرانــي معــاش ، وذلــك ليــس مــن خــالل التخلــي عــن جميــع المظاهــر الحضريــة التــي تتناقــض مــع مفهــوم االســتدامة والرجــوع إلــى البيئــة بشــكل مفــرط فــي البدائيــة والقــدم ، ولكــن مــن خــالل اســتغالل التكنولوجيــا الحديثــة فــي تحقيــق مبــادئ االســتدامة بشــكل يجمــع بيــن االســتدامة البيئيــة والمعاصــرة الزمنيــة فــي نمــوذج عمرانــي فريــد. ومــن ثــم يتبــع البحــث عــدة منهجيــات فــي صياغــة أجــزاؤه ، فبدايــة مــن المنهــج االســتقرائي للتعــرف علــى البدايــات التاريخيــة والمفاهيــم النظريــة الخاصــة باالســتدامة والمــدن الذكيــة، مــرورا بالمنهــج التحليلــي للوقــوف علــى معاييــر االســتدامة وخصائــص المــدن الذكيــة ، انتهــاءا بالمنهــج المقــارن مــن خــالل مقابلــة عناصــر وخصائــص كال المصطلحيــن للتعــرف علــى مــدى تحقيــق األخيــره لمتطلبــات ومعاييــر التنميــة المســتدامة وتحويلهــا مــن فكــر نظــري إلــى واقــع عمرانــي. وقــد انتهــى البحــث إلــى أن المــدن الذكيــة هــي أحــد أكثــر الســبل تلبيــة لمتطبــات التنميــة المســتدامة وأحــد أقصــر الطــرق المؤديــة إلــى تحقيــق االســتدامة البيئيــة بــل وتعــد مــن أنســب وســائل التحــول إلــى االســتدامة مــن حيــث المعاصــرة الزمنيــة وخاصــة ونحــن نعيــش أزهــى عصــور الثــورة المعلوماتيــة. كمــا خلــص البحــث إلــى أن التحــول مــن المــدن التقليديــة إلــى المــدن المســتدامة ســواء كان فــي صورتهــا الذكيــة أو أي صــورة أخــرى لــم يصبــح ترفــا زائــدا ولكــن أصبــح ضــرورة ملحــة يجــب الســعي

إليهــا قبــل أن يوقــف التلــوث البيئــي مدننــا عــن الحــراك.

388

Name: anas elsayed saleh ismail

Work place: 3D printing world

Job title: CEO


Paper title: 3D printing: A new manufacture era

Paper abstract:

Additive manufacturing is the newest technology of manufacturing by adding layers of manufactured material to each other to form the needed product. Although the technology is known for two decades [1] and is used in prototyping industry from an extended period but it is still a new technology for end products activity. Additive manufacture main advantage is it can manufacture complex parts, customize the products easily, re-duce the material used to minimum, but it has although disadvantages and limitation from the limited volume of products, the type of material used in manufacture, also the relatively higher price for machinery cost. From point of view of decision maker does the additive manufacture reduce the production cost than the regular ways and to which industry? At this paper, we will make a comparison between the cost price of additive manufactured product and a traditional way manufactured product in three products with different industries. To verify the re-duction of cost in these products and fields using the additive manufacturing

389

Name: السيد عبد العظيم يوسف العجوز

Work place: قسم هندسة القوى الميكانيكية ـ كلية الهندسة ـ جامعة طنطا

Job title: أستاذ هندسة الطاقة ورئيس قسم هندسة القوى الميكانيكية ـ كلية الهندسة ـ جامعة طنطا


Paper title: Experimental and exergy efficiency of a conventional solar still with Fresnel lens and energy storage material

Paper abstract:

This paper presents the experimental and exergy analysis of a modified solar still with convex lenses on glass cover, to collect the solar radiation at the focus on surface water. A comparative analysis on theperfor-mance and yield from modified solar still with convex lenses and conventional solar still were carried out under the same climate conditions. The effect of modification in the solar still using convex lenses with and without black stone on the fresh water yield is experimentally investigated. Results indicated that the lenses focus the solar intensity to the water inside the basin in order to increase the temperature difference between the water and glass (Tw–Tg). The productivity of the modified still with the convex lenses is higher than that for conven-tional still approximately by 26.64%, while 35.55 % with convex lenses and black stone at mass water 30 kg. In addition, the maximum productivity of the modified still with convex lenses and blue stone is 51.85% at mass water 20 kg. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH of saltwater desalination are 22 mg/l and 8.08.

390

Name: Hesham Ismail Khalifa Ismail

Work place: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL)

Job title: Application Engineer - Protection


Paper title: High-Current Qualification Testing of an Arc-Flash Detection System

Paper abstract:

Arc-flash detection (AFD) systems provide a cost effective way to reduce arc-flash energy by providing fast tripping after the onset of an arc-flash event. In order to demonstrate that an AFD system will work correctly under actual arc-flash conditions, a qualification test methodology is needed. Low-level signal (bench) testing provides an economical and safe starting point for testing the proper operation of an AFD system. However, low-level signal testing does not prove that the system will operate in actual arc-fault conditions. Complete qualification testing requires that actual arc-fault conditions be created using fault current, system voltages, and conductor gaps that are comparable to the intended operating environment of the AFD system. Qualification testing of a new AFD system was performed at a high-current test laboratory. This test program demonstrated the reliability and tripping speed of the AFD system at various combinations of fault current, system voltage, conductor gap, and AFD sensor placement. The test results show the performance of the system when the AFD sensors are engulfed by the arc blast, as well as the performance of the system when a self-test is performed during an arc-flash event. This paper provides test methods and results from the high-current qualification testing of the AFD system, thus demonstrating that the system provides AFD and tripping within the specified operating conditions.

391

Name: Salah Ali Yousef Alali

Work place: Sauid Arbain Oil Company

Job title: Engieering Specialist


Paper title: Using Preserved and Abandoned Large Synchronous Motors to perform Power Factor Correction for Utilities Penalty Avoidance

Paper abstract:

As known, majority of industrial loads are electric motors. Most of these motors are induction type (in-ductive loads in nature) and consume reactive power. Hence, they have a lagging Power Factor (PF), which make majority of industrial facilities with low PF. With the new utilities regulation of having high PF, this will be a challenge for industrial plants. Therefore, it is anticipated for majority of Petrochemical/Oil Companies to pay reactive power charges, unless they adopt a PF correction mechanism. Moreover, Petrochemical/Oil Companies are also facing another challenge which is the preservation of their large spare electric motors. It is a challenge as majority of Petrochemical/Oil Plants assures no production loss by keeping spare motors for critical process. These motors in some cases are not preserved under the owner companies duties (usually in a third party yard) and defiantly need a complicated preservation plan to keep them ready for any emergency. So, to avoid the mentioned PF penalty without major expenditure and at the same time having the preserved spare motors ready whenever they are needed; one can think of converting these motors to synchronous condensers. This will al-low for generating Reactive Power, to correct the lagging PF, and at the same time keeping the motor at good condition without any mechanical load. In this paper we will present a case study of converting a 20 MW Syn-chronous motor that is currently preserved at Saudi Aramco. The study identified all technical requirements for such conversion, as well as analyzing the operational and economical figures. Also, in this paper we will present a visibility study to support our proposal

392

Name: Rami Bamagain


Job title: Engineer


Paper title: Enhancing CO2 Simultaneous Utilization & Sequestration in cementitious Products

Paper abstract:

Even in his wildest dreams, Joseph Aspdin, the recipient of the first patent on Portland cement in 1824, would never have anticipated that his product would become the world’s most widely used construction ma-terial. Despite the usefulness of Portland cement, its production process generates approximately 58 MM tons of CO2, which represents around 11% of the total emitted CO2 in Saudi Arabia. Several approaches are being proposed to curtail these emissions, among them is the enhancement of the carbonation process within ce-mentitious materials, such as precast and ready mix concrete. In this research study, the effect of carbonation process on local cementitious mixtures was investigated under different curing processes. Utilizing CO2 as a curing medium has improved the mechanical strength, which is attributed to carbonation process enhancement. The carbonation was also evident from measuring the permanently sequestered CO2 in these mixtures by TGA. Adapting the identified curing process within the Saudi Arabian precast industry would annually diminish Saudi Arabia’s CO2 emissions by up to 3.0 million tons.

393





Paper title: Analysing the severity of traffic crashes in Riyadh city using statistical models

Paper abstract:

Traffic crashes in Riyadh city cause losses in the form of deaths, injuries and property damages, in ad-dition to the pain and social tragedy affecting families of the victims. Road safety in Riyadh city may have been adversely affected by: high car ownership, migration of people to Riyadh city, high daily trips reached about 7 million, high rate of income, low-cost of petrol, drivers from different nationalities, young drivers and tremen-dous growth in population, which creates a high level of mobility, and transport activities in the city. The primary objective of this paper is therefore to explore factors affecting the severity of road crashes in Riyadh city using appropriate statistical models aiming to establish effective safety policies ready to be implemented to reduce the severity of road crashes in Riyadh city. Crash data for Riyadh city were collected from the Higher Commission for the Development of Riyadh (HCDR) for a period of five years from 1425H to 1429H (roughly corresponding to 2004-2008). Crash data were classified into three categories: fatal, serious-injury and slight-injury. Two nominal response models have been developed: a standard multinomial logit model (MNL) and a mixed logit model to injury-related crash data. Due to a severe underreporting problem on the slight injury crashes, binary and mixed binary logistic regression models were also estimated for two categories of severity: fatal and serious crashes. Ward-level (Hai) crash data are disaggregated by severity of the crash (such as fatal and serious injury crashes). The results from both multinomial and binary response models are found to be fairly consistent but the results from the random parameters model seem more reasonable. Age and nationality of the driver, excessive speed, wet road surface and dark lighting conditions and single vehicle crashes are associated with increased probabil-ity of fatal crashes. More specifically, the probability of having a fatal crash increases with the age of the driver and Saudi drivers (relative to non-Saudi drivers) are associated with the probability of fatal crashes (relative to serious injury crashes). A crash involving a single vehicle is found to be more severe than a crash involving a multiple vehicles. Based on the findings, ranges of countermeasures are proposed to reduce the severity of traf-fic crashes in Riyadh city. KEYWORDS: Riyadh city, Crash severity, Multinomial logit model, mixed logic model, Binary logistic regression, Riyadh city.

394

Name: Ahmad Omar Ahmad AL-Amoudi

Work place: PetroRabigh

Job title: Specialist Engineer, Maintenance Departmnet


Paper title: Steam Turbine “Stress Corrosion Cracking” Failure Analysis

Paper abstract:

The objective of this paper is to present a real case study of a failure of a steam turbine resulting from stress corrosion cracking (SCC). On the June 21st 2016, the steam turbine (R340-ST-0600) driving the Propyl-ene Refrigerant Compressor tripped on high-High Vibration. The initial assessment of the vibration symptoms indicated that the high vibration was attributed to high rotor unbalance. The steam Turbine was properly isolated and the top casing cover was removed to facilitate inspection of the internals of the turbine. Major Damage was found on the 4th Stage disc of the turbine rotor. Nine (9) blades and their respective outer shrouds were torn off completely from the rotor and a total of 23 cracks were found at various locations, in the vicinity of the blade roots. Additionally, one crack was found on the 5th stage disc of the rotor during the subsequent NDT inspec-tion. A team was appointed to conduct a detail investigation utilizing all the available resources. All facts, relevant data and evidence were collected and analyzed. Additionally, the manufacturer of the Steam Turbine, technical material expert and high reputable material laboratories were consulted. The team concluded that Stress Corro-sion Cracking is the main cause of the failure due to the presence of an alkaline environment and inherent stress. Stress Corrosion Cracking is the cracking induced from the combined influence of the tensile stress (which could be as low as 20% of the Yield Stress) and a corrosive environment. In this specific case, the blade roots of the rotor disc are fitted with a ‘Fire-Tree’ configuration. The rotor disc fire-tree configuration is subject to domi-nant tensile loading by centrifugal forces during rotation. This resulted in relatively higher local stress in the disc rim attachment, while the corrosive environment was the result of process upset and carryover of sodium and other impurities contained in the steam resulting from operating the steam drum at levels higher than the design. The detrimental effect of such sodium attack was not realized as a potential risk during the normal unit opera-tion. Consequently this was not addressed as major risk either in the HZOP study or the unit Standard Operation Procedure (SOP). The failure analysis team concluded that the process protection set up is less than adequate for such risk mitigation. A total of 5 causal factor were identified and 38 recommendation were generated. The team also identified 11 opportunities for improvement. This paper is prepared to share technical experience with similar industries.

395

Name: Muhammad Shoaib

Work place: University of Engineering and Technology Lahore



Paper title: A TECHNIQUE FOR CONCEPTUAL BASED QUERY EXPANSION USING DOMAIN SPECIF-IC ONTOLOGY FOR BIG DATA

Paper abstract:

ABSTRACT: The repository of information on www is increasing day by day. Retrieval of relevant infor-mation from this repository is a research question. Natural language is used to query the retrieval of information. Short nature and ambiguous queries are causing problem in retrieval of relevant information. A conceptual based query expansion technique using domain specific ontology has been proposed in this paper. An application is developed using java framework which expands the query on the basis of semantic term extracted from ontolo-gies. The results are verified by calculating overall average precision for queries before and after applying query expansion. The precision is 48 and 90 respectively which shows that proposed technique has performed much better than the existing techniques. Further research can be carried out to accommodate multi domain corpus independent general ontologies.

396

Name: Tarek Mohamed Mohamed Hegazi

Work place: University of Waterloo, Canada



Paper title: Agent-based Simulation Model for Assessing Construction Site Productivity

Paper abstract:

Construction sites are dynamic and confined spaces in which resources and objects interact with each other in complex tempo-spatial manners that directly affect productivity and safety. Without considering the number of equipment and workers on site and their movement around work locations and obstacles on site, collisions can occur and can lead to productivity loss and higher accident potential. This paper first compares the two common construction simulation modeling approaches: Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) and Agent-based Simulation (ABS). Afterwards, agent-based simulation is introduced as a suitable micro-level analysis tool for modeling the interactions on site. An ABS model has been developed using the NetLogo modeling tool to model a construction site of a hypothetical case study that involves variety of site obstacles, temporary facilities, and different types of workers. The results show that the agents in the model accurately mimic actual workers’ behavior in selecting their movement paths around work locations. Using the simulation model, the effect of site obstacles on work progress and duration was accurately determined. The results show that the model is a valu-able tool for analyzing and assessing the effect of workers’ behaviors on productivity and safety. Accordingly, suggestions for improving construction productivity and reducing the potential for accidents and injuries can be designed.

397

Name: Shafiq Ur Rehman

Work place: Sir Syed UET Pakistan Karachi

Job title: Lecturer


Paper title: The Pakistan Hybrid Alternative Energy Resources Deliver Expedient

Paper abstract:

In Pakistan 70 percent people live in villages and they are facing load shedding problems and energy cri-ses issues. Pakistan is in the midst of one of the worst energy crises in its history. This is both slowing the pace of economic activity and causing public unrest with prolonged outages of electricity and gas. Capacity utilization in some key industries has fallen to nearly 50 percent. Energy is essential for running machinery in industrial facili-ties, industrial devices, lightening the cities and running the system of transport. To tackle the short fall of energy crises the country educational institutions along with positive policies framed by the government are thinking of alternative energy sources to meet the requirements. Researchers and engineers are working day and night to find out different easy way to generate electric power in the country which is not only cheap but easy to access. Consequently by this bundle we can make our home or area independent for delivering power. From this we can use the vitality which are delectably accessible in Pakistan particularly in town and immature ranges of Pakistan. It will give the office of power in immature territories who can’t manage the cost of the power of government. The fundamental maxim of our paper is to serve mankind .from this bundle we pitch it to various organizations about the 50 percent of our salary is filled in as the free ranch of this bundle to the immature regions and towns of Pakistan.

398

Name: Usman Ali

Work place: Department of Chemical Engineering, Univeristy of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Paki-stan



Paper title: Process System Analysis of Integration of Coal, Oil and Natural Gas –Fired Power Plants with CO2 Capture Plant and CO2 Compression Unit

Paper abstract:

With the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, there is an increase in the research and efforts to make the most carbon intensive part, fossil-fuelled power plants as a carbon neutral entity. CO2 being the major contributor towards greenhouse gas emissions result in worsening effect on the global warming and climate change. Of the various possibilities under discussion including, replacing carbon intensity with lower one; im-proving the fuel consumptions and generation efficiency of the fossil-fuelled power plants; altering the present power generation technologies and/or creating alternative options; innovative power generation technologies replacing hydrocarbons with the renewables and nuclear; and implementing cost-effective, energy extensive and innovation carbon capture technologies. However, fossil-fuelled power plants are still sharing the major portion in the power generation sector and thus contributing intensely towards the carbon dioxide emissions re-sulting in greenhouse gas effect and climate change. Coal, oil and natural gas as fuel in power generation sector varies in consumption around the globe. Coal is a major fuel for power generation in United States, China, Russia and India while natural gas in Europe. However, oil is still a major fuel for the power generation in the Middle East region including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although, the contribution of CO2 emissions to the environment is less when the coal is replaced by the natural gas. Post-combustion carbon capture using liquid solvents is the most promising technology which is well-understand and developed process. Comparison of the application of the post-combustion carbon capture to the fossil-fuelled power plant using process modelling and simulation. For the present study, the process simulation of fossil-fuelled power plant with amine-based post combustion CO2 capture have been performed using Aspen Plus and Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM). The process performance analysis for the coal, oil and natural gas -fired power plants with amine-based CO2 cap-ture is investigated to have a comparative potential of different fuels, their contribution towards CO2 emissions and their potential for CO2 capture. The monoethanolamine (MEA) of 30 wt. % strength is implemented as a solvent to capture 90 % of the CO2 from the flue gas of the coal, oil and natural gas -fired power plants and performance results are compared. Further, the purified and condensed CO2 stream is compressed through a train of CO2 compressors to attain the final pressure of 153 bar for supercritical dense phase CO2 stream for the CO2 storage. Further, various recommendations have been proposed to make the post-combustion CO2 cap-ture process as an energy extensive process by mass and heat integration between power plant, CO2 capture plant and CO2 compression unit. Furthermore, various suggestions have been proposed for mass and heat inte-gration between refrigeration and desalination plants, if they are an integral part of the power island. Integration of CO2 capture plant to the present fleet of the fossil-fuelled power plants and to the new fossil-fuelled power plants is also discussed. Thus, making fossil-fuelled power generation system as a competitive option to the renewables and making them as an acceptable and effective option in power generation sector.

399

Name: amr Hussein Hussein abdullah -- عمرو حسين حسين عبدهللا (اللذى سيلقى البحث) & محمود أحمد عطية على & هاجر شوقى فوده

Work place: قسم هندسة االلكترونيات واالتصاالت الكهربية كلية الهندسة جامعة طنطا

Job title: مدرس


Paper title: Performance Enhancement of GLRT-based Spectrum Sensing Technique Using Antenna Array

Paper abstract:

Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the most important issues of wireless communication fields to efficiently utilize the available crowded spectrum. Spectrum sensing is the key technology of CR which has been devel-oped to detect the absence/ presence of the primary user (PU). In this paper, the cognitive receiver is assisted by an antenna array that combines the received signal in an appropriate manner. After combining, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is significantly increased in proportional to the antenna array gain which in turn improves the primary user detection performance. The test statistic is performed to represent the power spectral density (PSD) of the combined signal in the framework of generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) approach. For a few samples, simulation results revealed that the proposed technique outperforms the other existing techniques particularly for low SNR regime. In addition, the average sensing time is effectively reduced and it is relatively fixed as the number of antenna elements increases rather than the other techniques.

400

Name: مازن محمد منصور آل عضيد

Work place: شركة المياه الوطنية

Job title: مهندس غرفة تحكم


Paper title: غرفة التحكم المركزية بشركة المياه الوطنية

Paper abstract:

ورقــة عمــل لوصــف غرفــة التحكــم المركزيــة التابعــة لتشــغيل شــبكة الميــاه بمدينــة الريــاض . - دور الغرفــة ضمــن كيــان شــركة الميــاه - األنظمــة و البرامــج المســتخدمة - إدارة الطــوارئ و األزمــات - الرؤيــة المســتقبلية

401

Name: حمود بن عواض بن حمود السالمي

Work place: شركة آد للهندسة

Job title: الرئيس


Paper title: تقليص الفجوة بين النظرية والتطبيق في إدارة المشروعات

Paper abstract:

ســتتحدث هــذه الورقــة عــن الــدور الــذي يقــوم بــه مالــك المشــروع ، والمقــاول الرئيــس فــي المشــاريع الهندســة ، إذ أن المقــاول يقــوم بتنفيــذ العمــل فــي مواقــع بعيــدة عــن مالــك المشــروع ، ويســتعين فــي ذلــك بمورديــن متعدديــن ومقاوليــن مــن الباطــن ، ومــن أهــم مــا يحتــاج إليــه المقــاول الرئيــس إدارة العالقــات بينــه وبيــن المالــك مــن جهــة ، ومــع المورديــن والمقاوليــن مــن الباطــن فــي مثــل هــذه المشــاريع مــن جهــة أخــرى ؛ ألن العمــل يعتمــد عليهــم بدرجــة كبيــرة. ومــع ذلــك ، فــإن العــدد الكبيــر مــن المشــروعات المتعثــرة يشــير إلــى خلــل فــي إدارة العالقــة بيــن كل هــؤالء. وتهــدف هــذه الورقــة إلــى ســبر األســباب التــي تــؤدي إلــى هــذه الواقــع. وســيتم جمــع بعــض البيانــات مــن المهنييــن المشــاركين فــي المشــاريع الكبيــرة ، كمــا ســيتم النظــر فــي العالقــة بيــن مختلــف المورديــن أو المقاوليــن مــن الباطــن ، وكيــف أن ذلــك قــد يؤثــر علــى نتائــج المشــروع. وســنقوم بتحليــل البيانــات التــي يتــم جمعهــا ، ثــم تحديــد العوامــل الحاســمة التــي تؤثــر أيجابــا أو ســلبا علــى إدراة المشــروع بطريقــة مهنيــة ممــا يؤثــر علــى نجــاح المشــروع إلــى إلــى أقصــى حــد ممكــن ، وسنشــير إلــى النتائــج الرئيســية التــي يســتطيع بهــا المقاولــون الرئيســيون إدارة العالقــات

بيــن المورديــن أو مقاولــي الباطــن مــن أجــل نتائــج أفضــل.

402

Name: NAIF ABDULAZIZ ABDULLATIF ALDAAFAS

Work place: SAUDI ARAMCO

Job title: ENGINEER


Paper title: National Mission critical Radio network

Paper abstract:

Mission critical Radio networks provide secure, highly available and reliable radio communications for both public safety and industrial sectors. It is available during daily operations, and more importantly during emergency and disaster circumstances. This paper addresses the need for a unified Kingdom-wide national Mission critical Radio network and highlight foreseeable cost savings, Radio spectrum resources optimization, and multi-agency communication while maintaining highest security level compared with private overlapping radio network. This is in line with Kingdom 2030 vision for efficient spending and utilization of shared services among government agencies and industrial sector.

403

Name: أيمن عبدالرحمن راضي الرحيلي

Work place: جامعة أم القرى



Paper title: Security Considerations and Solutions in Cloud Systems: Light Weight Crypto

Paper abstract:

The cloud computing system is becoming very popular in the last decade. It is among the largest scale distributed systems nowadays that provide many useful services at the individuals and organizations levels. Moreover, there is another recent computing paradigm (Mobile Cloud Computing) that resulted from utilizing cloud services through mobile devices including smart phones. The mobile cloud computing introduces the wide usage of smart mobile devices with many daily applications. Adding to that, there is a rapid advances and adoption on many technologies with the cloud environment such as Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Sys-tems, Wireless sensors, and many others. This adoption and integration brings up very important issues to be considered including data storage and data analysis. In addition to that, there is a vital consideration which is the security of all these huge amounts of data. It is believed that Symmetric key and Asymmetric key encryption algorithms are used to provide high level of security to protect data on computing environment. In the cloud computing environments, there are many technologies adopted that have limited storage and processing ca-pabilities. For example, the mobile smart devices, the wireless sensors, FPGA-based devices, and many others suffer from area and CPU constraints. The Symmetric key and Asymmetric key encryption algorithms imple-mentations involve complex mathematical operations that impose high processing and storage requirements which make it not the perfect solution to provide security in cloud computing environment. Here comes provide security in cloud computing environment. Here comes the trade off between security and performance, which is claimed to be solved by using Lightweight Cryptography (LWC). Lightweight crypto is becoming a very popular topic motivated by the need for security algorithms that can be executed on resource-constrained devices with lowest computations possible. Examples of these limited capabilities devices are: smart grid, cloud computing environments, sensors in wireless sensor networks, distributed management and control systems, RFID-based devices, and cyber-physical systems. In all of the above mentioned examples, security of the transmitted/stored information can be a very critical and challenging task since most of the current encryption algorithms (espe-cially the asymmetric) involve complex computations that require huge processing power. In this research, we will discuss many topics related to lightweight crypto. What is lightweight crypto is all about is how to provide high level of security using only a small computing power? Many solutions were proposed suggesting engineer-ing the current cryptographic algorithms to fit the highly constrained environments. They proposed lightweight streamciphers, blockciphers, hashfunction and recently one- pass authenticated encryption, but there is no standardization of lightweight primitives yet. Moreover, in this research, we introduce the lightweight cryptog-raphy in more depth and how it can be used to provide security and privacy for cloud computing systems, and the motivation behind the increasing demand for such type of ciphers. Also, we address important issues related to lightweight cryptography and the requirements and characteristics of real-world applications of lightweight cryptography. Moreover, we present existing Software and Hardware implementations of current lightweight symmetric key encryption, asymmetric key encryption, and hash functions algorithms.

404

Name: Mohammad Abdullah Hussien Mahmoud




Paper title: Non Industrial Buildings Energy Audit Procedures and Next Steps

Paper abstract:

The main objective from the energy audit in nonindustrial (residential or nonresidential) buildings is to identify existing system’s deficiencies and propose viable, cost effective solutions known as ECM’s “Energy Conservation Measures” to improve the energy efficiency without compromising occupants comfort level. In the nonresidential buildings (e.g. offices, hospitals, governmental facilities, shopping malls ...etc.); ASHRAE “Ameri-can Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineers” have proposed three levels of energy audits (LEVEL “I”: basic or walking through audit with brief investigation of the facility and identification of potential ECM’s, LEVEL “II”: more detailed energy audit, it looks at all base building systems and examines its energy use, this level is sufficient for most buildings/measures and LEVEL “III” most detailed audit, it will provide a granular analysis of energy inputs and outputs in the facility. Similarly, the major reference for energy audits in residential buildings (e.g. houses, three stories apartment buildings and below) is RESNET “Residential Energy Service Network”, this reference provides certain requirements when conducting residential energy audits. The final product from the audit is the energy audit report which describes existing condition of the building and provide a list of ECM’s to improve the energy efficiency based on building’s actual needs. Energy Audit, Next Steps: In the nonresidential buildings the recommended ECM’s can be implemented directly by the building owner using his own resources or by signing an EPC “Energy Performance Contract” with ESCO “Energy Service Company”. The (ESCO) brings its technical know-how to provide a comprehensive bundle of energy, water operational efficien-cy and renewable/ distributed energy generation measures. The ESCO assumes performance risk for project in the form of a long-term contractual guarantee to ensure volumetric energy savings are realized and maintained over time; The energy and cost savings produced by the project need to be sufficient to cover all project costs (including financing, if any) in a defined payback period. Unlike the nonresidential buildings the EPC is not appli-cable in the residential buildings, the ECM’s can be implemented directly by the home owner.

405

Name: Fahad Abdulaziz Al-Khaldi & Abdulaziz Fahad Khaldi & Meshari Khalid Khaldi

Work place: IE-Consult

Job title: Managing Director


Paper title: محطة الصرف الصحي المركزية المؤقتة (٥٤00م3 باليوم) بمدينة جازان االقتصادية.

Paper abstract:

تتولــى شــركة ارامكــو الســعودية بنــاء مصفــاة جيــزان و مــا يرافقهــا مــن مينــاء و محطــة انتــاج كهربــاء عاليــة الكفــاءة و ذلــك باســتخدام الغــاز الصناعــي المنتــج مــن اكبــر معمــل انتــاج غــاز صناعــي فــي العالــم و االول علــى مســتوى الشــرق األوســط. جميــع هــذه االعمــال الجبــارة رافقتهــا اســتقطاب العديــد مــن الشــركات العالميــة و المحليــة القيــام بأعمــال البنــاء ضمــن جــدول زمنــي قياســي فــي منطقــة تعتبــر فيــر مؤهلــة الســتيعاب اإلعــداد الكبيــرة المســتضافة فــي بقعــة صغيــرة و لمــدة ال تتجــاوز الســنوات القليلــة. لــذا كانــت حــدى التحديــات التــي واجهــت المشــروع توفيــر الخدمــات االساســية و منهــا تصريــف ميــاه الصــرف الصحــي لليــد العاملــة فــي هــذه المشــاريع بطريقــة بيئيــة ســليمة و بوقــت قياســي يتناســب مــع حاجــات العمــل. تــم اختيــار تصميــم المحطــة باعتبــار االســس التاليــة:1. ســرعة اإلنجــاز: حيــث تــم تحديــد الحاجــة لمعالجــة ميــاه الصــرف مــن قبــل المســتفيد )شــركة ارامكــو الســعودية( خــالل فتــرة ال تتجــاوز شــهرين مــن توقيــع العقــد و اســتالم الموقــع؛ 2. مــدة العقــد و الحاجــة لنقــل المحطــة بعــد انتهــاء العقــد: مــدة العقــد ســنة واحــدة قابلــة لتمديــد ٦ أشــهر و ذلــك لوجــود خطــة بإنشــاء محطــة دائمــة للمنطقــة و االســتغناء عــن المحطــة المؤقتــة بعــد االنتهــاء مــن انشــاء المحطــة الدائمــة؛ 3. موقــع المحطــة: موقــع المحطــة فــي بيــش بمنطقــة جيــزان و بالتحديــد داخــل أســوار المدينــة االقتصاديــة كان لــه بعــض التأثيــر علــى وفــرة المــواد و ســهولة نقلهــا مــن و الــى موقــع العمــل؛ 4. مواصفــات الميــاه المنتجــة: حــدد المســتفيد نوعيــة الميــاه لتكــون علــى المواصفــات عاليــة ليمكــن اســتخدامها فــي رش الكثبــان الرمليــة المســببة لالغبــرة و فــي رص الطــرق و بعــض االســتخدامات الصناعيــة. المرفــق )1( يبيــن مواصفــات الميــاه المنتجــة. بنــاء علــى األســس التــي ذكرنــا تــم تصميــم المشــروع بحيــث يكــون مجــدي اقتصاديــا ضمــن تلــك األســس. تــم تحديــد مواصفــات المشــروع لمعالجــة 5400م3 يوميــا مــن الصــرف الصحــي معالجــة ثالثيــة إلنتــاج ميــاه نقيــة تصلــح لالســتخدامات الصناعيــة و الزراعــة. ومــن االســتخدامات التــي تحتاجهــا منطقــة العمــل فــي مدينــة جيــزان االقتصاديــة التحكــم بالغبــار الــذي تشــتهر فيــه المنطقــة خاصــة فــي فتــرك الصيــف و ذلــك بــرش الكثبــان الرمليــة المتواحدكــدو الموجــودة بالمنطقــة. لــذا فقــد روعــي فــي التصميــم التالــي اختيــار تقنيــة المعالجــة. لــذا تــم تقييــم عــدة تقنيــات لهــذا المشــروع و منهــا باســتخدام األغشــية )MBR( و تقنيــة ال MBBR و تقنيــة SPR. بنــاء علــى المعطيــات و الظــروف تــم اختيــار تقنيــة األغشــية )MBR( لهــذا المشــروع بالرغــم مــن ارتفــاع التكلفــة مقابــل ســرعة اإلنجــاز و ضمــان القــدرة علــى توفيــر معالجــة تحقــق متطلبــات العميــل فــي نوعيــة الميــاه المنتجــة. الجــدول-1 يبيــن مقارنــة مبســطة للتقنيــات الثــالث. علمــا انــه تــم اســتبعاد التقنيــة التقليديــة لصغــر حجــم المحطــة و قصــر مــدة

التنفيــذ و التشــغيل.

406

Name: Khalid Saeed Yahya Alkhalis




Paper title: Large Critical Motor Assessment Program at Saudi Aramco

Paper abstract:

Saudi Aramco operates one of the largest motors fleet in the world. Thus, it has become pertinent to en-sure a methodological & reliable approach to oversee and assess the operability of the company’s large critical motors (500 HP and more). For that, Saudi Aramco held a company-wide Motor Condition Assessment (MCA) program. The aim of this program is to assess & identify the healthiness rate for over than 1500 large motors, and ensure a safe and reliable operation of Saudi Aramco facilities. The program consisted of three main stages. The first stage is screening & analysis, of which motors were categorized (to priority-1 and priority-2) based on operational criticality and failure history. The second & thirst stages are assessing priroty-1 motors (125 motors) and priroty-2 motors (471 motors), respectively. The assessment was carried on through two levels (Level-1 and Level-2). Level-1 is analyzing the motors operating parameters and Insulation condition. Level-2 is conducting detailed assessment by a test agency. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of the program’s overall structure, assessment criteria, and outcomes.

407

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